Search

The EAO Junior Committee Summer Camp 2023 was held in Lisbon, Portugal, with the goal of promoting communication, leadership, and connections among young clinicians and researchers under 40 years old. The camp featured workshops, group projects, and social activities to empower participants and enhance their public speaking abilities. Attendees from 18 different countries were chosen to participate in the camp, which prioritized creating a safe and respectful environment for networking and establishing connections. The camp also emphasized the value of friendship and encouraged participants to make new friends for future scientific exchanges. The document includes three appendix figures showcasing participants, a group photo before a surf lesson, and a view of Dragão Vermelho beach in Lisbon, Portugal. The document is copyrighted by Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc., and printing is limited to personal use only, with no reproduction or transmission allowed without written permission from the publisher. [Extracted from the article]

INTRODUCTION: The goal of our research programme is to develop culturally appropriate patient-specific interventions for primary and secondary prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) among people living with HIV (PLWH); PLWH are at a higher risk for OPC than the general population and, as with many cancers, there are disparities in OPC health outcomes by race and ethnicity. Our study incorporates an anti-racist research framework that proposes considering racism as a foundational sociocultural system that causes ill health. We expand the framework to include biases due to gender, sexual orientation, HIV status and membership in other non-dominant groups. Our research programme focuses on HPV-related OPC among people living with PLWH, and on how intersecting identities may impact an individuals experience with oral health, obtaining regular and appropriate oral healthcare, knowledge and perceptions of oral HPV infection, risk factors for OPC and HPV vaccination. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will follow a grounded theory (GT) qualitative research methodology using focus group discussions (FGDs) to collect data. We will invite PLWH with intersecting identities to participate in one of 12-18 FGDs with 5-8 participants per group. Focus groups will be formed based on self-reported domains, including race, ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation and other identities that could impact oral health, such as smoking status, experience with homelessness or experience with drug use disorders. We do not know which aspects of intersecting identities are most salient to accessing oral healthcare. Using FGDs will allow us to gain this knowledge in a setting where participants can build on and reinforce shared understandings about oral healthcare. Following our GT methodology, analysis will occur concurrently with data collection, and emerging concepts or theories may result in changes to focus group guide questions. Initial focus group questions will be organised around our main objectives: (1) to identify individual, interpersonal and structural health equity factors that serve as barriers or facilitators to oral health status and care; (2) to explore knowledge and perceptions about causes, risk factors, prevention and screening for oral or OPC and (3) to elicit recommendations for improving access to regular and appropriate oral healthcare and suggestions on engaging PLWH from diverse identity groups in prevention interventions. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: All methods and procedures were approved by the University of California, San Francisco, Institutional Review Board (approval number: 23-39307) and are in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975, as revised in 2000. Participants are required to provide informed consent. The results of this study will be presented at scholarly meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals. In addition, a lay summary of results will be created and distributed to our participants and community through our website and social media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06055868.

Objectives: The objectives of this retrospective study were to analyze telehealth utilization for two specialty care practices: oral medicine (OM) and oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) during the first 2 years of the pandemic, its impact as a new treatment modality and on participating providers, as well as identify the type of patient visit that most readily adopted telehealth. Methods: Retrospective study of patients who sought specialty services, OM and OMFS, at an outpatient clinic in a university health system setting between March 1, 2019, and February 28, 2022. Source data were obtained from Epic, an electronic medical record application. Data were graphed using Tableau and Microsoft Excel software. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing chi-squared test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: OMFS utilized telehealth 12% of the time, and OM 8% of the time. The majority (87%) of telehealth visits were for return patients (RPs). Compared with the first year of the pandemic, there was a decrease in the number of telehealth visits in the second year (p = 0.0001). As of August 2022, new patient (NP) telehealth encounters have largely returned to prepandemic levels (0-1.5%), whereas RP telehealth visits remained at an average level of 11.4% (9.4-12.4%). Surveyed providers consider telehealth as an effective complement to in-person care and will continue its use (4.2/5 Likert scale). Conclusions: Telehealth has become a viable pathway of care for OM and OMFS who previously did not utilize the remote platform to deliver healthcare. As a new treatment modality, telehealth is perceived as impactful in increasing access to specialty care by participating providers. NP visits are now almost completely in person, but telehealth continues for RPs. Ongoing demand for telehealth highlights urgency to develop appropriate standards and effective remote diagnostic/monitoring tools to maximize telehealth's capability to leverage finite health care resources and increase access to specialty care.

Background: A growing number of in vitro and in vivo studies suggest the application of probiotics as a natural approach to maintaining oral health. This double-blind, randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Levilactobacillus brevis CD2 (CNCM I-5566), a multifunctional probiotic frequently used in oral medicine, in preserving or improving several recognized oral health indicators. Methods: Thirty consenting healthy adults were randomized to receive four lozenges per day of L. brevis CD2 probiotic (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15) over four weeks. Clinical parameters (full-mouth bleeding on probing (BoP) and plaque index (PI) scores) were recorded. Unstimulated saliva was collected to measure salivation rate, pH, and buffer capacity. Salivary biomarkers were analyzed, including glucose, D-lactate, and secretory immunoglobulins A (sIgA). Clinical and salivary parameters were assessed at baseline, after four weeks of intervention, and two weeks post-intervention. Wilcoxon rank-sum test and robust regression analysis were used for statistical comparisons. The possible mediating effect of PI on BoP changes was assessed. Results: After four weeks, the probiotic group showed significant improvements in BoP and PI compared to baseline and placebo. The probiotic group had a higher salivation rate than baseline and placebo after four weeks of treatment and washout. While changes in salivary pH were not significant, buffering capacity increased in the probiotic group after four weeks of treatment and washout. Salivary glucose and D-lactate levels were lower in the probiotic group post-treatment and after washout. sIgA values increased and remained stable after washout in the probiotic group. No adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: The treatment with L. brevis CD2 significantly improved clinical and salivary parameters, supporting its efficacy as a probiotic for oral health. