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123 results on '"Ortiz-Panozo E."'

1. Diabetes is associated with a higher risk of mortality among women in a middle-income country: Results form the Mexican Teacher's cohort study

Author: Lozano-Esparza, S., López-Ridaura, R., Ortiz-Panozo, E., González-Villalpando, C., Aguilar-Salinas, C., Hernández-Ávila, J.E., Hernández-Ávila, M., and Lajous, M.
Published: 2020
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2. Circulating leptin and adiponectin, and breast density in premenopausal Mexican women : the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort

Author: Dossus, L., Rinaldi, S., Biessy, C., Hernandez, M., Lajous, M., Monge, A., Ortiz-Panozo, E., Yunes, E., Lopez-Ridaura, R., Torres-Mejía, G., and Romieu, I.
Published: 2017

3. P-585 Iron intake in relation to ovarian reserve among women seeking infertility treatment

Author: Chavarro, J, primary, Jimenez-Cardozo, N, additional, Mitsunami, M, additional, Minguez-Alarcon, L, additional, Ortiz-Panozo, E, additional, Wang, S, additional, Hauser, R, additional, and Souter, I, additional
Published: 2023
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4. Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018

Author: Kinyoki, D, Osgood-Zimmerman, A, Bhattacharjee, N, Schaeffer, L, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Lu, D, Ewald, S, Donkers, K, Letourneau, I, Collison, M, Schipp, M, Abajobir, A, Abbasi, S, Abbasi, N, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdoli, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abraham, B, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, A, Accrombessi, M, Adabi, M, Adebayo, O, Adegbosin, A, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Adeyinka, D, Adham, D, Advani, S, Agasthi, P, Aghaali, M, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, M, Aichour, M, Aji, B, Akinyemi, O, Aklilu, A, Akunna, C, Al-Aly, Z, Alanzi, T, Alcalde-Rabanal, J, Alemu, B, Alemu, A, Alhassan, R, Alif, S, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, S, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Al-Raddadi, R, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, S, Amiri, F, Amugsi, D, Anber, N, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, T, Anegago, M, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, Z, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aremu, O, Areri, H, Artaman, A, Arzani, A, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Asemahagn, M, Asghari Jafarabadi, M, Ashebir, M, Ataro, Z, Athari, S, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Awoke, N, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayano, G, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Ayza, M, Azadmehr, A, B, D, Babalola, T, Badawi, A, Badiye, A, Bahrami, M, Bairwa, M, Bakkannavar, S, Banik, P, Baraki, A, Barboza, M, Basaleem, H, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Baye, B, Bazmandegan, G, Bedi, N, Bekuma, T, Bell, M, Bensenor, I, Berhe, K, Berhe, A, Berhie, K, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, Z, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Birhanu, M, Biswas, R, Bockarie, M, Bohlouli, S, Bohluli, M, Boloor, A, Borzouei, S, Bragazzi, N, Braithwaite, D, Brunoni, A, Burugina Nagaraja, S, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Camera, L, Car, J, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castro, F, Cevik, M, Chanie, W, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, S, Chen, S, Chin, K, Chowdhury, M, Cook, A, Costa, V, Cromwell, E, Dachew, B, Dagne, H, Dagnew, B, Dahiru, T, Dahlawi, S, Dai, H, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Daoud, F, Das, J, Das Gupta, R, Dash, A, Davila-Cervantes, C, Davletov, K, Deeba, F, De Neve, J, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Deribe, K, Desalew, A, Dessie, G, Dey, S, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, G, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Dipeolu, I, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Dorostkar, F, Doshmangir, L, Duko, B, Duraes, A, Earl, L, Edinur, H, Efendi, F, Elayedath, R, Elema, T, Elhabashy, H, El-Jaafary, S, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, Elsharkawy, A, El-Sherbiny, Y, El