16 results on '"Orgis, Thomas"'
Search Results
2. Remote sensing and in-situ measurements of tropospheric aerosol, a PAMARCMiP case study
- Author
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Hoffmann, Anne, Osterloh, Lukas, Stone, Robert, Lampert, Astrid, Ritter, Christoph, Stock, Maria, Tunved, Peter, Hennig, Tabea, Böckmann, Christine, Li, Shao-Meng, Eleftheriadis, Kostas, Maturilli, Marion, Orgis, Thomas, Herber, Andreas, Neuber, Roland, and Dethloff, Klaus
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Influence of band gradients on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell diode factors.
- Author
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Orgis, Thomas, Maiberg, Matthias, and Scheer, Roland
- Subjects
- *
SOLAR cells , *BAND gaps , *DIODES , *SPACE charge , *CONDUCTION bands - Abstract
The influence of band gap gradients on the charge collection and diode quality factor of solar cells is investigated by device simulation. A back surface band gap gradient manifested as a gradient of the conduction band is found to lead to an increased diode quality factor. Thus, the positive influence of the gradient on the fill factor is partially counterbalanced by the diode quality factor increase. The reason for the latter is the enhanced contribution of space charge region recombination. If the cell is equipped with a double gradient at front and back surfaces, the detrimental diode factor increase can be suppressed. The relevance of the findings is investigated using different carrier lifetimes and doping levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Low-order discontinuous Galerkin discretization in an atmospheric multi-scale model
- Author
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Orgis, Thomas
- Subjects
Institut für Physik und Astronomie ,ddc:530 - Abstract
Die Dynamik der Atmosphäre der Erde umfasst einen Bereich von mikrophysikalischer Turbulenz über konvektive Prozesse und Wolkenbildung bis zu planetaren Wellenmustern. Für Wettervorhersage und zur Betrachtung des Klimas über Jahrzehnte und Jahrhunderte ist diese Gegenstand der Modellierung mit numerischen Verfahren. Mit voranschreitender Entwicklung der Rechentechnik sind Neuentwicklungen der dynamischen Kerne von Klimamodellen, die mit der feiner werdenden Auflösung auch entsprechende Prozesse auflösen können, notwendig. Der dynamische Kern eines Modells besteht in der Umsetzung (Diskretisierung) der grundlegenden dynamischen Gleichungen für die Entwicklung von Masse, Energie und Impuls, so dass sie mit Computern numerisch gelöst werden können. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Eignung eines unstetigen Galerkin-Verfahrens niedriger Ordnung für atmosphärische Anwendungen. Diese Eignung für Gleichungen mit Wirkungen von externen Kräften wie Erdanziehungskraft und Corioliskraft ist aus der Theorie nicht selbstverständlich. Es werden nötige Anpassungen beschrieben, die das Verfahren stabilisieren, ohne sogenannte „slope limiter” einzusetzen. Für das unmodifizierte Verfahren wird belegt, dass es nicht geeignet ist, atmosphärische Gleichgewichte stabil darzustellen. Das entwickelte stabilisierte Modell reproduziert eine Reihe von Standard-Testfällen der atmosphärischen Dynamik mit Euler- und Flachwassergleichungen in einem weiten Bereich von räumlichen und zeitlichen Skalen. Die Lösung der thermischen Windgleichung entlang der mit den Isobaren identischen charakteristischen Kurven liefert atmosphärische Gleichgewichtszustände mit durch vorgegebenem Grundstrom einstellbarer Neigung zu(barotropen und baroklinen)Instabilitäten, die für die Entwicklung von Zyklonen wesentlich sind. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Arbeiten sind diese Zustände direkt im z-System(Höhe in Metern)definiert und müssen nicht aus Druckkoordinaten übertragen werden.Mit diesen Zuständen, sowohl als Referenzzustand, von dem lediglich die Abweichungen numerisch betrachtet werden, und insbesondere auch als Startzustand, der einer kleinen Störung unterliegt, werden verschiedene Studien der Simulation von barotroper und barokliner Instabilität durchgeführt. Hervorzuheben ist dabei die durch die Formulierung von Grundströmen mit einstellbarer Baroklinität ermöglichte simulationsgestützte Studie des Grades der baroklinen Instabilität verschiedener Wellenlängen in Abhängigkeit von statischer Stabilität und vertikalem Windgradient als Entsprechung zu Stabilitätskarten aus theoretischen Betrachtungen in der Literatur. The dynamics of the Earth’s