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Seed quality is a limiting factor in agricultural production, especially sanity, as they are the most common means of spreading pathogens. To neutralize the harmful effects of different pathogens on seeds, producers use chemical pesticides, which can cause serious risks, both human and environmental. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the potential of the pyroligneous extract on the sanitary and physiological quality of macassar bean seeds. The experiment was carried out in design was completely randomized, with eight treatments, being: six concentrations of the pyroligneous extract (10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) and two controls, water and the fungicide Captan® (240 g 100 kg-1). The sanitary and physiological tests were carried out in accordance with the rules for seed analysis. The pyroligneous extract, especially at a concentration of 80%, showed antifungal activity, without interfering with the physiological and anatomical quality of the macassar bean seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zywnosc is the property of Polish Society of Food Technologists - Scientific Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Consumers are showing a growing interest in organic products. This study investigates how visual packaging design elements influence the consumers' purchase intention toward organic food products compared to organic non-food products. We apply a questionnaire and ask respondents to rate the different packaging designs for organic dry pasta and soap bars. We use the orthogonal design method to obtain representative stimulus designs and conduct a conjoint analysis to determine the utilities of each design and assess the relative importance of color, material, and tagline typeface. Our results reveal that for the organic food and non-food products, packaging color is the most decisive factor, followed by material and typeface, independently to the participants' demographic characteristics. The combination of visual elements with the highest utility score includes plastic for the packaging material, the color cream, and the typewritten typeface for the organic claim for both organic pasta and organic soap. This study also integrates a benefit-based segmentation approach with conjoint analysis. Our study contributes to understanding consumers' preferences with valuable insights for the organic industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to analyze how purchase intention interacts with brand attitude and organic attitude in the consumer, considering the green value factor. The methodology is based on a quantitative analysis of data through a survey. To collect the data, a questionnaire of 26 items related to the study variables was developed, which were measured with a seven-points Likert scale. The final sample consisted of 226 people through a non-probabilistic convenience sampling technique. SEM-PLS statistical software was used for data processing. The results showed that emotional and functional value significantly influence brand attitude and organic attitude, while conditional and social value do not influence either. Of the two attitudes, it stands out that only brand attitude influences purchase intention. This allows us to understand that the attitude towards the brand has an important impact on the purchasing decisions that a consumer makes and is above the organic attitude. With this, it is concluded that the customer bases the purchase of the functional organic product on three aspects: the value of the product, the emotional value and the attitude that he develops towards the brand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aims to design an approach of valorization of agropastoral products and by-products in the wilaya of Naâma (West Algeria). The analysis of the surveys carried out on 364 breeders reveals that lamb production is characterized by a high economic value with a share 85 % of sold products in total production, followed by «Milk» with a rate of 24%. The rate of wool shows that this resource is classified as a low-value by-product since 77% of producers are unable to sold their fleeces. The skin is classified as a by-product without significant value, since only about 03% of breeders sold their product. Our approach of valorization of this production is initiated in a broad conception that integrates several actors. The SWOT matrix for the valorization of agro-pastoral products highlights the internal strengths and strengths and external opportunities offered, identifying internal weaknesses to resolve them while limiting external threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Innovar: Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Sociales is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study is to determine the entrepreneurial tendencies of women in rural areas in Kemalpasa district of Izmir province. Within the scope of this aim, face-to-face surveys were conducted with 68 women in Kemalpasa. In the study, the socio-economic characteristics of women were given firstly. Then, the five-point likert scale was used to evaluate the factors women attach importance to entrepreneurship. The critera that women attach importance to entrepreneurship decisions were analyzed using Fuzzy Pairwise Comparison method. According to the results of research, entrepreneur support is the most important factor that affects entrepreneurship decisions of women. The other factors were determined as economic factors, family structure and social environment, personality traits, and demographic characteristics. In addition, difficulties in obtaining capital are at the forefront of the problems faced by women while turning to entrepreneurship. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the grant support to a level that will encourage women to entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aims to design an approach of valorization of agropastoral products and by-products in the wilaya of Naâma (West Algeria). The analysis of the surveys carried out on 364 breeders reveals that lamb production is characterized by a high economic value with a share 85 % of sold products in total production, followed by «Milk» with a rate of 24%. The rate of wool shows that this resource is classified as a low-value by-product since 77% of producers are unable to sold their fleeces. The skin is classified as a by-product without significant value, since only about 03% of breeders sold their product. Our approach of valorization of this production is initiated in a broad conception that integrates several actors. The SWOT matrix for the valorization of agro-pastoral products highlights the internal strengths and strengths and external opportunities offered, identifying internal weaknesses to resolve them while limiting external threats.

