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1. MESSENGER observations of Mercury's planetary ion escape rates and their dependence on true anomaly angle

Author

Sun, Weijie, Dewey, Ryan M., Jia, Xianzhe, Raines, Jim M., Slavin, James A., Chen, Yuxi, Phan, Tai, Poh, Gangkai, Xu, Shaosui, Milillo, Anna, Lillis, Robert, Saito, Yoshifumi, Livi, Stefano, and Orsini, Stefano

Subjects
Physics - Space Physics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

This study investigates the escape of Mercury's sodium-group ions (Na+-group, including ions with m/q from 21 to 30 amu/e) and their dependence on true anomaly angle (TAA), i.e., Mercury's orbital phase around the Sun, using measurements from MESSENGER. The measurements are categorized into solar wind, magnetosheath, and magnetosphere, and further divided into four TAA intervals. Na+-group ions form escape plumes in the solar wind and magnetosheath, with higher fluxes along the solar wind's motional electric field. The total escape rates vary from 0.2 to 1 times 10^{25} atoms/s with the magnetosheath being the main escaping region. These rates exhibit a TAA dependence, peaking near the perihelion and similar during Mercury's remaining orbit. Despite Mercury's tenuous exosphere, Na+-group ions escape rate is comparable to other inner planets. This can be attributed to several processes, including that Na+-group ions may include several ion species, efficient photoionization frequency for elements within Na+-group, etc., Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures

Published
2024
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2. MESSENGER observations of planetary ion enhancements at Mercury's northern magnetospheric cusp during Flux Transfer Event Showers

Author

Sun, Weijie, Slavin, James A., Milillo, Anna, Dewey, Ryan M., Orsini, Stefano, Jia, Xianzhe, Raines, Jim M., Livi, Stefano, Jasinski, Jamie M., Fu, Suiyan, Zhao, Jiutong, Zong, Qiu-Gang, Saito, Yoshifumi, and Li, Changkun

Subjects
Physics - Space Physics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

At Mercury, several processes can release ions and neutrals out of the planet's surface. Here we present enhancements of dayside planetary ions in the solar wind entry layer during flux transfer event (FTE) "showers" near Mercury's northern magnetospheric cusp. The FTE showers correspond to the intervals of intense magnetopause reconnection of Mercury's magnetosphere, which form a solar wind entry layer equatorward of the magnetospheric cusps. In this entry layer, solar wind ions are accelerated and move downward (i.e. planetward) toward the cusps, which sputter upward-moving planetary ions within 1 minute. The precipitation rate is enhanced by an order of magnitude during FTE showers and the neutral density of the exosphere can vary by >10% due to this FTE-driven sputtering. These in situ observations of enhanced planetary ions in the entry layer likely correspond to an escape channel of Mercury's planetary ions, and the large-scale variations of the exosphere observed on minute-timescales by Earth observatories. Comprehensive, future multi-point measurements made by BepiColombo will greatly enhance our understanding of the processes contributing to Mercury's dynamic exosphere and magnetosphere., Comment: 34 pages, 10 figures, 1 table

Published
2022
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4. The BepiColombo SERENA/ELENA Instrument On-Ground Testing with the ELENA Special Check Out Equipment (SCOE)

Author

Lazzarotto, Francesco, Vertolli, Nello, Maschietti, Dario, Di Lellis, Andrea Maria, Ryno, Jouni, Camozzi, Fabio, Orsini, Stefano, Milillo, Anna, Mura, Alessandro, De Angelis, Elisabetta, Rispoli, Rosanna, Colasanti, Luca, Selci, Stefano, D'Alessandro, Marco, Leoni, Roberto, and Mattioli, Francesco

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The neutral particles sensor ELENA (Emitted Low Energy Neutral Atoms) for the ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission to Mercury (in the SERENA instrument suite) is devoted to measure low energetic neutral atoms. The main goal of the experiment is measuring the sputtering emission from planetary surfaces, from E=20eV up to E=5keV, within 1D (2 deg. x 76 deg. ). ELENA original project had also a particle discrimination system based on Time-of-Flight (TOF) of particles through the shutter on the Micro Channel Plates detector (MCP), it has been withdrawn from the flight model due to design and development problems. The ELENA SCOE is the configuration/testing system of ELENA, it allows to command operations and to set up configuration parameters on the instrument and to monitor the incoming data. The TC/TM simulation/encoding/decoding software is developed respecting the CCSDS/ECSS standards implemented by ESA, and it's SCOS2000 compatible. TC generation, HK data monitoring and basic science data analysis are operated by the SERENA EGSE, developed by the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland. The data stream outcoming from the EGSE is then preprocessed from TM to user readable formats: FITS and then ASCII csv tables with metadata collected in a detached XML file, called label. This task is performed using the PacketLib, ProcessorLib, and DISCoS (PPD) framework and is going to be used as the first level prototype of the BepiColombo Science Ground Segment processing pipeline, based in ESAC, Madrid, Spain and implemented using the PDS4 data format., Comment: Proceedings of the European Ground System Architecture Workshop (ESAW) 18-19 June 2013 ESA/ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany

Published
2020
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8. Forest therapy in Italy: proposal of a standard procedure for validation of suitable sites.