atmosphere encompass a range from microphysical turbulence over convective processes and cloud formation up to planetary wave patterns. For weather forecasting and the investigation of climate over decades and centuries, these are subject to modelling with numerical methods. With progressing development of computer technology, re-development of the dynamical cores of climate models is in order to properly handle processes covered by the increasing resolution. The dynamical core of a model consists of the adaptation(discretization)of the basic equations for the dynamics of mass, energy and momentum for solving them numerically employing computers. The presented work investigates the applicability of a low-order Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for atmospheric applications. With equations that include external forces like gravitation and the Coriolis force, that is not given by theory. Necessary changes for stabilizing the method without resorting to slope limiters are presented. For the unmodified method, the basic inability to properly keep atmospheric balances is demonstrated. The developed stabilized model reproduces a set of standard test cases in a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. The solution of the termal wind equation along its characteristics curves, those being identical to the isobars, produces balanced atmospheric states with tunable (barotropic and baroclinic) instability via a prescribed zonal wind field. The constructed instability directly relates to the generation of cyclones. In contrast to earlier works, these balanced states are directly given in the z system (height in meters), without need for elaborate conversion from pressure coordinates. With these constructed states, both as reference state, the deviations from which being considered numerically, and as especially as initial condition subject to a small perturbation, several studies of barotropic and baroclinic instability are conducted via simulations. Particularily, the construction of steady states with configurable zonal flows of certain baroclinity facilitates a simulation-based study of baroclinic instability of differing wavelengths, depending on static stability and vertical wind gradient, in correspondence with stability maps from theoretical considerations in the literature.
- Published
- 2014
5. Odd-even effects and the influence of length and specific positioning of alkoxy side chains on the optical properties of PPE-PPV polymers
- Author
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Egbe, D. A. M., Ulbricht, C., Orgis, Thomas, Carbonnier, B., Kietzke, Thomas, Peip, M., Metzner, M., Gericke, M., Birckner, Eckhard, Pakula, T., Neher, Dieter (Prof. Dr.), and Grumm, U. W.
- Subjects
Institut für Physik und Astronomie - Abstract
This contribution reports the combined influences of odd-even effects and the specific positioning of alkoxy side chains OR1 = (OCn+H-10(2(n+10)+1)) and OR2 = (OCnH2n+1) (with n = 6, 7, 8, 9) on the phenylene-ethynylene and phenylene- vinylene segments, respectively, on the optical properties of hybrid polymers P(n+10)/n of general repeating unit: -Ph-C equivalent to C-Ph-C equivalent to C-Ph-CH=CH-Ph-CH=CH-. For the polymeric materials, visual color impression varies alternatively between orange red (P16/6 and P18/8) and yellow (P17/7 and P19/9) according to the odd and even features of the alkoxy side chains, where odd or even relates to the total number of sp(3)-hybridized atoms within the side chains. This side chain related effect is ascribed to both absorptive and emissive behaviors of the polymers on the basis of photophysical investigations in the bulk. Almost identical thin film absorption spectra were obtained for all four materials; however, the photoluminescence of the odd polymers, P16/6 (lambda(f) = 556 nm) and P18/ 8 (lambda(f) = 614 nm), was red-shifted relative to that of their even counterparts (lambda(f) = 535 nm). Further, the P18/8 maximum at 614 nm can be readily assigned to excimer emission, as evidenced by the largest Stokes shift (5600 cm(- 1)), largest fwhmf-value (3700 cm(-1))(,) and the lowest Phi(f)-value of 24%. The strong pi-pi interchain interaction in P18/8, due to loose alkoxy side chains packing, does not only favor fluorescence quenching but also enable an effective inter- as well as intra-molecular recombination of the generated positive and negative polarons in electrolurninescence, which explains the good EL properties of this polymer irrespective of the solvent used. A voltage-dependent blue shift of the EL spectra of up to 100 nm was observed for P18/8 devices prepared from aromatic solvents. This red to green EL shift as observed with increasing voltage is assigned to conformational changes of the polymer chains with increasing temperature