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06457724; Registered 7 June 2024 - Retrospectively registered; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06457724?viewType=Table&page=452&rank=4512#study-overview. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dengue virus (DENV) infection, a mosquito-borne disease, presents a significant public health challenge globally, with diverse clinical manifestations. Although oral dengue manifestations are uncommon, they can serve as crucial diagnostic indicators and impact patient management in dental practice. This scoping review aims to map the evidence on the oral manifestations associated with DENV infection and their clinical implications for dental practice. Methods: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022337572). A comprehensive search was conducted across six electronic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and LILACS/BBO) up to June 2024. Eligible studies included case reports, case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies reporting oral manifestations in patients with DENV infection. Results: A total of 41 studies were included, comprising 17 case reports, 15 retrospective cohort studies, 4 prospective cohort studies, and 5 cross-sectional studies. Gingival bleeding, oral ulceration, bilateral inflammatory increase in the parotid glands, and lingual hematoma were the most frequently reported oral manifestations. Less common manifestations included Ludwig's angina, osteonecrosis of the jaw, and angular cheilitis. These findings suggest a broad spectrum of oral symptoms that could aid in the early identification and management of dengue patients. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of recognizing oral manifestations in dengue patients, which can facilitate early diagnosis and intervention, particularly in dengue-endemic regions. Dental professionals play a crucial role in identifying these symptoms and improving patient outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these manifestations and to develop standardized protocols for clinical assessment and management. Clinical relevance: This paper highlights the role of dental professionals in early dengue diagnosis, emphasizing oral manifestations like gingival bleeding. It promotes interdisciplinary care, improving patient outcomes and management in dengue-endemic regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Orthodontic relapse, the undesired deviation of teeth from their corrected positions, remains a significant challenge in clinical orthodontics. Incomplete periodontal bone remodeling has been identified as a key factor in this process. Despite decades of research, currently there are no effective strategies to prevent relapse. Methods: We isolated and identified dental pulp stem cell-derived intracellular vesicles (DPSC-IV) from human dental pulp tissue. To investigate its effect, DPSC-IV was added to osteoblast or osteoclast differentiation medium. During the orthodontic retention period, DPSC-IV was administrated to rats by subgingival injection. Relapse distance and relapse rate were calculated to evaluate DPSC-IV's ability to prevent relapse. Additionally, Western blot analysis were used to examine DPSC-IV's inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation. Results: DPSC-IV significantly promoted osteoblast differentiation and inhibited osteoclast differentiation. Application of DPSC-IV during retention resulted in a significant reduction in both relapse distance and relapse rate, with improved periodontal structure and decreased osteoclast activity. This effect was mediated by the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway and could be reversed by the PI3K activator insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of DPSC-IV as a novel preventive approach against orthodontic relapse, offering a novel strategy for maintaining long-term orthodontic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral lesions are common in dogs and cats, and determining the underlying etiology of these lesions can be challenging. A wide range of systemic ailments may lead to lesions in the oral cavity, including immune-mediated diseases, adverse drug reactions, viral and bacterial infections, and metabolic and autoimmune diseases. A complete history and thorough physical examination (including a fundic examination) should be obtained in affected patients. It is critical to perform a detailed oral examination, which in some patients may need to be performed under sedation or general anesthesia. Tailored diagnostic plans and a multidisciplinary approach are necessary to fully characterize co-morbid disorders in affected patients. This narrative review aims to aid veterinarians in recognizing oral manifestations of systemic disorders based on the most recent reports and available research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations frequently cause patient consultations in both out- and inpatient settings. Recent data suggest that only 40–60% of exacerbations are of bacterial origin and mandate antibiotic treatment. However, a reliable tool to justify prescribing antibiotics for COPD exacerbation is still lacking. This study was designed to explore the hypothesis that utilization of a novel decision-making tool called Prospector would lead to lower consumption of antibiotics and provide a more rational approach to managing COPD exacerbations versus standard therapy in patients with COPD. The study included 77 COPD patients who experienced a COPD exacerbation and were treated in outpatient settings. The Prospector group (PG) (n = 40) were treated by the study author using the Prospector calculator (a tool designed by the first author that translates: patient symptoms, exacerbation, and medical history of COPD into a decision on the use of antibiotics in COPD exacerbation treatment). Other primary care specialists treated the control group (CG) (n = 37) in the same outpatient clinic; antibiotic therapies were implemented at the physician's discretion, most often using Anthonisen's criteria. All other medications were administered at the physician's discretion. Safety endpoints were set as: death, hospitalization, and number of exacerbations. Antibiotics were administered in 32.8% and 81.2% of exacerbations in the PG and CG, respectively (p < 0.0001). A comparable percentage was verified positively in both PG patient subsets: those that did and did not receive antibiotics at visit 1 (94.7% and 94.9%, respectively). Twenty-eight patients in the PG and 37 in the CG were followed for up to 35 months. Failure to recover (defined as deterioration or lack of improvement) in 30 days following exacerbation was 10.7% in the PG and 47.2% in the CG. In the CG, the failure rate was significantly higher (p = 0.0043). Hospitalization rates in the PG and the CG were 42.9% and 94.4%, respectively. In the CG, the hospitalization rate was significantly higher (p < 0.0001). COPD hospitalization rates in the PG and the CG were 17.9% and 33.3%, respectively (p = 0.1643). This preliminary study suggests that using the Prospector calculator results in markedly reduced antibiotic prescription for COPD exacerbations. No new safety signals have been identified for the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To perform risk assessment and analysis of potential infection during stomatology workflow in a hospital in the context of a major infectious disease outbreak, and to determine the key failure modes and measures to prevent and control infection. Method: Following the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method based on the stomatology workflow, the opinions of 30 domain-experts in related fields were collected through questionnaires to determine all potential failure modes in the severity (S), occurrence (O), and detectability (D) dimensions. The group score was then integrated through the median method and the risk priority number (RPN) was obtained. Finally, combined with expert experience, a score above 100 was considered to define a key potential failure mode. The data collection period for this study was from August to September 2023. Results: The key failure modes identified were "Patient concealed epidemiological history (A110) (RPN: 149.6; Rank: 1)," "At the pre-examination door, safe distancing cannot be practiced due to the large number of visitors (A120) (RPN: 