Tantawi, M, Endalew, D, Eshrati, B, Eskandari, K, Eskandarieh, S, Fadhil, I, Faraon, E, Fareed, M, Faris, P, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fasanmi, A, Fattahi, N, Fauk, N, Feigin, V, Feleke, B, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Foigt, N, Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, M, Francis, J, Franklin, R, Freitas, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, M, Gaidhane, A, Gayesa, R, Geberemariyam, B, Gebregiorgis, B, Gebremariam, H, Gebremariam, T, Gebremeskel, L, Gebremeskel, G, Gebreslassie, A, Geramo, Y, Gesesew, H, Gessner, B, Getacher, L, Ghadiri, K, Ghaffarifar, F, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajarzadeh, M, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Gilani, S, Gill, T, Godinho, M, Gona, P, Grada, A, Gubari, M, Gudi, N, Guido, D, Guled, R, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamadeh, R, Handiso, D, Hanif, A, Hargono, A, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, M, Hasan, S, Hashemian, M, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Hegazy, M, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Henry, N, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Heydarpour, S, Hidru, H, Hoang, C, Holla, R, Hon, J, Hong, S, Hoogar, P, Hosseini, S, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hotez, P, Househ, M, Huda, T, Huluko, D, Hussain, S, Hwang, B, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Inbaraj, L, Iqbal, U, Islam, M, Islam, S, Iwu, C, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jahani, M, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, Jalilian, F, Janodia, M, Javaheri, T, Jha, R, John, O, Johnson, K, Jonas, J, Jonnagaddala, J, Joseph, N, Joshi, A, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kahlon, T, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamiab, Z, Kanchan, T, Kapil, U, Kapoor, N, Karami Matin, B, Karimi, S, Kasa, A, Kasahun, G, Kassa, Z, Kassa, G, Kassahun, G, Kayode, G, Kazemi Karyani, A, Keflie, T, Keiyoro, P, Kelkay, B, Keramati, M, Ketema, D, Khalid, N, Khammarnia, M, Khan, M, Khan, J, Khatab, K, Khater, A, Khater, M, Khoja, A, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kolola, T, Koolivand, A, Kosen, S, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Kuate Defo, B, Kugbey, N, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, G, Kumar, N, Kumar, P, Kumar, M, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, Lacey, B, Lad, D, Lal, D, Lami, F, Landires, I, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Laurens, M, La Vecchia, C, Laxmaiah, A, Lee, P, Lee, S, Legrand, K, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Li, S, Liu, X, Lopez, J, Machado, D, Madhava Kunjathur, S, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Mahadeshwara Prasad, D, Mahasha, P, Maheri, M, Mahotra, N, Majeed, A, Maled, V, Maleki, S, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Manzar, M, Marrugo Arnedo, C, Martins-Melo, F, Masaka, A, Maulik, P, Mayala, B, Mehari, M, Mehndiratta, M, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Mehri, F, Mehta, K, Meitei, W, Mekonnen, T, Meles, G, Melku, M, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, M, Mengesha, E, Meretoja, T, Mersha, A, Metekiya, W, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Mini, G, Mir, S, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Misra, S, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, D, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, H, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, A, Mohammed, J, Mohseni Bandpei, M, Mokdad, A, Molassiotis, A, Monasta, L, Moradi, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mosapour, A, Mouodi, S, Mousavi, S, Mousavi Khaneghah, A, Mulu, G, Munir, M, Muriithi, M, Murthy, G, Mustafa, G, Nabhan, A, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Nagaraju, S, Naghavi, M, Naik, G, Naimzada, M, Nangia, V, Nansseu, J, Naqvi, A, Nascimento, B, Nayak, S, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Netsere, H, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, D, Nguyen, H, Nigatu, Y, Nikbakhsh, R, Nikpoor, A, Nnaji, C, Nong, V, Noubiap, J, Nunez-Samudio, V, Nwatah, V, Nyanhanda, T, Oancea, B, Ogbo, F, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Okello, D, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, J, Olusanya, B, Bali, A, Omer, M, Omonisi, A, Onwujekwe, O, Ortiz, A, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Owolabi, M, Mahesh, P, Padubidri, J, Pakhare, A, Pakshir, K, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Pandi-Perumal, S, Pangaribuan, H, Pasupula, D, Patel, S, Patel, U, Pathak, A, Patton, G, Toroudi, H, Pereira, J, Pescarini, J, Pham, H, Pickering, B, Pirouzpanah, S, Pirsaheb, M, Pokhrel, K, Postma, M, Pottoo, F, Pourchamani, H, Pourjafar, H, Poustchi, H, Prada, S, Pribadi, D, Syed, Z, Rabiee, N, Rafiee, A, Rahim, F, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rai, R, Rajesh, A, Ram, P, Ramezanzadeh, K, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawal, L, Rawasia, W, Rawassizadeh, R, Regassa, L, Reiner, R, Reshmi, B, Rezaei, N, Rezahosseini, O, Rezapour, A, Riahi, S, Ribeiro, D, Ribeiro, A, Rickard, J, Roba, H, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Rostamian, M, Rumisha, S, Rwegerera, G, Sabour, S, Sadeghi, E, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Sajadi, S, Salam, N, Salem, M, Kafil, H, Santos, I, Santric-Milicevic, M, Saraswathy, S, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sartorius, B, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sathish, T, Saxena, D, Sbarra, A, Schwebel, D, Senbeta, A, Sengupta, D, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shahbaz, M, Shahid, I, Shaikh, M, Shaka, M, Shalash, A, Shamali, M, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamsi, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sharifi, A, Sheikh, A, Sheikhtaheri, A, Shetty, R, Shetty, B, Shetty, A, Shiferaw, W, Shigematsu, M, Il