Author

Rivieccio, Rosa, Romano, Raoul, and Orsini, Stefano

Subjects
VALIDATION therapy, RURAL development, COVID-19 pandemic, COMPETENT authority, INTEGRATIVE medicine
Abstract

The social and health benefits that green areas and forests can provide are now recognized in the scientific community worldwide. There is a growing interest in and demand for forest care initiatives and nature-based therapy, also as a result of the impacts of Covid-19 pandemic. In Italy, the increasing interest in alternative and integrated solutions for care and healthcare promotion have laid the basis for the implementation of several projects and activities, particularly those known as Forest Therapy (FT). These initiatives provide a business opportunity for forestry and social sectors, for the development of rural areas, and they are a cost-saving opportunity for the National Health System because of the expected benefits (as assessed by several clinical studies confirming the therapeutic effectiveness of these activities). Despite the importance, in Italy there is not a specific legal basis and standardized procedures to determine the suitability of a FT site. As a result, FT initiatives have been carried out in different environments, whether in urban or extra-urban forest areas, with the implementation of activities deemed suitable in a "selfreferential" approach. Establishing a standard procedure for the recognition of FT suitable locations and related FT activities is a first step for the promotion of an important instrument that can meet several social needs. This work proposes (i) a standard procedure ("iter") for the validation of a Forest Therapy and Urban forest therapy (UFT) site by the competent authority to obtain the official "environmental recognition" of site suitability; (ii) the technical and objective criteria to assess the stationary and environmental parameters of a site in order to be qualified as a FT/UFT site, both in natural and urban contexts. The iter and criteria proposed take into account the relevant national regulations, the literature found on the subject, and the expertise of scientists and technicians. The procedure and criteria proposed can be used as basis of a regulation on FT in Italy, ensuring suitable sites officially recognised by public institutions and providing a high-quality service to society. Finally, a baseline regulation would also facilitate opportunities for dedicated funding, as well as the recognition of "green prescriptions" for the prevention and treatment of certain health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Using the Multi-stakeholder Approach to Match Potential Innovations with Challenges Experienced by European Sheep and Goat Farms

Author

Rose, Ian, Martin-Collado, Daniel, Orsini, Stefano, Zanoli, Rafaelle, Yañez-Ruiz, David, Zaralis, Konstantinos, Arsenos, Georgios, Blondel, Philippe, Series Editor, Rabassa, Jorge, Series Editor, Horwood, Clive, Series Editor, Theodoridis, Alexandros, editor, Ragkos, Athanasios, editor, and Salampasis, Michail, editor

Published
2019
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11. The Influence of Space Environment on the Evolution of Mercury

Author

Orsini, Stefano, Mangano, Valeria, Mura, Alessandro, Turrini, Diego, Massetti, Stefano, Milillo, Anna, and Plainaki, Christina

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Mercury, due to its close location to the Sun, is surrounded by an environment whose conditions may be considered as "extreme" in the entire Solar System. Both solar wind and radiation are stronger with respect to other Solar System bodies, so that their interactions with the planet cause high emission of material from its surface. Moreover, the meteoritic precipitation plays a significant role in surface emission processes. This emitted material is partially lost in space. Although under the present conditions the surface particles loss rate does not seem to be able to produce significant erosion of the planetary mass and volume, the long-term effects over billions of years should be carefully considered to properly understand the evolution of the planet. In the early stages, under even more extreme conditions, some of these processes were much more effective in removing material from the planet's surface. This study attempts to provide a rough estimation of the material loss rate as a function of time, in order to evaluate whether and how this environmental effect can be applied to understand the Hermean surface evolution. We show that the most potentially effective Sun-induced erosion process in early times is a combination of ion sputtering, photon stimulated desorption and enhanced diffusion, which could have caused the loss of a surface layer down to a depth of 20 m, as well as a relevant Na depletion., Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in ICARUS

Published
2014
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12. Deregulating 'the rural'; threatening land management regime. Experiences of space in the Tuscan countryside

