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Two constraints in the design of a petal tool are, the angles that define it must all be positive, and wear must never be greater than the desired wear. The first constraint is equivalent to that of the positive dwell times of a small solid tool. In view of this foregoing, we present a design of petal tools that are used to generate conic surfaces from their nearest spheres and that correct the profile of a surface that is polished. We study optimal angular sizes of a petal tool, which are found after we use linear programming to calculate the optimal dwell times of a set of complete annular tools placed in different zones of the glass surface. We report numerical results of designed petal tools.

Blue and ultraviolet luminescence in (P[r.sup.3+], G[d.sup.3+]) doped fluoroindate glass is studied for excitation in the red region. The characterization of the luminescence signals allow to determine energy transfer (ET) rate among the P[r.sup.3+] ions and provides evidence of interconfigurational ET between G[d.sup.3+] and P[r.sup.3+] ions.

The emission mode close to the cutoff wavelength in a three-slab asymmetric conjugated polymer-based waveguide structure is characterized and found largely affected by microcavity effects. A low gain threshold is found using conjugated benzothiadiazole-arylamine copolymer as the gain medium.

The cooperative energy transfer efficiency from [Yb.sup.3+] to [Tb.sup.3+] ([[super [eta]].sub.CET]) and the back-transfer efficiency from [Tb.sup.3+] to [Yb.sup.3+] ([[super [eta]].sub.BT]) were evaluated to study the upconversion excitation efficiency from [Yb.sup.3+] to [Tb.sup.3+] for [Tb.sup.3+]-[Yb.sup.3+] codoped fluorophosphate glasses. The 30% high [[super [eta]].sub.CET] and less than 1% [[super [eta]].sub.BT] observed in the fluorophosphate glass indicated the application of [Tb.sup.3+]-[Yb.sup.3+] codoped fluorophosphate glass as promising laser with gain medium in the 0.54 [mu]m band.

A highly automated measuring system is developed in order to study the possibility of determining the depth of the hole using a beam-deflection probe (BDP). The technique is based on time-of-flight measurements of the shockwave and simultaneous determination of its source size.