IntroductionDue to the disadvantages of using chemical materials as pretreatment before grape drying, the application of non-chemical methods that not only take the environmental issues into account but also increase the drying rate and improve the quality of the produced raisins is vitally important. The high-humidity hot air impingement blanching (HHAIB) is one of the non-chemical methods that can be used as a suitable alternative for chemical pretreatment in grape drying. In this research, the design, construction, and evaluation of a high-humidity hot air impingement blanching system are discussed in terms of the drying kinetics of white seedless grapes. The results are compared against the control and chemical pretreatment.Materials and MethodsHigh-humidity hot air impingement blanching (HHAIB) systemThe HHAIB system is composed of the steam generator, steam transfer pipes, side channel pump, closing and opening valves, air recycling channel, electric air heater, hot-humid air transfer channel, pretreatment chamber, hot-humid air distribution chamber, nozzles, temperature and humidity sensors and controllers. The performance of the system depends on the humid air temperature, the output fluid velocity from the nozzle, the distance of the nozzles from the product surface, as well as the diameter and arrangement of the nozzles. In order to achieve optimal design of the nozzle array, the relationships existed for the heat transfer coefficient, air mass flow, and blowing power were considered.Application of the HHAIB pretreatment and evaluation of its effect on the grape drying processExperiments were conducted to investigate the effect of temperature and duration of HHAIB pretreatment on the kinetics of grape drying. A two-factor completely randomized factorial design with three replications was used to analyze the data.According to the studies, the air at temperatures of 90, 100, and 110°C, a velocity of 10 m s-1, and relative humidity in the range of 40-45% was applied to the product. Pretreatment durations of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 s were also considered. Experiments were conducted with three replicates and control treatment and acid pretreatment were used to compare the drying process. Due to the high quality of shade-dried raisins, this method was used to study the process.The effect of the pretreatment duration on the drying kinetics of white seedless grapes was assessed by observing variations in moisture ratio and drying rate over time, as well as determining the effective diffusivity of water.For the color evaluation of the produced raisins, chroma (C), hue angle H°, and total color difference (ΔE) parameters were calculated after measuring L*, a*, and b* values.Results and DiscussionThe comparison of the drying process among the control, chemical, and HHAIB showed the positive efficacy of HHAIB on the drying rate of grapes. Compared to fresh grapes, the increase in drying rate under the influence of HHAIB varied from 8% for a duration of 30 s at 90°C to 68% for a duration of 150 s at 110°C. The values of the diffusion coefficient of grapes for the HHAIB pretreatment at temperatures of 90, 100, and 110°C and durations of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 s, as well as for the control and chemical pretreatments were determined. The values of the coefficient changed from 2.28×10-10 m2 s-1 for 30 s of applying pretreatment at 90°C to 3.53×10-10 m2 s-1 for 150 s of applying the pretreatment at 110°C. The highest value of this coefficient (7.46×10-10 m2 s-1) was associated with the chemical pretreatment. The value of the diffusion coefficient increased with increasing temperature and duration of the HHAIB pretreatment. In general, this increase in the drying rate and the diffusion coefficient can be attributed to the effect of the HHAIB pretreatment on the texture and destruction of the cell wall, as well as the microcracks created on the skin of the grapes. Moreover, the findings reveal that, in comparison with the hot air temperature, the duration of the HHAIB pretreatment was more effective in enhancing the drying rate. Additionally, based on the color analysis, a temperature of 110°C and a duration range of 90-150 s were achieved as suitable conditions for applying pretreatment.ConclusionThe HHAIB pretreatment, which combines the benefits of hot air blanching with jet technology, affects the texture and skin of grapes, accelerates the drying process, and increases the quality of the produced raisins. However, the correct application of this pretreatment depends on the proper design of the system and appropriate conditions, including duration, temperature, and relative humidity. The results of drying kinetics showed that the drying rate increased with an increase in the temperature and duration of the pretreatment. The findings indicate that the HHAIB pretreatment could improve the color indices of the raisins, resulting in an increase in the drying rate and acceptable quality of the final product. This provides a basis for the use of HHAIB on larger and industrial scales.