Author

Orsini, Stefano

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

In this research the relationships between landownership and the use of rural land are investigated and analyzed through an empirical study, conducted in Tuscany, which was based on interviews with landowners. Through the development of farmers' typologies, the results highlight a general process of decoupling from farming, which appears through 'disinvestments' in farming activity and changing the intended uses of rural land and buildings. The dynamic of liberalization (and urbanization) of rural space arises challenges to the future of land management system, which seems to be going to suffer a process of restructuring., Comment: Further results will be published

Published
2011

13. Spacecraft outgassing observed by the BepiColombo ion spectrometers

Author

Fraenz, Markus, primary, Rojo, Mathias, additional, Cornet, Thomas, additional, HADID, Lina, additional, Saito, Yoshifumi, additional, André, Nicolas, additional, Varsani, Ali, additional, Schmid, Daniel, additional, Krueger, Harald, additional, Krupp, Norbert, additional, Delcourt, Dominique, additional, Katra, Bruno, additional, Harada, Yuki, additional, Yokota, Shoichiro, additional, Verdeil, Christophe, additional, Aizawa, Sae, additional, Milillo, Anna, additional, Orsini, Stefano, additional, Mangano, Valeria, additional, Fiethe, Björn, additional, Benkhoff, Johannes, additional, and Murakami, Go, additional

Published
2023
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14. BepiColombo Science Investigations During Cruise and Flybys at the Earth, Venus and Mercury

Author

Mangano, Valeria, Dósa, Melinda, Fränz, Markus, Milillo, Anna, Oliveira, Joana S., Lee, Yeon Joo, McKenna-Lawlor, Susan, Grassi, Davide, Heyner, Daniel, Kozyrev, Alexander S., Peron, Roberto, Helbert, Jörn, Besse, Sebastien, de la Fuente, Sara, Montagnon, Elsa, Zender, Joe, Volwerk, Martin, Chaufray, Jean-Yves, Slavin, James A., Krüger, Harald, Maturilli, Alessandro, Cornet, Thomas, Iwai, Kazumasa, Miyoshi, Yoshizumi, Lucente, Marco, Massetti, Stefano, Schmidt, Carl A., Dong, Chuanfei, Quarati, Francesco, Hirai, Takayuki, Varsani, Ali, Belyaev, Denis, Zhong, Jun, Kilpua, Emilia K. J., Jackson, Bernard V., Odstrcil, Dusan, Plaschke, Ferdinand, Vainio, Rami, Jarvinen, Riku, Ivanovski, Stavro Lambrov, Madár, Ákos, Erdős, Géza, Plainaki, Christina, Alberti, Tommaso, Aizawa, Sae, Benkhoff, Johannes, Murakami, Go, Quemerais, Eric, Hiesinger, Harald, Mitrofanov, Igor G., Iess, Luciano, Santoli, Francesco, Orsini, Stefano, Lichtenegger, Herbert, Laky, Gunther, Barabash, Stas, Moissl, Richard, Huovelin, Juhani, Kasaba, Yasumasa, Saito, Yoshifumi, Kobayashi, Masanori, and Baumjohann, Wolfgang

Published
2021
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16. The Yearly Variability of the Sodium Exosphere of Mercury: a Toy Model

Author

Mura, Alessandro, primary, Plainaki, Christina, additional, Milillo, Anna, additional, Mangano, Valeria, additional, Alberti, Tommaso, additional, Massetti, Stefano, additional, Orsini, Stefano, additional, Moroni, Martina, additional, De Angelis, Elisabetta, additional, Rispoli, Rosanna, additional, and Sordini, Roberto, additional

Published
2023
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18. Current state and perspectives of Space Weather science in Italy

Author

Plainaki Christina, Antonucci Marco, Bemporad Alessandro, Berrilli Francesco, Bertucci Bruna, Castronuovo Marco, De Michelis Paola, Giardino Marco, Iuppa Roberto, Laurenza Monica, Marcucci Federica, Messerotti Mauro, Narici Livio, Negri Barbara, Nozzoli Francesco, Orsini Stefano, Romano Vincenzo, Cavallini Enrico, Polenta Gianluca, and Ippolito Alessandro

Subjects
heliosphere, instrumentation, missions, strategy, data management, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

Italian teams have been involved many times in Space Weather observational campaigns from space and from the ground, contributing in the advancing of our knowledge on the properties and evolution of the related phenomena. Numerous Space Weather forecasting and now-casting modeling efforts have resulted in a remarkable add-on to the overall progress in the field, at both national and international level. The Italian Space Agency has participated several times in space missions with science objectives related to Space Weather; indeed, an important field for the Italian scientific and industrial communities interested in Heliophysics and Space Weather, is the development of new instrumentation for future space missions. In this paper, we present a brief state-of-the-art in Space Weather science in Italy and we discuss some ideas on a long-term plan for the support of future scientific research in the related disciplines. In the context of the current roadmap, the Italian Space Agency aims to assess the possibility to develop a national scientific Space Weather data centre to encourage synergies between different science teams with interest in the field and to motivate innovation and new mission concept development. Alongside with the proposed recommendations, we also discuss how the Italian expertise could complement international efforts in a wider international Space Weather context.

