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1. Map-based soil crusting susceptibility assessment using pedotransfer Rules, CORINE and NDVI: A preliminary study in Greece

Author

Mina Karamesouti, Orestis Kairis, Dionisios Gasparatos, and Tobia Lakes

Subjects
Land degradation, Soil mapping, Mediterranean area, MODIS, Seasonality, Problem semantics, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Map-based assessment of land degradation processes supports national monitoring and protection of the soil resources, in line with the Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) initiatives. Soil crusting susceptibility, a complex expression of land degradation, with fundamental impact on soil functions, has not yet been estimated in Greek territory. To address this knowledge gap, current research uses well-known pedotransfer rules (PRLeB), partially adjusted to suit the local soil database format. The PRLeB, already applied at European scale, examine the soil crusting problem as a function of fundamental soil characteristics. From the first analysis a paradox emerged. Moderately and highly crusting prone soils were encountered in forested areas. This paradox indicated the need for a second formalization of the soil crusting problem (ePRLeB). The CORINE Land Cover (CLC) 2018 and a seasonal vegetation cover index (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index -NDVI) were used to divide the study area into categories and to capture the temporal variability of the problem, accordingly. Three land use categories emerged. The water bodies and the artificial areas were characterized as Non-evaluated areas (NE). Areas with considerable vegetation coverage (NDVI greater than 0.5) were characterized as Non-prone to crusting (NC), and the rest of the areas were characterized as Potentially prone to crusting (PC). The PRLeB approach was applied only to the PC areas. In both formalizations, the physicochemical and textural aspects of soil crusting adopted the same PRLeB. With the first formalization, 15% and 39% of the soils in Greece were characterized as very low and low susceptible to soil crusting respectively. With the second formalization 58 – 63% of the soils were characterized by no and 5 – 7% by very low crusting susceptibility. Current work explored two fundamentally different facets of the soil crusting problem. The first formalization, which can be expressed as the soil susceptibility to crusting, considers crusting as an inherent soil process. The second formalization, expressed as soil crusting susceptibility encounters crusting as a complex phenomenon involving natural but not anthropogenic factors. The study indicated that vegetation and seasonality are important factors in the map-based assessment of the observable soil crusting phenomenon. Also, it was highlighted that the unambiguous problem specification is a critical aspect for complex problem assessment and communication, particularly within an interdisciplinary context.

Published
2023
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2. Identifying Degraded and Sensitive to Desertification Agricultural Soils in Thessaly, Greece, under Simulated Future Climate Scenarios

Author

Orestis Kairis, Andreas Karamanos, Dimitrios Voloudakis, John Kapsomenakis, Chrysoula Aratzioglou, Christos Zerefos, and Constantinos Kosmas

Subjects
climate change, soil erosion, land desertification, Agriculture
Abstract

The impact of simulated future climate change on land degradation was assessed in three representative study sites of Thessaly, Greece, one of the country’s most important agronomic zones. Two possible scenarios were used for estimation of future climatic conditions, which were based on greenhouse gas emissions (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Three time periods were selected: the reference past period 1981–2000 for comparison, and the future periods 2041–2060 and 2081–2100. Based on soil characteristics, past and future climate conditions, type of land uses, and land management prevailing in the study area, the Environmentally Sensitive to desertification Areas (ESAs) were assessed for each period using the MEDALUS-ESAI index. Soil losses derived by water and tillage erosion were also assessed for the future periods using existing empirical equations. Furthermore, primary soil salinization risk was assessed using an algorithm of individual indicators related to the natural environment or socio-economic characteristics. The obtained data by both climatic scenarios predicted increases in mean maximum and mean minimum air temperature. Concerning annual precipitation, reductions are generally expected for the three study sites. Desertification risk in the future is expected to increase in comparison to the reference period. Soil losses are estimated to be more important in sloping areas, due especially to tillage erosion in at least one study site. Primary salinization risk is expected to be higher in one study site and in soils under poorly drainage conditions.

Published
2022
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3. Detailed Soil Survey Field and Laboratory Data as a Critical Tool for Optimizing the Arable Cropping Capability Evaluation of a Representative Episaturated Soil Pedon in Greece

Author

Dionisios Gasparatos and Orestis Kairis

Subjects
soil survey, redoximorphosis, episaturation, soil capability, agricultural production, Agriculture
Abstract

The objective of the present work is to contribute to the examination of the interconnections between soil classification/soil mapping and soil capability for agricultural use. A pedon scale analytical field along with laboratory data of an episaturated agricultural soil of Thessaly (Greece), allowed for the optimization of soil fertility class evaluation and its corresponding agricultural value. Specific soil properties, low chroma colors and the distribution of redoximorphic features within the soil profile (Fe-Mn concretions) revealed the presence of impermeable argillic horizons, resulting in a perched water table in late winter and spring. The evaluation of the soil pedon was carried out through the accurate parameterization and implementation of a technical soil classification system and a soil rating method, both of which are well known worldwide, and which use detailed soil survey data. The results confirmed the general principle that only by using detailed soil survey field and laboratory data can any technical soil classification system or soil rating method be adapted and properly applied. Both the classification system and the scoring methodology of the soil profile reached the same conclusion: characterizing the studied soil as of good potential for general arable cropping or as of fair agricultural value. This was achieved only by considering the phenomenon of episaturation, which emerged from the plethora of detailed soil survey data, guiding the classification system and the scoring methodology to produce reliability and represent real situation results.

Published
2022
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4. A Comparative Analysis of a Detailed and Semi-Detailed Soil Mapping for Sustainable Land Management Using Conventional and Currently Applied Methodologies in Greece

Author

Orestis Kairis, Vassiliki Dimitriou, Chrysoula Aratzioglou, Dionisios Gasparatos, Nicholas Yassoglou, Constantinos Kosmas, and Nikolaos Moustakas

Subjects
soil survey, soil classification, soil mapping, botanical garden, Agriculture
Abstract

Two soil mapping methodologies at different scales applied in the same area were compared in order to investigate the potential of their combined use to achieve an integrated and more accurate soil description for sustainable land use management. The two methodologies represent the main types of soil mapping systems used and still applied in soil surveys in Greece. Diomedes Botanical Garden (DBG) (Athens, Greece) was used as a study area because past cartographic data of soil survey were available. The older soil survey data were obtained via the conventional methodology extensively used over time since the beginnings of soil mapping in Greece (1977). The second mapping methodology constitutes the current soil mapping system in Greece recently used for compilation of the national soil map. The obtained cartographic and soil data resulting from the application of the two methodologies were analyzed and compared using appropriate geospatial techniques. Even though the two mapping methodologies have been performed at different mapping scales, using partially different mapping symbols and different soil classification systems, the description of the soils based on the cartographic symbols of the two methodologies presented an agreement of 63.7% while the soil classification by the two taxonomic systems namely Soil Taxonomy and World Reference Base for Soil Resources had an average coincidence of 69.5%.