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of health consciousness, environmental concern, product safety, social and personal norms on organic product purchase intention and whether the purchase intention has an impact on actual purchase and repurchase intention. The main population of the research is the consumers living in Gümüşhane and consuming organic products. In the study, in which the convenience sampling method has been used, 473 consumers have been reached with the prepared questionnaire. The data obtained have been analyzed with SPSS and AMOS programs and it has been determined that health awareness, food safety, personal and social norms has a positive effect on purchasing intention, and purchase intention on on actual purchase and repurchase intention. Another result of the study is that the environmental concern factor has no effect on the purchase intention. These results provide important contributions to the literature on organic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to clarify how the biodiversity conservation effect of organic farming leads to sales promotion. Through sales experiments, the appealing effects of presentation with biodiversity information was examined. The main outcomes are as follows. First, the characteristics of those who purchased organic products were that they were in their 30s to 60s, without children, and their residences were outside the experimental area. Secondly, it was suggested that the presentation of information appealing to biodiversity conservation effects may improve the purchasing behavior of people who usually do not purchase organic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Due to the disadvantages of using chemical materials as pretreatment before grape drying, the application of non-chemical methods that not only take the environmental issues into account but also increase the drying rate and improve the quality of the produced raisins is vitally important. The high-humidity hot air impingement blanching (HHAIB) is one of the non-chemical methods that can be used as a suitable alternative for chemical pretreatment in grape drying. In this research, the design, construction, and evaluation of a high-humidity hot air impingement blanching system are discussed in terms of the drying kinetics of white seedless grapes. The results are compared against the control and chemical pretreatment. Materials and Methods High-humidity hot air impingement blanching (HHAIB) system The HHAIB system is composed of the steam generator, steam transfer pipes, side channel pump, closing and opening valves, air recycling channel, electric air heater, hot-humid air transfer channel, pretreatment chamber, hot-humid air distribution chamber, nozzles, temperature and humidity sensors and controllers. The performance of the system depends on the humid air temperature, the output fluid velocity from the nozzle, the distance of the nozzles from the product surface, as well as the diameter and arrangement of the nozzles. In order to achieve optimal design of the nozzle array, the relationships existed for the heat transfer coefficient, air mass flow, and blowing power were considered. Application of the HHAIB pretreatment and evaluation of its effect on the grape drying process Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of temperature and duration of HHAIB pretreatment on the kinetics of grape drying. A two-factor completely randomized factorial design with three replications was used to analyze the data. According to the studies, the air at temperatures of 90, 100, and 110°C, a velocity of 10 m s-1, and relative humidity in the range of 40-45% was applied to the product. Pretreatment durations of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 s were also considered. Experiments were conducted with three replicates and control treatment and acid pretreatment were used to compare the drying process. Due to the high quality of shade-dried raisins, this method was used to study the process. The effect of the pretreatment duration on the drying kinetics of white seedless grapes was assessed by observing variations in moisture ratio and drying rate over time, as well as determining the effective diffusivity of water. For the color evaluation of the produced raisins, chroma (C), hue angle H°, and total color difference (ΔE) parameters were calculated after measuring L*, a*, and b* values. Results and Discussion The comparison of the drying process among the control, chemical, and HHAIB showed the positive efficacy of HHAIB on the drying rate of grapes. Compared to fresh grapes, the increase in drying rate under the influence of HHAIB varied from 8% for a duration of 30 s at 90°C to 68% for a duration of 150 s at 110°C. The values of the diffusion coefficient of grapes for the HHAIB pretreatment at temperatures of 90, 100, and 110°C and durations of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 s, as well as for the control and chemical pretreatments were determined. The values of the coefficient changed from 2.28x10-10 m² s-1 for 30 s of applying pretreatment at 90°C to 3.53x10-10 m² s-1 for 150 s of applying the pretreatment at 110°C. The highest value of this coefficient (7.46x10-10 m² s-1) was associated with the chemical pretreatment. The value of the diffusion coefficient increased with increasing temperature and duration of the HHAIB pretreatment. In general, this increase in the drying rate and the diffusion coefficient can be attributed to the effect of the HHAIB pretreatment on the texture and destruction of the cell wall, as well as the microcracks created on the skin of the grapes. Moreover, the findings reveal that, in comparison with the hot air temperature, the duration of the HHAIB pretreatment was more effective in enhancing the drying rate. Additionally, based on the color analysis, a temperature of 110°C and a duration range of 90-150 s were achieved as suitable conditions for applying pretreatment. Conclusion The HHAIB pretreatment, which combines the benefits of hot air blanching with jet technology, affects the texture and skin of grapes, accelerates the drying process, and increases the quality of the produced raisins. However, the correct application of this pretreatment depends on the proper design of the system and appropriate