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1. OOWL500: Overcoming Dataset Collection Bias in the Wild

Author

Leung, Brandon, Ho, Chih-Hui, Persekian, Amir, Orozco, David, Chang, Yen, Sandstrom, Erik, Liu, Bo, and Vasconcelos, Nuno

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

The hypothesis that image datasets gathered online "in the wild" can produce biased object recognizers, e.g. preferring professional photography or certain viewing angles, is studied. A new "in the lab" data collection infrastructure is proposed consisting of a drone which captures images as it circles around objects. Crucially, the control provided by this setup and the natural camera shake inherent to flight mitigate many biases. It's inexpensive and easily replicable nature may also potentially lead to a scalable data collection effort by the vision community. The procedure's usefulness is demonstrated by creating a dataset of Objects Obtained With fLight (OOWL). Denoted as OOWL500, it contains 120,000 images of 500 objects and is the largest "in the lab" image dataset available when both number of classes and objects per class are considered. Furthermore, it has enabled several of new insights on object recognition. First, a novel adversarial attack strategy is proposed, where image perturbations are defined in terms of semantic properties such as camera shake and pose. Indeed, experiments have shown that ImageNet has considerable amounts of pose and professional photography bias. Second, it is used to show that the augmentation of in the wild datasets, such as ImageNet, with in the lab data, such as OOWL500, can significantly decrease these biases, leading to object recognizers of improved generalization. Third, the dataset is used to study questions on "best procedures" for dataset collection. It is revealed that data augmentation with synthetic images does not suffice to eliminate in the wild datasets biases, and that camera shake and pose diversity play a more important role in object recognition robustness than previously thought.

Published
2021

2. Dementia in Latin America: Paving the way toward a regional action plan.

Author

Parra, Mario Alfredo, Baez, Sandra, Sedeño, Lucas, Gonzalez Campo, Cecilia, Santamaría-García, Hernando, Aprahamian, Ivan, Bertolucci, Paulo Hf, Bustin, Julian, Camargos Bicalho, Maria Aparecida, Cano-Gutierrez, Carlos, Caramelli, Paulo, Chaves, Marcia LF, Cogram, Patricia, Beber, Bárbara Costa, Court, Felipe A, de Souza, Leonardo Cruz, Custodio, Nilton, Damian, Andres, de la Cruz, Myriam, Diehl Rodriguez, Roberta, Brucki, Sonia Maria Dozzi, Fajersztajn, Lais, Farías, Gonzalo A, De Felice, Fernanda G, Ferrari, Raffaele, de Oliveira, Fabricio Ferreira, Ferreira, Sergio T, Ferretti, Ceres, Figueredo Balthazar, Marcio Luiz, Ferreira Frota, Norberto Anizio, Fuentes, Patricio, García, Adolfo M, Garcia, Patricia J, de Gobbi Porto, Fábio Henrique, Duque Peñailillo, Lissette, Engler, Henry Willy, Maier, Irene, Mata, Ignacio F, Gonzalez-Billault, Christian, Lopez, Oscar L, Morelli, Laura, Nitrini, Ricardo, Quiroz, Yakeel T, Guerrero Barragan, Alejandra, Huepe, David, Pio, Fabricio Joao, Suemoto, Claudia Kimie, Kochhann, Renata, Kochen, Silvia, Kumfor, Fiona, Lanata, Serggio, Miller, Bruce, Mansur, Leticia Lessa, Hosogi, Mirna Lie, Lillo, Patricia, Llibre Guerra, Jorge, Lira, David, Lopera, Francisco, Comas, Adelina, Avila-Funes, José Alberto, Sosa, Ana Luisa, Ramos, Claudia, Resende, Elisa de Paula França, Snyder, Heather M, Tarnanas, Ioannis, Yokoyama, Jenifer, Llibre, Juan, Cardona, Juan Felipe, Possin, Kate, Kosik, Kenneth S, Montesinos, Rosa, Moguilner, Sebastian, Solis, Patricia Cristina Lourdes, Ferretti-Rebustini, Renata Eloah de Lucena, Ramirez, Jeronimo Martin, Matallana, Diana, Mbakile-Mahlanza, Lingani, Marques Ton, Alyne Mendonça, Tavares, Ronnielly Melo, Miotto, Eliane C, Muniz-Terrera, Graciela, Muñoz-Nevárez, Luis Arnoldo, Orozco, David, Okada de Oliveira, Maira, Piguet, Olivier, Pintado Caipa, Maritza, Piña Escudero, Stefanie Danielle, Schilling, Lucas Porcello, Rodrigues Palmeira, André Luiz, Yassuda, Mônica Sanches, Santacruz-Escudero, Jose Manuel, Serafim, Rodrigo Bernardo, Smid, Jerusa, Slachevsky, Andrea, Serrano, Cecilia, Soto-Añari, Marcio, Takada, Leonel Tadao, Grinberg, Lea Tenenholz, Teixeira, Antonio Lucio, and Barbosa, Maira Tonidandel