Published
2020
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5. Μελέτη παραγόντων που επηρεάζουν την ερημοποίηση των γαιών

Author

Orestis Kairis

Abstract

Δύο ευαίσθητες περιοχές στην ερημοποίηση, αντιπροσωπευτικές του Μεσογειακού περιβάλλοντος με σημαντικές για τις Ελληνικές συνθήκες χρήσεις γης, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ως πεδία έρευνας της παρούσας διατριβής. Οι περιοχές αυτές που χαρακτηρίζονται από διαφορετικά εδαφοκλιματικά χαρακτηριστικά και εντάσεις χρήσεων γης καταλαμβάνουν κατά προσέγγιση έκταση ενός εκατομμυρίου στρεμμάτων και βρίσκονται στους νομούς Χανίων και Ηρακλείου της νήσου Κρήτης. Σημαντικό τμήμα των περιοχών αυτών χαρτογραφήθηκε και μελετήθηκε ως προς τα εδάφη, την αναπτυσσόμενη βλάστηση και το κλίμα ενώ παράλληλα με τη χρήση ερωτηματολογίων και τη συμμετοχή των τοπικών παραγωγών καταγράφτηκαν σε επίπεδο αγροκτήματος ένα σύνολο από 70 βιοφυσικούς και κοινωνικοοικονομικούς δείκτες σε δείγμα 171 αγροκτημάτων (τοπικό επίπεδο). Στο πλαίσιο της παρούσας διατριβής και της υλοποίησης του ερευνητικού προγράμματος DESIRE παραχωρήθηκε η χρήση των δεδομένων 1785 αντίστοιχων ερωτηματολογίων από 18 περιοχές έρευνας παγκόσμιας κλίμακας (περιφερειακό επίπεδο). Σε δύο από τις κύριες χρήσεις γης (ελαιώνας και βοσκότοπος) των περιοχών έρευνας της Κρήτης εγκαταστάθηκαν για τρία χρόνια (2008-2011) αυτόματοι σταθμοί καταγραφής εδαφικών και μετεωρολογικών δεδομένων με σκοπό την ποσοτική εκτίμηση της επιφανειακής υδατικής διάβρωσης και της απώλειας εδαφικού ιζήματος σε διάφορες παραδοσιακές καλλιεργητικές πρακτικές και εντάσεις χρήσης.Τα δύο προαναφερόμενα δείγματα των ερωτηματολογίων (περιφερειακής και τοπικής κλίμακας) αναλύθηκαν στατιστικά προκειμένου να εξαχθούν οι πιο σημαντικοί δείκτες που επηρεάζουν τον κίνδυνο ερημοποίησης των γαιών ανά διεργασία υποβάθμισης και κυρίως εξαιτίας της επιφανειακής υδατικής διάβρωσης σε περιφερειακό και τοπικό επίπεδο. Ειδικά σε τοπικό επίπεδο και συγκεκριμένα στα δεδομένα των ερωτηματολογίων της Κρήτης εφαρμόστηκε μια καινοτόμος στρατηγική στη στατιστική ανάλυση με την εκτέλεση διερευνητικών μη παραμετρικών πολυμεταβλητών στατιστικών ελέγχων και τη χρήση της εκτιμώμενης στον αγρό ιδιότητας του βαθμού διάβρωσης. Χρησιμοποιώντας τα αποτελέσματα της πειραματικής καταγραφής της επιφανειακής υδατικής διάβρωσης και της απώλειας εδαφικού ιζήματος για τρία χρόνια αξιολογήθηκε η επίδραση διαφορετικών καλλιεργητικών πρακτικών και διαχειρίσεων των γαιών στην ερημοποίηση λόγω διάβρωσης σε δύο αντιπροσωπευτικές χρήσεις γης του Μεσογειακού περιβάλλοντος. Επίσης με τα δεδομένα των τριετών μετρήσεων πραγματοποιήθηκε πειραματική επιβεβαίωση του εκτιμώμενου με χρήση της μεθοδολογίας P.E.S.E.R.A. (Pan–European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment) κινδύνου διάβρωσης σε επίπεδο αγροτεμαχίου (τοπική κλίμακα) δεδομένου ότι το μοντέλο είχε ήδη προσαρμοσθεί στις μεσογειακές και ειδικά στις ελληνικές συνθήκες από παλαιότερες εργασίες. Ολοκληρώνοντας τις προσεγγίσεις της μελέτης του φαινομένου της ερημοποίησης των γαιών πραγματοποιήθηκε η εφαρμογή των μεθοδολογιών P.E.S.E.R.A. και E.S.A. (Environmentally Sensitive Areas) σε περιφερειακό επίπεδο για την περιοχή μελέτης του νομού Χανίων και στις συνθήκες 28 διαφορετικών σεναρίων καλλιεργητικών πρακτικών και διαχείρισης των γαιών με στόχο τη συγκριτική ανάλυση των σεναρίων διαχείρισης και καλλιέργειας των γαιών ως προς τον κίνδυνο διάβρωσης και ερημοποίησης σε επίπεδο νομού. Το λογικό πλαίσιο που αναπτύχθηκε στην παρούσα διατριβή σε συνδυασμό με την εμπειρική ανάλυση που βασίστηκε σε περιγραφική, διερευνητική, επαγωγική και πολυπαραγοντική στατιστική επεξεργασία, επιτρέπει την εκτίμηση του κινδύνου ερημοποίησης των γαιών, με τη χρήση περιορισμένου αριθμού δεικτών, σε περιοχές διαφορετικής περιβαλλοντικής ευαισθησίας αξιοποιώντας δεδομένα περιφερειακού ή τοπικού επιπέδου. Καθώς επιτόπιες ποσοτικές μετρήσεις της επιφανειακής υδατικής διάβρωσης και της απώλειας εδαφικού ιζήματος είναι σπάνιες η αξία της χρήσης των πειραματικών δεδομένων για την αξιολόγηση της συνεισφοράς συγκεκριμένων καλλιεργητικών πρακτικών στην αειφορία του περιβάλλοντος σε επίπεδο αγροκτήματος είναι ανεκτίμητη. Η πειραματική αξιολόγηση των καλλιεργητικών πρακτικών είναι δυνατόν να ανατρέψει λανθασμένες αντιλήψεις για την καλλιέργεια των γαιών και την προστασία του περιβάλλοντος αποτρέποντας περαιτέρω υποβαθμίσεις. Επιπρόσθετα με τη χρήση αξιόπιστων επιστημονικών μοντέλων προσομοίωσης της επιφανειακής υδατικής διάβρωσης (P.E.S.E.R.A.) για την εκτίμηση του κινδύνου διάβρωσης και εκτίμησης του κινδύνου ερημοποίησης (E.S.A.) καθίσταται εφικτή η εξακρίβωση της επίδρασης των παραδοσιακών ή καινοτόμων πρακτικών στην αειφορία των φυσικών πόρων σε περιφερειακή κλίμακα. Τέτοιου είδους προσομοιώσεις είναι δυνατόν να θεωρηθούν ως πολύτιμα «εργαλεία» για τους έχοντες την ευθύνη λήψης πολιτικών αποφάσεων που αφορούν τη γεωργία και το περιβάλλον.