conditions, including duration, temperature, and relative humidity. The results of drying kinetics showed that the drying rate increased with an increase in the temperature and duration of the pretreatment. The findings indicate that the HHAIB pretreatment could improve the color indices of the raisins, resulting in an increase in the drying rate and acceptable quality of the final product. This provides a basis for the use of HHAIB on larger and industrial scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Društvena Istraživanja is the property of Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to analyze the effects of OxyAqua organic product used for fish health management, improve water quality and high survival ratio, research was conducted for 60 days in seawater cemented cisterns at CEMB, University of Karachi. Two commercially important fish species (Orechromis niloticus and Acanthopagrus berda) were used for this study and kept in two different treatment tanks with their replicates (n=10 each) designated as T1= OxyAqua and T2= simple aeration. Juveniles were fed on supplementary pelleted diet thrice daily at 2% of their total body weight. Results showed that WG and SGR were significantly higher in T1, in which we applied Oxy Aqua organic® product without aeration than T2, whereas no significant difference (p>0.05) was found in FCR between treatments. No mortality was occurring during the whole experimental period. Comparative growth analysis of both fish species revealed that OxyAqua organic is highly suitable for enhancing the biological performance of fish in captivity. This study is recommended for intensive and semi-intensive fish cultivation technology development, water quality improvement and fish health management in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Diyalektolog - Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Diyalektolog and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate which of sustainability elements, in the context of triple bottom line (TBL), are used to build sustainable supply chain resilience. This paper presents a new body of knowledge and contribution to the literature by relating the triple bottom line (TBL) context to the building of sustainable supply chain resilience using structural equation modelling. The research were used to understand that individual sustainability factors matter and play a role in the context of supply chain resilience. A survey questionnaire was designed to collect this data from the research respondents. To statistical analysis was first Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) conducted and used, then for the analysis and interpretation structural equation model. The findings indicate that individual sustainability factors matter and play a role in the context of supply chain resilience. A number of previous studies have developed broad catalogues of sustainability factors influencing supply chains, however, to date no convincing evidence has been presented as to which of the range of elements identified, and how they influence supply chain resilience building. Despite the large number of publications on sustainable supply chain and resilience building, there is still a gap and lack of proper consideration of TBL-related criteria as elements that can determine mechanisms for building supply chain resilience in the context of sustainable development. This paper operationalizes a using the structural research model to using a structural research model to investigate how and in which relationships the different elements of the triple bottom line influence the resilience of supply chains.

Copyright of Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research was organized in order to reveal people's organic plant and animal production, product, information, and consumption habits. In this study, a survey was applied to 399 people. In the study, while 95.0% of the participants knew about organic agriculture, 5.0% reported that they had no information. Do you think the food consumed is safe? The most frequently answered question was sometimes (33.8%), and the rate of those who answered no was 15.3%. They stated that the most important food risk was chemicals (60.4%), GMOs, mad cow disease, and radiation applications, and the least amount (16.0%) was microorganisms. Considering the rate of those who read the labels on the food, 55.1% answered sometimes; 4.5% stated that they have never read. When asked whether organic food is more reliable, 77.9% replied yes. It was determined that 80.2% of the participants consumed organic products. When consumers were asked what their reasons were for not buying organic products, 55.9% said they did not trust that it was organic, 12.8% did not believe that it would bring any additional benefit, and 9.8% said it had a high price. Participants stated that they had heard of the concept of organic feed (84.2%) before, and that the conditions of the shelter affected the quality of animal products (97.5%). It has been observed that the participants are willing to pay more for organic, reliable, and healthy products (78.7%), and they pay attention to being a well-known brand (82.0%) when buying organic animal products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Araştırmanın amacı sağlık bilinci, çevre endişesi, ürün güvenliği ile sosyal ve kişisel normların tüketicilerin organik ürün satın alma niyetleri üzerinde etkilerini ve organik ürün satın alma niyetinin de gerçek satın alma ve tekrar satın alma niyeti üzerinde etkilerini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın ana evreni Gümüşhane ilinde yaşayan ve organik ürün tüketen tüketicilerdir. Kolayda örneklem yöntemi tercih edilerek hazırlanan anket formu ile 473 tüketiciye ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS ve AMOS programları ile analiz edilmiş ve sağlık bilinci, gıda güvenliği, kişisel ve sosyal normların satın alma niyeti üzerinde, satın alma niyetinin de gerçek ve tekrar satın alma niyetleri üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çevre endişesi faktörünün satın alma niyeti üzerinde herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı araştırmada elde edilen diğer bir sonuçtur. Ulaşılan bu sonuçlar organik ürünlerle ilgili literatüre önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır.

