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Background: Around the world, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among all cancers. Despite advancements in new therapeutic approaches over the past few decades, the five-year survival rate still remains disappointing. The lack of effective anti-angiogenic and anti-migration drugs is the biggest obstacle to the treatment of metastatic lung cancer. Therefore, there is a need to develop new and effective therapeutic compounds targeting anti-angiogenic and anti-migration pathways for the treatment of lung cancer. Ornidazole is a nitroimidazole agent widely used in the treatment of parasitic infections such as trichomonas vaginalis, amebiasis and giardiasis. This study aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic and anti-mitotic activities of the anti-parasitic drug Ornidazole in two human lung cancer cell lines (A549, H1299). Methods: We determined the effects of Ornidazole, on cell viability, apoptosis, migration, angiogenesis and metastatic ability against NSCLC in lung cancer cell lines. Its action on the mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGFA, VEGFR2, NRP1, Casp9, Casp3, Bax, Bcl-2, PIK3CA, AKT, MTOR, PTEN and FOX3A was assessed. Furthermore, in this study the effects on cell migration, cell viability and proliferation was evaluated through wound healing, MTT and Crystal violet assays. Results: This study demonstrated that Ornidazole effectively reduces cell viability and migration ability, inhibits angiogenesis and metastatic abilities in NSCLC cells. Conclusions: In conclusion, these results may shed light on the treatment of NSCLC, and we suggest the anti-parasitic drug Ornidazole as a new agent with potential anti-angiogenic and anti-mitotic activity by interfering with the molecular pathways that trigger tumor angiogenesis and migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of Gongyanping capsule combined with levofloxacin and ornidazole in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (CPID) based on inflammatory immune regulation, in order to provide clinical guidance for the treatment of CPID patients. Methods: A total of 96 CPID patients admitted to our hospital from March 2021 to March 2023 were selected and divided into study group (n = 48) and control group (n = 48) by random number table method. The control group was treated with levofloxacin and ornidazole, and the study group was treated with Gongyanping capsule combined with lev- ofloxacin and Ornidazole. The clinical efficacy, clinical symptom improvement time, menstrual volume, pelvic inflammatory mass diam- eter, pelvic effusion depth, inflammatory response, immune function, incidence rate of adverse reactions and recurrence rate were com- pared between the two groups. Results: The total effective rate of the study group was 95.83% (46/48), higher than that of the control group (79.17% (38/48) (P < 0.05) The clinical symptom improvement time, in the study group was shorter than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the menstrual volume was less (P < 0.05) After treatment, the pelvic inflammatory mass diameter was shortened (P < 0.05) and the pelvic effusion depth was decreased (P < 0.05) and the pelvic inflammatory mass diameter in the study group was shorter than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the pelvic effusion depth was lower(P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of interleukin-1ẞ (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) and interferon-y(IFN-y) in two groups were decreased P < 0.05 ), and the levels in the study group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ increased in both groups (P < 0.05), and CD8+, immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) decreased (P < 0.05) and CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05) CD8+, IgA, IgM and IgG were lower P < 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05) . The recurrence rate of the study group was 2.08%(1/48), which was lower than that 16.67%(8/48) of the control group (P < 0.05) Conclusion: Gongyanping capsule combined with levofloxacin and Ornidazole has high clinical efficacy in the treatment of CPID patients, which can accelerate the relief of clinical symptoms, reduce menstrual volume, improve the pelvic inflammatory mass diameter and pelvic effusion depth, without increas- ing adverse reactions and avoiding disease recurrence, the mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of inflammatory and im- mune function of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of ofloxacin, ornidazole and racecadotril (Antof-OR) is used for the treatment of diarrhea. Due to the lack of a defined analytical approach upto this point, a rapid, accurate, repeatable, and easy HPLC method was developed to qualify and quantify these three APIs in mixed dose forms. In this study, the RP-HPLC method was used to quantify and qualify the marked dosage forms and to determine the stability of ofloxacin, ornidazole, and racecadotril in suspension dose form, along with the determination and quantification of different degradants. C18 column using ACN: MeOH: H2O (40:40:20 V/V/V) as mobile phase was studied. The flow was carried out at 1 mL min-1 to get a proper resolution between the peaks and UV was used as detector at 210 nm (isosbestic point). Retention times of ofloxacin, ornidazole, and racecadotril were 2.215, 3.113, and 4.650 minutes, respectively. The ICH Q2R1 guidelines for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness, Further, the force degradation study was carried out as per ICH Q1A and Q1B. The procedure exhibits high repeatability and recovery as % RSD was less than 2. As a result, the proposed strategy was determined to be straightforward, specified, accurate and linear. This newly developed and validated analytical method shall be helpful in the regular quantification of ofloxacin, ornidazole, racecadotril in pharmaceutical suspensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, an eco‐friendly, simple, inexpensive electrochemical sensor for the antibiotic ornidazole (ORN) was developed based on a carbon paste electrode modified by chitosan‐CaO nanocomposite (Chi‐CaO‐NC/CPE). Eggshell waste was utilized to prepare CaO‐NPs which were then combined with chitosan (Chi) to obtain Chi‐CaO‐NC/CPE. The prepared Chi‐CaO‐NC/CPE was characterized by different techniques such as XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDX. The produced sensor showed higher electrocatalytic activity toward ORN in (0.1 M) PBS (pH 7.0) than the unmodified CPE. The influence of pH and scanning rate on the reduction peak of ORN implies that the reduction process of ORN at the Chi‐CaO‐NC/CPE surface was a diffusion‐controlled reaction with four electrons and four protons. Additionally, under ideal conditions, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) revealed that the cathodic current was directly proportional to ORN concentrations within two various detection ranges of 0.015–0.3 μM and 0.3–4.5 μM. The limit of quantification (LOQ), and the limit of detection (LOD) were 0.0138 μM and 4.13×10−3 μM, respectively. Moreover, the fabricated sensor provided acceptable selectivity towards ORN, good stability, and repeatable response, with recoveries ranging from 95.8 %–102.0 %; this electrode was also successful in detecting ORN in commercial tablets and milk samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical and epidemiological studies indicated that there is an increased incidence of male infertility, with many cases that do not respond well to treatments. This study is aimed at evaluating the therapeutic effects of verapamil and tamoxifen against infertility, which may provide an essential strategy for the treatment of this disorder. A casecontrol study was conducted on 64 male albino rats, divided into four groups (16 for each); group A (control group); group B (infertile group that is induced by the ornidazole); and groups C and D, which are pretreated with verapamil and tamoxifen, respectively, in combination with ornidazole every day for four weeks. Serum levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed, and sperm parameters, including sperm count, sperm motility percentage, sperm morphology percentage, and sperm viability, were investigated. Furthermore, Motic Image Plus 