- Published
- 2005
6. 'Unstetige Galerkin-Diskretisierung niedriger Ordnung in einem atmosphärischen Multiskalenmodell'
- Author
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Orgis, Thomas and Orgis, Thomas
- Published
- 2014
7. Gallium gradients in Cu(In,Ga)Se2thin-film solar cells
- Author
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Witte, Wolfram, primary, Abou-Ras, Daniel, additional, Albe, Karsten, additional, Bauer, Gottfried H., additional, Bertram, Frank, additional, Boit, Christian, additional, Brüggemann, Rudolf, additional, Christen, Jürgen, additional, Dietrich, Jens, additional, Eicke, Axel, additional, Hariskos, Dimitrios, additional, Maiberg, Matthias, additional, Mainz, Roland, additional, Meessen, Max, additional, Müller, Mathias, additional, Neumann, Oliver, additional, Orgis, Thomas, additional, Paetel, Stefan, additional, Pohl, Johan, additional, Rodriguez-Alvarez, Humberto, additional, Scheer, Roland, additional, Schock, Hans-Werner, additional, Unold, Thomas, additional, Weber, Alfons, additional, and Powalla, Michael, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Influence of band gradients on Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 solar cell diode factors
- Author
-
Orgis, Thomas, Maiberg, Matthias, Scheer, Roland, Orgis, Thomas, Maiberg, Matthias, and Scheer, Roland
- Abstract
The influence of band gap gradients on the charge collection and diode quality factor of solar cells is investigated by device simulation. A back surface band gap gradient manifested as a gradient of the conduction band is found to lead to an increased diode quality factor. Thus, the positive influence of the gradient on the fill factor is partially counterbalanced by the diode quality factor increase. The reason for the latter is the enhanced contribution of space charge region recombination. If the cell is equipped with a double gradient at front and back surfaces, the detrimental diode factor increase can be suppressed. The relevance of the findings is investigated using different carrier lifetimes and doping levels.
- Published
- 2013
9. The Spring-Time Boundary Layer in the Central Arctic Observed during PAMARCMiP 2009
- Author
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Lampert, Astrid, Maturilli, Marion, Ritter, Christoph, Hoffmann, Anne, Stock, Maria, Herber, Andreas, Birnbaum, Gerit, Neuber, Roland, Dethloff, Klaus, Orgis, Thomas, Stone, Robert S., Brauner, Ralf, Kässbohrer, Johannes, Haas, Christian, Makshtas, Alexander, Sokolov, Vladimir, Liu, Peter, Lampert, Astrid, Maturilli, Marion, Ritter, Christoph, Hoffmann, Anne, Stock, Maria, Herber, Andreas, Birnbaum, Gerit, Neuber, Roland, Dethloff, Klaus, Orgis, Thomas, Stone, Robert S., Brauner, Ralf, Kässbohrer, Johannes, Haas, Christian, Makshtas, Alexander, Sokolov, Vladimir, and Liu, Peter
- Abstract
The Arctic atmospheric boundary layer (AABL) in the central Arctic was characterized by dropsonde, lidar, ice thickness and airborne in situ measurements during the international Polar Airborne Measurements and Arctic Regional Climate Model Simulation Project (PAMARCMiP) in April 2009. We discuss AABL observations in the lowermost 500 m above (A) open water, (B) sea ice with many open/refrozen leads (C) sea ice with few leads, and (D) closed sea ice with a front modifying the AABL. Above water, the AABL had near-neutral stratification and contained a high water vapor concentration. Above sea ice, a low AABL top, low near-surface temperatures, strong surface-based temperature inversions and an increase of moisture with altitude were observed. AABL properties and particle concentrations were modified by a frontal system, allowing vertical mixing with the free atmosphere. Above areas with many leads, the potential temperature decreased with height in the lowest 50 m and was nearly constant above, up to an altitude of 100–200 m, indicating vertical mixing. The increase of the backscatter coefficient towards the surface was high. Above sea ice with few refrozen leads, the stably stratified boundary layer extended up to 200–300 m altitude. It was characterized by low specific humidity and a smaller increase of the backscatter coefficient towards the surface.