Published
2021
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6. A Comparative Analysis of a Detailed and Semi-Detailed Soil Mapping for Sustainable Land Management Using Conventional and Currently Applied Methodologies in Greece

Author

N. Moustakas, Constantinos Kosmas, Nicholas Yassoglou, Vassiliki Dimitriou, Orestis Kairis, Chrysoula Aratzioglou, and Dionisios Gasparatos

Subjects
botanical garden, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Soil survey, lcsh:Agriculture, World Reference Base for Soil Resources, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, USDA soil taxonomy, Soil map, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Land use, business.industry, Environmental resource management, lcsh:S, Soil classification, soil classification, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil type, soil mapping, soil survey, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, business
Abstract

Two soil mapping methodologies at different scales applied in the same area were compared in order to investigate the potential of their combined use to achieve an integrated and more accurate soil description for sustainable land use management. The two methodologies represent the main types of soil mapping systems used and still applied in soil surveys in Greece. Diomedes Botanical Garden (DBG) (Athens, Greece) was used as a study area because past cartographic data of soil survey were available. The older soil survey data were obtained via the conventional methodology extensively used over time since the beginnings of soil mapping in Greece (1977). The second mapping methodology constitutes the current soil mapping system in Greece recently used for compilation of the national soil map. The obtained cartographic and soil data resulting from the application of the two methodologies were analyzed and compared using appropriate geospatial techniques. Even though the two mapping methodologies have been performed at different mapping scales, using partially different mapping symbols and different soil classification systems, the description of the soils based on the cartographic symbols of the two methodologies presented an agreement of 63.7% while the soil classification by the two taxonomic systems namely Soil Taxonomy and World Reference Base for Soil Resources had an average coincidence of 69.5%.

Published
2020

8. A desertification risk assessment decision support tool (DRAST)

Author

Nikolaos A. Skondras, Ruzica Stricevic, Elpida Kolokytha, Coen J. Ritsema, Victor Jetten, Giovanni Quaranta, Constantinos Kosmas, Rudi Hessel, Stavros Alexandris, Demetrios V. Stamatakos, Panagiotis D. Oikonomou, Demetrios E. Tsesmelis, Jane Brandt, Christos A. Karavitis, Branislav Todorovic, Emmanuel Chatzigeorgiadis, Nicky Geeson, N. Moustakas, V. Fassouli, Constantina G. Vasilakou, Orestis Kairis, Department of Earth Systems Analysis, UT-I-ITC-4DEarth, and Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation

Subjects
Decision support system, Water en Landgebruik, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Process (engineering), Computer science, Land and water resources management, media_common.quotation_subject, Land management, Desertification indicators, Web-based systems, Decision support systems, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Bodem, Soil, Water and Land Use, Expert systems, Strategies to combat desertification, Environmental planning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, media_common, WIMEK, Desertification risk, business.industry, Water and Land Use, 22/2 OA procedure, Information technology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, PE&RC, Desertification assessment, Expert system, Bodem, Water en Landgebruik, Water resources, Soil Physics and Land Management, Desertification, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, business, Risk assessment, computer
Abstract

Desertification constantly and diachronically manifested itself as one of the most critical environmental issues to be confronted and mitigated by society. This work presents the development of a land desertification risk Expert System (ES) for assessing the application of different land management practices by utilizing indicators through a desertification risk index (DRI). The DRI was developed by a desertification risk assessment framework generated in seventeen study sites worldwide. This assessment was performed through a methodological process incorporating indicators suited to a plethora of physical, social and economic characteristics. Then, the Desertification Risk Assessment Support Tool (DRAST) was created using the indicators' methodology in an effort to efficiently handle complexity and variability in soil and water resources management. To demonstrate DRAST's applicability, an independent data base of indicators was used, and the tool was employed in all the seventeen study sites. Five indicative sites, experiencing different desertification processes, are selected as key representatives of the methodological process implementation. Overall, the assessment depicted that DRAST performs appropriately in demarcating existing desertification risk as well as in portraying how the desertification risk changes after the application of pertinent mitigation actions. Thus, the current approach may lead towards a standardized procedure, which is using the advantages of information technology to assess the effectiveness of various land management practices and facilitate stakeholders and decision-makers to produce and implement timely and appropriate responses to combat desertification.

Published
2020

9. Farming practices and biodiversity: Evidence from a Mediterranean semi-extensive system on the island of Lemnos (North Aegean, Greece)

Author

Kalliopi Avanidou, Konstantinos Kosmas, Maria Panitsa, Stefan Meyer, Danae Sfakianou, Dimitra Grigoropoulou, Dionisios Perdikis, Nicholas M. Georgiadis, Eletherios Kakalis, Orestis Kairis, George Dimitropoulos, Nikos Tsiopelas, Erwin Bergmeier, Thymios Dimopoulos, Sofia Dervisoglou, Penelope J. Bebeli, Thanasis Kizos, and I. Hadjigeorgiou

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Agroecosystem, Mediterranean climate, Farms, Environmental Engineering, Biodiversity, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Animals, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, 2. Zero hunger, Greece, Agroforestry, business.industry, Agriculture, Plant community, General Medicine, Ecotone, 15. Life on land, Geography, Habitat, Rangeland, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The management of agroecosystems affects biodiversity at all levels from genetic to food-web complexity. Low-input farming systems support higher levels of genetic, species and habitat diversity than high-input, industrial ones. In Greece, as in other Mediterranean countries, the role of traditional farming practices has been underlined in studies concerning conservation in agricultural landscapes. With this study, we aim to provide evidence for the potential of semi-extensive farming for biodiversity conservation at landscape-scale, focusing on Lemnos, a medium-sized island in the North Aegean. Evidence was gathered by species- and community-level local-scale surveys on various trophic levels (vascular plants, arthropods, birds). The surveys took place in 2018 and 2019 in 25 sampling areas comprising 106 plots of 100 m2 (vascular plants, arthropods) and 57 points where bird species were recorded. The plots were classified into three landscape types: mosaic agriculture, mixed rangelands and uniform rangelands. The releves of Lemnos farmlands were assigned to plant communities of 18 phytosociological alliances, grouped into 12 classes. The most abundant arthropods were Coleoptera, Chilopoda, and Hymenoptera, followed by Opiliones and Isopoda, while 133 different bird species were recorded in total, including the recording for the first time on the island of five species. Farming on Lemnos is rather extensive compared to most agricultural landscapes of Europe. Our approach has demonstrated that, given the geographic characteristics of the area, the measured data reveal very high biodiversity. Our explorative findings suggest that moderate seasonal grazing, the mixed habitat mosaic with ecotones, fallow and stubble fields at the landscape scale, and the small size of fields, the kinds of crop, and farm-scale crop diversification, like mixed cultivation and crop rotation, are key practices supporting this diversity. These explorative findings are considered as a first step providing the baseline for future assessments. A wider effort, for systematic evaluation of the impacts of farming practices to biodiversity, is required, as part of a subsidized agri-environmental scheme and/or through a market-oriented product certification system for the area.

Published
2022
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10. The Effect of Land Management Practices on Soil Quality Indicators in Crete

Author

Orestis Kairis, Costas Kosmas, Athanasios Filis, Chrysoula Aratzioglou, and Michel van Mol

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, TJ807-830, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, TD194-195, 01 natural sciences, Renewable energy sources, Cation-exchange capacity, GE1-350, soil quality, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Topsoil, Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, land management, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, soil threats, Soil quality, indicators, Environmental sciences, Tillage, Soil structure, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil color
Abstract

The effects of four main practices tillage versus no-tillage, and intensive grazing versus extensive grazing, applied in characteristic agricultural and grazing lands of Crete Island were evaluated in situ using nine soil quality indicators. The following nine representative indicators of soil quality were evaluated using the rapid visual assessment methodology adopted at European level in the context of the EU research project iSQAPER: susceptibility to water and wind erosion, surface ponding (under cropping), formation of tillage pan, soil color, soil porosity, soil structure, susceptibility to slaking, infiltration rate, and biodiversity status. These indicators were measured in 48 agricultural field-plots to adequately represent the four above-mentioned practices and the different types of geomorphological patterns existing in the area. Additionally, 38 agricultural fields were sampled in the topsoil to assess cultivation practices (tillage, no-tillage) on soil organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable potassium, available phosphorous, and soil aggregate stability. Based on the indicators rating methodology, the appropriate statistical tests were applied and the soils under different managements were characterized in terms of their potential quality and their general agricultural value. The obtained data showed that in agricultural areas, significant differences were detected between tillage and no-tillage management practices for the indicators of soil structure and consistency and infiltration rate. In grazing land, significant differences were found for the soil quality indicators of susceptibility to erosion and infiltration rate for the corresponding practices of intensive and extensive grazing. Organic carbon content, exchangeable potassium content and aggregate stability were greatly affected in tillage versus no-tillage management practices.