2.0 ML was used to measure the mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules (SNT), and a morphometric analysis of 20 tubules per rat was also performed. The results revealed that both verapamil and tamoxifen provide a significant improvement in sperm count, motility, morphology, and dead sperm, with a significant improvement in testosterone, FSH, LH, GSH, NO, MDA, and SOD levels compared with the infertile group. Histophotometric results showed that verapamil and tamoxifen improved the number and size of SNT, Leydig cells, and Sertoli cell counts, which may indicate the promise of using these agents in the treatment of male infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New (bi)pyridine derivatives of the antimicrobial drug ornidazole were synthesized by alkylation of pyridyl- and 2,2′-bipyridyl-phenolic derivatives for the first time. The proposed methodology makes it possible to expand the range of ornidazole derivatives with increased antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Timely and effective treatments of pericoronitis are very important. We aimed to evaluate the role of ornidazole in the treatment of pericoronitis, to provide insights for clinical pericoronitis treatment. Material and methods The PubMed, Clinical trials, EMBASE, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Weipu and Wanfang databases were searched to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ornidazole in the treatment of pericoronitis from the establishment of the database to March 15, 2023. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 16 RCTs involving 2004 patients were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the effective rate of ornidazole treatment was significantly higher than that of the routine treatment group (RR = 1.22, 95% CI (1.15, 1.29), p < 0.001). Ornidazole treatment was beneficial to reduce the oral bacterial density (MD = –26.13, 95% CI (–32.08, –21.51)), time to pain disappearance (MD = –0.64, 95% CI (–0.92, –0.17)) and time to disappearance of redness and swelling of the teeth crown (MD = –1.45, 95% CI (–2.43, –1.01)) compared to the routine treatment (all p = 0.05). No publication bias was found by the funnel plots and Egger test (p = 0.206). Conclusions Ornidazole is effective in the treatment of pericoronitis, with more advantages. Still, the effects and safety of ornidazole in the treatment of pericoronitis need to be evaluated by more high-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes.

The corrosion inhibition performance of ornidazole was investigated as an eco-friendly option during the acid cleaning of carbon steel using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in combination with density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The inhibition efficiency was noted to rise with a rise in ornidazole concentration and exposure time. The maximum inhibition efficiency after 0, 1 and 7 days were attained at 1.6 g/L with values of 93.8, 96.2 and 98.7 %, respectively. Potentiodynamic polarization revealed that indazole is a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. EIS indicates and increase in corrosion resistance with ornidazole concentration. SEM/EDX were consistent with the electrochemical results and indicate that ornidazole inhibits steel corrosion by surface adsorption which was consistent with Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2 = 0.9999). The values of Kads indicate that ornidazole is more strongly adsorbed with an increase in concentration of ornidazole. The values of ΔGads (−5.69 to −11.75 kJ/mol) indicate that the adsorption is spontaneous. The inhibitory properties were found to be related to the molecular properties indicated by theoretical insights from DFT simulations which revealed susceptible adsorption sites on the ornidazole molecules from the deduced quantum descriptors, natural population analysis, density of states and molecular electrostatic potential. The results herein indicate that ornidazole is a suitable corrosion retardant for carbon steel in acidic environments.

A highly sensitive, accurate, and robust LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of ornidazole (ODZ) and miconazole (MCZ) in rat plasma using metronidazole (MTR) as an internal standard (IS). The analyte and IS were extracted from plasma by precipitating protein with acetonitrile and were chromatographed. The mobile phase was acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid (75:25 v/v). The total run time was 3 min, and the injection volume was 5.0 μL. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used, in which the transitions of m/z 417.10→m/z 160.90 for MCZ, m/z 220.10→m/z 127.90 for ODZ, and m/z 172.10→m/z 128.1 for IS were monitored. The linearity range of MCZ was 0.15 -- 250.0 ng/mL and 3.0-250.0 ng/mL for ODZ. The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) were found to be 0.05 ng/mL for MCZ and 1.0 ng/mL for ODZ in rat plasma. Recoveries of MCZ ranged between 75.33% -- 94.25% and ODZ ranged between 75.33% -- 95.54%. The quality control sample accuracy and precision (intra-day and inter-day) were -1.25% to 1.68% and 3.01% to 6.44% for MCZ and -1.31% to 1.88% and 3.34% to 6.98% for ODZ, respectively. The analytes and IS were stable during all sample storage and analysis procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ornidazole is frequently used for the prevention and treatment of anaerobic infections after caesarean section. There is still a lack of data on the excretion of ornidazole in breast milk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the transfer of ornidazole into colostrum and to assess the risk of infant exposure to the drug via breast milk. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using datasets of plasma and milk concentrations obtained from 77 breastfeeding women to examine the excretion kinetics of ornidazole. Various factors that may affect the excretion of ornidazole were investigated. The final model was then used to simulate ornidazole concentration–time profiles in both plasma and milk. The drug exposure in body fluids and the potential risk for breastfeeding were assessed based on the safety threshold. Plasma ornidazole concentration data could be described well by a one-compartment model, and concentrations in breast milk were linked to this model using an estimated milk-to-plasma concentration ratio (MPRcon). Significant variables that influenced drug exposure and MPRcon were identified as total bilirubin levels (TBIL) and postnatal sampling time, respectively. Simulations showed that women with abnormal liver function (TBIL > 17 μmol/L) had higher ornidazole levels in plasma and milk than those with normal liver function (TBIL < 17 μmol/L), but the exposures through colostrum of lactating women from both groups were below the safety threshold. This work provides a simple and feasible strategy for the prediction of drug exposure in breast milk and the assessment of breastfeeding safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In endodontics, revascularization and effective control of bacterial infection are prerequisite for regenerative repair of tissues and further development of the root apex. Ornidazole, carried in pulp-capping materials or vascularized scaffolding materials may control pulpal infections, but its effect on vascularization need to be investigated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the residual concentration pattern of ornidazole in root canals and to evaluate the effects of ornidazole on endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, as well as on vascular irritation. METHODS: (1) Ornidazole was encapsulated in the isolated pulp cavity and then immersed in Hank’s balanced salt solution for 7 days. Ornidazole was then removed from the pulp cavity, reencapsulated in sterile water, and again immersed in Hank’s balanced salt solution. The mass concentration of ornidazole in the pulp cavity fluid was measured periodically by colorimetric method. (2) Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were inoculated into well plates. Adherent cells were stimulated by the addition of lipopolysaccharide for 24 hours, and then co-cultured by the addition of 0, 1, 2, 5, 8, 10 μg/mL ornidazole, to detect the cellular activity and migratory ability. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were inoculated in well plates and co-cultured with different mass concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, 8, 10 μg/mL) of ornidazole or stimulated by lipopolysaccharide for 24 hours followed by the addition of different mass concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, 8, 10 μg/mL) of ornidazole. The gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor as well as the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was detected. (3) The chorioallantoic membrane assay was employed to assess the vascular irritation of 2 and 10 μg/mL ornidazole. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Residual ornidazole in exfoliated teeth was rapidly released within the initial 6 days, with a subsequent decrease in release rate, maintaining a concentration of approximately 2 μg/mL at the root apex after 8 days. Under lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory conditions, cell counting kit-8 and cell live-dead fluorescence staining showed that ornidazole (1-10 μg/mL) had no significant effect on the activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and the cell scratch assay showed that ornidazole (1-10 μg/mL) had no obvious effect on the migratory ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. RT-qPCR assay showed that, after co-cultivation with ornidazole alone, the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in human umbilical vein endothelial cells showed an overall decreasing trend. After co-culturing with ornidazole under lipopolysaccharideinduced inflammation, the mRNA expression of the two factors showed a rising trend in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Western blot assay showed that vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression had an elevating trend in human umbilical vein endothelial cells after co-culture with ornidazole under lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory conditions. The chorioallantoic membrane assay showed that 2 and 10 μg/mL ornidazole were non-vascular irritating. To conclude, 1-10 μg/mL ornidazole is non-cytotoxic and non-vascular irritating, promotes the expression of angiogenesis-related genes and proteins in inflammatory endothelial cells, and serves as a potential therapeutic agent for pulpal infection control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new spectrum filtration protocols have been developed and adapted to overcome some difficulties in dealing with highly overlapping triple drug mixtures by proposing new smart mathematical techniques that facilitate the resolution of the ternary mixture and the recovery of a filtrated zero-order spectrum (D0 spectrum) of each component without any overlapping from the accompanying components. The three established spectrophotometric protocols were conducted on the combination of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and ornidazole as a green alternative to the usual chromatographic technique: the first protocol is ratio difference-isosbestic points coupled with ratio difference-areas under the curve (RD-ISO/RD-AUC); the second protocol is ratio difference-isosbestic points coupled with dual-wavelength equation (RD-ISO/DWE); and the third protocol is signal retrieval by zero-crossing point (SRZ). All three developed protocols have the power to recover a filtrated zero-order spectrum of each ornidazole and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride without any involvement from the ciprofloxacin-induced degradation substance through processing their spectral data either in the zero-order spectrum, ratio spectrum, or derivative spectrum. The correctness of the spectral filtration process for each protocol was checked by involving the spectral print recognition index to ensure the drug's purity and freeness from impurities or degradation products. The validation process was performed as per the directions of ICH, which confirmed the effectiveness of the elaborated protocols and their usability as daily analysis methods with a linearity range of (3.5–15 μg/ml) for ciprofloxacin in (RD-ISO/RD-AUC) and (RD-AUC/DWE) protocols and (1.5–15 μg/ml) in (SRZ) protocol; and a linearity range of (3–20 μg/ml) for ornidazole in (RD-ISO/RD-AUC) and (SRZ) protocols and (3–15 μg/ml) in (RD-ISO/DWE) protocol. A statistical comparison and greenness evaluation utilizing NEMI, AGREE, GAPI, and CALIFICAMET-HEXAGON tools were made with the reference approach, confirming no statistical variations and a better greenness profile for the newly established protocols.

High‐performance thin‐layer chromatography offers a variety of benefits that may assist you to save time and money, notably the capacity to run multiple samples at once and its reduced solvent usage. In alignment with the needs of molecular chemistry, it was also employed to modify and derivatize the stationary phase. Using a precise, accurate, as well as affordable high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography approach, the simultaneous measurement method for Doxycycline monohydrate and Ornidazole in the formulation has been developed and validated. Methanol: Iso‐propyl alcohol: Triethylamine (8:1.5:0.5, v/v/v) was used as the mobile phase during the separation, which took place on a stationary phase of pre‐treated derivatized silica gel aluminum plate 60 F254. At 285 nm, separated components were densitometrically measured. The method was validated for Linearity and range, precision, reproducibility, accuracy, the limit of detection, the limit of quantification, and robustness as per the International Council for Harmonization Q2(R1) guideline. Doxycycline monohydrate and Ornidazole regression coefficients (R2) were found to be 0.9967 and 0.9964, accordingly. Doxycycline monohydrate and Ornidazole percentage recoveries were measured to be 99.74 ± 0.65 and 100.8 ± 1.17, respectively. The analytical findings demonstrate that the proposed approach could be used to quantify Doxycycline monohydrate and Ornidazole simultaneously in pharmaceutical formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fast reliable micellar electrokinetic methodology was investigated for the concurrent quantitation of six antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin, dexamethasone, metronidazole, ornidazole, spiramycin and tinidazole. The method has the merits of rapidity, precision, and sensitivity. The separation was carried out in less than 7 min by applying a basic background electrolyte consisting of 25 mM disodium tetraborate buffer, pH 9 containing 50 mM SDS at 25 kV using photodiode array detector at 230 and 315 nm. The internal standard used during analysis was cromolyn sodium and validation was carried out following ICH guidelines. The proposed method showed linear response over the range from 0.5 to 10.0 μg mL−1 reaching limits of detection and limits of quantitation in the ranges of 0.09–0.2 μg mL−1 and 0. 27–0.6 respectively. The method's greenness was estimated using the GAPI tool where excellent greenness was concluded. Co-formulated or single-ingredient commercial preparations were investigated and the results were statistically evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is the study of pharmaco-toxicological properties of the Ornidazole- and Levamisole hydrochloride-based drug.Materials and methods. The pharmaco-toxicological properties of the Ornidazole- and Levamisole hydrochloride-based drug were studied in the premises of the Laboratory of Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Stavropol State Agrarian University. Acute and chronic toxicity, and irritant effect of the drug was studied under the Guidelines for Preclinical Studies of Drugs (2012). Hematological studies of laboratory animals were performed with an automatic hematological analyzer, and biochemical studies of the blood serum were done with an automatic biochemical analyzer.Results and discussion. It has been found that the Ornidazole- and Levamisole hydrochloride-based drug belongs to the Hazard Class 3 for the median lethal oral dose in accordance with GOST 12.1.007–76 as moderately hazardous substances; it does not have a pronounced subchronic toxicity or irritant effect. Multiple use of the active substance for 14 days does not cause significant changes in the clinical condition, or in hematological and biochemical profile of laboratory animals.