Shin, J, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shivarov, V, Siabani, S, Malleshappa, S, Siddiqi, T, Sidemo, N, Singh, B, Singh, S, Sintayehu, Y, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Sobhiyeh, M, Soheili, A, Soltani, S, Sorrie, M, Spurlock, E, Sreeramareddy, C, Sudaryanto, A, Sufiyan, M, Sultan, I, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Taddele, B, Tadesse, E, Taherkhani, A, Tamir, Z, Tamiru, A, Tareque, M, Tbakhi, A, Teame, H, Tefera, Y, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekalegn, Y, Tekle, M, Teklehaimanot, B, Temsah, M, Tesema, G, Thankappan, K, Thomas, N, Tiki, T, Tilahune, A, Titova, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, K, Tran, B, Tripathi, R, Tripathy, J, Truong, P, Uddin, R, Ullah, A, Umeokonkwo, C, Uneke, C, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Usman, M, Vacante, M, Vakilian, A, Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Vasseghian, Y, Verma, M, Violante, F, Vo, B, Wado, Y, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wangdi, K, Weldesamuel, G, Werdecker, A, Wiangkham, T, Wickramasinghe, N, Wiysonge, C, Wonde, T, Wu, A, Wu, C, Xie, Y, Yadollahpour, A, Jabbari, S, Yamada, T, Yang, M, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeheyis, T, Yeshaneh, A, Yeshaw, Y, Yeshitila, Y, Yilma, M, Yip, P, Young, M, Yousefi, Z, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yousof, H, Yousuf, A, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Zafar, S, Zaidi, S, Zaidi, Z, Zakzuk, J, Bin Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandifar, A, Zangeneh, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zewdie, D, Zewdie, K, Zhang, Y, Zhu, C, Ziapour, A, Kassebaum, N, Hay, S, Kinyoki D., Osgood-Zimmerman A. E., Bhattacharjee N. V., Schaeffer L. E., Lazzar-Atwood A., Lu D., Ewald S. B., Donkers K. M., Letourneau I. D., Collison M., Schipp M. F., Abajobir A., Abbasi S., Abbasi N., Abbasifard M., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abd-Elsalam S. M., Abdoli A., Abdollahpour I., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abraham B., Abreu L. G., Abrigo M. R. M., Abualhasan A., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A. I., Accrombessi M. M. K., Adabi M., Adebayo O. M., Adegbosin A. E., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O. O., Adeyinka D. A., Adham D., Advani S. M., Agasthi P., Aghaali M., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmadi S., Ahmed M. B., Aichour M. T. E., Aji B., Akinyemi O. O., Aklilu A., Akunna C. J., Al-Aly Z., Alanzi T. M., Alcalde-Rabanal J. E., Alemu B. W., Alemu A., Alhassan R. K., Alif S. M., Alipour V., Alizade H., Aljunid S. M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Mekhlafi H. M., Al-Raddadi R. M., Alvis-Guzman N., Amini S., Amiri F., Amugsi D. A., Anber N. H., Ancuceanu R., Andrei T., Anegago M. T., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Anteneh Z. A., Antriyandarti E., Anvari D., Anwer R., Aqeel M., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Areri H. A., Artaman A., Arzani A., Asaad M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asadi-Pooya A. A., Asemahagn M. A., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Ashebir M. M., Ataro Z., Athari S. M., Athari S. S., Atout M. M. W., Ausloos M., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B. P., Ayano G., Ayanore M. A., Aynalem Y. A., Ayza M. A., Azadmehr A., B D., Babalola T. K., Badawi A., Badiye A. D., Bahrami M. A., Bairwa M., Bakkannavar S. M., Banik P. C., Baraki A. G., Barboza M. A., Basaleem H., Basu S., Bayati M., Baye B. A., Bazmandegan G., Bedi N., Bekuma T. T. T., Bell M. L., Bensenor I. M., Berhe K., Berhe A. K., Berhie K. A., Bhandari D., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z. A., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Biondi A., Birhanu M., Biswas R. K., Bockarie M. J., Bohlouli S., Bohluli M., Boloor A., Borzouei S., Bragazzi N. L., Braithwaite D., Brunoni A. R., Burugina Nagaraja S., Butt Z. A., Caetano dos Santos F. L., Camera L. A., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Castro F., Cevik M., Chanie W. F., Charan J., Chatterjee S., Chattu V. K., Chaturvedi S., Chen S., Chin K. L., Chowdhury M. A. K., Cook A. J., Costa V. M., Cromwell E. A., Dachew B. A., Dagne H., Dagnew B., Dahiru T., Dahlawi S. M. A., Dai H., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Daoud F., Das J. K., Das Gupta R., Dash A. P., Davila-Cervantes C. A., Davletov K., Deeba F., De Neve J. -W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Desalew