In this research, it is aimed to measure the organic product awareness of consumers coming to the organic product market. For this purpose, face-to-face surveys were conducted with 271 consumers in organic product markets in Izmir and Istanbul. As a result of the survey analysis, it was determined that the organic product consumers coming to the organic market are mostly middle-aged, married, female and at higher education levels. As a result of the surveys, 97.8% of the consumers who came to the organic product markets declared that they knew what is the organic agriculture, and 97.7% of them were able to define the organic agriculture correctly. Within the scope of the study, it has been revealed that the sources of information about organic products for organic consumers are generally the internet and social media (45.4%), followed by family and friends (33.6%), which are also effective in acquiring information. In this context, to increase the consumption of organic products; It has been determined that the internet and social media will be a more effective method for information and promotion about organic agriculture, organic products, organic product certificates and organic product markets. As a result of the study, it is thought that increasing the number of organic product markets in Turkey may increase the consumption of organic products and in the long term, it will positively affect the production amounts, the number of producers, production areas and thus the import and export quantities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important for every consumer that the product he consumes is of good quality and safe for his health. An organic product for the consumer means quality and health. It is of crucial importance to look into the the organic food market, and based on that determine what the goals are and create a strategy to achieve the set goals. The organic market is the main source of information for organic food producers. Before organic products are being placed on the market, the target group of consumers to whom the marketing mix will be directed should be determined on the basis of information from the market. Various surrounding impulses affect consumer behavior, so it is necessary to continuously monitor all important factors, in order to meet consumer demands in a timely manner. Consumer behavior in the market is the result of the tendency of consumers to best meet their needs and desires. The goal of the research is why and how consumers buy and consume certain products, respectively, what are the motives for their purchase. The research was conducted in the period from September until December 2020. on the sample 250 respondents in the territory Republic Serbia. Field research was conducted through a questionnaire consisting of seven question and based on the answers received, the results were processed. The most important indicators of this research are that consumers are less likely to buy organic products due to the lower purchasing power of the population, but also insufficient information, and the main motive for buying is that organic products are healthy products.

Copyright of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos is the property of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kazakhstan is characterized by a wide variety of natural, climatic, economic, and ethnic factors that have a specific impact on the development of sheep farming. The production of dairy products from sheep is limited due to the low productivity of animals and the seasonality of milk production throughout the year, as well as the short lactation period. Also, one of the problems is manual milking of sheep, which does not allow obtaining sheep milk on an industrial scale. The market of dairy products, currently in the Republic of Kazakhstan is represented only by-products made from cow's milk, and at the same time, most of them are products made from cow's milk powder, so the development of products made from sheep's milk is an urgent task. In addition, sheep's milk is a national product, and one of the tasks is to revive the traditional products of the Kazakh people. The analysis of literature studies shows that in-depth studies of the chemical composition of sheep's milk have not been conducted in Kazakhstan. The chemical composition data obtained during the Soviet period only give an idea of the primary chemical parameters obtained by generally accepted basic methods and do not provide reliable information about the deep chemical composition of the milk of local ewes. According to the results of studies, the content of the essential amino acid valine in cow's milk (0.21 g/100g) is also lower than in sheep's milk (9.69-3.79 g/100g). Sheep's milk protein is digested in the human body by 99.1%, and cow's milk protein by 91.9%. According to world experts, one of the advantages of Kazakhstan's domestic milk products is its naturalness, a low share of the use of genetically modified organisms, and environmentally friendly pastures, due to which they receive high-quality and safe products. Therefore, the designated research topic and its analysis are appropriate and relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to determine the premises of the personal values affecting the organic product selection of consumers and to analyze the effect of environmental, price and health consciousness on the attitude towards purchase. The results of this research show that while personal values are effective on individual factors, health and environmental consciousness, which are among the individual factors, have an effect on the attitude towards purchase. However, the dimension of price consciousness does not have an effect on the attitude towards purchase. Furthermore, the findings of the research revealed that the attitude towards purchase has an effect on purchase intention. Consequently, the subjective norm has a moderator effect between the purchase intention and the attitude towards purchase.

In a world dominated by the process of globalization and the accelerated process of population growth, organic products are often seen as a luxury. This type of product has seen an increase in consumption and marketing. People want to be healthier, live longer and be more environmentally friendly. In Romania, the trend is similar to what is happening worldwide, but there is a certain peculiarity: organic raw materials are exported and organic finished products are imported. The increase in the consumption of organic products has and will have a positive impact on the Romanian market, including on the economy and on the health of citizens, which is anticipated and benefited by young entrepreneurs who have developed small businesses from growing and selling organic products. In this article, an exploratory research of the specialized literature and a case study on the present situation regarding the production and consumption of organic products at global, European and Romanian level were carried out. Also, the situation of young Romanian entrepreneurs who invested in businesses with organic products was analyzed, by applying a specific set of questions through which it was wanted to identify the reasons that were the basis of the business decision in the field of organic products.