147; Rank: 2)," "The patient does not cooperate in checking the health code or itinerary code (A18) (RPN: 128, Rank: 3)," "The patient provides a non-personal health code or itinerary code (A19) (RPN:121.5; Rank: 4)," "Pre-examination personnel did not strictly implement the inquiry of epidemiological history (A12) (RPN: 120; Rank: 5)," and "The patient did not wear a mask according to the specification (A111) (RPN:108.0; Rank: 6)". The key risk area was "Before diagnosis and treatment (A)". Conclusion: Insufficient records of patient epidemiological history may increase the spread of COVID-19 in the oral diagnosis and treatment environment. High-density areas where patients gather are prone to become sources of infection. Finally, improper use of personal protective equipment increases the risk of cross-infection with COVID-19. However, in the face of the potential spread of major infectious diseases in the future, the government and hospitals need to build a more comprehensive epidemiological notification system to provide the population with early action trajectories and warning reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The mouth is the mirror of the body and can manifest signs of underlying health issues. The oral soft and hard tissues are physically linked to the rest of the body. Therefore, the role of dentists is much greater than the dental setup. Many physicians consider dentistry as a purely practical occupation and not scientific. In recent years, the relationship between oral and systemic disease has become a leading research issue. Interventional studies focused on the relationship between dental treatment and its effect on certain systemic condition. In this regard, the aim of this study is to introduce a case of Cowden Syndrome (CS) which was first diagnosed according to their oral manifestations by a dentist. Case report: A 37-year-old woman was referred to the Department of Oral Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences complaining of aesthetic problems. Intra-oral examinations showed grooves and papillomatosis. Examination of the oral cavity showed a high-arched palate, hypoplasia of the maxilla and jaw. According to the patient's oral presentation, we asked for a consultation with gastroenterologist, gynecologist and endocrinologist. Finally, based on clinical and paraclinical findings, the clinicians put the final diagnosis of CS. Discussion: According to the review of literature, less than 500 cases have been reported worldwide, many of which have been diagnosed by dental surgeons, or oral pathology and medicine specialists by recognition of mucocutaneous lesions. There is a close association of CS with the development of several malignant neoplasms. This point emphasizes the importance of the early recognition of these lesions, which facilitates an early diagnosis of CS. Oral lesions can be the first sign of the disease, because they develop in 90 to 99% of cases. The diagnosis of CS in this case was made based on criteria proposed by the International Cowden Syndrome Consortium. Conclusion: Since the patients can have a variety of clinical manifestations, the diagnosis can be mistaken and delayed. Therefore, it seems that there is a need for awareness of this entity in the dental community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The cost accounting of medical service projects forms the basis for disease cost accounting and DRG (Diagnosis-Related Groups) cost accounting. Among the various costs involved, human resources represent a significant portion and are highly complex, making their accurate accounting a critical and challenging aspect of cost accounting for medical service projects. Methods: This paper introduces the itemized point cost (IPC) method, a novel cost accounting approach based on the RBRVS (Resource-Based Relative Value Scale) theory. It outlines the core concepts of "points" and "process steps" within the IPC framework and details its application in human cost accounting. An example of impacted tooth extraction in the stomatology department of Hospital A is used to illustrate the IPC method's implementation process. Findings: A comparative analysis with activity-based costing and time-estimation costing methods shows that the IPC method is concise, practical, and operable. It is also aligned with the principles of cost-effectiveness. Conclusions: The paper proposes strategies to promote the IPC method, including leveraging information technology, enhancing top-level design, and standardizing processes, to improve its adoption and effectiveness in medical cost accounting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between the years 2008 and 2023, 306 patients were referred to the Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, for salivary gland biopsy after clinical suspicion of Sjögren's syndrome. This study aimed to investigate possible associations between serology and minor salivary gland histopathology by stratifying patients according to serology features (negative, single, or double seropositivity according to anti-SSA and anti-SSB), focus score (FS, negative, or actual score), and germinal centers (GCs). Information was collected from referrals and visits. Collected information included oral and ocular dryness symptoms, sialometry, Schirmer I test, histopathological analysis, and serological findings. Patients were classified using the 2002 American European Consensus Group classification criteria and were stratified into seven subgroups according to their serological profiles and FS, which were compared. The majority of patients were females, and the most frequently referred age group was 50–59 years of age. Most patients had both oral and ocular symptoms. Seropositive patients had higher median FS compared to seronegative patients. Double-seropositive patients had significantly higher median FS compared to single-seropositive patients. The results indicated that anti-SSB together with anti-SSA plays a role in disease severity in the salivary glands. In addition to anti-SSA, anti-SSB should be routinely evaluated as a possible predictor of the severity of inflammatory destruction in the salivary gland tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral leukoplakia is classified among oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) by the World Health Organization (WHO). The visual oral examination (VOE) is the most used method for identifying lesions in their early stages. Given that the diagnosis of oral cancer is often late, there is an urgent need for early detection and examination of oral lesions. Surgical biopsy represents the gold standard as a diagnostic method, but because it is invasive, it cannot be repeated for periodic checks. We report the case of a lesion on the buccal mucosa of a 65-year-old male patient with a malignant appearance. The patient underwent a novel non-invasive cyto-salivary sampling and ELISA immunoassay for tumor biomarker detection and biopsy with histopathological analysis. The rapid ELISA test results excluded signs of malignancy, providing valuable insights into the lesion's immunophenotypic profile, which were consistent with the histopathological examination findings. This case report highlights the clinical and histopathological characteristics of a lesion with the aspect of Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia (PVL), emphasizing its challenging diagnosis and management. The integration of non-invasive cytobrush sampling with biomarker analysis proved valuable in detecting specific tumor biomarkers, potentially indicating ongoing tumor transformation. Monitoring these markers over time could enhance early detection and management strategies, thereby improving patient outcomes. This approach underscores the utility of non-invasive techniques in phenotyping oral lesions and supporting clinical decision-making in oral medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Methods Results Conclusions Despite recent advancements, women still encounter significant challenges in various fields, including dentistry. However, the increasing interest in female participation in science acknowledges its fundamental role in the advancement of knowledge. This study aims to assess indicators of women's involvement in Brazilian research in the areas