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12. Tools for studying water vapor at high temperatures

Author

Berger , Pascal, Gilles , Bonnet, Buscail , Henri, Chevalier , Sébastien, Evin , Harold, Favergeon , Loic, Heintz , Olivier, Issartel , Christophe, JI , Vincent, Martinelli , Laure, Oquab , Djar, Petit , Jean-Pierre, Pijolat , Michèle, Perrier , Sébastien, Politano , Olivier, Popa , Ioana, Prud'Homme , Nathalie, Rabaste , Françoise, Riffard , Frédéric, Wouters , Yves, Service de la Corrosion et du Comportement des Matériaux dans leur Environnement (SCCME), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement - UMR 7356 (LaSIE), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Vellave sur l'Elaboration et l'Etude des Matériaux (LVEEM), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ArcelorMittal Research Liège, ArcelorMittal, Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Procédés et REactivité des Systèmes Solide-gaz, Instrumentation et Capteurs (PRESSIC-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Réactivité des Solides (LRRS), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire des Matériaux (Toulouse, France), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GdR EVAPE 3054, Sébastien Chevalier, Jérôme Favergeon, ICB UMR CNRS 6303, CEA-LECNA, LaSIE FRE CNRS 3474, LVEEM, ENSIACET-IC CIRIMAT, INPG-UJF-SiMAp, Université Paris-Sud 11 ICMMO/LEMHE-UMR CNRS 8182, ArcelorMetal Belgique, Toucas, Andrée-Aimée, Service de la Corrosion et du Comportement des Matériaux dans leur Environnement ( SCCME ), Département de Physico-Chimie ( DPC ), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement ( LaSIE ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Vellave sur l'Elaboration et l'Etude des Matériaux ( LVEEM ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne ( LICB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ArcelorMittal Research Belgium, ArcelorMittal Research, Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels ( SPIN-ENSMSE ), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne ( Mines Saint-Étienne MSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], UMR 5307 - Laboratoire Georges Friedel ( LGF-ENSMSE ), Procédés et REactivité des Systèmes Solide-gaz, Instrumentation et Capteurs ( PRESSIC-ENSMSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-SPIN, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Réactivité des Solides ( LRRS ), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay ( ICMMO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés ( SIMaP ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
GDOES, ERDA, [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Modeling, [ SPI.GPROC ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Oxidation Mechanisms, Synchrotron Beam, Numerical Simulations, Corrosion, Kinetics, High-Temperature Oxidation, Raman Spectrometry, XPS, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, In Situ X-Ray Diffraction, Acoustic Emission
Abstract

1. Kinetics and Oxidation Mechanisms 1.1 Experimental Devices that Produce Water Vapor1.2 Using the Jump Method to Understand Oxidation Mechanisms and Kinetics1.3 Detection of Breakaway Oxidation with Acoustic Emission during Thermal Oxide Scale Growth 1.4 Stress Analysis during and after Oxidation 2. Characterization 2.1 Use and Potential of Environmental SEM (ESEM) in High-Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion Studies in Wet Air 2.2 In Situ X-Ray Diffraction for Water Vapor Analyses2.3 Use of Synchrotron Beam for Evaluating the Influence of Water Vapor on the Corrosion of Metallic Materials 2.4 Raman Spectrometry2.5 In Situ Steam Oxidation Chamber Coupled to XPS 2.6 Hydrogen Profiling in Oxide Layers by GDOES and ERDA 2.7 Photoelectrochemical Technique 3. Modeling and Numerical Simulations3.1. Molecular Dynamics Study of Oxidation Mechanisms 3.2. CIN3 Software; International audience; Many papers deal with the effect of water vapor on the high-temperature corrosion behavior of metallic materials. Experimental procedures are an essential consideration in the study of oxidation in steam, O2-H2O or air-H2O atmospheres, H2-H2O atmospheres, etc. The influence of various laboratory-controlled experimental parameters on the steam oxidation response of materials has been reviewed, and best practice recommendations are proposed in many papers. There are two main ways of enriching a gas in water vapor. The first consists in bubbling a gas (H2, air, N2, Ar, etc.) through a water bath held at a fixed temperature (thermostat). For example, synthetic air bubbled through a water bath held at 46°C gives a 10% H2O enrichment of the gas. The SiMap laboratory in Grenoble uses two successive water baths to obtain the desired water vapor content. The first bath is used to pre-enrich the gas by bubbling at a temperature below the target temperature. The second bath is heated to the temperature required for water vapor enrichment. The LICB team in Dijon and the LVVEEM team at Le Puy en Velay use a slightly different setup that involves a cooling tower: the gas is made to flow through a distilled water bath held at 70-80°C, and the H2O fraction is controlled and adjusted by passing the gas through a cooling tower heated to the correct temperature. Hayashi et al. use the same process to perform water vapor experiments. The experimental setup presented in Figure 1 possesses three water sources, which makes it very convenient for conducting long-term experiments as it is possible to switch from the first to the second or third bath, as many times as needed. Successive experiments in H216O, H218O and D2O can also be carried out by placing each isotope in a separate bath.