Published
2020
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19. Micro-meteoroids impact vaporization (MMIV) as source for Ca and CaO exosphere along Mercury’s orbit

Author

Martina Moroni, Milillo Anna, Mura Alessandro, Andrè Nicolas, Plainaki Christina, Mangano Valeria, Massetti Stefano, Orsini Stefano, Aronica Alessandro, De Angelis Elisabetta, Rispoli Rosanna, Sordini Roberto, Kazakov Adrian, and Del Moro Dario

Abstract

The study of the micro-meteoroid environment is relevant to planetary science, space weathering of airless bodies, as Mercury, and their upper atmospheric chemistry. In this case, the meteoroids hit directly the surface without any interaction with the atmospheric particles, producing impact debris and contributing to shape its thin exosphere. This work is focused on study and modelling of the Mercury’s exosphere formation through the process of Micro-Meteoroids Impact Vaporization (MMIV) from the planetary surface. The MESSENGER/NASA mission visited Mercury in the period 2008-2015, providing measurements of unprecedented quality of Mercury’s exosphere, which permit the study of the seasonal variations of metals like Calcium. The Ca in Mercury’s exosphere exhibited very high energies, with a scale height consistent with a temperature > 20,000 K, seen mainly on the dawnside of the planet. The origin of this high-energy, asymmetric source is unknown. The generating mechanism is believed to be a combination of different processes including the release of atomic and molecular surface particles and the photodissociation of exospheric molecules. We work on models of Mercury’s impactors: we consider the arrival geometry of the Mercury-intercepting particles and provide a detailed Ca-source extraction model simulating the expected 3-D CaO and Ca density distribution in Mercury’s exosphere due to the MIV mechanism. We simulate the photodissociation of the initially released CaO molecules that populates the exosphere with thermal Ca atoms and energetic Ca components generated from the dissociative ionization and neutralization processes, excluding specific events like comet stream crossing. We study how the impact vapor varies with heliocentric distance and compare the results to the MESSENGER observations. Our results show that the 3-D morphology of the MIV-generated Ca exosphere is consistent with the UVVS observations, these support the idea that the Ca source peaks near the dawn region: CaO exosphere is denser above the dawn hemisphere where the molecules are preferentially ejected into the exosphere by MIV process; Ca is preferentially seen in the midnight-to-dawn quadrant where CaO molecules are released by micrometeroid impacts and dissociated by the sunlight. The results presented in this work will be useful for the exosphere observations planning and for the data interpretation in the frame of the ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission, that will study Mercury orbiting around the planet from 2025. More specifically, the resulting molecular distributions will be compared to the measurements of the SERENA-STROFIO mass spectrometer that will be the only instrument able to identify the molecular components.

Published
2022

20. Deep Neural Networks for Surface Composition Reconstruction from In Situ Exospheric Measurements at Mercury

Author

Kazakov, Adrian, primary, Milillo, Anna, additional, Lazzarotto, Francesco, additional, Ivanovski, Stavro, additional, Mangano, Valeria, additional, Escalona-Morán, Miguel, additional, Mura, Alessandro, additional, Massetti, Stefano, additional, Moroni, Martina, additional, Orsini, Stefano, additional, Sordini, Roberto, additional, De Angelis, Elisabetta, additional, Rispoli, Rosanna, additional, Aronica, Alessandro, additional, Vertolli, Nello, additional, Alberti, Tommaso, additional, Plainaki, Christina, additional, Nuccilli, Fabrizio, additional, and Noschese, Raffaella, additional

Published
2022
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21. Processes that Promote and Deplete the Exosphere of Mercury

Author

Killen, Rosemary, Cremonese, Gabrielle, Lammer, Helmut, Orsini, Stefano, Potter, Andrew E., Sprague, Ann L., Wurz, Peter, Khodachenko, Maxim L., Lichtenegger, Herbert I. M., Milillo, Anna, Mura, Alessandro, Balogh, André, editor, Ksanfomality, Leonid, editor, and von Steiger, Rudolf, editor

Published
2008
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22. Towards a Global Unified Model of Europa’s Tenuous Atmosphere