of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine.This cross‐sectional study evaluated 197 professionals affiliated with the Brazilian Society of Stomatology and Oral Pathology in 2023. Data were collected from publicly available Lattes curriculum and organized into three sets of information: researcher profile, scientific production and human resources formation. Both the data from the researcher's entire career and from the last 5 years (2019–2023) were assessed separately. Descriptive analyses of categorical variables were performed, while the Mann–Whitney test was employed to compare the numerical variables regarding researchers' gender.Of 197 professionals, 117 (59.4%) were female. Although there was no significant difference in scientific production between genders, men had more publications, received approximately twice as many citations, and exhibited higher H‐index values compared to women. Notably, women surpassed men in undergraduate student supervision, while men predominated in supervising master's and PhD students.This study highlighted the relevance of female participation in Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine research in Brazil. However, disparities persist regarding women participation, especially in scientific article citations and postgraduate students' supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of machines to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Although it was first conceptualized in the 1950s, it has developed rapidly in recent times. AI can undertake complex predictions and make decisions due to its ability to mimic human intelligence. Its popularity has grown exponentially in the health sector including dentistry. It is useful in all dental disciplines, including endodontics, oral medicine and radiology, periodontics, prosthodontics, oral pathology, and forensic odontology. This review describes the history, types, and uses of AI across different disciplines. This will help dental professionals to understand the utility of AI and improve their efficiency toward better patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study evaluated Ayurvedic and yoga treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in a 14-year-old female with a short temper. Symptoms were assessed using the Clinical Anger Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Before treatment, the patient scored 31 out of 48 on the HAM-A and 31 out of 63 on the Clinical Anger Scale. After 30 days, the patient’s scores improved to 8 out of 48 on the HAM-A and 10 out of 63 on the Clinical Anger Scale. Cortisol levels decreased from 25.1 µg/dl to 15.8 µg/dl. Ayurvedic oral medicine (like Kushmanda Ghrita,Bhrami Vati), Panchakarma therapy (Nasya, Shirodhara), and yoga, showed significant improvements. This Ayurevda approach helped reducing anxiety and anger scores, highlighting integrative medicine’s efficacy in improving mental health and wellbeing. The positive outcomes observed in this study suggest that incorporating Ayurvedic treatments and yoga into mental health care can be a valuable strategy for improving the well-being of young individuals. Further research and larger clinical trials are warranted to validate these findings and explore the broader application of integrative medicine in adolescent mental health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The secretome of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) holds significant promise for oral and maxillofacial medicine due to its rich composition of growth factors, cytokines, and other soluble or vesicle-embedded bioactive mediators that promote tissue regeneration and immunomodulation. Potential applications include enhancing wound healing, reducing inflammation, and stimulating the regeneration of hard and soft tissues. This could lead to improved outcomes in procedures such as bone grafting, soft tissue reconstruction, and the treatment of oral and facial defects. By harnessing the regenerative properties of ADSC secretome, clinicians may be able to achieve more effective tissue repair, ultimately benefiting patient recovery and quality of life. The adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) secretome is widely studied for its immunomodulatory and regenerative properties, yet its potential in maxillofacial medicine remains largely underexplored. This review takes a composition-driven approach, beginning with a list of chemokines, cytokines, receptors, and inflammatory and growth factors quantified in the ADSC secretome to infer its potential applications in this medical field. First, a review of the literature confirmed the presence of 107 bioactive factors in the secretome of ADSCs or other types of mesenchymal stem cells. This list was then analyzed using the Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) software, revealing 844 enriched biological processes. From these, key processes were categorized into three major clinical application areas: immunoregulation (73 factors), bone regeneration (13 factors), and wound healing and soft tissue regeneration (27 factors), with several factors relevant to more than one area. The most relevant molecules were discussed in the context of existing literature to explore their therapeutic potential based on available evidence. Among these, TGFB1, IL10, and CSF2 have been shown to modulate immune and inflammatory responses, while OPG, IL6, HGF, and TIMP1 contribute to bone regeneration and tissue repair. Although the ADSC secretome holds great promise in oral and maxillofacial medicine, further research is needed to optimize its application and validate its clinical efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Assessment of periodontal and peri-implant inflammation, evidenced by bleeding on probing (BOP), among partially dentate patients receiving supportive periodontal care (SPC). Material & methods: Patient charts from the Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine of Goethe-University Frankfurt with at least one dental implant were reviewed. Measurements included probing pocket depth (PPD), BOP, and full-mouth bleeding and plaque scores for all teeth and implants. Results: 100 patients (median; lower/upper quartile: age 68.9; 62.6/76.5 years; 51 females, 6 smokers, 16 with anticoagulative medication, 6 localized stage III, 57 generalized stage III, 37 stage IV, 70 grade B, 30 Grade C, 22; 20/25 teeth left, 2; 1/4 implants) were examined. Peri-implant BOP (24; 11.5/41.5%) was significantly higher than BOP at teeth (14; 8/21.5%) (p < 0.001). A median of 0 (0/1) implants exhibited no BOP and 0 (0/1) only one site with BOP. Shallow pockets (PPD 1–3 mm) were significantly more frequent in teeth (93; 87/97%) than in implants (72.5; 58/94.5%; p < 0.001). Moderately deep pockets (PPD 4 and 5 mm) were less frequent in teeth compared to implants (6; 2/11%; 22; 5.5/33%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Peri-implant sites exhibit a higher prevalence of BOP compared to periodontal sites in SPC patients. Clinical relevance: Practitioners providing supportive periodontal care to patients with dental implants should anticipate a greater prevalence of BOP around implants compared to teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the agreement between six currently available periapical radiography‐based methods for measuring the root canal curvatures in mesial roots of mandibular first molars, assessed by two examiners with different proficiency levels. Methodology: Non‐endodontically treated mesial roots of 41 human mandibular first molars were radiographed using the parallelling technique. Two independent observers (a specialist in endodontics and radiology and a final‐year dental student) assessed their root canal curvature using the methodologies described by Schneider (1971, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, 32, 271), Weine (1982, Endodontic therapy), Berbert and Nishiyama (1994, Revista Gaúcha de Odontología, 356), Luiten et al. (1995, Journal of Endodontics, 21, 26), Hankins and ElDeeb (1996, Journal of Endodontics, 22, 123) and Pettiette et al. (1999, Journal of Endodontics, 25, 230). Intra‐ and inter‐examiner reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. The differences in curvature angle measured by the different methods were compared using the one‐way anova for repeated measures test, followed by Tukey's post hoc analysis. The effect was calculated using the Cohen's d method. To determine the agreement between methods, the Bland–Altman analysis was used. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: Agreement for the observers was excellent (>0.81) for the six methods considered. For the angle comparisons between methods, the maximum differences were for Schneider versus Weine (35.77°) and Luiten versus Hankins (35.14°), whilst the highest percentage of angles with a difference >10° were Weine versus Luiten and Berbert versus Pettiette (90%) and the comparison Weine versus Hankins presented with the lowest frequency (15%). Excellent agreement was found for five comparisons: Weine versus Luiten (0.940), Berbert versus Pettiette (0.917), Weine versus Pettiette (0.907), Luiten versus Pettiette (0.904) and Berbert versus Luiten (0.812). Compared to Schneider's method, the other methods showed a tendency of increasing difference as the angles became more acute. The other methods exhibited linear differences, remaining constant for smaller and larger angles. Conclusions: Reliability was excellent for all methods assessed separately. Maximum differences in curvature angles were found when comparing Schneider versus Weine and Luiten versus Hankins. Excellent agreement was found for Weine versus Luiten, Berbert versus Pettiette, Weine versus Pettiette, Luiten versus Pettiette and Berbert versus Luiten. In the presence of dilacerations, the method by Schneider was less sensitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study evaluated the accuracy of diagnosing oral and maxillofacial diseases using telehealth. Methods: We recruited 100 patients from the Oral Health Centre of Western Australia. They were either new patients or existing patients with a condition not previously diagnosed. The patients initially underwent a telehealth consultation without administrative or clinical staff assistance. On the same day, they also received a traditional in-office (face-to-face) consultation with an Oral Medicine registrar and/or consultant. Results: In this study, 70 patients were consulted via telehealth for a mucosal condition, while 30 were consulted for orofacial pain. When comparing telehealth diagnoses to in-person diagnoses, 65.7% of mucosal cases and 70% of orofacial pain cases had the same diagnosis. Furthermore, regarding the diagnoses within the chief complaint's telehealth differential diagnosis list, 87.1% were similar in the mucosal cases, and 96.7% were similar in orofacial pain cases compared to the in-office consultation. Conclusions: Our study's findings demonstrate that telehealth is less reliable than the gold standard in-person consultation for diagnosing oral diseases. However, it shows promise as an adjunctive service for screening, triaging, and monitoring patients. Further studies with guidelines for patients undergoing telehealth consultations to improve the diagnostic accuracy of oral and maxillofacial diseases are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately one in five individuals experience alveolar osteitis (AO) following wisdom tooth extraction. AO is characterised by loss of the blood clot from the tooth extraction socket leading to infection and pain, resulting in repeated hospital visits that impose a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Current treatments are sub-optimal; to address this we developed a novel drug-loaded mucoadhesive patch composed of dual electrospun polyvinyl pyrrolidone/Eudragit RS100 (PVP/RS100) and poly(N -isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) fibres protected by a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) backing layer. These patches demonstrated controlled release of the long-acting analgesic bupivacaine HCl and the anti-inflammatory drug prednisolone. Topical application of patches to tissue-engineered gingival mucosa showed that patch-released bupivacaine and prednisolone achieved sustained tissue permeation with 54.8 ± 3.3 % bupivacaine HCl and 65.8 ± 5.1 % prednisolone permeating the epithelium after 24 h. The drugs retained their functionality after release; bupivacaine HCl significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited veratridine-induced intracellular calcium flux in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, while prednisolone significantly reduced gene expression of IL-6 (2-fold; p < 0.001), CXCL8 (5.1-fold; p < 0.01) and TNF-α (1.5-fold; p < 0.001) in stimulated THP-1 monocytes. Taken together, these data show that dual electrospun patches have the potential to provide a mucoadhesive covering to prevent blood clot loss while delivering pain relief and anti-inflammatory therapeutics at tooth extraction sites to prevent and treat AO. This study not only offers a future therapeutic pathway for AO but also contributes valuable insights into future advancements in drug delivery devices for periodontal or oral mucosal tissue. [Display omitted] • Mucoadhesive electrospun patch that simultaneously delivers pain relief and anti-inflammatory drugs. • Dual electrospun PVP/RS100 and PNIPAM microfibres achieve controlled drug release. • Patches reduce cytokine secretion in a 3D in vitro model of gingival inflammation. • Patch treatment blocks cell voltage-gated sodium channels for pain relief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comparison between traditional Chinese medicine Jinzhen oral liquid (JZOL) and Western medicine in treating children with acute bronchitis (AB) showed encouraging outcomes. This trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of the JZOL for improving cough and expectoration in children with AB. 480 children were randomly assigned to take JZOL or ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution for 7 days. The primary outcome was time-to-cough resolution. The median time-to-cough resolution in both groups was 5.0 days and the antitussive onset median time was only 1 day. This randomized controlled trial showed that JZOL was not inferior to cough suppressant and phlegm resolving western medicine in treating cough and sputum and could comprehensively treat respiratory and systemic discomfort symptoms. Combined with clinical trials, the mechanism of JZOL against AB was uncovered by network target analysis, it was found that the pathways in TRP channels like IL-1 β /IL1R/TRPV1/TRPA1, NGF/TrkA/TRPV1/TRPA1, and PGE2/EP/PKA/TRPV1/TRPA1 might play important roles. Animal experiments further confirmed that inflammation and the immune regulatory effect of JZOL in the treatment of AB were of vital importance and TRP channels were the key mechanism of action. Jinzhen oral liquid is a safe and effective intervention to improve the clinical symptoms of AB. TRP channels may play important roles in its regulation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Accurately identifying primary lesions in oral medicine, particularly elementary white lesions, is a significant challenge, especially for trainee dentists. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a deep learning (DL) model for the detection and classification of elementary white mucosal lesions (EWMLs) using clinical images. Materials and Methods: A dataset was created by collecting photographs of various oral lesions, including oral leukoplakia, OLP plaque-like and reticular forms, OLL, oral candidiasis, and hyperkeratotic lesions from the Unit of Oral Medicine. The SentiSight.AI (Neurotechnology Co.