Subjects
Latin America, biomarkers, clinical trials, dementia, epidemiology, evidence-based recommendations, genetics, knowledge to action framework, networking and translational research, nonpharmacological interventions, Dementia, Clinical Research, Brain Disorders, Aging, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Prevention, Neurological, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Geriatrics
Abstract

Across Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACs), the fight against dementia faces pressing challenges, such as heterogeneity, diversity, political instability, and socioeconomic disparities. These can be addressed more effectively in a collaborative setting that fosters open exchange of knowledge. In this work, the Latin American and Caribbean Consortium on Dementia (LAC-CD) proposes an agenda for integration to deliver a Knowledge to Action Framework (KtAF). First, we summarize evidence-based strategies (epidemiology, genetics, biomarkers, clinical trials, nonpharmacological interventions, networking, and translational research) and align them to current global strategies to translate regional knowledge into transformative actions. Then we characterize key sources of complexity (genetic isolates, admixture in populations, environmental factors, and barriers to effective interventions), map them to the above challenges, and provide the basic mosaics of knowledge toward a KtAF. Finally, we describe strategies supporting the knowledge creation stage that underpins the translational impact of KtAF.

Published
2021

4. The Legal Learning Cycle: A Process-Based Approach to Legal Studies Education

Author

Orozco, David

Abstract

This article introduces a novel process-based teaching methodology called the legal learning cycle and utilizes a contracts case study to illustrate this learning process in action. The legal learning cycle is an active learning resource and approach that engages students, demonstrates relational contracting principles, and exposes students to various legal and extra-legal aspects of contracts, negotiations, and the contracting process. The contracting process is composed of term sheet negotiations, contract drafting, responding to anticipatory breach, breach, failure to cure, litigation, and reaching a negotiated settlement via mediation.

Published
2021
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9. La región como eufemismo.

Author

Millán Orozco, David

Subjects
BREACH of contract, DEMOCRATIZATION, NINETEENTH century, EUPHEMISM, CONSTITUTIONS
Abstract

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024
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11. Compliance By Fire Alarm: Regulatory Oversight Through Information Feedback Loops

Author

Orozco, David

Subjects
Regulatory compliance -- Methods -- Research, Information asymmetry -- Management -- Research, Feedback loops (Systems theory) -- Research -- Usage, Company business management, Business, Law
Abstract

'They paint a deeply disturbing picture of the lengths Boeing was apparently willing to go to in order to evade scrutiny from regulators, flight crews and the flying public... even as its own employees were sounding alarms internally.' (1) This Article contributes to the growing body of compliance law theory and scholarship. It does so by introducing a new and third approach to compliance called the fire-alarm approach. This approach is grounded in the theoretical perspectives of negotiated governance and director primacy. It also contrasts but complements two other well-known compliance approaches discussed by scholars: the policing and architectural approaches. The fire-alarm approach is executed throughout the compliance system that includes regulators, firms, executives, and third-party relationships. A virtue of the fire-alarm approach is that it helps reduce agency costs by increasing transparency and information flows across the various system elements. This is achieved through what are called information feedback loops. These information flows, or feedback loops, reduce agency costs that lead to opportunism, shirking of duties, and conflicts of interest. This, in turn, promotes the goals of regulation that are designed to ensure trust in the marketplace and the protection and integrity of public welfare, health, and safety. Part I discusses the fundamental problem of compliance as an agency cost problem related to information asymmetries. This part will examine how each subsystem within the compliance system generates its own unique set of agency costs. This part will also highlight the need for information feedback loops to address the significant information asymmetries created by the various principal-agent relationships that inure within the compliance system. Part II discusses the policing and architectural compliance approaches. These two approaches are vital yet fail to capture the entire portrait of effective compliance. Part III introduces the fire alarm approach to compliance that the scholarly literature has neglected. Part IV describes information loops and provides a list of examples that can reduce agency costs and improve the compliance system. Part V discusses various theoretical, normative, and policy implications that flow from this analysis., I.INTRODUCTION 99 II.PERVASIVE AGENCY COSTS WITHIN THE COMPLIANCE SYSTEM 104 A. Regulators 105 1. Overview 105 2. Agency Costs 108 B. Firms 109 1. Overview 110 2. Agency Costs 113 [...]