Author

Plainaki, Christina, Cassidy, Tim A., Shematovich, Valery I., Milillo, Anna, Wurz, Peter, Vorburger, Audrey, Roth, Lorenz, Galli, André, Rubin, Martin, Blöcker, Aljona, Brandt, Pontus C., Crary, Frank, Dandouras, Iannis, Jia, Xianzhe, Grassi, Davide, Hartogh, Paul, Lucchetti, Alice, McGrath, Melissa, Mangano, Valeria, Mura, Alessandro, Orsini, Stefano, Paranicas, Chris, Radioti, Aikaterini, Retherford, Kurt D., Saur, Joachim, and Teolis, Ben

Published
2018
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25. Estimating Supply and Demand of Organic Seeds in Europe Using Survey Data and MI Techniques

Author

Solfanelli, Francesco, OZTURK, Emel, Cubero Dudinskaya, Emilia, Mandolesi, Serena, Orsini, Stefano, Messmer, Monika, Naspetti, Simona, Schaefer, Freya, Winter, Eva, Zanoli, Raffaele, Solfanelli, Francesco, OZTURK, Emel, Cubero Dudinskaya, Emilia, Mandolesi, Serena, Orsini, Stefano, Messmer, Monika, Naspetti, Simona, Schaefer, Freya, Winter, Eva, and Zanoli, Raffaele

Abstract

The lack of sufficient information about organic seed production and use is among the key factors affecting the development of the organic seed market in the EU. Currently, only very basic organic seed market data are being reported at the country level. Those available from each member state are seldom comparable over time between countries and sometimes even within one country. This study provides the first overall statistics on European organic seed supply and demand. Estimates of the organic seed demand and supply of twelve important crops in EU organic agriculture are provided by developing and testing innovative approaches to improve data collection and analysis, such as multiple imputation (MI) techniques to estimate missing values. The estimates are based on data extracted from official EU datasets from 2014 to 2018 and collected by an online survey of 756 farmers, as well as various expert assessments across the EU. The results were provided by four EU geographical regions, with a specific focus on wheat, lucerne, carrot, and apple. Although strong sector and regional differences currently characterise the organic seed market, organic seed demand considerably exceeds supply for most crops. Generally, farms in the central and northern regions revealed a higher organic seed supply than those in the southern and eastern regions, and organic seed supply is higher for wheat than other crops. A significant output of this study is the development of recommendations to improve methodologies to increase the transparency and availability of organic seed market data.

Published
2022

26. MESSENGER Observations of Planetary Ion Enhancements at Mercury's Northern Magnetospheric Cusp During Flux Transfer Event Showers

Author

Sun, Weijie, primary, Slavin, James A., additional, Milillo, Anna, additional, Dewey, Ryan M., additional, Orsini, Stefano, additional, Jia, Xianzhe, additional, Raines, Jim M., additional, Livi, Stefano, additional, Jasinski, Jamie M., additional, Fu, Suiyan, additional, Zhao, Jiutong, additional, Zong, Qiu‐Gang, additional, Saito, Yoshifumi, additional, and Li, Changkun, additional

Published
2022
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27. Planetary space weather: scientific aspects and future perspectives

Author

Plainaki Christina, Lilensten Jean, Radioti Aikaterini, Andriopoulou Maria, Milillo Anna, Nordheim Tom A., Dandouras Iannis, Coustenis Athena, Grassi Davide, Mangano Valeria, Massetti Stefano, Orsini Stefano, and Lucchetti Alice

Subjects
Space weather, Planetary atmospheres, Planetary magnetospheres, Exospheres, Interactions, Comparative planetology, Future missions, JUICE, BEPI COLOMBO, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

In this paper, we review the scientific aspects of planetary space weather at different regions of our Solar System, performing a comparative planetology analysis that includes a direct reference to the circum-terrestrial case. Through an interdisciplinary analysis of existing results based both on observational data and theoretical models, we review the nature of the interactions between the environment of a Solar System body other than the Earth and the impinging plasma/radiation, and we offer some considerations related to the planning of future space observations. We highlight the importance of such comparative studies for data interpretations in the context of future space missions (e.g. ESA JUICE; ESA/JAXA BEPI COLOMBO). Moreover, we discuss how the study of planetary space weather can provide feedback for better understanding the traditional circum-terrestrial space weather. Finally, a strategy for future global investigations related to this thematic is proposed.