Humic acid–based carbon dots (HACDs) have excellent properties and are widely used in environmental detection, bioimaging, and optoelectronic materials. Herein, we investigated the structure–activity relationship between the morphology and optical properties of HACDs, and reported on a novel strategy for metronidazole (MNZ) and ornidazole (ONZ) sensing in multiple real samples. It was found that the average particle size decreased from 3.28 to 2.44 nm, optimal emission wavelength was blue-shifted from 500 to 440 nm, and the quantum yield (QY) improved from 5 to 23% with the temperature increasing from 110 to 400 °C. Under the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4), the UV–vis spectra of HACD aqueous solution showed time-dependent behavior, and the fluorescence emission of HACDs achieved spectrally tunable multi-color luminescence in the temporal dimension. The surface of HACDs contained a large number of hydroxyl (–OH) and carboxyl (–COOH) fluorophores, resulting in excellent pH sensing. Meanwhile, the synthesized HACDs revealed sensitive response to MNZ and ONZ with the limit of detection (LOD) of 60 nM and 50 nM in aqueous solutions, which had also been successfully applied in various actual samples such as lake water, honey, eggs, and milk with satisfactory results because of the inner filter effect (IFE). Our research is advantageous to enhance the potential applications of HACDs in advanced analytical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical sensing of ornidazole (OR) was achieved with a highly selective sensor fabricated by a combination of an electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) and molecularly imprinted polydopamine (PDA). The sensor (OR‐imp@PDA/ERGO/GCE) was synthesized by electrochemical polymerization of dopamine (DA) on ERGO modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The analytical response of the sensor changed linearly with OR concentration varying from 1.5 × 10−9 M to 1.0 × 10−8 M and 1.0 × 10−8 M to 2.0 × 10−7 M, and the detection limit was defined as 1.1 × 10−9 M. The proposed sensor ensured the highly sensitive detection of OR concentration because of the advantages of ERGO and molecularly imprinted PDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oligoasthenozoospermia is an important factor leading to male infertility. Yangjing capsule (YC), a traditional Chinese preparation, displays beneficial effects on male infertility. However, whether YC could improve oligoasthenozoospermia remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of YC in the treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with 800 mg/kg ornidazole once daily for 30 days to induce in vivo oligoasthenozoospermia; primary Sertoli cells were treated with 400 µg/mL ornidazole for 24 h to induce in vitro oligoasthenozoospermia. Results: We found that YC improved the testicle and epididymis weight, sperm concentration, sperm progressive motility, serum testosterone, fertility rate and testis morphology in ornidazole-exposed rats and enhanced cell survival in ornidazole-stimulated primary Sertoli cells. YC also inhibited the ornidazolecaused decrease in nitric oxide (NO) generation and the phosphorylation of phospholipase C-1 (PLCγ1), AKT, and eNOS in vivo and in vitro in oligoasthenozoospermia. Furthermore, the knockdown of PLC-1 blunted the beneficial effects of YC in vitro. Conclusion: Collectively, our data suggested that YC protected against oligoasthenozoospermia by promoting NO levels through the PLCγ1/AKT/eNOS pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction of antiprotozoan drug Ornidazole (ONZ) with single and mixed micellar surfactant systems were probed through FTIR, UV–Visible spectrophotometry, Cloud point, SEM and Cyclic Voltametric measurements. The surfactants employed were two polymeric surfactants, viz., Pluronic L-35 and F-127. The FTIR studies pointed at shorter and strong bonding between the drug and mixed micelle compared to the drug and single micellar systems. The cyclic voltametric study revealed active interaction between ONZ and the all the three micellar systems. This could be due to electron transfer operative around the electrode which is reflected in the oxidation and reduction peaks. The UV absorption spectrum of ONZ showed higher absorbance with the mixed micellar system L-35 + F-127 compared to that with single micellar systems of L-35 and F-127. This reflected greater solubilization of drug in the mixed micellar system. Based on the results we propose that ONZ can be solubilized in a mixed micellar medium of L-35 + F-127 for better efficacy compared to the single surfactant F-127 which is the most widely used surfactant in pharmaceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Cd-HCIA-3 coordination polymer was successfully synthesized, showcasing remarkable fluorescence properties and stability. Theoretical DFT calculations were used to predict the fluorescence sensing capabilities of Cd-HCIA-3. Fluorescence sensing experiment confirmed that Cd-HCIA-3 efficiently detects NB and ORN in aqueous solutions, validating the DFT predictions. [Display omitted] • The Cd-HCIA-3 with attractive fluorescence properties was synthesized by 5-H 3 CIA and 2,2′-bipy ligands. • ESP, PET, Δ E LUMO , pore size, and trap state were used as chemical descriptors to predict the fluorescence sensing properties of Cd-HCIA-3. • The intermolecular charge transfer is the main cause of fluorescence quenching. • The weak intermolecular interaction plays an important role in electron transfer process. • Cd-HCIA-3 can selectively detect NB and ORN in aqueous solutions. The improper utilization of nitrobenzene (NB) and ornidazole (ORN) has resulted in irreversible effects on the environment. By combining experimental investigation, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and machine learning, an effective green strategy for detecting NB and ORN in aqueous solutions can be developed. In this study, a one-dimensional Cd-based coordination polymer (Cd-HCIA-3) was designed and synthesized using 5-((4-carboxybenzyl)oxy)isophthalic acid and rigid 2,2′-bipyridine under solvothermal reaction conditions. Cd-HCIA-3 exhibits excellent fluorescence properties and stability in aqueous solutions. DFT calculations were performed to predict the fluorescence sensing performance of Cd-HCIA-3, revealing that photoinduced electron transfer is the key mechanism for inducing fluorescence quenching in the presence of NB and ORN, with weak molecular interactions promoting electron transfer. Fluorescence sensing experiments were conducted to verify the DFT results, showing that Cd-HCIA-3 can selectively detect NB and ORN in aqueous solutions with limits of detection of 7.22 × 10−8 and 1.31 × 10−7 mol/L, respectively. This study's findings provide valuable insights into the design and synthesis of fluorescent coordination polymers for target analytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Periodontitis is a multi-factorial chronic inflammatory disease of attachment apparatus of teeth with microorganisms playing a major role. To address periodontal disease various strategies have been adopted to target these periodonto-pathogens. Various antimicrobial drugs (systemic as well as local) are effectively used to control the disease. However due to various side effects of systemic administration of the drugs like gastro intestinal disturbances, development of resistant organisms, high dosage of the drug required, local delivery of the drug is a better option as the drug is directly delivered at the site of infection with minimum dosage and maximum response achieved thus eliminating all the undesired effects of the drug. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of 10% povidone iodine with 2% metronidazole and 1% ornidazole with 0.25% chlorhexidine gel as local delivery systems for the reduction in the pocket depth, changes in CAL, gingival inflammation. Materials and methods: A total of 20 patients diagnosed with mild-moderate chronic periodontitis were divided into two groups in a split-mouth study design - Group I and Group II with each group containing 20 sites with probing depth of >5 mm, CAL =3 mm. In Group I, 10% povidine-iodine gel with 2% metronidazole was delivered inside the pocket and Group II, 1% ornidazole with 0.25% chlorhexidine was used as a local delivery system in adjunct to scaling and root planning. In both groups, medications were delivered at weekly interval for a period of 4 weeks. Baseline and 4 weeks measurements were done and compared for probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment levels (CAL) and gingival inflammation. Results: The results obtained were statistically analyzed. Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in terms of clinical parameters. However, there was statistically insignificant difference when compared between the two groups. The results clearly demonstrate that both povidone iodine with metronidazole and ornidazole with chlorhexidine are also useful in controlling the acute phase of the periodontal disease in adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRP). Conclusion: Both drugs when used as an adjunct to scaling and root planning enhances probing pocket depth reduction, change in clinical attachment levels and gingival inflammation in mildmoderate chronic periodontitis cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ornidazole is frequently used for the prevention and treatment of anaerobic infections after caesarean section. There is still a lack of data on the excretion of ornidazole in breast milk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the transfer of ornidazole into colostrum and to assess the risk of infant exposure to the drug via breast milk. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using datasets of plasma and milk concentrations obtained from 77 breastfeeding women to examine the excretion kinetics of ornidazole. Various factors that may affect the excretion of ornidazole were investigated. The final model was then used to simulate ornidazole concentration–time profiles in both plasma and milk. The drug exposure in body fluids and the potential risk for breastfeeding were assessed based on the safety threshold. Plasma ornidazole concentration data could be described well by a one-compartment model, and concentrations in breast milk were linked to this model using an estimated milk-to-plasma concentration ratio (MPRcon). Significant variables that influenced drug exposure and MPRcon were identified as total bilirubin levels (TBIL) and postnatal sampling time, respectively. Simulations showed that women with abnormal liver function (TBIL > 17 μmol/L) had higher ornidazole levels in plasma and milk than those with normal liver function (TBIL < 17 μmol/L), but the exposures through colostrum of lactating women from both groups were below the safety threshold. This work provides a simple and feasible strategy for the prediction of drug exposure in breast milk and the assessment of breastfeeding safety.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of ornidazole in inhibiting the progression of endometriosis in a rat model. Design: This was an in vivo experiment, including the ornidazole group (n = 16) and a control group (n = 14). Rats were provided with free access to water containing ornidazole (1 g/L) or drinking water only for 14 days. Materials and Methods: Surgical induction of endometriosis was performed in Sprague Dawley rats via autologous endometrial transplantation. Rats were provided with free access to water containing ornidazole (1 g/L) or drinking water only for 14 days. Once the rats were euthanized (ornidazole group, n = 16; control group, n = 14), histological signatures and the volumes of endometriosis lesions were assessed. Cells positive for the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were counted. Angiogenesis was identified by assessing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density. Results: The median lesion volume was lower in the ornidazole group (20.2 mm3; range, 5.7–53.3 mm3) than in the control group (81.3 mm3; range, 32.8–122.2 mm3; p = 0.007). Median IL-1β cell counts were 5.3 (range, 4.5–6.4) for ornidazole and 11.7 (range, 9.4–15.4) for control (p < 0.001). Mean IL-6 cell counts were 5.6 ± 1.8 for ornidazole and 11.3 ± 4.1 for control (p < 0.001). Median TNF-α cell counts were 5.7 (range, 4.5–7.2) for ornidazole and 12.1 (range, 10.0–15.9) for control (p < 0.001). Median VEGF cell counts were 8.1 (range, 6.5–11.4) for ornidazole and 18.3 (range, 14.2–21.0) for control (p = 0.001). Median microvessel density values were 11.3/HPF (range, 7.7–21.8) for ornidazole and 28.7/HPF (range, 13.1–48.2) for control (p = 0.012). Limitations: This study is a short period and small sample size experiment. In this study, multiple drug concentrations were not used. We did not use in vitro models to assess the anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic effects of ornidazole on endometriosis, and the specific anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic mechanisms associated with ornidazole need to be further investigated. Conclusion: Ornidazole restricts the growth of endometriosis in rats, possibly by exerting anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Infectious inflammatory and dysbiotic diseases of the vagina represent a major concern facing obstetric and gynecological science. Individually, the two most common specific diseases can be distinguished, namely: bacterial vaginosis (BV) and nonspecific vaginitis (NV). The therapeutic strategy for these diseases requires a word of clarification and adjustment.Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of treatment with the combination drug Orcepol WM (ciprofloxacin (500 mg) and ornidazole (500 mg)) and a combination of monopreparations in a dosage form similar to Orcepol WM.Materials and methods. As a comparison object, we used the method of simultaneous administration by patients of tablet forms of ciprofloxacin and ornidazole as mono-preparations in a dosage of 500 mg similar to Orcepol. The study included 64 patients with diagnoses of “bacterial vaginosis” or “nonspecific vaginitis” or "decompensated mixed vaginal dysbiosis". The average age of the patients was 35.34 ± 5.95 years. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 32) received the combination drug Orcepol WM, group 2 (n = 32) received ciprofloxacin and ornidazole with two mono-preparations. The drugs were prescribed as a five-day course, two times a day. The patients were followed up by a doctor during two visits and one remote interview on day 30–45 after the end of treatment (visit 2).Results. In both groups, all patients received a full course of antibacterial therapy. There were no adverse drug reactions. In both groups, there was an improvement in clinical symptoms from the first to the second visit: discomfort, itching, burning, dyspareunia, hyperemia of the mucous membrane against the background of normalization of laboratory findings of the vaginal microbiocenosis condition. At the same time, the best results were higher in group 1. Manifestation of mycotic vaginitis with the development of strong clinical symptomatology on days 3 and 4 of treatment respectively were recorded in 4 (12.5%) patients from group 1 and 7 (21.9%) from group 2. The results of comparative observation showed that the number of relapses after the end of therapy were the same in group 1 (8 out of 32 patients, 25%) and in group 2 (9 out of 32 patients, 28%). The relapse occurred on average day 12 and 17 after the end of therapy, respectively.Сonclusion. Thus, the use of Orcepol WM showed a greater therapeutic efficacy as compared to the use of tablet forms of ciprofloxacin and ornidazole in similar dosages as a single-drug administration, which can be explained by a stronger patients' adherence to the treatment.