Published
2021
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11. Spatial variability of the relationships of runoff and sediment yield with weather types throughout the Mediterranean basin

Author

G. Desir, José María Senciales-González, Patricio Cid, Álvaro Gómez-Gutiérrez, Luis Merino-Martín, Carla Ferreira, Tíscar Espigares, Miguel A. Campo-Bescós, Albert Solé-Benet, Asunción Romero-Díaz, Julián Martínez-Fernández, Damien Raclot, Damià Vericat, Agata Novara, María Martínez-Mena, C. Le Bouteiller, Encarnación V. Taguas, Francesca Todisco, Antonio Canatário-Duarte, Luciano Mateos, Francesc Gallart, José Andrés López-Tarazón, Susana Bernal, Emmanouil A. Varouchakis, Y. Le Bissonnais, Mariano Moreno-de las Heras, Noemí Lana-Renault, A. Zabaleta, Dhais Peña-Angulo, M. Mercedes Taboada-Castro, Lea Wittenberg, Ramon J. Batalla, Vito Ferro, Susanne Schnabel, Xavier Úbeda, Victor Castillo, Matija Zorn, José Carlos González-Hidalgo, Ramón Bienes, Juan Albaladejo, M.T. Taboada-Castro, Feliciana Licciardello, C. Marín, V. Simonneaux, Óscar González-Pelayo, George P. Karatzas, H. Barhi, Roberto Lázaro, E. Roose, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino, Joan Estrany, Julián Campo, Elvira Díaz-Pereira, José Luis Rubio, Sébastien Klotz, Artemio Cerdà, Javier Casalí, Vicente Andreu, Helena Gómez-Macpherson, Nicolle Mathys, Yolanda Cantón, Estela Nadal-Romero, Teodoro Lasanta, Nicola Cortesi, Orestis Kairis, Rafael Giménez, Maria Jose Marques, María Fernández-Raga, A. Cheggour, José Damián Ruiz-Sinoga, Vincenzo Pampalone, José A. Gómez, Vincenzo Bagarello, Paloma Hueso-Gonzalez, José M. Nicolau, Ana Lucía, N. Moustakas, Costas Kosmas, M. L. Rodríguez-Blanco, Jérôme Latron, E. Gimeno, Juan F. Martínez-Murillo, Govern de les Illes Balears, Generalitat de Catalunya, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Universidad de Lleida, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España), Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Ambientales (IUCA), Departamento de Geografía, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE), Soil and Water Conservation Research Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura, Desertification Research Centre, Department of Environmental Quality and Soils, CIDE-CSIC, Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural, Eaux et Forêts de Tunisie (INRGREF), Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Faculty of Forest Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad Austral de Chile, RIUS, Fluvial Dynamics Research Group, University of Lleida (UL), Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group, Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Departamento Investigación Aplicada y Extensión Agraria, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), ISFOOD Institute, Department of Projects and Rural Engineering, Universidad Pública de Navarra, School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Center for GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering (GEOBIOTEC), Universidade da Beira Interior, Department of Agronomy (Soil Science Area), University of Almeria, Department of Geography, Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group, Université de Valence, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO), Maize Genetics and Genomics Lab, CINVESTAV, Department of Earth Sciences, Centro Nacional de Supercomputación, Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Unidad de Ecología, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (UAH), Department of Geography, Mediterranean Ecogeomorphological and Hydrological Connectivity Research Team (MEDhyCON), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, University of Leon, College of Agriculture, Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences [Palermo], Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Instituto de Agricultura, INTERRA Research Institute, University of Extremadura, Department of Environment and Planning, Earth Surface Processes Team (ESP) Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Department of Natural Resources Management and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Université Grenoble Alpes (COMUE) (UGA), Area of Physical Geography, DCH, Universidad de la Rioja, Experimental Station of Arid Zones (EEZA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Geography, Mediterranean Ecogeomorphological and Hydrological Connectivity Research Team (MEDhyCON) Hydrol Connect Res, Dept Geog, Palma De Mallorca 07122, Spain, Institute of Earth and Environmental Science [Potsdam], University of Potsdam, Faculty of Sciences, Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Instituto Hispano Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Universidad de Salamanca, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut d'Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Valéry (Montpellier 3), Université de Montpellier (UM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Bolivie]), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Ambientales, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of A Coruña (UDC), Physical Geography, Trier University, Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], UMR Eco&Sols, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, ETSIAM Campus Rabanales, Universidad de Cordoba, Department of Agriculture-Food and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Departamento de Geografía, Grup de Recerca Ambiental Mediterrània, University of Barcelona, Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Nairobi (UoN), Science and Technology Faculty, Hydro-Environmental Processes Research Group, University of the Basque Country (University of the Basque Country), Geographical Institute, Scientific Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU), MINECO-FEDER [CGL2014-52135-C3-3-R, CGL2014-59946-R, CGL2015-65569-R, CGL2015-64284-C2-2-R, PCIN-2017-061/AEI], Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MEC [RYC-2013-14371, RYC-2010-06264], Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation [SFRH/BPD/120093/2016], Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral contract from the MEC [IJCI-2015-26463], Vicenc Mut postdoctoral fellowship from the Autonomous Balearic Government [CAIB PD/038/2016], Secretariat for Universities and Research of the Department of the Economy and Knowledge of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia [2014 SGR 645], CERCA Programme, COST action CONNECTEUR [ES1306], University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural Eaux et Forêts (INRGREF), Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF)-Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles [Tunis] (IRESA), Instituto Catalán de Investigación del Agua - ICRA (SPAIN) (ICRA), Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Universidade de Aveiro, Universitat de València (UV), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible - Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS CSIC), Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT), Universidad de Córdoba = University of Córdoba [Córdoba], Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Pena-Angulo D., Nadal-Romero E., Gonzalez-Hidalgo J.C., Albaladejo J., Andreu V., Bagarello V., Barhi H., Batalla R.J., Bernal S., Bienes R., Campo J., Campo-Bescos M.A., Canatario-Duarte A., Canton Y., Casali J., Castillo V., Cerda A., Cheggour A., Cid P., Cortesi N., Desir G., Diaz-Pereira E., Espigares T., Estrany J., Fernandez-Raga M., Ferreira C.S.S., Ferro V., Gallart F., Gimenez R., Gimeno E., Gomez J.A., Gomez-Gutierrez A., Gomez-Macpherson H., Gonzalez-Pelayo O., Hueso-Gonzalez P., Kairis O., Karatzas G.P., Klotz S., Kosmas C., Lana-Renault N., Lasanta T., Latron J., Lazaro R., Le Bissonnais Y., Le Bouteiller C., Licciardello F., Lopez-Tarazon J.A., Lucia A., Marin C., Marques M.J., Martinez-Fernandez J., Martinez-Mena M., Martinez-Murillo J.F., Mateos L., Mathys N., Merino-Martin L., Moreno-de las Heras M., Moustakas N., Nicolau J.M., Novara A., Pampalone V., Raclot D., Rodriguez-Blanco M.L., Rodrigo-Comino J., Romero-Diaz A., Roose E., Rubio J.L., Ruiz-Sinoga J.D., Schnabel S., Senciales-Gonzalez J.M., Simonneaux V., Sole-Benet A., Taguas E.V., Taboada-Castro M.M., Taboada-Castro M.T., Todisco F., Ubeda X., Varouchakis E.A., Vericat D., Wittenberg L., Zabaleta A., Zorn M., Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Runoff, Erosion, Mediterranean basin, Sediment yield, Synoptic weather types, 0207 environmental engineering, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Hydrology (agriculture), Erosão, Produção de sedimentos, Escoamento, Bacia Mediterrânica, Soil retrogression and degradation, ddc:550, 020701 environmental engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Hydrology, Sediment, Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Soil conservation, Surface runoff
Abstract