Published
2016
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28. BepiColombo - Mission Overview and Science Goals

Author

Benkhoff, Johannes, Murakami, Go, Baumjohann, W., Besse, S., Bunce, E.J., Casale, Mauro, Cremonese, G., Glassmeier, K. H., Hayakawa, H., Heyner, Daniel, Hiesinger, H., Huovelin, Juhani, Hussmann, H., Iafolla, V., Iess, Luciano, Kasaba, Yasumasa, Kobayashi, Masanori, Milillo, Anna, Mitrofanov, Igor G., Montagnon, Elsa, Novara, M., Orsini, Stefano, Quemerais, Eric, Reininghaus, U., Saito, Yoshifumi, Santoli, Francesco, Stramaccioni, D., Sutherland, O., Thomas, N., Yoshikawa, I., Zender, Joe, Department of Physics, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), School of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], University of Leicester, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Institut für Planetologie [Münster], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Department of Physics [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale [Roma La Sapienza] (DIMA), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Planetary Plasma and Atmospheric Research Center [Sendai] (PPARC), Tohoku University [Sendai], Planetary Exploration Research Center [Chiba] (PERC), Chiba Institute of Technology (CIT), Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), European Space Operations Center (ESOC), HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern], Department of Complexity Science and Engineering [Tokyo], and The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)

Subjects
SURFACE, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, BepiColombo, Scientific Space Mission, Missions, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, MAGNETOSPHERE, Planetary and Magnetospheric Science, 0103 physical sciences, MESSENGER OBSERVATIONS, SPECTROMETER, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, MERCURY ORBITER MISSION, Mercury exploration, 520 Astronomy, Science Goals, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mercury, 620 Engineering, CORNERSTONE MISSION, Surface and Interior, GAMMA-RAY, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], POLAR DEPOSITS, Space and Planetary Science, Fundamental Physics, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, VENUS, GENERATION
Abstract

BepiColombo is a joint mission between the European Space Agency, ESA, and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency, JAXA, to perform a comprehensive exploration of Mercury. Launched on $20^{\mathrm{th}}$ 20 th October 2018 from the European spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, the spacecraft is now en route to Mercury.Two orbiters have been sent to Mercury and will be put into dedicated, polar orbits around the planet to study the planet and its environment. One orbiter, Mio, is provided by JAXA, and one orbiter, MPO, is provided by ESA. The scientific payload of both spacecraft will provide detailed information necessary to understand the origin and evolution of the planet itself and its surrounding environment. Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun, the only terrestrial planet besides Earth with a self-sustained magnetic field, and the smallest planet in our Solar System. It is a key planet for understanding the evolutionary history of our Solar System and therefore also for the question of how the Earth and our Planetary System were formed.The scientific objectives focus on a global characterization of Mercury through the investigation of its interior, surface, exosphere, and magnetosphere. In addition, instrumentation onboard BepiColombo will be used to test Einstein’s theory of general relativity. Major effort was put into optimizing the scientific return of the mission by defining a payload such that individual measurements can be interrelated and complement each other.

Published
2021

29. MESSENGER observations of planetary ion enhancements at Mercury’s northern magnetospheric cusp during Flux Transfer Event Showers

Author

Sun, Weijie, primary, Slavin, James, additional, Milillo, Anna, additional, Dewey, Ryan, additional, Orsini, Stefano, additional, Jia, Xianzhe, additional, RAINES, JIM, additional, Livi, Stefano, additional, Jasinsk, Jamie, additional, Fu, Suiyan, additional, Zhao, Jiutong, additional, Zong, Qiugang, additional, Saito, Yoshifumi, additional, and Li, Changkun, additional

Published
2021
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31. Venus's induced magnetosphere during active solar wind conditions at BepiColombo's Venus 1 flyby

Author

Volwerk, Martin, primary, Sánchez-Cano, Beatriz, additional, Heyner, Daniel, additional, Aizawa, Sae, additional, André, Nicolas, additional, Varsani, Ali, additional, Mieth, Johannes, additional, Orsini, Stefano, additional, Baumjohann, Wolfgang, additional, Fischer, David, additional, Futaana, Yoshifumi, additional, Harrison, Richard, additional, Jeszenszky, Harald, additional, Kazumasa, Iwai, additional, Laky, Gunter, additional, Lichtenegger, Herbert, additional, Milillo, Anna, additional, Miyoshi, Yoshizumi, additional, Nakamura, Rumi, additional, Plaschke, Ferdinand, additional, Richter, Ingo, additional, Rojas Mata, Sebastián, additional, Saito, Yoshifumi, additional, Schmid, Daniel, additional, Shiota, Daikou, additional, and Simon Wedlund, Cyril, additional

Published
2021
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33. Organic seed use and farmers’ attitudes towards organic breeding in long and short value chains

Author

Winter, Eva, Auerbacher, Joachim, Grovermann, Christian, Orsini, Stefano, and Messmer, Monika

Subjects
Values, standards and certification, immune system diseases, food and beverages, "Organics" in general, respiratory tract diseases
Abstract