Published
2020

22. Profilaxis para sangrado gastrointestinal en pacientes del servicio de medicina interna de un hospital universitario

Author

Diaztagle-Fernández, Juan José, primary, Sprockel-Díaz, John Jaime, primary, Mojica-Corzo, Ezequiel Masdeeiner, primary, Vásquez-Hoyos, Leonidas, primary, Cruz-Buitrago, Roberto Hernando, primary, Eslava-Orozco, David Felipe, primary, Hernández-Aguirre, A C, primary, Navarro-Noguera, Juan Carlos, primary, and Chaves-Santiago, Walter Gabriel, primary

Published
2022
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24. Status of NASA’s Deep Space Optical Communication Technology Demonstration

Author

Biswas, Abhijit, Srinivasan, Meera, Rogalin, Ryan, Piazzolla, Sabino, Liu, John, Schratz, Brian, Wong, Andre, Wright, Malcolm, Roberts, William T, Kovalik, Joseph, Ortiz, Gerardo, Na-Nakornpanom, Arthur, Shaw, Matthew, Okino, Clay, Andrews, Kenneth, Peng, Michael, Orozco, David, and Klipstein, William

Subjects
Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications, Command And Tracking, Optics
Abstract

With NASA funding, the Deep Space Optical Communication (DSOC) Project at JPL is planning a system level technology demonstration of optical communications from deep space. A 22 cm diameter flight laser transceiver (FLT) is being developed for space flight. The FLT will be designed to transmit an average laser power of 4W at 1550 nm and receive a weak 1064 nm laser signal (> 100 femtowatts). Use of the Hale telescope at Palomar Mountain, CA, retrofitted with a photoncounting receiver to detect the downlink from space, is planned. The Optical Communication Telescope Laboratory (OCTL) at Table Mountain, CA will transmit a 1064 nm laser beacon to serve as a pointing reference for the FLT and support low-rate uplink data-rates. The DSOC FLT is part of the baseline payload for the Psyche mission spacecraft recently selected for flight by NASA, providing link demonstration opportunities during the mission cruise phase. Link demonstration opportunities at distances of approximately 0.1 to 2 astronomical units (AU) are expected. The DSOC system is being designed to support downlink data-rates of 0.2 to > 200 Mb/s and uplink data rates of approximately 1.6 kb/s. A status update of DSOC Project activities on flight and ground development will be summarized in this paper.

Published
2017

25. Status of NASA's Deep Space optical communications technology demonstration

Author

Klipstein, William, Orozco, David, Peng, Michael, Andrews, Kenneth, Okino, Clay, Shaw, Matthew, Na-Nakornpanom, Arthur, Ortiz, Gerardo, Kovalik, Joseph, Roberts, William T, Wright, Malcolm, Alerstam, Erik, Wong, Andre, Schratz, Brian, Liu, John, Piazzolla, Sabino, Rogalin, Ryan, Srinivasan, Meera, and Biswas, Abhijit

Abstract

UNKNOWN

Published
2017

28. sj-pdf-1-asu-10.1177_00031348211068000 ��� Supplemental Material for Preoperative Statin Use is Associated With Lower Incidence of Limb Loss After Lower Extremity Endovascular Interventions

Author

Zil-E-Ali, Ahsan, Medina, Daniela, Orozco, David, Yang, Qian, and Aziz, Faisal

Subjects
FOS: Clinical medicine, 110323 Surgery, humanities
Abstract

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-asu-10.1177_00031348211068000 for Preoperative Statin Use is Associated With Lower Incidence of Limb Loss After Lower Extremity Endovascular Interventions by Ahsan Zil-E-Ali, Daniela Medina, David Orozco, Qian Yang and Faisal Aziz in The American Surgeon

Published
2022
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29. Fidelización de clientes en las medianas empresas de servicio técnico automotriz autorizado

Author

Donoso Orozco, David Sebastián and Rovira Díaz, Mónica

Subjects
Diseño, Cliente, Rentabilidad, Empresa
Abstract

The customer is one of the main elements for any company to be successful, without customers there is no reason to be, for this reason what is sought is to retain customers, this is that each customer is satisfied with the services provided. Throughout the investigation, information was obtained through interviews and surveys that supported the study, which was exploratory and descriptive that determined that the loyalty model within medium-sized automotive dealerships with authorized mechanical workshops is feasible, and of fundamental importance...... El cliente es uno de los elementos principales para que toda empresa sea exitosa, sin clientes no hay razón de ser, por este motivo lo que se busca es fidelizar a los clientes, esto consiste en que cada cliente este satisfecho por los servicios prestados. A lo largo de la investigación, se obtuvo información a través de entrevistas y encuestas que apoyaron el estudio, el mismo que fue de tipo exploratorio y descriptivo que determinaron que el modelo de fidelización dentro de concesionarias automotrices medianas con talleres mecánicos autorizados es factible, y de fundamental importancia.......