Este artículo contiene 16 páginas, 6 figuras, 2 tablas., Soil degradation by water is a serious environmental problem worldwide, with specific climatic factors being the major causes. We investigated the relationships between synoptic atmospheric patterns (i.e. weather types, WTs) and runoff, erosion and sediment yield throughout the Mediterranean basin by analyzing a large database of natural rainfall events at 68 research sites in 9 countries. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify spatial relationships of the different WTs including three hydro-sedimentary variables: rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield (SY, used to refer to both soil erosion measured at plot scale and sediment yield registered at catchment scale). The results indicated 4 spatial classes of rainfall and runoff: (a) northern sites dependent on North (N) and North West (NW) flows; (b) eastern sites dependent on E and NE flows; (c) southern sites dependent on S and SE flows; and, finally, (d) western sites dependent on W and SW flows. Conversely, three spatial classes are identified for SY characterized by: (a) N and NE flows in northern sites (b) E flows in eastern sites, and (c) Wand SW flows in western sites. Most of the rainfall, runoff and SY occurred during a small number of daily events, and just a few WTs accounted for large percentages of the total. Our results confirm that characterization by WT improves understanding of the general conditions under which runoff and SY occur, and provides useful information for understanding the spatial variability of runoff, and SY throughout the Mediterranean basin. The approach used here could be useful to aid of the design of regional water management and soil conservation measures., This research was supported by projects funded by the MINECOFEDER: CGL2014-52135-C3-3-R, CGL2014-59946-R, CGL2015-65569- R, CGL2015-64284-C2-2-R, and PCIN-2017-061/AEI. When this manuscript was first submitted Estela Nadal-Romero and Damià Vericat received a “Ramón y Cajal” postdoctoral contract (RYC-2013-14371 and RYC‐2010‐06264, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MEC). Damià Vericat is now a Serra Húnter Fellow at the University of Lleida. María Fernández-Raga received a “José Castillejo” postdoctoral grant (Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports). Carla Ferreira was supported by a post-doctoral research grant from the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (SFRH/ BPD/120093/2016). Mariano Moreno-de las Heras received a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral contract (IJCI-2015-26463) from the MEC. José Andrés López-Tarazón received a Vicenç Mut postdoctoral fellowship from the Autonomous Balearic Government (CAIB PD/038/2016). José Andrés López-Tarazón and Ramon Batalla also acknowledge the Secretariat for Universities and Research of the Department of the Economy and Knowledge of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia for supporting the Consolidated Research Group 2014 SGR 645 (RIUSFluvial Dynamics Research Group), and the CERCA Programme. This paper has benefited from the Lab and Field Data Pool created within the framework of the COST action CONNECTEUR (ES1306).

Published
2019
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12. Erosion rate predictions from PESERA and RUSLE at a Mediterranean site before and after a wildfire: Comparison & implications

Author

Konstantinos Kosmas, Orestis Kairis, Ioannis Papanikolaou, George P. Petropoulos, and Mina Karamesouti

Subjects
Hydrology, Mediterranean climate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Soil Science, Context (language use), Soil classification, 02 engineering and technology, Vegetation, Soil type, 01 natural sciences, 020801 environmental engineering, Universal Soil Loss Equation, Erosion, Environmental science, Spatial variability, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Mediterranean ecosystems are commonly vulnerable to wildfires. Accelerated erosion processes due to wildfires in those environments constitute a major restrictive factor in their sustainability. This study aims at evaluating the use of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (PESERA) models in predicting the changes in spatial variability of soil erosion following a wildfire event. A site in Greece on which a wildfire occurred in the summer of 2007 is used as a case study. Soil erosion rates for the site before and after the fire outbreak were estimated by the two models. Inputs for both models included climatic, land-use, soil type, topography, Earth Observation (EO) as well as management and other ancillary data. Both models showed a substantial increase of soil erosion rates in the affected area as a result of the fire, particularly towards the steeper slopes and on areas of high burning severity. Yet, there were noticeable differences in the predictions between the 2 models in terms of absolute estimates of soil erosion rates before and after the fire event. Mean pre-fire erosion rates from RUSLE were ~ 2.5 times higher than those from PESERA. RUSLE predicted considerably higher mean erosion in comparison to PESERA for the post-fire conditions, yet of much less spatial variability. Average post-fire soil loss value, compared to pre-fire, was about nine and six times greater when using the RUSLE and the PESERA model respectively. RUSLE predictions were most sensitive to topographic and rainfall erosivity factors. PESERA showed high sensitivity to the vegetation coverage as well as to the soil characteristics inserted as crusting and erodibility variables. To our knowledge, this is the first study performing an intercomparison of soil erosion rate predictions between these two models, particularly so in the context of the influence of wildfire events. This study provides a key contribution towards our ability to better understand the effect of fire on soil erosion in the Mediterranean and elsewhere, as well as the ability of those widely used models as efficient tools to be used for this purpose. The latter is of key significance and practical value for research and policy decision making purposes alike, where information on spatiotemporal estimates of soil erosion rates may be required.

Published
2016
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14. Unveiling soil degradation and desertification risk in the Mediterranean basin: a data mining analysis of the relationships between biophysical and socioeconomic factors in agro-forest landscapes

Author

C. A. Karavitis, Miloud Chaker, Hasan Güngör, Rudi Hessel, Abdellah Laouina, Candan Gokceoglu, A. Kounalaki, Albert Solé-Benet, J. de Vente, Faruk Ocakoğlu, Mongi Sghaier, A. Belgacem, H. Taamallah, Orestis Kairis, Costas Kosmas, Luca Salvati, H. Khatteli, Sanem Acikalin, V. Fassouli, H. Sonmez, Coen J. Ritsema, L. Tezcan, and Mohamed Ouessar

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, human pressure, media_common.quotation_subject, vulnerability, Geography, Planning and Development, response assemblage, system, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, computer.software_genre, Mediterranean Basin, land-use change, Soil retrogression and degradation, spain, Land use, land-use change and forestry, CB - Bodemfysica en Landgebruik, Mediterranean region, General Environmental Science, Water Science and Technology, media_common, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, region, Alterra - Soil physics and land use, data mining, erosion, abandonment, indicators, Geography, Desertification, Land degradation, Erosion, Spatial ecology, Data mining, europe, computer, performance, SS - Soil Physics and Land Use, Alterra - Bodemfysica en landgebruik
Abstract

Soil degradation and desertification processes in the Mediterranean basin reflect the interplay between environmental and socioeconomic drivers. An approach to evaluate comparatively the multiple relationships between biophysical variables and socioeconomic factors is illustrated in the present study using the data collected from 586 field sites located in five Mediterranean areas (Spain, Greece, Turkey, Tunisia and Morocco). A total of 47 variables were chosen to illustrate land-use, farm characteristics, population pressure, tourism development, rainfall regime, water availability, soil properties and vegetation cover, among others. A data mining approach incorporating non-parametric inference, principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering was developed to identify candidate syndromes of soil degradation and desertification risk. While field sites in the same study area showed a substantial similarity, the multivariate relationship among variables diverged among study areas. Data mining techniques proved to be a practical tool to identify spatial determinants of soil degradation and desertification risk. Our findings identify the contrasting spatial patterns for biophysical and socioeconomic variables, in turn associated with different responses to land degradation.