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of health consciousness, environmental concern, product safety, social and personal norms on organic product purchase intention and whether the purchase intention has an impact on actual purchase and repurchase intention. The main population of the research is the consumers living in Gümüşhane and consuming organic products.In the study, in which the convenience sampling method has been used, 473 consumers have been reached with the prepared questionnaire. The data obtained have been analyzed with SPSS and AMOS programs and it has been determined that health awareness, food safety, personal and social norms has a positive effect on purchasing intention, and purchase intention on on actual purchase and repurchase intention. Another result of the study is that the environmental concern factor has no effect on the purchase intention. These results provide important contributions to the literature on organic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective - This research aims to identify the factors that influence generation Y's purchase intentions for organic personal care products. Methodology/Technique - There are eight variables investigated in this research that might influence the generation Y's purchase intention on organic personal care product. The eight variables include attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and 5 demographic characteristics including gender, age, income level, education level and race. The research is completed with the questionnaire used for data collection purposes. A total of 155 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents, with 152 returned with completed data. The target respondent of this research is generation Y users. The data collected is keyed into Statistical Package of the Social Science (SPSS) for analysis. Among the tests incorporated in this study are reliability test, normality test, frequency test, t-test, ANOVA and Multiple Linear Regression. Findings -- The study reveals that attitude and subjective norms from the planned behavioural model have a significant relationship with consumer purchase intentions for organic personal care products. Novelty - In addition, the study also found that there is a significant difference of consumer purchase intention of organic personal care product based on gender, age, income level and education level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Death, which is the proof that life is limited, often causes anxiety in people as it is associated with extinction. Death anxiety, which varies from individual to individual, starts from birth and continues throughout the life. Different factors such as age, gender can be cited as the reason for these variances. In addition, individuals who generally have death anxiety also have a fear of losing their health. Consumers who want to take care of their health incline to additive-free foods, vegetable-based diets or organic products. In other words, it may be claimed that most of the consumers who focus on healthy living today are turning to brands with organic logo products. For this reason, the study examines whether there is a relationship between death anxiety of the participants and the sub-dimensions of their attitudes towards organic brands: "familiarity with organic brands", "organic brand reliability", "organic consumer identity", "psychological commitment to organic brands" and "buying brands with organic logos". Whether the death anxiety of the participants and the organic product scores of the participants differ according to the descriptive characteristics or not is among the issues in the study. According to the analysis carried out within the framework of this purpose, it is seen that there is a statistically significant relationship between death anxiety and organic consumer identity of consumers. However, according to the research, no significant relationship is found between death anxiety of the participants and their familiarity with organic brands, organic brand reliability, psychological commitment to organic brands and their attitudes to buy organic branded brands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic agriculture remains a black box attribute when considering consumer behaviour and preferences in developing countries. This is due partially to a lack of awareness about such products in addition to a lack of trust in relation to the certification bodies responsible. Meanwhile, increasing demand for these products comes as a result of food intolerance and hygiene safety issues. Through this framework it is crucial to clarify the concept from the consumer perspective. The objective of this paper is to understand consumer perceptions regarding organic attributes and identify the characteristics considered by consumers when buying organic products. The relative importance index shows the sensitivity of Albanian consumers in relation to the organic attribute, mainly in fruit and vegetables. Through the Contingent Valuation Method it is estimated that the consumer will pay an average premium of 27.7% for organic vegetables and 28.3% for organic fruit. The segmentation approach indicates that consumers linking organic attributes with health expressed a high willingness to pay for organic products. However, the majority use price as the main indicator of the quality of the product they consume; a higher price meaning an organic product. This conclusion is important in developing countries where consumers display low trust in food safety mechanisms and institutions.