Published
2022

37. Management with the Watchman device in a patient with atrial fibrillation and on dialysis therapy. Case report and narrative review

Author

Rosselli Sanmartín, Carlos, Torres Serrano, Rodolfo Eduardo, Olivares Algarin, Orlando, Olivares Algarin, Carlos Roberto, Eslava Orozco, David Felipe, Nuñez Pinilla, Edwin Reynaldo, and Pérez Morales, Hugo Enrique

Subjects
peritoneal dialysis, apéndice atrial (DeCS), diálisis, fibrilación auricular, dialysis, atrial fibrillation, enfermedad renal crónica, diálisis peritoneal, chronic kidney disease, atrial appendage (MeSH)
Abstract

Resumen La anticoagulación es la terapia de elección para la mayoría de pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular; sin embargo, en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica con alto riesgo de sangrado se deben considerar terapias antitrombóticas locales como el cierre percutáneo de la orejuela izquierda con dispositivo Watchman. A continuación, se reporta el primer caso de implante de este dispositivo llevado a cabo en el Hospital de San José de Bogotá, Colombia, y se hace una revisión narrativa sobre este tema. El uso del dispositivo Watchman se asocia con menos accidentes cerebrovasculares hemorrágicos (0,15 vs. 0,96 eventos / 100 pacientes-año HR=0,22; p=0,004), menos muertes cardiovasculares o inexplicadas (1,1 vs. 2,3 eventos / 100 paciente-año; HR=0,48; p=0,006) y menos casos de sangrado no asociado al procedimiento (6,0 % vs. 11,3 %; HR=0,51; p=0,006) en comparación con la warfarina. Resumen Anticoagulation remains the therapy of choice for the majority of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, however, in patients with chronic kidney disease at high risk of bleeding, local antithrombotic therapies such as the left atrial closure with Watchman device should be considered. We report the first case of implant of this type device in the Hospital de San José at the City of Bogotá, Colombia, and a narrative review of the literature is made. Watchman's use is associated with fewer hemorrhagic strokes (0.15 versus 0.96 events / 100 patients-year HR: 0.22; p = 0.004), cardiovascular death / unexplained death (1.1 vs. 2.3 events / 100 patient-year; HR: 0.48; p = 0.006), and bleeding not associated with the procedure (6.0 % vs. 11.3 %; HR: 0.51; p = 0.006) compared to warfarin.

Published
2021

39. Quadricuspid aortic valve: intraoperative echocardiographic approach

Author

David M. Orozco David M. Orozco, Dario Andrade Fierro Dario Andrade Fierro, Adriana C. Orozco Adriana C. Orozco, Byron Rosero-Britton Byron Rosero-Britton, and Sebastián Amaya Sebastián Amaya

Subjects
Intraoperative echocardiography, Aortic insufficiency, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ecocardiografía intraoperatoria, Insuficiencia aórtica, Válvula aórtica cuadricúspide, Quadricuspid aortic valve
Abstract

La válvula aórtica cuadricúspide se considera una malformación cardíaca rara, así como una etiología exótica de insuficiencia aórtica. La detección de esta anomalía cardíaca se puede realizar mediante ecocardiografía transtorácica y/o transesofágica, destacando así la importancia de estas modalidades de imagen, así como su utilidad en la toma de decisiones clínicas perioperatorias. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 70 años con insuficiencia aórtica severa, que fue remitido a nuestra institución para reemplazo valvular aórtico, en el que se documentó intraoperatoriamente una válvula aórtica cuadricúspide. Por ello creemos valioso compartir este caso, presentar imágenes ecocardiográficas intraoperatorias y revisar la literatura pertinente sobre este tema. The quadricuspid aortic valve is considered a rare cardiac malformation, as well as an exotic aetiology of aortic regurgitation. The detection of this cardiac anomaly can be done via transthoracic and/or transesophageal echocardiography, thus highlighting the importance of these imaging modalities, as well as its utility in perioperative clinical decision making. We present the case of a 70-year-old patient with severe aortic regurgitation, who was referred to our institution for aortic valve replacement, in whom a quadricuspid aortic valve was documented intraoperatively. Therefore, we believe it is valuable to share this case, present intraoperative echocardiographic images, and review the pertinent literature on this subject.

Published
2021

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