Published
2014
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15. The effect of land management practices on soil erosion and land desertification in an olive grove

Author

A. Kounalaki, Costas Kosmas, Christos A. Karavitis, Orestis Kairis, and Luca Salvati

Subjects
Hydrology, media_common.quotation_subject, Land management, Soil Science, Pollution, Tillage, No-till farming, Desertification, Agronomy, Soil water, Erosion, Environmental science, Soil conservation, Surface runoff, Agronomy and Crop Science, media_common
Abstract

The need for reliable estimates of soil loss under different land management practices (LMPs) is becoming imperative in the Mediterranean basin to inform decisions on more effective strategies for land management. The effect of LMPs on soil erosion and land degradation has been investigated using experiments from November 2008 to November 2011 in an olive grove in central Crete (Greece). The study area was on sloping land with soils formed on marl deposits which are vulnerable to desertification because of surface runoff and tillage. The experimental design included three treatments with two replicates (3 × 5 m experimental plots) corresponding to the following LMPs: (i) no tillage–no herbicide application, (ii) no tillage–herbicide application and (iii) ploughing to 20 cm perpendicular to the contours. The following variables were monitored: surface water runoff, sediment loss, soil temperature at 10 cm, soil moisture content at depths of 20 and 50 cm, as well as selected climatic variables. The results show that the no tillage–no herbicide management practice gave the lowest sediment loss (1.44–4.78 g/m2/yr), the lowest water runoff (1.8–11.5 mm/yr), the greatest amount of water stored in the soil, the lowest soil temperature and the lowest desertification risk compared with the other treatments. Tillage resulted in the greatest sediment loss (13.6–39.2 g/m2/yr) and surface runoff (16.5–65.0 mm/yr), and an intermediate amount of water stored in the soil. In addition, this treatment led to the loss of soil thickness of 3.7 mm/yr because of ploughing. The results demonstrate the high risk of desertification in the investigated region and the methodology can be used in other Mediterranean areas as an assessment framework for evaluating land degradation and the impact of land management on soil erosion.

Published
2013
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16. Assessing the effectiveness of sustainable land management policies for combating desertification: A data mining approach

Author

Costas Kosmas, Luca Salvati, Faruk Ocakoğlu, Sanem Acikalin, Mongi Sghaier, Andrea Colantoni, V. Fassouli, H. Khatteli, Candan Gokceoglu, Christos A. Karavitis, Orestis Kairis, Coen J. Ritsema, Abdellah Laouina, H. Taamallah, L. Tezcan, Miloud Chaker, Albert Solé-Benet, H. Sonmez, Rudi Hessel, J. de Vente, Mohamed Ouessar, A. Belgacem, Margherita Carlucci, A. Kounalaki, Claire Kelly, and Hasan Güngör

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water en Landgebruik, Turkey, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Soil, Water and Land Use, Bodem, Sustainable agriculture, Data Mining, Mediterranean region, Waste Management and Disposal, Response assemblage, media_common, Principal Component Analysis, Greece, Environmental resource management, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Human pressure, PE&RC, Multivariate statistics, Environmental Policy, Morocco, Geography, Desertification, Indicators, Land degradation, Data mining, Sustainable land management, Conservation of Natural Resources, Environmental Engineering, Tunisia, Erosion control, media_common.quotation_subject, Land management, Context (language use), Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Fires, Water Supply, Humans, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, WIMEK, business.industry, Water and Land Use, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, Bodem, Water en Landgebruik, Soil Physics and Land Management, Socioeconomic Factors, Spain, Sustainability, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, business, computer
Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between fine resolution, local-scale biophysical and socioeconomic contexts within which land degradation occurs, and the human responses to it. The research draws on experimental data collected under different territorial and socioeconomic conditions at 586 field sites in five Mediterranean countries (Spain, Greece, Turkey, Tunisia and Morocco). We assess the level of desertification risk under various land management practices (terracing, grazing control, prevention of wildland fires, soil erosion control measures, soil water conservation measures, sustainable farming practices, land protection measures and financial subsidies) taken as possible responses to land degradation. A data mining approach, incorporating principal component analysis, non-parametric correlations, multiple regression and canonical analysis, was developed to identify the spatial relationship between land management conditions, the socioeconomic and environmental context (described using 40 biophysical and socioeconomic indicators) and desertification risk. Our analysis identified a number of distinct relationships between the level of desertification experienced and the underlying socioeconomic context, suggesting that the effectiveness of responses to land degradation is strictly dependent on the local biophysical and socioeconomic context. Assessing the latent relationship between land management practices and the biophysical/socioeconomic attributes characterizing areas exposed to different levels of desertification risk proved to be an indirect measure of the effectiveness of field actions contrasting land degradation.

Published
2016

17. An exploratory analysis of land abandonment drivers in areas prone to desertification

Author

Manuel E. Mendoza, Christian Prat, M. Alcalá, C. Ovalle, M. Darkoh, A. Belgacem, V. Fassouli, Coen J. Ritsema, V. Romanenkov, H. Taamallah, P. Alfama, N. Silva, J. Vente, Raban Chanda, H. Khatteli, A. Pozo, A. Ramos, Harun Sonmez, N. Khitrov, L. Medina, Mohamed Ouessar, K. Mulale, E. Zagal, J. Riquelme, Sanem Acikalin, A. Kounalaki, F. Fernandez, Rudi Hessel, Luca Salvati, L. Magole, Julius Atlhopheng, O. Ermolaeva, J.S. Perkins, Orestis Kairis, J. Barrera, J. Ramos, Candan Gokceoglu, C. Perez, L. Tezcan, Reuben Sebego, Mongi Sghaier, Abdellah Laouina, Albert Solé-Benet, Christos A. Karavitis, A. Zeiliguer, Faruk Ocakoğlu, Costas Kosmas, Hasan Güngör, J. Brito, D. Gonzalez, M. L. Sizemskaya, M. Chaker, Agricultural University of Athens, Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications - INRS (EMT-INRS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Biomedicine, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ETS d'Enginyers de Camins, Instituto Flumen, Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid [Madrid] (UCM)-Instituto Universitario de Investigacion en Neuroquimica-Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas ((CIBERNED))-Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria ((IRYCIS)), Pryanishnikov All-Russian Research Institute of Agrochemistry, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, LAGIS-OSL, Laboratoire d'Automatique, Génie Informatique et Signal (LAGIS), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Instituto Universitario de Investigacion en Neuroquimica-Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC)-Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria [Madrid, Spain] (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH)-Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH)-Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM)-Instituto Universitario de Investigacion en Neuroquimica-Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), and Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH)-Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH)