Presentation elucidating organic seed use and farmers’ attitudes towards organic breeding in long and short value chains

Published
2021

34. Investigating exospheric Na distributions at different spatial scales to disentangle between single and double peaked global patterns

Author

Alberti, Tommaso, primary, Moroni, Martina, additional, Milillo, Anna, additional, Mangano, Valeria, additional, Mura, Alessandro, additional, Massetti, Stefano, additional, Orsini, Stefano, additional, Plainaki, Christina, additional, Aronica, Alessandro, additional, De Angelis, Elisabetta, additional, Kazakov, Adrian, additional, Noschese, Raffaella, additional, Rispoli, Rosanna, additional, Sordini, Roberto, additional, and Vertolli, Nello, additional

Published
2021
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36. Meteoroids as Source for Mercury’s exosphere

Author

Moroni, Martina, primary, Milillo, Anna, additional, Mura, Alessandro, additional, André, Nicolas, additional, Alberti, Tommaso, additional, Mangano, Valeria, additional, Massetti, Stefano, additional, Orsini, Stefano, additional, Aronica, Alessandro, additional, Plainaki, Christina, additional, Kazakov, Adrian, additional, De Angelis, Elisabetta, additional, Rispoli, Rosanna, additional, and Sordini, Roberto, additional

Published
2021
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38. The State of Organic Seed in Europe

Author

Solfanelli, Francesco, Ozturk, Emel, Zanoli, Raffaele, Orsini, Stefano, Petitti, Matteo, Ortolani, Livia, Schäfer, Freya, and Messmer, Monika

Subjects
Policy environments and social economy
Abstract

This booklet aims at supporting the expansion, both horizontal and vertical, of the European market for organic seed. Organic farmers need seed bred specifically to withstand the local and environmental conditions without the use of external, synthetic inputs. The size of the demand, however, does not justify the investment needed, when left entirely to market forces. This booklet estimates the potential market for organic seed in the EU and any challenges to its full development, and particularly the role played by the current derogation process for use of conventional untreated seed. Also analysed is the lack and inconsistency of information for farmers on what is available and how it meets their needs. In particular, the study compares and identifies gaps in the use of national databases and annual reports on derogations across Europe, and how these can be modified to provide stronger policy incentives to the market. Suppliers were interviewed on technical and economic challenges to seed production and farmers were involved in discussions on how organic seed is acquired and used.

Published
2021

39. Improving The Quality Of Organic National Seed Databases To Increase The Use Of Organic Seed And Propagation Materials In Europe

Author

Solfanelli, Francesco, Orsini, Stefano, Schäfer, Freya, Ozturk, Emel, and Zanoli, Raffaele

Subjects
Breeding, genetics and propagation
Abstract

The purpose of the national organic seed database is to list the seed varieties for which organically produced seeds and vegetative propagation materials are available in the market. The correct functioning of the organic seed database can facilitate the use and distribution of organic seed by improving transparency of the organic seed market. Each EU member state is free to establish its own database, resulting in varying different specific technical solutions among countries. In this study, quality of existing organic seed databases in place in all 28 EU member states and Switzerland was evaluated using different usability criteria. Our analysis revealed that fully computerised databases are to be preferred as they can influence the user’s perceived completeness. Moreover, suitable support and training should be provided by the database managers to improve users’ comprehension of database and to increase ease of use.

Published
2021

40. Assessment of policies aiming at boosting organic seed use

Author

Winter, Eva, Grovermann, Christian, Orsini, Stefano, Solfanelli, Francesco, Messmer, Monika, and Aurbacher, Joachim

Subjects
Breeding, genetics and propagation
Abstract

In the EU, market failure can be observed for organic seed and cultivars, with the seed market being dominated ba conventionally bred varieties and conventionally multiplied seed (Döring et al., 2012).

Published
2021

41. Can the Market Deliver 100% Organic Seed and Varieties in Europe?

Author

Padel, Susanne, Orsini, Stefano, Solfanelli, Francesco, Zanoli, Raffaele, Padel, Susanne, Orsini, Stefano, Solfanelli, Francesco, and Zanoli, Raffaele

Abstract

This paper considers European organic seed as a market in the sense of economic theory and explores factors impacting seed supply and demand. Under the organic regulation, farmers have to use seed multiplied in organic farming or apply for a derogation. We evaluated the functioning of the organic seed market, based on case studies of seed supply chains for arable, vegetable and forage crops; a farmer survey; and a status-quo analysis of the organic seed sector from the European LIVESEED project. The organic seed market is characterised by small size, great diversity of crops grown, unsolved technical problems for some crops and limited capacity of breeding varieties adapted to organic farming conditions. Demand vastly outstrips supply for most crops, but strong regional and sector differences were observed. A lack of information about availability and price for organic seed is likely to act as barrier to investment. Full enforcement of the regulation to use only organic seed might have unforeseen consequences, such as a reduction of agrobiodiversity in organic farming, rather than supporting an increase in supply. We conclude that the market alone is not likely to deliver 100% organic seed and government intervention is justified.