- Published
- 2012
10. Springtime Arctic aerosol: Smoke versus haze, a case study for March 2008
- Author
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Stock, Maria, Ritter, Christoph, Herber, Andreas, von Hoyningen-Huene, Wolfgang, Baibakov, Konstantin, Graeser, Jürgen, Orgis, Thomas, Treffeisen, Renate, Zinoviev, Nikita S., Makshtas, Alexander, Stock, Maria, Ritter, Christoph, Herber, Andreas, von Hoyningen-Huene, Wolfgang, Baibakov, Konstantin, Graeser, Jürgen, Orgis, Thomas, Treffeisen, Renate, Zinoviev, Nikita S., and Makshtas, Alexander
- Abstract
During March 2008 photometer observations of Arctic aerosol were performed both at a Russian ice-floe drifting station (NP-35) at the central Arctic ocean (56.7e42.0 E, 85.5e84.2 N) and at Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen (78.9 N, 11.9 E). Next to a persistent increase of AOD over NP-35, two pronounced aerosol events have been recorded there, one originating from early season forest fires close to the city of Khabarovsk (“Arctic Smoke”), the other one showed trajectories from central Russia and resembled more the classical Arctic Haze. The latter event has also been recorded two days later over Ny-Ålesund, both in photometer and lidar. From these remote sensing instruments volume distribution functions are derived and discussed. Only subtle differences between the smoke and the haze event have been found in terms of particle microphysics. Different trajectory analysis, driven by NCEP and ECMWF have been performed and compared. For the data set presented here the meteorological field, due to sparseness of data in the central Arctic, mainly limits the precision of the air trajectories.
- Published
- 2011
11. Remote sensing and in-situ measurements of tropospheric aerosol, a PAMARCMiP case study
- Author
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Hoffmann, Anne, Osterloh, Lukas, Stone, Robert, Lampert, Astrid, Ritter, Christoph, Stock, Maria, Tuneved, Peter, Hennig, Tabea, Böckmann, Christine, Li, Shao-Meng, Eleftheriadis, Kostas, Maturilli, Marion, Orgis, Thomas, Herber, Andreas, Neuber, Roland, Dethloff, Klaus, Hoffmann, Anne, Osterloh, Lukas, Stone, Robert, Lampert, Astrid, Ritter, Christoph, Stock, Maria, Tuneved, Peter, Hennig, Tabea, Böckmann, Christine, Li, Shao-Meng, Eleftheriadis, Kostas, Maturilli, Marion, Orgis, Thomas, Herber, Andreas, Neuber, Roland, and Dethloff, Klaus
- Abstract
In this work, a closure experiment for tropospheric aerosol is presented. Aerosol size distributions and single scattering albedo from remote sensing data are compared to those measured in-situ. An aerosol pollution event on 4 April 2009 was observed by ground based and airborne lidar and photometer in and around Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen, as well as by DMPS, nephelometer and particle soot absorption photometer at the nearby Zeppelin Mountain Research Station. The presented measurements were conducted in an area of 40 20 km around Ny-Ålesund as part of the 2009 Polar Airborne Measurements and Arctic Regional Climate Model Simulation Project (PAMARCMiP). Aerosol mainly in the accumulation mode was found in the lower troposphere, however, enhanced backscattering was observed up to the tropopause altitude. A comparison of meteorological data available at different locations reveals a stable multi-layer-structure of the lower troposphere. It is followed by the retrieval of optical and microphysical aerosol parameters. Extinction values have been derived using two different methods, and it was found that extinction (especially in the UV) derived from Raman lidar data significantly surpasses the extinction derived from photometer AOD profiles. Airborne lidar data shows volume depolarization values to be less than 2.5% between 500 m and 2.5 km altitude, hence, particles in this range can be assumed to be of spherical shape. In-situ particle number concentrations measured at the Zeppelin Mountain Research Station at 474m altitude peak at about 0.18 mmdiameter, which was also found for the microphysical inversion calculations performed at 850 m and 1500 m altitude. Number concentrations depend on the assumed extinction values, and slightly decrease with altitude as well as the effective particle diameter. A low imaginary part in the derived refractive index suggests weakly absorbing aerosols, which is confirmed by low black carbon concentrations, measured at the Zeppelin Mount
- Published
- 2011
12. Ground-based lidar measurements from Ny-Ålesund during ASTAR 2007
- Author
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Hoffmann, Anja, Ritter, Christoph, Stock, Maria, Shiobara, M., Lampert, Astrid, Maturilli, Marion, Orgis, Thomas, Neuber, Roland, Herber, Andreas, Hoffmann, Anja, Ritter, Christoph, Stock, Maria, Shiobara, M., Lampert, Astrid, Maturilli, Marion, Orgis, Thomas, Neuber, Roland, and Herber, Andreas
- Published
- 2009
13. Influence of interactive stratospheric chemistry on large-scale air mass exchange in a global circulation model
- Author
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Orgis, Thomas, Brand, Sascha, Schwarz, U., Handorf, Dörthe, Dethloff, Klaus, Kurths, J., Orgis, Thomas, Brand, Sascha, Schwarz, U., Handorf, Dörthe, Dethloff, Klaus, and Kurths, J.