Postoperative infection caused by bacteria and limited amounts of regenerated tissue are important factors affecting the efficacy of guided tissue regeneration (GTR). However, a simple GTR membrane functions only as a mechanical barrier for isolation and lacks the ability to resist bacteria and actively induce tissue regeneration. In this study, an ornidazole (ONZ)/basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/wool keratin (WK) composite membrane with a core/shell structure was prepared by emulsion electrospinning. ONZ was used in the shell layer to inhibit bacteria and bFGF in the core layer to accelerate tissue regeneration. The ONZ/bFGF composite membrane, with early substantial release of ONZ within 7 days and slow sustained release of bFGF for more than 28 days, exhibited good cell barrier function, cytocompatibility and degradability, and inhibited the proliferation of Pg, Fn and Pa over 21 days. Moreover, this composite membrane facilitated periodontal tissue regeneration and rapid wound healing. The ONZ/bFGF-loaded composite membrane is a strong candidate as a GTR membrane for periodontal tissue regeneration, and it also holds great potential as a functional dressing for skin defect repair. These results will broaden the prospects for the construction and application of multifunctional tissue engineering scaffolds for sustained drug release.

Introduction: Surgical site infections are a serious cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Various preventive measures are being used to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections. One of them is the use of prophylactic antibiotics. In this study, authors have evaluated three antibiotic regimen with respect to preventing infectious morbidity in caesarean section. Aim: To study the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a single dose (ceftriaxone) versus multiple doses of antibiotic therapy (ceftriaxone and ornidazole) administered preoperatively in women undergoing caesarean delivery. Materials and Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted on 300 pregnant women undergoing emergency or elective caesarean delivery. Study was conducted at BLDE (DU) Shri BM Patil Medical College and Research Centre, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups by block random sampling with 100 women in each group. Group A received Inj. ceftriaxone 1gm single dose 60 minutes prior to commencement of surgery. Group B received Inj. ceftriaxone 1 gm along with Inj. ornidazole 500 mg intravenous infusion 60 minutes prior to commencement of surgery and Group C received Inj. ceftriaxone 1 gm and Inj. ornidazole 500 mg intravenous infusion 60 minutes prior to commencement of surgery and a repeat dose 12th hourly for 24 hours followed by Tab. cefixime 200 mg and Tab. ornidazole 500 mg twice daily for four days postoperatively. The effectiveness of therapy was measured in terms of adverse effects of antibiotics such as nausea and vomiting and postoperative complications like pyrexia, foul smelling lochia, surgical site infections, uterine tenderness, peritonitis and endometritis. Results: There was no statistical difference in outcome measures in side-effects of antibiotics (p-value=0.13), fever (p-value=0.68), lochia discharge (p-value=0.88), wound infection (p-value=0.39) and peritonitis (p-value=0.30) among the three groups. The single dose medication in group A had a cost of Rs.60 INR (0.82 cents USD), which was significantly less compared to the multiple dose regimens in group B that cost Rs.203 INR ($2.76 USD). The mean hospital stay in non infectious and infectious patients were 5 and 10 days in present study (p

Inflammatory diseases of the vagina related to imbalanced microflora composition represent one of the most common gynecological diseases primarily dealt with by obstetrician/gynecologists. Such diseases markedly worsen female patient quality of life as well as affect female reproductive system resulting both in altered fertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes. By now, multiple therapeutic and preventive protocols have been proposed to manage such diseases, but insufficient therapeutic efficacy and frequent relapses require further investigations. The aim of the study was to evaluate an effect of the drug Elgyna (Wertex, Russia) consisting of antibacterial, antifungal and glucocorticoid agents on local immunity in females with bacterial vaginosis and nonspecific vaginitis. For this, there were examined and treated 24 females enrolled to the study, who underwent gynecological examination (speculum and bimanual vaginal examination), cervical epithelium microscopy, and calculating karyopicnotic index. Special attention was paid to quantifying level of cytokines IL-6, IL-10, TNFα in vaginal smears before and after therapy with the drug Elgyna. It was found that by the end of the therapy course vaginally administered Elgyna resulted in significantly ameliorated clinical symptoms and normalized microscopic parameters of vaginal discharge. Moreover, this drug consisting of antibacterial, antifungal and glucocorticoid agents did not suppress vaginal epithelium proliferation, but lowered production of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα in vaginal smears and shifted toward anti-inflammatory cytokine production. This evidence pathogenetically justifies administration of the drug Elgyna in females with bacterial vaginosis and nonspecific vaginitis as an anti-inflammatory medicine. Efficacy and safety of the two-step therapeutic approach consisting of antibacterial therapy followed by vaginal microbiota recovery for treating inflammatory diseases of vaginal mucosa were confirmed in multiple randomized clinical trials. We envision that such therapeutic concept might be added with a third component implying correction of local vaginal immunity aimed at normalizing the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

The stable CPs were synthesized by dicarboxylate and N -donor and used as photocatalyst against aromatic dyes. CP 3 shows exceptional photocatalytic activity against ornidazole. The proposed photodegradation mechanism was investigated in detail. [Display omitted] • Three new transition-based coordination polymers were synthesized using co- ligand strategy. • The photocatalytic mechanism of 3 was discussed by radical trapping experiments. • CP 3 exhibits exceptional photocatalytic activity against ornidazole. Preserving the environment, ensuring civilian safety and safeguarding human health demand the targeted and precise decomposition of harmful wastewater components. In recent decades, coordination polymers (CPs) have proven effective as photocatalysts for detecting and breaking down antibiotics, offering a promising solution to this pressing issue. Three new stable CPs of [Co(HL)(1,4-bib)·H 2 O] n (1), [Co(HL)(4,4-bib)] n (2) and [Ni(HL)(4,4-bib)] n (3), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions using the main ligand 4′-(3,4-dicarboxylphenyloxy)-4-biphenylcarboxylic acid (H 3 L), 4-bis(1-imidazoly)benzene (1,4-bib) and 