®, Vilnius, Lithuania) AI platform was used for image labeling and model training. The dataset comprised 221 photos, divided into training (n = 179) and validation (n = 42) sets. Results: The model achieved an overall precision of 77.2%, sensitivity of 76.0%, F1 score of 74.4%, and mAP of 82.3%. Specific classes, such as condyloma and papilloma, demonstrated high performance, while others like leucoplakia showed room for improvement. Conclusions: The DL model showed promising results in detecting and classifying EWMLs, with significant potential for educational tools and clinical applications. Expanding the dataset and incorporating diverse image sources are essential for improving model accuracy and generalizability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orofacial disorders are common and complex disorders with an estimated collective prevalence of over 40% of the general population. To improve access to care, orofacial pain and oral medicine have now been recognized as dental specialties. Thus, it is recommended that all dental schools and other health professional schools increase pre- and post-doctoral education, patient care, clinical training, and research on these conditions. This paper reviews the barriers and solutions to improving access to quality, effective, and affordable care for oral and facial disorders to prevent complications, chronic pain and the negative impact on the lives of those who suffer from them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Root caries affect the oral health and quality of life of older adults. This study examines the breadth of global research on this topic, aiming to clarify its expansive scope and to shed light on pertinent trends for new researchers in the field. Objective: To identify key advances in root caries research as highlighted in high‐quality articles from the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) as well as to explore emerging trends and perspectives. Materials and Methods: Using the Web of Science (WoS) database, we conducted a comprehensive review of articles related to root caries in older adults. Our focus was on finding high‐quality SSCI articles, identifying major contributors, journals and research trends and exploring areas such as dentistry, oral surgery and medicine for potential future research. Results: Our analysis included 192 articles, each of which was subjected to bibliometric and VOS viewer evaluations. The results revealed a concentration of studies in dentistry, oral surgery and medicine, with gaps identified in areas like anthropology, biochemistry, molecular biology and chemistry. A notable deficiency was found in root caries management. Conclusion: We discuss research gaps and propose future directions based on our findings, emphasising interdisciplinary research approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of systemic diseases and the medications used by patients presenting to the dentist have a significant impact on oral health and the dental treatment plan. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of systemic diseases in patients attending the Faculty of Dentistry and to investigate the awareness of the medications used by patients. A total of 635 patients with systemic diseases who applied to the Ordu University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology between November 2021 and May 2022 were included in the study. In addition to demographic information, a questionnaire consisting of 2 questions was applied to patients with at least one systemic disease. 63.1% of the patients were female and 36.9% were male. The most common systemic diseases were hypertension (41.2%), diabetes (22.4%), thyroid disorders (11.3%) and cardiac diseases (8.9%) respectively. According to the patients' answers, 45.1% knew their systemic disease and the medicine they were taking, 53.7% knew their systemic disease but did not know the medicine they were taking, and 1.2% did not know their systemic disease but knew the medicine they were taking. It is important for individuals who apply to the dentist to have knowledge and awareness about their systemic diseases and the medicine used, in order to prevent possible complications related to oral health and dental treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity of Ferula macrocolea essential oil on blood and serum biochemical parameters in BALB/c mice. To determine acute toxicity, four groups of mice (each comprising 6 mice) received a single oral dose of 1.24 ml/kg of F. macrocolea essential oil. Subacute toxicity was assessed by examining vital organs such as the liver, kidneys, and blood parameters after administering doses (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 ml/kg) of the plant essential oil orally for 28 days. The results of acute toxicity studies, where a single dose of 1.24 ml/kg of plant essential oil was orally administered to the mice, were monitored for 28 days. The median lethal dose (LD50) of this compound was determined to be 1.79 ml/kg. In the study of acute toxicity, conducted with a dose of 1.24 ml/kg, no cases of animal death were observed. Additionally, in the study of subacute toxicity with doses of (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 ml/kg), no toxic effects on vital organs such as the liver and kidneys, as well as blood parameters, were observed. Finally, none of the blood parameters and histological characteristics of the studied organs were altered by the consumption of F. macrocolea essential oil. Therefore, it exhibits no significant toxicity and can be considered for potential effects on various diseases in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Dengue virus (DENV) infection, a mosquito-borne disease, presents a significant public health challenge globally, with diverse clinical manifestations. Although oral dengue manifestations are uncommon, they can serve as crucial diagnostic indicators and impact patient management in dental practice. This scoping review aims to map the evidence on the oral manifestations associated with DENV infection and their clinical implications for dental practice. Methods This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022337572). A comprehensive search was conducted across six electronic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and LILACS/BBO) up to June 2024. Eligible studies included case reports, case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies reporting oral manifestations in patients with DENV infection. Results A total of 41 studies were included, comprising 17 case reports, 15 retrospective cohort studies, 4 prospective cohort studies, and 5 cross-sectional studies. Gingival bleeding, oral ulceration, bilateral inflammatory increase in the parotid glands, and lingual hematoma were the most frequently reported oral manifestations. Less common manifestations included Ludwig’s angina, osteonecrosis of the jaw, and angular cheilitis. These findings suggest a broad spectrum of oral symptoms that could aid in the early identification and management of dengue patients. Conclusions This review highlights the importance of recognizing oral manifestations in dengue patients, which can facilitate early diagnosis and intervention, particularly in dengue-endemic regions. Dental professionals play a crucial role in identifying these symptoms and improving patient outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these manifestations and to develop standardized protocols for clinical assessment and management. Clinical relevance This paper highlights the role of dental professionals in early dengue diagnosis, emphasizing oral manifestations like gingival bleeding. It promotes interdisciplinary care, improving patient outcomes and management in dengue-endemic regions.

Oral lesions are common in dogs and cats, and determining the underlying etiology of these lesions can be challenging. A wide range of systemic ailments may lead to lesions in the oral cavity, including immune-mediated diseases, adverse drug reactions, viral and bacterial infections, and metabolic and autoimmune diseases. A complete history and thorough physical examination (including a fundic examination) should be obtained in affected patients. It is critical to perform a detailed oral examination, which in some patients may need to be performed under sedation or general anesthesia. Tailored diagnostic plans and a multidisciplinary approach are necessary to fully characterize co-morbid disorders in affected patients. This narrative review aims to aid veterinarians in recognizing oral manifestations of systemic disorders based on the most recent reports and available research.