Published
2021

42. Sow what you sell: strategies for integrating organic breeding and seed production into value chain partnerships

Author

Winter, Eva, Grovermann, Christian, Aurbacher, Joachim, Orsini, Stefano, Schäfer, Freya, Lazzaro, Mariateresa, Solfanelli, Francesco, Messmer, Monika, Winter, Eva, Grovermann, Christian, Aurbacher, Joachim, Orsini, Stefano, Schäfer, Freya, Lazzaro, Mariateresa, Solfanelli, Francesco, and Messmer, Monika

Abstract

The development of an independent organic breeding and seed sector poses a significant challenge for organic agriculture in Europe. It should deliver cultivars suitable to the principles and conditions of organic farming and secure the integrity of future product supply. This study seeks to identify promising pathways to address this challenge by analyzing value chain organization. It is based on a mixed method approach combining the assessment of qualitative data from a stakeholder dialogue with an analysis of quantitative farm survey data. The results from the stakeholder dialogue show that a value chain partnership is a promising strategy to distribute the burden for refinancing breeding, as the whole organic sector would profit from organic breeding. A cross-sector pool funding strategy is proposed for joining forces among all value chain partners of the organic sector to invest in organic breeding and collectively secure the integrity of the future organic product supply. Four success factors have been identified: a long-term commitment, a pool fund for organic cultivar development, awareness-raising on the importance of breeding, and a high level of transparency in the process. The funding strategy is backed up by findings on market channels. Farmers who market their products through long value chains use less organic seed than those marketing through short value chains. This highlights the need to better integrate long organic value chains such as processors, traders, and retailers, and seed supply. Regardless of the marketing channel, farmers consider the development of organic breeding a vital measure to achieve higher organic seed use. This indicates that overcoming organic seed shortage is more likely to be achieved when also including breeding activities.

Published
2021

43. The Effects of Interventions Targeting Increased Organic Seed Use - The Cases of Perennial Ryegrass in England and Durum Wheat in Italy

Author

Winter, Eva, Grovermann, Christian, Orsini, Stefano, Solfanelli, Francesco, Aurbacher, Joachim, Winter, Eva, Grovermann, Christian, Orsini, Stefano, Solfanelli, Francesco, and Aurbacher, Joachim

Abstract

To meet policy goals targeting increasing the share of organic agriculture, an organic seed needs to be provided. Currently, this is far from being the case. This study investigates two cases of important crop country combinations in organic agriculture, namely perennial ryegrass in South-West England and durum wheat in Italy. A novel multi-agent value chain approach was developed to assess public and private-sector interventions aiming at increasing organic seed use. Phasing out of derogations for non-organic seed comes with 2–7% gross margin losses at the farm level. Seed producers and breeders profit by 9–24%. Mitigating measures can be subsidies of 28 €/ha or price premiums of 12 €/ton at the farm gate for durum wheat, in the case of durum wheat in Italy, and subsidies of 13 €/ha or price premiums of 70 €/ton for lamb meat, in the case of perennial ryegrass in England. Further mitigating measures are the promotion of farm-saved durum wheat seed and investments in breeding for better nitrogen efficiency in organic perennial ryegrass seed production

Published
2021

46. Multiscale Features of the Near-Hermean Environment as Derived Through the Hilbert-Huang Transform

Author

Alberti, Tommaso, primary, Milillo, Anna, additional, Laurenza, Monica, additional, Massetti, Stefano, additional, Ivanovski, Stavro L., additional, Ippolito, Alessandro, additional, Plainaki, Christina, additional, De Angelis, Elisabetta, additional, Mangano, Valeria, additional, Mura, Alessandro, additional, Orsini, Stefano, additional, and Rispoli, Rosanna, additional

Published
2021
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48. Dynamical features of the near-Hermean environment under different solar wind conditions

Author

Milillo, Anna, primary, Alberti, Tommaso, additional, Ivanovski, Stavro L., additional, Laurenza, Monica, additional, Massetti, Stefano, additional, Mangano, Valeria, additional, Mura, Alessandro, additional, Ippolito, Alessandro, additional, Plainaki, Christina, additional, De Angelis, Elisabetta, additional, Orsini, Stefano, additional, and Rispoli, Rosanna, additional

Published
2021
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