The study aimed to determine the knowledge levels of consumers living in the city centre of Isparta province about organic products, their organic product consumption preferences and the factors affecting their organic product consumption. The "clustered onestage simple random probability sampling based on population ratios" method was used to determine the number of questionnaires. The main material of the study was the data collected by face-to-face interviews with 384 consumers living in the urban area of Isparta province, Turkey. Chi-square analysis was applied to the data obtained in the study. According to the research results, it was determined that consumers generally defined organic products as natural products (73.18%). It was seen that 72.40% of the participants consumed organic products. It was also determined that the most important factor in consumers' preference for organic products was the health factor. The most consumed organic products were fresh fruit and vegetables, eggs and milk, respectively. It was determined that consumers paid attention to buy organic products from reliable places. The 43.17% of consumers consuming organic products stated that they had certificates in the products they purchase. It was determined that consumers buy organic products from villages, neighbourhood markets and producers they know. The vast majority of consumers emphasized that organic products were expensive. 84.53% of consumers thought that there was not enough promotion about organic products. The information source that consumers are aware of about organic products was determined as the internet. According to the results of Chi-Square analysis, it was determined that the rate of having certificates in organic products purchased by consumers with education levels and income levels were also higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to reveal the problems related to organic production model, to determine the tendency to continue organic production, and to evaluate the support of Organic Fruit Producers Union using the experience and thoughts of the producers organized under the umbrella of the Organic Fruit Producers Union in Niksar district of Tokat province, Turkey. The main material of the study was the survey data conducted with the members of Niksar Organic Fruit Producers Union. The sample volume of the research was 123 producers, corresponding to 50% of the active members in 2017. The data were interpreted through the percentage distribution, mean, minimum and maximum values. Likert scale was used to evaluate the support of the Union to the producers. The results indicated that producers have a high tendency to continue with the organic production system. Despite the challenges of the organic system compared to the conventional production, the producers reported that the products are sold at a better price, the customers are willing to purchase the organic products, and the organic system is more profitable compared to the conventional production. The results revealed that the support of the Union to the producers is not very strong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study's main purpose is to determine the factors affecting individuals' attitudes towards organic products from the perspective of healthy behaviour. The population of the research is people purchasing organic products from sales points in Istanbul province. The data was gathered with a face-to-face questionnaire with 424 people shopping in organic product markets, one of the quantitative research patterns. The data were analysed and interpreted with SPSS and AMOS programs, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, explanatory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis techniques. The factors were determined by using explanatory factor analysis. The construct validity revealed by the explanatory factor analysis was also verified by the confirmatory factor analysis. Ensuring validity and reliability shows the existence of a structural relationship between the factors affecting the attitudes of consumers towards organic products. According to the explanatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis results, the factors affecting consumers' attitudes towards organic products are gathered under 5 different dimensions. These dimensions are «consciousness», «price», «inaccessibility», «negative attitude» and «standardization». It is concluded that the Sisli Organic Market is the best-known point. Additionally, it was concluded that the most frequently used sources of information are friends' advice, and the most preferred organic products are organic vegetables and fruits. Finally, the majority stated that they had paid attention to the organic certificates. With the increasing awareness of healthy life in recent years, individuals have attached great importance to organic products. The study tries to fill the gap in the literature in terms of Turkish consumers' attitudes towards organic product consumption and their sales point preferences. Another originality of the study is that field research has been conducted at the points where organic products are sold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences (YYU J Agr Sci) is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Vocational Education is the property of Az Buki National Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Traditional and organic products are distinguishing marks of a region, reflect a long-established tradition and cultural heritage, as well as show potential for the growth of local businesses. This paper aims to present and demonstrate how traditional and organic products are promoted on the example of products originating from Podkarpackie Province and to indicate barriers, challenges that must be overcome while taking information and promotional actions and building an image. To this end, an interview with one of the leaders in the number of organic and traditional products in the cheese making industry was conducted. Based on that interview, it follows that products are promoted in a variety of different ways, whereas major barriers, but also challenges, include effective communication and ability to reach the consumer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the role of a brand as a marketing tool for improving the sales of organic products. The study observes the features of the organic brand, namely consumer awareness, trust and brand communications, which influence the purchasing behaviour of consumers. Research shows the relevance of brand development for smallhold farmers' association in the Ukrainian organic market. Preliminary data on brand-forming factors influencing consumer behaviour were collected by a survey of Ukrainian consumers. The results of the survey revealed a low level of awareness about organic products: 68 per cent of respondents were not familiar with its characteristics. The study presents the conceptual basis of the business model of brand association, and the conditions of its implementation by smallhold farmers who collectively sell an organic product. The authors argue that the implementation of this business model will improve smallhold farmers' position in the Ukrainian organic market by building dynamic and systematic interactions with consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a bilateral supply