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, deep learning technologies have been increasingly applied in the field of oral medicine, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of oral imaging analysis and promoting the rapid development of intelligent oral medicine. OBJECTIVE: To elaborate the current research status, advantages, and limitations of deep learning based on oral imaging in the diagnosis and treatment decision-making of oral diseases, as well as future prospects, exploring new directions for the transformation of oral medicine under the backdrop of deep learning technology. METHODS: PubMed was searched for literature related to deep learning in oral medical imaging published from January 2017 to January 2024 with the search terms “deep learning, artificial intelligence, stomatology, oral medical imaging.” According to the inclusion criteria, 80 papers were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Classic deep learning models include artificial neural networks, convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and generative adversarial networks. Scholars have used these models in competitive or cooperative forms to achieve more efficient interpretation of oral medical images. (2) In the field of oral medicine, the diagnosis of diseases and the formulation of treatment plans largely depend on the interpretation of medical imaging data. Deep learning technology, with its strong image processing capabilities, aids in the diagnosis of diseases such as dental caries, periapical periodontitis, vertical root fractures, periodontal disease, and jaw cysts, as well as preoperative assessments for procedures such as third molar extraction and cervical lymph node dissection, helping clinicians improve the accuracy and efficiency of decision-making. (3) Although deep learning is promising as an important auxiliary tool for the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases, it still has certain limitations in model technology, safety ethics, and legal regulation. Future research should focus on demonstrating the scalability, robustness, and clinical practicality of deep learning, and finding the best way to integrate automated deep learning decision support systems into routine clinical workflows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: With the development and progress in the field of stomatology, oral implant technology has gradually become the mainstream alternative to traditional dentures. In recent years, the maturity of various bone increment techniques and the continuous development of the oral digital field have expanded the indications of dental implantation, and the success rate of implantation surgery is also increasing. However, it has become a difficult problem for some clinicians to use cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to accurately measure the residual alveolar ridge bone mass before implantation and to make a suitable implantation plan. OBJECTIVE: To measure the residual alveolar ridge bone mass in the proposed implant area of the mandibular first molar using the CBCT. METHODS: In a retrospective study design, the CBCT images of 205 patients with mandibular first molar loss were included to measure the height and width of the residual alveolar ridge in the proposed implant area of the mandibular first molar. The residual alveolar ridges were divided into four categories: I, II, III and IV (Class II, III, and IV residual alveolar ridge defined as insufficient bone). Statistical analyses were conducted in terms of frequency distribution of residual alveolar ridge height, width, and morphology of the mandibular first molar, differences in residual alveolar ridge height and alveolar ridge crest width of the mandibular first molar in patients of different sexes, correlation of the residual alveolar ridge height with the crest width and bottom width of the residual alveolar ridge, as well as correlation of age with the width and height of the residual alveolar ridge crest. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The average height of the residual alveolar ridge in the proposed implant area of the mandibular first molar was (12.14±2.96) mm, of which 43.41% (89/205) were less than 12 mm. The average width of the residual alveolar ridge in the proposed implant area of the mandibular first molar was (6.80±1.65) mm, of which 26.34% (54/205) were less than 6 mm. (2) The height of the residual alveolar ridge of the mandibular first molar was higher in males than in females, with no significant difference (P > 0.05), and the width of the residual alveolar ridge of the mandibular first molar was significantly wider in males than in females (P < 0.01). (3) The height of the residual alveolar ridge was negatively correlated with the top and bottom width of the residual alveolar ridge (P < 0.01). Age showed a positive correlation with the residual alveolar ridge width (P < 0.05) and no significant correlation with the residual alveolar ridge height (P > 0.05). (4) The residual alveolar ridge of class I accounted for 58.05% (119/205), class II accounted for 9.27% (19/205), class III accounted for 20.49% (42/205), and class IV accounted for 12.19% (25/205), most of which were class III with insufficient remaining alveolar ridge bone mass. Clinicians need to individualize and design the optimal implantation plan based on the type of residual alveolar ridge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The deformation of oral and maxillofacial region leads to not only the damage of morphology and function, but also a series of aesthetic and psychological problems, severely affecting the quality of life of patients. Oral tissue engineering refers to developing biomaterials for repair or regeneration, with the application of tissue engineering technologies. This has become an area of increasing prominence. Current biologically inert materials are insufficient to fulfill clinical requirements. Therefore, tissue-engineered biomaterials with bioactive, even bionic properties are desperately needed. Main body The complexity of the anatomy and the diversity of tissue types of oral and maxillofacial region pose great challenges to the regeneration, in the aspects of both biomaterials and manufacturing technologies. Biomaterials in clinical practice or research have evolved from natural materials to synthetic materials, from homogeneous materials to multiple composite materials. And now composite materials have increasingly demonstrated their advantages in terms of physicochemical and biological properties over conventional materials. In terms of manufacturing, traditional coating, sintering, and milling technologies can no longer satisfy the requirements for high-precision bionic structures of oral-tissue-engineering biomaterials. Scientists have turned to biofabrication technologies such as microfluidics and additive manufacturing. Short conclusion This review aims to summarize the noteworthy advancements made in biomaterials of oral tissue engineering. We outlined the current biomaterials and manufacturing technologies and focused on various applications of these materials that may be connected to clinical treatment and research. We also suggested the future direction of development for biomaterials in oral tissue engineering. In future, biomaterials characterized by precision, functionalization, and individualization will be manufactured through digital, microfluidic, and 3D printing technologies. Graphical abstract

Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) when combined with computed tomography (CT) offers an accurate extent of disease and provides additional information regarding nodal and distant metastases. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding PET in head and neck cancers among oral physicians in south India. Methodology: It was a web-based cross-sectional survey done with a customized questionnaire among dentists with postgraduate specialization in oral medicine and radiology in southern parts of India. The response rate was 75%. Results: The mean age of the participants was 37.6 years, and the mean years of their clinical experience were 10.3. Almost 95% were aware that PET CT helps in detecting distant metastases, 82% of them knew that PET CT helps in assessing treatment response and in detecting recurrence. 62% were uncertain about the actual need for a PET CT scan. About 74.1% of the physicians strongly wanted to include the imaging procedures and interpretations in the postgraduate curriculum. Conclusion: This study leads to recommendations to add PET CT procedures and interpretations to the postgraduate curriculum and to conduct workshops at the annual conferences of the specialty to help update their knowledge in this field.