Published
2014

17. Shaping of Nanostructured Materials or Coatings through Spark Plasma Sintering

Author

Estournès, Claude, primary, Oquab, Djar, additional, Selezneff, Serge, additional, Boidot, Mathieu, additional, Monceau, Daniel, additional, Grossin, D., additional, Drouet, Christophe, additional, Chung, U Chan, additional, Roulland, F., additional, Elissalde, Cathy, additional, Maglione, M., additional, Chaim, R., additional, Miele, Philippe, additional, Gurt-Santanach, J., additional, Chevallier, G., additional, Weibel, A., additional, Peigney, A., additional, and Laurent, Ch., additional

Published
2012
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31. Beneficial Effect of Pt and of Pre-Oxidation on the Oxidation Behaviour of an NiCoCrAlYTa Bond-Coating for Thermal Barrier Coating Systems.

Author

Put, Aurélie Vande, Oquab, Djar, Péré, Eve, Raffaitin, Aymeric, and Monceau, Daniel

Subjects
*THERMAL barrier coatings, *OXIDES, *OXIDATION, *MICROSTRUCTURE, *CERAMICS
Abstract

The oxidation behaviour of a thermal barrier coating (TBC) system is a major concern as the growth of the thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer on the bond-coating creates stresses that greatly favour the thermal barrier spallation. To delay the loss of the thermal protection provided, research has focused on the bond-coating composition and microstructure as well as on the parameters required for a suitable pre-oxidation treatment before the deposition of the ceramic top coat. Platinum is known to enhance the oxidation/corrosion resistance of MCrAlY coatings. The effect of Pt on the oxidation behaviour of a NiCoCrAlYTa coating was assessed in this study. In addition, pre-oxidation treatments were conducted to determine if the oxidation behaviour of the modified NiCoCrAlYTa coating could be further improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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33. Atom probe tomographic study of L10 martensite in a Pt-modified NiCoCrAlYTa bond coating.

Author

Tan, Xipeng, Perrin-Pellegrino, Carine, Hoummada, Khalid, Mangelinck, Dominique, Vande Put, Aurélie Rouaix, Lafont, Marie-Christine, Oquab, Djar, and Monceau, Daniel

Subjects
*MARTENSITE, *PROTECTIVE coatings, *STABILIZING agents, *MARTENSITIC transformations, *CONSTITUTION of matter, *PRECIPITATION (Chemistry), *PHASE equilibrium, *TOMOGRAPHY
Abstract

Abstract: The L10 martensite formed in a Pt-modified NiCoCrAlYTa bond coating has been investigated by atom probe tomography. It was found that obvious segregation of Co and Cr occurred in the micro-twins zone inside the martensite lath. Based upon the compositional analysis, it is known that Pt destabilizes the β phase and Co and Cr act as β stabilizers with respect to the β→L10 martensitic transformation. In addition, some α-Cr particles precipitated inside the martensite lath. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2013
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