chain with a downstream manufacturer and an upstream farmer. The manufacturer makes two sourcing decisions: Whether to join the fair trade movement and whether to use organic or conventional (non-organic) cotton in her product. The manufacturer's sourcing strategy affects the determination of the wholesale price, the farmer's production cost, and consumers' purchasing decisions. We characterize the supply chain parties' subgame perfect Nash equilibrium decisions, finding that the manufacturer participates in fair trade or uses organic cotton only when the non-organic cotton commodity price is sufficiently high. Moreover, increases in the cotton commodity price may not necessarily benefit the farmer. Finally, the manufacturer's participation in fair trade can yield the highest profit for both supply chain parties. Such a win–win outcome always occurs when the fair trade manufacturer also chooses organic cotton but never occurs if the manufacturer does not participate in fair trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: The method herein can be useful for supply chain managers, leaders, and individual units. The paper concisely demonstrates simulation modeling as an evaluative tool for stochastic systems, which facilitates the ability to obtain performance measurement estimates under any given system configuration of short food supply chains (SFSCs). Creating alternative supply chains can help increase economic and social benefits for all beneficiaries of the supply chain. Alternative short supply chains for organic products are considered when seeking optimal scenarios to obtain the highest profit for producers, with maximizing profit being one of the main reasons for taking up business within this type of supply chain strategy. The aim of this study was to clarify the ideas of short food supply chains (SFSCs) and the organic production of food products and to indicate how economic benefits can be achieved in individual markets. The identified research gaps include the lack of a strong theoretical basis, as well as the lack of empirical studies concerning the multi-objective optimization of the economic effects of producers using computer simulation methods. However, the aim of this research was to identify the activities within such structures that can produce economic effects and influence the competences and soft relationships between the organizations participating in the chains. The adopted research methods included a critical analysis of the literature and the use of information technology tools and computer simulation. We found that computer simulation methods can lead to better decisions (to increase manufacturer benefits) regarding how to service selected markets within the SFSC. The most important limitations are the small territorial scope of the research and the consideration of only three of the most frequently purchased and manufactured products in Poland. This study was a pilot study, which will be developed further by the authors, from both a territorial and product point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify behavioural differences between consumers who are driven by different sets of attitudes toward information related to food in their purchasing, including consumers who display rational behaviour. Although this study investigated "spill over" changes in attitude or behaviour (e.g. the use of information about food ingredients), the survey data were used to calculate the probability of behavioural differences between consumers. The survey involving 909 respondents from chosen Czech universities. Data were analysed by Multi Correspondence Analysis to investigate the association between several attitudes towards information on labelling, and consumer behaviour. In the second step, the ordered probit model probability of consumer behaviour was processed. There are two clusters of consumers: The first consumer segment was called "rationality involvement consumer". They have a certain tendency to need to know what a product contains, the nutritional value of a product, and how to maintain the biological value of a product. The second consumer segment was called "non - rationality involvement consumer". They have a cer tain tendency to not need to know what a product contains, the nutrition value of product, or how to maintain the biological value of a product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a world dominated by the process of globalization and the accelerated process of population growth, organic products are often seen as a luxury. This type of product has seen an increase in consumption and marketing. People want to be healthier, live longer and be more environmentally friendly. In Romania, the trend is similar to what is happening worldwide, but there is a certain peculiarity: organic raw materials are exported and organic finished products are imported. The increase in the consumption of organic products has and will have a positive impact on the Romanian market, including on the economy and on the health of citizens, which is anticipated and benefited by young entrepreneurs who have developed small businesses from growing and selling organic products. In this article, an exploratory research of the specialized literature and a case study on the present situation regarding the production and consumption of organic products at global, European and Romanian level were carried out. Also, the situation of young Romanian entrepreneurs who invested in businesses with organic products was analyzed, by applying a specific set of questions through which it was wanted to identify the reasons that were the basis of the business decision in the field of organic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although microbial in-situ gasification of coal has been established to be an environmentally friendly and sustainable mining method, the low efficiency of methane production via coal micro-gasification limits the commercial applicability of this technology. In this regard, the application of electric fields can contribute to enhancing the efficiency of anaerobic microbial coal degradation. In this study, to investigate the effects of low-intensity electric fields on coal degradation by different exogenous microbial species, we conducted laboratory-scale batch anaerobic fermentation experiments at 0.9, 1.5, and 2.2 V using a micro-gas measuring device to quantify biogas production. The results revealed that application of a low-intensity electric field can promote the production of methane by different microbes, with the highest gas production (7.92 mL/g) obtained at 1.5 V, representing an increase of 131.58 % compared with fermentation conducted in the absence of an applied electric field. The electrodes facilitated the microbial utilization or dissolution of organic matter on the coal surface, leading to a reduction in surface functional groups, with the fermentation medium mainly comprising aromatic hydrocarbons. The coal particles at the anode appeared rough. Collectively, our findings in this study revealed that the application of electric fields contributed to a modification of microbial metabolism and promoted an enhancement of methane production. We believe these findings have important implications for enhancing the microbial production of biomethane from coal. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]