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, FORET, VARIATION SAISONNIERE, SOL CULTIVE, RESSOURCES EN EAU, EXPLOITATION AGRICOLE, Environmental protection, 11. Sustainability, STATUT SOCIOECONOMIQUE, DEGRADATION DU SOL, Land tenure, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, soil-erosion, media_common, risk, 2. Zero hunger, METHODE D'ANALYSE, DESERTIFICATION, Environmental resource management, PATURAGE, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Alterra - Soil physics and land use, PRATIQUE CULTURALE, Geography, Desertification, PLUIE, Land degradation, PENTE, ANALYSE MULTIVARIABLE, europe, UTILISATION DU SOL, SS - Soil Physics and Land Use, Alterra - Bodemfysica en landgebruik, media_common.quotation_subject, Land management, TRAVAIL DU SOL, [SHS.DEMO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Demography, spain, media_common.cataloged_instance, patterns, CB - Bodemfysica en Landgebruik, European union, Socioeconomic status, Earth-Surface Processes, business.industry, Abandonment (legal), pédologie, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, 15. Life on land, indicators, SUREXPLOITATION, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract

The abandonment of land is a global problem with environmental and socioeconomic implications. An approach to assess the relationship between land abandonment and a large set of indicators was illustrated in the present study by using data collected in the framework of the European Union DESIRE research project from 808 field sites located in 10 study sites in the Mediterranean region, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Africa and Asia. A total of 48 indicators provided information for biophysical conditions and socioeconomic characteristics measured at the plot level. The selected indicators refer to farm characteristics (family status, land tenure, present and previous types of land-use, soil depth, slope gradient, tillage operations) and to site-specific characteristics including annual rainfall, rainfall seasonality and water availability. Classes were designated for each indicator and a sensitivity score was assigned to each class based on existing research or empirically assessing the importance of each indicator to the land abandonment issue. Questionnaires for each process of land degradation were prepared and data were collected at field site level in collaboration with land users. Based on correlation statistics and multivariate analyses more than ten indicators out of 48 resulted as significant in affecting land abandonment in the studied field sites. Among them, the most important were rainfall seasonality, elderly index, land fragmentation, farm size, selected soil properties, and the level of policy implementation. Results contribute to the development of appropriate tools for assessing the effectiveness of land management practices for contrasting land abandonment.

Published
2015
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18. Exploring the Impact of Overgrazing on Soil Erosion and Land Degradation in a Dry Mediterranean Agro-Forest Landscape (Crete, Greece)

Author

Luca Salvati, Orestis Kairis, Christos A. Karavitis, Aikaterini Kounalaki, and Kostas Kosmas

Subjects
Sustainable land management, Greece, Agroforestry, media_common.quotation_subject, Land management, Soil Science, runoff, complex mixtures, pasture, sediment loss, Desertification, Soil water, Settore SECS-S/03 - Statistica Economica, Land degradation, Plant cover, Environmental science, sustainable land management, Overgrazing, Surface runoff, media_common
Abstract

The impact of land management practices on soil erosion and land degradation was assessed during three consecutive years (December 2008–November 2011) in a rural area sensitive to desertification (Crete, Greece). The area is characterized by soils formed on flysch parent material, dry sub-humid climate with water deficit concentrated in summer, and frequent drought episodes. Precipitation, water runoff, sediment loss, soil moisture, air and soil temperature, and plant cover were recorded at two sites experiencing overgrazing and sustainable grazing. Sustainable grazing was associated with lower water runoff, reduced sediment loss and lower soil temperature than overgrazing. Plant cover protected soils from water erosion more effectively in the “sustainable grazing” plot than in the “overgrazing” plot. The study identifies overgrazing as a driver of land degradation in southern Europe and points out the contribution of sustainable management of pastoral landscapes in the mitigation of desertification risk.

Published
2015

19. Relationship of Weather Types on the Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Rainfall, Runoff, and Sediment Yield in the Western Mediterranean Basin