- Published
- 2009
14. The Spring-Time Boundary Layer in the Central Arctic Observed during PAMARCMiP 2009
- Author
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Lampert, Astrid, primary, Maturilli, Marion, additional, Ritter, Christoph, additional, Hoffmann, Anne, additional, Stock, Maria, additional, Herber, Andreas, additional, Birnbaum, Gerit, additional, Neuber, Roland, additional, Dethloff, Klaus, additional, Orgis, Thomas, additional, Stone, Robert, additional, Brauner, Ralf, additional, Kässbohrer, Johannes, additional, Haas, Christian, additional, Makshtas, Alexander, additional, Sokolov, Vladimir, additional, and Liu, Peter, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Gallium gradients in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells.
- Author
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Witte, Wolfram, Abou‐Ras, Daniel, Albe, Karsten, Bauer, Gottfried H., Bertram, Frank, Boit, Christian, Brüggemann, Rudolf, Christen, Jürgen, Dietrich, Jens, Eicke, Axel, Hariskos, Dimitrios, Maiberg, Matthias, Mainz, Roland, Meessen, Max, Müller, Mathias, Neumann, Oliver, Orgis, Thomas, Paetel, Stefan, Pohl, Johan, and Rodriguez‐Alvarez, Humberto
- Subjects
GALLIUM compounds ,SOLAR cells ,SOLAR batteries ,PHOTOVOLTAIC cells ,MASS spectrometry - Abstract
The gallium gradient in Cu(In,Ga)Se
2 (CIGS) layers, which forms during the two industrially relevant deposition routes, the sequential and co-evaporation processes, plays a key role in the device performance of CIGS thin-film modules. In this contribution, we present a comprehensive study on the formation, nature, and consequences of gallium gradients in CIGS solar cells. The formation of gallium gradients is analyzed in real time during a rapid selenization process by in situ X-ray measurements. In addition, the gallium grading of a CIGS layer grown with an in-line co-evaporation process is analyzed by means of depth profiling with mass spectrometry. This gallium gradient of a real solar cell served as input data for device simulations. Depth-dependent occurrence of lateral inhomogeneities on the µm scale in CIGS deposited by the co-evaporation process was investigated by highly spatially resolved luminescence measurements on etched CIGS samples, which revealed a dependence of the optical bandgap, the quasi-Fermi level splitting, transition levels, and the vertical gallium gradient. Transmission electron microscopy analyses of CIGS cross-sections point to a difference in gallium content in the near surface region of neighboring grains. Migration barriers for a copper-vacancy-mediated indium and gallium diffusion in CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 were calculated using density functional theory. The migration barrier for the InCu antisite in CuGaSe2 is significantly lower compared with the GaCu antisite in CuInSe2 , which is in accordance with the experimentally observed Ga gradients in CIGS layers grown by co-evaporation and selenization processes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Odd−Even Effects and the Influence of Length and Specific Positioning of Alkoxy Side Chains on the Optical Properties of PPE−PPV Polymers
- Author
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Egbe, Daniel Ayuk Mbi, primary, Ulbricht, Christoph, additional, Orgis, Thomas, additional, Carbonnier, Benjamin, additional, Kietzke, Thomas, additional, Peip, Micha, additional, Metzner, Manuela, additional, Gericke, Martin, additional, Birckner, Eckhard, additional, Pakula, Tadeusz, additional, Neher, Dieter, additional, and Grummt, Ulrich-Walter, additional
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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