4,4′-bis(imidazolyl)biphenyl (4,4-bib) as a spacer. Characterization via various spectral techniques and single crystal X-ray studies confirmed their structures. Furthermore, the CPs 1 – 3 demonstrated efficacy as catalysts for the degradation of the antibiotic ornidazole (ODZ) in an aqueous medium, with catalyst (3) exhibiting notably high selectivity and efficiency compared to the other two CPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fluorescent probe based on bovine serum albumin stabilized copper nanoclusters (BSA-CuNCs) was developed for the selective and sensitive determination of ornidazole (ORN). The nanoclusters were synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal process in basic media. The synthesized and characterized BSA-CuNCs have less than 3 nm particle size and exhibited blue emission at 405 nm when excited at 325 nm. Synthesized and characterized nanoclusters were successfully applied as a turn-off fluorescent probe for the determination of ORN in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The quenching mechanism created an was inner filter effect (IFE). The method was linear in the concentration range of 0.52-13.56 µg mL-1 with a low limit of detection (LOD) 0.01 µg mL-1. High recovery values (98.5%-102.42%) with low RSD% values (0.25%-2.73%) were obtained. The synthesized nanoclusters can be used as a turn-off probe for ORN determination with their selective, simple, rapid, and inexpensive properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance. Empirical treatment of vaginitis is indicated due to its polymicrobial etiology and limited microbiological analysis. The aim of the study was to study the combination of ornidazoleneomycinprednisoloneeconazole (ONPE, Elzhina) as a first-line drug for local treatment of patients with various forms of non-specific vaginitis. Materials and methods. The study included 55 non-pregnant women aged 18 to 50 years (381.5 years) who had clinical and laboratory signs of acute vaginitis. Results. All patients at the initial treatment complained of pathological discharge, 47 (85.5%) noted itching, burning, pain in the genital area of various degrees of severity, 17 (30.9%) discomfort when urinating, 9 (16.4%) unpleasant smell, 8 (14.5%) dyspareunia, 4 (2.2%) complained of sensations of a foreign body in the vagina. The clinical and laboratory effectiveness of treatment was 89.1% (49). In 6 (10.9%) patients, clinical improvement was noted, with the remaining laboratory signs of aerobic vaginitis. Conclusion. The new combination of ornidazoleneomycinprednisoloneeconazole (ONPE, Elzhina ) has a good efficacy and safety profile and can be used to initiate empirical treatment of non-specific inflammatory diseases of the lower genital tract.

Objectives: Using different activated heterocyclic amines to prepare diazonium salts to be coupled with ornidazole (heterocyclic agent) to form the azo linkage compounds (A1, A2) as possible antimicrobial agent. Methods: The synthetic process involves the preparation of diazonium salts by diazotization reaction of sulfamethoxazole and 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol that contain primary amino groups with (HNO2) acid in the presence of HCl at about 0°C. Then, azo compounds (A1, A2) were synthesized, by the reaction of nitroimidazole derivative (ornidazole) with the prepared diazonium salts at 0-5°C, and the chemical structure of these compounds were characterized and confirmed by measuring its Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrum and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H1-NMR) spectrum. Results: Thin layer chromatography and melting point measurements were used to establish the product's purity. This compound was tested for antimicrobial activity using the broth microdilution spectrometric method on five different strains of bacteria and one strain of fungi, as well as the BACTEC MGIT 960 system for mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. Conclusion: Using levofloxacin and nystatin as reference drugs, the compounds (A1, A2) showed moderate to good action against tested gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and fungi, but no activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eco-friendly synthesis of metal oxides pn junction composite with high visible light absorption and its photoelectrochemical monitoring on antibiotics is reported. The In2O3-CuO pn heterojunction composite was successfully prepared by in-situ hydrothermal decoration of CuO on the prepared In2O3 using a simple reflux method. The obtained nanorods like In2O3-CuO pn heterojunction exhibited high conductivity with excellent stability for the facilitated photoelectrochemical detection of ornidazole (ONZ) that plays a role in aquatic toxicology. The photo-stability and optical characteristics of the In2O3-CuO heterojunction composite were analyzed through photocurrent and UV–visible studies. Mechanism of ONZ signaling has been proposed with appropriate band levels derived by Mott-Schottky analysis. An optimized In2O3-CuO heterojunction detects ONZ in the range 0.05–65.3 nM with 0.0092 nM as the limit of detection at − 0.45 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) working potential. The practical applicability of the sensor device was tested in chicken meat, human urine, and lake water samples containing ONZ. The recoveries of real samples were above 95% and results obtained were compared with electrochemical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nosema ceranae Fries, 1996, causes contagious fungal nosemosis disease in managed honey bees, Apis mellifera L. It is associated around the world with winter losses and colony collapse disorder. We used a laboratory in vivo screening assay to test curcumin, fenbendazole, nitrofurazone and ornidazole against N. ceranae in honey bees to identify novel compounds with anti-nosemosis activity compared to the commercially available medication Fumagilin-B®. Over a 20-day period, Nosema-inoculated bees in Plexiglas cages were orally treated with subsequent dilutions of candidate compounds, or Fumagilin-B® at the recommended dose, with three replicates per treatment. Outcomes indicated that fenbendazole suppressed Nosema spore proliferation, resulting in lower spore abundance in live bees (0.36 ± 1.18 million spores per bee) and dead bees (0.03 ± 0.25 million spores per bee), in comparison to Fumagilin-B®-treated live bees (3.21 ± 2.19 million spores per bee) and dead bees (3.5 ± 0.6 million spores per bee). Our findings suggest that Fumagilin-B® at the recommended dose suppressed Nosema. However, it was also likely responsible for killing Nosema-infected bees (24% mortality). Bees treated with fenbendazole experienced a greater survival probability (71%), followed by ornidazole (69%), compared to Nosema-infected non-treated control bees (20%). This research revealed that among screened compounds, fenbendazole, along with ornidazole, has potential effective antifungal activities against N. ceranae in a controlled laboratory environment.