Author

Álvaro Gómez-Gutiérrez, Feliciana Licciardello, Marcella Biddoccu, Susana Bernal, Victor Castillo, José Carlos González-Hidalgo, Costas Kosmas, Ramón Bienes, Juan Albaladejo, Susanne Schnabel, Artemio Cerdà, Ana Lucía, José Damián Ruiz-Sinoga, Luis Merino-Martín, Xavier Úbeda, Yolanda Cantón, Emmanouil A. Varouchakis, Francesc Gallart, Antonio Canatário-Duarte, Vincenzo Pampalone, Patricio Cid, Dhais Peña-Angulo, N. Mathys, José Andrés López-Tarazón, Jérôme Latron, Sébastien Klotz, Matija Zorn, Damien Raclot, Elvira Díaz-Pereira, Maria Jose Marques, María Martínez-Mena, Óscar González-Pelayo, Albert Solé-Benet, E. Gimeno, María Fernández-Raga, Noemí Lana-Renault, Carla Ferreira, George P. Karatzas, N. Moustakas, Helena Gómez-Macpherson, Francesca Todisco, Teodoro Lasanta, C. Le Bouteiller, Joan Estrany, Vicente Andreu, M. L. Rodríguez-Blanco, José M. Nicolau, José Luis Rubio, Orestis Kairis, M. Mercedes Taboada-Castro, Miguel A. Campo-Bescós, Eugenio Cavallo, Tíscar Espigares, Saskia Keesstra, Luciano Mateos, H. Bahri, José A. Gómez, Y. Le Bissonnais, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino, José María Senciales-González, A. Zabaleta, Lea Wittenberg, Mariano Moreno-de las Heras, Vito Ferro, M.T. Taboada-Castro, Javier Casalí, Nicola Cortesi, Rafael Giménez, Asunción Romero-Díaz, C. Marín, Estela Nadal-Romero, J. Farguell, Julián Campo, José Martínez-Fernández, G. Desir, V.M. Marín-Moreno, Roberto Lázaro, Encarnación V. Taguas, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Ambientales (IUCA), Departamento de Geografía, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Desertification Research Centre, Department of Environmental Quality and Soils, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural Eaux et Forêts (INRGREF), Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF)-Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles [Tunis] (IRESA), Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group, Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Institute for Agricultural and Earthmoving Machines, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Departamento Investigación Aplicada y Extensión Agraria, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), ISFOOD Institute, Department of Projects and Rural Engineering, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Department of Agronomy (Soil Science Area), University of Almeria, Soil and Water Conservation Research Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura, Department of Geography, Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group, Universitat de València (UV), Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO), Maize Genetics and Genomics Lab, CINVESTAV, Department of Earth Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Unidad de Ecología, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (UAH), Department of Geography, Mediterranean Ecogeomorphological and Hydrological Connectivity Research Team (MEDhyCON), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Mediterranean Environmental Research Group, Department of Physical Geography and Regional Geographic Analysis (GRAM), University of Barcelona, Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, University of Leon, College of Agriculture, Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences [Palermo], Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible - Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS CSIC), INTERRA Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Department of Environment and Planning, Earth Surface Processes Team (ESP) Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Department of Natural Resources Management and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, School of Environmental Engineering [Chania], Technical University of Crete [Chania], Team Soil Water and Land Use, Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen UR, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Area of Physical Geography, DCH, Universidad de la Rioja, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Experimental Station of Arid Zones (EEZA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Universitat de Lleida, University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Faculty of Sciences, Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Universidad de Córdoba = University of Córdoba [Córdoba], Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Instituto Hispano Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Universidad de Salamanca, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Laboratoire commun de télédétection (UR LCMO), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), University of Vigo [ Pontevedra], Physical Geography, Trier University, Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of A Coruña (UDC), Department of Agriculture-Food and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Departamento de Geografía, Grup de Recerca Ambiental Mediterrània, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Nairobi (UoN), Science and Technology Faculty, Hydro-Environmental Processes Research Group, University of the Basque Country (University of the Basque Country), Geographical Institute, Scientific Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU), Spanish Government (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MINECO) and FEDER Projects: CGL2014 52135-C3-3-R, ESP2017-89463-C3-3-R, CGL2014-59946-R, CGL2015-65569-R, CGL2015-64284-C2-2-R, CGL2015-64284-C2-1-R, CGL2016-78075-P, GL2008-02879/BTE, LEDDRA 243857, RECARE-FP7, CGL2017-83866-C3-1-R, and PCIN-2017-061/AEI. Dhais Pena-Angulo received a 'Juan de la Cierva' postdoctoral contract (FJCI-2017-33652 Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MEC). Ana Lucia acknowledge the 'Brigitte-Schlieben-Lange-Programm'. The 'Geoenvironmental Processes and Global Change' (E02_17R) was financed by the Aragon Government and the European Social Fund. Jose Andres Lopez-Tarazon acknowledges the Secretariat for Universities and Research of the Department of the Economy and Knowledge of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia for supporting the Consolidated Research Group 2014 SGR 645 (RIUS-Fluvial Dynamics Research Group). Artemi Cerda thank the funding of the OCDE TAD/CRP JA00088807. Jose Martinez-Fernandez acknowledges the project Unidad de Excelencia CLU-2018-04 co-funded by FEDER and Castilla y Leon Government. Ane Zabaleta is supported by the Hydro-Environmental Processes consolidated research group (IT1029-16, Basque Government)., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Gobierno de Aragón, Eusko Jaurlaritza, Generalitat de Catalunya, Junta de Castilla y León, Universidad Pública de Navarra. Departamento de Ingeniería, Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. ISFOOD - Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain, Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. Ingeniaritza Saila, University of Zaragoza, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Université de Valence, University of Extremadura, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Potsdam, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Universidad de Córdoba [Cordoba], Instrumentation, Material and Correlated Electrons Physics (IMAPEC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Universidade do Porto, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, UAM. Departamento de Geología y Geoquímica, Pena-Angulo D., Nadal-Romero E., Gonzalez-Hidalgo J.C., Albaladejo J., Andreu V., Barhi H., Bernal S., Biddoccu M., Bienes R., Campo J., Campo-Bescos M.A., Canatario-Duarte A., Canton Y., Casali J., Castillo V., Cavallo E., Cerda A., Cid P., Cortesi N., Desir G., Diaz-Pereira E., Espigares T., Estrany J., Farguell J., Fernandez-Raga M., Ferreira C.S., Ferro V., Gallart F., Gimenez R., Gimeno E., Gomez J.A., Gomez-Gutierrez A., Gomez-Macpherson H., Gonzalez-Pelayo O., Kairis O., Karatzas G.P., Keesstra S., Klotz S., Kosmas C., Lana-Renault N., Lasanta T., Latron J., Lazaro R., Bissonnais Y.L., Bouteiller C.L., Licciardello F., Lopez-Tarazon J.A., Lucia A., Marin-Moreno V.M., Marin C., Marques M.J., Martinez-Fernandez J., Martinez-Mena M., Mateos L., Mathys N., Merino-Martin L., Moreno-de las Heras M., Moustakas N., Nicolau J.M., Pampalone V., Raclot D., Rodriguez-Blanco M.L., Rodrigo-Comino J., Romero-Diaz A., Ruiz-Sinoga J.D., Rubio J.L., Schnabel S., Senciales-Gonzalez J.M., Sole-Benet A., Taguas E.V., Taboada-Castro M.T., Taboada-Castro M.M., Todisco F., Ubeda X., Varouchakis E.A., Wittenberg L., Zabaleta A., Zorn M., Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, Western Mediterranean, Rainfall, Atmospheric Science, Water en Landgebruik, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, analyses, Sedimentació, 02 engineering and technology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Soil, Bodem, Lluvia, Soil, Water and Land Use, Geología, weather types, rainfall, runoff, erosion, sediment yield, seasonal analyses, Mediterranean basin, Erosion, Mediterranean basin, Rainfall, Runoff, Seasonal analyses, Sediment yield, Weather types, 020701 environmental engineering, Precipitacions (Meteorologia), Sediment yield, Edafología, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, PE&RC, 2502 Climatología, Drenatge, 6. Clean water, Weather types, Tipos de clima, Erosión, Precipitations (Meteorology), 2511 Ciencias del Suelo (Edafología), 2508.10 Precipitación, Seasonal analyses, Anticyclone, Erosió, Erosion, Drainage, Mediterrània occidental, Soil erosion--Climatic factors, Cuenca mediterranea, Runoff, 0207 environmental engineering, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), lcsh:QC851-999, complex mixtures, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Atmospheric instability, Settore AGR/08 - Idraulica Agraria E Sistemazioni Idraulico-Forestali, Datasets, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mediterraneanbasin, Hydrology, Water and Land Use, Rainfal, fungi, Sediment, Sedimentation and deposition, seasonal, 15. Life on land, Atmosfera -- Aspectes ambientals, Bodem, Water en Landgebruik, 13. Climate action, Enginyeria agroalimentària::Ciències de la terra i de la vida [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Soil erosion, Environmental science, Rainfall frequencies, Spatial variability, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, Clima, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Surface runoff
Abstract

Producción Científica, Rainfall is the key factor to understand soil erosion processes, mechanisms, and rates. Most research was conducted to determine rainfall characteristics and their relationship with soil erosion (erosivity) but there is little information about how atmospheric patterns control soil losses, and this is important to enable sustainable environmental planning and risk prevention. We investigated the temporal and spatial variability of the relationships of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield with atmospheric patterns (weather types, WTs) in the western Mediterranean basin. For this purpose, we analyzed a large database of rainfall events collected between 1985 and 2015 in 46 experimental plots and catchments with the aim to: (i) evaluate seasonal differences in the contribution of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield produced by the WTs; and (ii) to analyze the seasonal efficiency of the different WTs (relation frequency and magnitude) related to rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield. The results indicate two different temporal patterns: the first weather type exhibits (during the cold period: autumn and winter) westerly flows that produce the highest rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield values throughout the territory; the second weather type exhibits easterly flows that predominate during the warm period (spring and summer) and it is located on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula. However, the cyclonic situations present high frequency throughout the whole year with a large influence extended around the western Mediterranean basin. Contrary, the anticyclonic situations, despite of its high frequency, do not contribute significantly to the total rainfall, runoff, and sediment (showing the lowest efficiency) because of atmospheric stability that currently characterize this atmospheric pattern. Our approach helps to better understand the relationship of WTs on the seasonal and spatial variability of rainfall, runoff and sediment yield with a regional scale based on the large dataset and number of soil erosion experimental stations., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad - FEDER (CGL2014 52135-C3-3-R; ESP2017-89463-C3-3-R; CGL2014-59946-R; CGL2015-65569-R; CGL2015-64284- C2-2-R; CGL2015-64284-C2-1-R; CGL2016-78075-P; GL2008-02879/BTE; LEDDRA 243857; RECARE-FP7; CGL2017-83866-C3-1-R y PCIN-2017- 061/AEI), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (FJCI-2017-33652), Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (TAD/CRP JA00088807), Junta de Castilla y León - FEDER (CLU-2018-04)

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