Simple Summary: This article aims to provide a first-of-its-kind summary of the literature on oral capillaroscopy—a non-invasive technique used to study the structure of tiny blood vessels beneath the mouth's surface in different conditions and lesions. This research has shown that oral capillaroscopy can provide both qualitative and quantitative insights into the health of these microvessels and highlight differences and peculiarities in specific diseases and conditions. This technology has promising applications in oral pathology and oncology, where it can be used to study cancer-related blood vessel growth in real time and monitor chronic inflammatory diseases. Future research may focus on using capillaroscopy to image oral potentially malignant disorders and better understand their microvascular components for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. The oral cavity may suffer from diseases and lesions of different natures that can result in changes to the underlying microvasculature. These changes are typically observed during the examination of biopsy samples, but there is still a need to investigate methods for characterizing them in live tissues. Capillaroscopy, a medical imaging technique using polarized light and magnification, has shown promise in providing enhanced imaging of the oral mucosa microvasculature in preliminary studies. The present work proposed to review the literature on what capillaroscopy is, its applications in the imaging of oral mucosa microvasculature, and its diagnostic and prognostic significance in various diseases and conditions. While there is the limited literature available, further research in oral capillaroscopy, particularly in the field of oral oncology, is needed to determine its potential benefits in diagnosing and predicting outcomes for potentially malignant oral disorders and cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xerostomia, commonly known as dry mouth, is characterized by reduced salivary secretion, which can lead to various oral health issues and discomfort. In this paper, we propose a novel, non-invasive method for predicting xerostomia through the analysis of tongue images. To predict salivary gland secretion from tongue images, we collected images from patients who visited the hospital with complaints of dry mouth and measured their saliva secretion. Features were extracted from these tongue images, and correlation analysis was performed using machine learning techniques to assess the relationship between the extracted features and measured saliva secretion. We obtained tongue images and saliva secretion measurements from 176 patients. Images were cropped to 100 × 100 pixels, resulting in 462 features. The dataset was divided into training and test sets, consisting of 160 and 16 samples, respectively. The correlation coefficients for the training and test datasets were 0.9496 and 0.9415, respectively, while the correlation coefficient for the entire dataset was 0.9482. The estimated linear equation was y = 0.9244x + 2.1664. This study aimed to predict salivary gland secretion based on tongue images. By extracting features from color images and employing a neural network machine learning model, we estimated salivary gland secretion. With a sufficiently large dataset of tongue images, further advancements in regression analysis using deep learning techniques could enhance the accuracy of these predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Granuloma Faciale-Like Lesion of the Palate: A Previously Unreported Entity" published in Oral Diseases in 2024 describes a rare case of a granuloma faciale-like lesion in the oral cavity of a 75-year-old woman. The lesion resembled granuloma faciale histologically and showed signs of vasculitis and fibrinoid necrosis. The patient experienced spontaneous healing after biopsy, and treatment with topical dapsone and tacrolimus prevented recurrence. This case represents a unique instance of a mucosal granuloma faciale-like lesion, distinct from eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis. [Extracted from the article]

The most prevalent diseases in the oral medicine field have bacterial and fungal origins. Different therapeutic ways are available for oral diseases; however, the most crucial disadvantage of traditional drug therapies is their side effects. As a result, researchers are looking for new herbal medicines to treat oral diseases. Recently Punica granatum has received the attention of researchers due to its numerous benefits. This review provides an overview of pomegranate's impacts on oral health and oral microbiome in addition to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other valuable features. Pomegranate can be used as an herbal cure, and scientists are encouraged to use it in cancer prevention. Moreover, characteristics, chemical composition, bactericidal action, and therapeutic uses are discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain condition affecting the oral cavity. This condition mostly affects peri‐ or postmenopausal women; for this reason, sexual hormonal changes have been implicated in BMS pathogenesis. Methods: A systematic review was performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and EMBASE without restriction for language or year. Eligibility criteria were controlled studies addressing the PICO question: (P) patients with BMS; (I) detection of the sex hormones; (C) patients without BMS; (O) changes on sexual hormones as a risk factor for BMS severity. Risk of bias was performed with Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Results: Four studies were included. Salivary levels were evaluated in three studies and serum blood was used in one. Three studies analysed oestradiol and/or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), two assessed progesterone and one evaluated follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH). Oestradiol results were contradictory, with two studies reporting lower levels in BMS patients compared to controls and one finding the opposite. DHEA was statistically lower in the BMS group in one study. Progesterone showed opposite results in two studies, although none with statistical significance. FSH was statistically higher in the BMS group compared to controls. Correlation of hormones with quality of life was performed in three studies and there was no significant correlation with self‐perceived symptoms severity. Conclusion: Sexual hormones can be altered in BMS, especially oestradiol. Despite these changes, we did not find correlation between hormone fluctuation and BMS symptoms intensity affecting quality of life. These findings suggested the need for further investigation on hormonal alterations, which may be a promising target on BMS management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early diagnosis of oral lichen planus (OLP) is challenging, which traditionally is dependent on clinical experience and subjective interpretation. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been widely applied in objective and rapid diagnoses. In this study, we aim to investigate the potential of AI diagnosis in OLP and evaluate its effectiveness in improving diagnostic accuracy and accelerating clinical decision making. A total of 128 confirmed OLP patients were included, and lesion images from various anatomical sites were collected. The diagnosis was performed using AI platforms, including ChatGPT-4O, ChatGPT (Diagram-Date extension), and Claude Opus, for AI directly identification and AI pre-training identification. After OLP feature training, the diagnostic accuracy of the AI platforms significantly improved, with the overall recognition rates of ChatGPT-4O, ChatGPT (Diagram-Date extension), and Claude Opus increasing from 59%, 68%, and 15% to 77%, 80%, and 50%, respectively. Additionally, the pre-training recognition rates for buccal mucosa reached 94%, 93%, and 56%, respectively. However, the AI platforms performed less effectively when recognizing lesions in less common sites and complex cases; for instance, the pre-training recognition rates for the gums were only 60%, 60%, and 20%, demonstrating significant limitations. The study highlights the strengths and limitations of different AI technologies and provides a reference for future AI applications in oral medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For some years now, the Meknes Military Hospital has been practising retrocession of oral anticancer drugs. This practice makes patient information and educational follow-up imperative, despite the lack of staff limiting the development of this activity. This study involved setting up pharmaceutical interviews for the first time in our institution. Material and method: This was a single-centre, cross-sectional, descriptive, prospective study carried out by a 'doctor working on a thesis - clinical pharmacist' pair over a period of four months in the dispensing unit for expensive products in the pharmacy department of the Meknes military hospital. Two pharmacy assistants were in charge of dispensing. This study comprises four phases: 1) assessment of the educational needs of patients and staff responsible for dispensing oral anticancer drugs; 2) development and validation of a dispensing assistance manual for pharmacy assistants and advice sheets on oral anticancer therapies for patients in dialectal Arabic and French; 3) introduction of pharmaceutical interviews; 4) evaluation of the results of the approach. Results: Out of a total of 155 people interviewed, our study reached 110 respondents before the medicopharmaceutical intervention (participation rate: 70.6%), and 140 respondents after the educational intervention (participation rate: 90.3%). The two dispensing chemists agreed to take part in the study. The study population was characterised by a low level of education and particularly precarious socio-economic conditions, 52.7% being unemployed. Prior to the educational intervention, 92 patients (83.6%) were unaware of their treatments, 100% of this sample were unaware of possible interactions with other drugs, 50% did not know what their associated treatments were for, and 84.5% practised self-medication, mainly to relieve their side effects. Motivated by the wish expressed by the unit's dispensing staff, the design of a dispensing aid manual containing information sheets targeting the main questions asked by our patients about the 18 oral specialities dispensed by the unit made it possible to introduce pharmaceutical interviews, which largely compensated for this lack of knowledge. Conclusion: Our study analysed the educational needs of our cancer patients and assessed the knowledge and communication practices of the dispensing staff. This enabled us to identify gaps and develop a dispensing support manual. The next stage could be the introduction of ongoing training modules for dispensing staff and advice and support sessions for patients. A mobile application is being designed in connection with this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)