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical features, causative drugs, and diagnostic challenges of Fixed drug eruption (FDE) in elderly patients. Material and Methods: In this single-center, retrospective, cross-sectional study, we evaluated data of all consecutive adult patients (aged >18 years) with an established diagnosis of FDE between 1996-2018 in our tertiary referral center in Turkey. Elderly patients who were aged ≥60 years at the time of diagnosis were allocated to the study. Results: Among 182 adult FDE patients, 14 (7.7%) patients (male/ female=1/1.8) were in the elderly group (mean age=66.1±6.9 years). Fix drug eruption was induced by intermittently taken drugs in all patients, 50% of whom had polypharmacy (concurrent use of ≥5 medications). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (42.9%) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (35.7%) were the main causative drugs, while ornidazole was a remarkable novel FDE inducer since 2011. Fix drug eruption was mostly located on the trunk and extremities. Mucosal involvement was less frequent. Ten (71.4%) patients had bullous FDE (BFDE). There were no statistically significant differences between the gender and mean ages of the patients with and without BFDE. Conclusion: Our long-term experience demonstrated that FDE may also affect elderly patients. Most of the patients had BFDE raising the question of whether the bullous type is a more common clinical phenotype in these patients. Among the important diagnostic challenges of FDE in this age group, e.g., polypharmacy, multimorbidity, recall problems, cognitive disorders, frailty, and immunosenescence, BFDE should also be kept in mind as it may clinically mimic Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, and autoimmune bullous diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the common vaginal infections among childbearing women. The usual treatment for BV is metronidazole; hence 30% of women have recurrence within 60 to 90 days after treatment. There are some studies which assessed the effect of secnidazole on BV. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness of secnidazole for treatment of BV. Methods The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science (all databases from inception till October 28, 2018) were searched. Primary outcomes were clinical cure rate and microbiologic cure rate and the secondary outcomes were adverse events. Data was extracted from eligible studies by two review authors individually and analyzed by RevMan 5.3. Results Our search found six trials involving 1528 participants. Treatment with 2 g secnidazole could significantly reduce the risk of BV in patients with three or less episodes of BV in the last year by OR: 7.54 (95% CI, 3.89–14.60, p

Introduction: Surgical site infections are a serious cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Various preventive measures are being used to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections. One of them is the use of prophylactic antibiotics. In this study, authors have evaluated three antibiotic regimen with respect to preventing infectious morbidity in caesarean section. Aim: To study the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a single dose (ceftriaxone) versus multiple doses of antibiotic therapy (ceftriaxone and ornidazole) administered preoperatively in women undergoing caesarean delivery. Materials and Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted on 300 pregnant women undergoing emergency or elective caesarean delivery. Study was conducted at BLDE (DU) Shri BM Patil Medical College and Research Centre, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups by block random sampling with 100 women in each group. Group A received Inj. ceftriaxone 1gm single dose 60 minutes prior to commencement of surgery. Group B received Inj. ceftriaxone 1gm along with Inj. ornidazole 500mg intravenous infusion 60 minutes prior to commencement of surgery and Group C received Inj. ceftriaxone 1gm and Inj. ornidazole 500mg intravenous infusion 60 minutes prior to commencement of surgery and a repeat dose 12th hourly for 24 hours followed by Tab. cefixime 200mg and Tab. ornidazole 500mg twice a day for four days postoperatively. The effectiveness of therapy was measured in terms of adverse effects of antibiotics such as nausea and vomiting and postoperative complications like pyrexia, foul smelling lochia, surgical site infections, uterine tenderness, peritonitis and endometritis. Results: There was no statistical difference in outcome measures in side-effects of antibiotics (p=0.13), fever (p=0.68), lochia discharge (p=0.88), wound infection (p=0.39) and peritonitis (p=0.30) among the three groups. The single dose medication in group A had a cost of Rs.60 INR (0.82 cents USD), which was significantly less compared to the multiple dose regimens in group B that cost Rs.203 INR ($2.76 USD). The mean hospital stay in non-infectious and infectious patients were 5 and 10 days in present study (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Caesarean delivery poses 5-20 times greater risk of postoperative infection when compared to vaginal birth. There has been a shifting trend of increasing caesarean deliveries and postoperative infections can contribute to overwhelming health and economic burden. Present study shows outcome measures which were statistically insignificant among the three study groups with different prophylactic regimen for caesarean delivery, so it's safe to state that both single dose and multiple dose regimen provided equal protective coverage in reducing maternal infectious morbidity. Also, single dose regimen proved to be cost-effective. So, to conclude single dose prophylactic antibiotic given preoperatively in caesarean section is both cost-effective and as is efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most complex problems of modern surgery is the treatment and prevention of anaerobic infection. Main place in overcoming of this infectious complication is devoted to urgent surgical intervention and correct early empiric antibacterial therapy. Special place in the combined empiric antibacterial treatment is devoted to 5-nitroimidazoles. Modern data about clinical efficacy of ornidazole in the treatment of surgical infectious complications is presented in the article. We performed a comparison of therapeutic activity and physical-chemical properties, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of ornidazole with the first representative of 5-nitroimidazole class – metronidazole. Taking into account antiprotozoal and antianaerobic activity of ornidazole, it is recommended to be used in the schemes of combined therapy of severe generalized anaerobic infections and purulent processes of different localization; treatment and prevention of surgical infections after intraabdominal, thoracic, proctological and dental surgical interventions.

Aim: The present article focuses on development of sensitive, simple, precise, accurate and inexpensive stability indicating assay method for the simultaneous estimation of Ofloxacin and Ornidazole in bulk was established using RP-HPLC. Materials and Methods: The separation was done with C18 Phenomenex Hyperclone BDS column (250×4.6mm, 5μ) at a temperature of 25°C using a mobile phase of acetonitrile: pH 5.8 ammonium acetate buffer of ratio 25:75 with a flow rate of 1ml/min. The detection was done at 293nm and 311nm and the retention time for Ofloxacin and Ornidazole was 4.278 min and 6.750 m respectively. Results: The method was seen to be linear over the range of 2-16μg/ml for both drugs. The method was precise and robust with LOD of 0.331 and 0.360 and LOQ of 1.005 μg/ml and 1.092 μg/ml for Ofloxacin and Ornidazole respectively. The drugs were subjected to stress conditions in acidic, alkaline, oxidative, thermal and photolytic conditions. Conclusion: The method for this simultaneous estimation was found to be accurate, precise, fast and simple with a run time within 8 min. This method developed was applied with success for the assay and dissolution studies in tablet formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]