A., Dessie G. A., Dey S., Dhimal M., Dhungana G. P., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Dipeolu I. O., Djalalinia S., Do H. T., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Duko B., Duraes A. R., Earl L., Edinur H. A., Efendi F., Elayedath R., Elema T. B., Elhabashy H. R., El-Jaafary S. I., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elsharkawy A., El-Sherbiny Y. M., El Tantawi M., Endalew D. A., Eshrati B., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Fadhil I., Faraon E. J. A., Fareed M., Faris P. S., Farwati M., Farzadfar F., Fasanmi A. O., Fattahi N., Fauk N. K., Feigin V. L., Feleke B. E., Fereshtehnejad S. -M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Foigt N. A., Fomenkov A. A., Foroutan M., Francis J. M., Franklin R. C., Freitas M., Fukumoto T., Gad M. M., Gaidhane A. M., Gayesa R. T., Geberemariyam B. S., Gebregiorgis B. G., Gebremariam H., Gebremariam T. B. B., Gebremeskel L., Gebremeskel G. G., Gebreslassie A. A., Geramo Y. C. D., Gesesew H. A., Gessner B. D., Getacher L., Ghadiri K., Ghaffarifar F., Ghafourifard M., Ghajarzadeh M., Ghamari F., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gilani S. A., Gill T. K., Godinho M. A., Gona P. N., Grada A., Gubari M. I. M., Gudi N., Guido D., Guled R. A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R. R., Handiso D. W., Hanif A., Hargono A., Hasaballah A. I., Hasan M. M., Hasan S. S., Hashemian M., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Hegazy M. I., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Henry N. J., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Heydarpour S., Hidru H. D., Hoang C. L., Holla R., Hon J., Hong S. H., Hoogar P., Hosseini S. N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Hotez P. J., Househ M., Huda T. M., Huluko D. H. H., Hussain S. A., Hwang B. -F., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Inbaraj L. R., Iqbal U., Islam M. M., Islam S. M. S., Iwu C. J., Iwu C. C. D., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Jahani M. A., Jain V., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., Jalilian F., Janodia M. D., Javaheri T., Jha R. P., John O., Johnson K. B., Jonas J. B., Jonnagaddala J., Joseph N., Joshi A., Joukar F., Jozwiak J. J., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kahlon T., Kalankesh L. R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamiab Z., Kanchan T., Kapil U., Kapoor N., Karami Matin B., Karimi S. E., Kasa A. S., Kasahun G. G., Kassa Z. Y., Kassa G. G., Kassahun G., Kayode G. A., Kazemi Karyani A., Keflie T. S., Keiyoro P. N., Kelkay B., Keramati M., Ketema D. B., Khalid N., Khammarnia M., Khan M. N., Khan M., Khan J., Khatab K., Khater A. M., Khater M. M., Khoja A. T., Khubchandani J., Kianipour N., Kim Y. -E., Kim Y. J., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kolola T., Koolivand A., Kosen S., Koul P. A., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Kuate Defo B., Kugbey N., Kulkarni V., Kumar G. A., Kumar N., Kumar P., Kumar M., Kurmi O. P., Kusuma D., Lacey B., Lad D. P., Lal D. K., Lami F. H., Landires I., Larsson A. O., Lasrado S., Laurens M. B., La Vecchia C., Laxmaiah A., Lee P. H., Lee S. W. H., LeGrand K. E., Lewycka S., Li B., Li S., Liu X., Lopez J. C. F., Machado D. B., Madhava Kunjathur S., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahadeshwara Prasad D. R., Mahasha P. W., Maheri M., Mahotra N. B., Majeed A., Maled V., Maleki S., Malekzadeh R., Malta D. C., Mamun A. A., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia M. A., Manzar M. D. D., Marrugo Arnedo C. A., Martins-Melo F. R., Masaka A., Maulik P. K., Mayala B. K., Mehari M., Mehndiratta M. M., Mehrabi Nasab E., Mehri F., Mehta K. M., Meitei W. B., Mekonnen T., Meles G. G., Melku M., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mengesha M. B., Mengesha E. W., Meretoja T. J., Mersha A. M., Metekiya W. M., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Mini G. K., Mir S. A., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Misra S., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad Y., Mohammad D. K., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadi S. M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed H. M., Mohammed S., Mohammed A. S., Mohammed J. A., Mohseni Bandpei M. A., Mokdad A. H., Molassiotis A., Monasta L., Moradi M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosapour A., Mouodi S., Mousavi S. M., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mulu G. B. B., Munir M., Muriithi M. K., Murthy G. V. S., Mustafa G., Nabhan A. F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A. J., Nagaraju S. P., Naghavi M., Naik G., Naimzada M. D., Nangia V., Nansseu J. R., Naqvi A. 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R., Burugina Nagaraja S., Butt Z. A., Caetano dos Santos F. L., Camera L. A., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Castro F., Cevik M., Chanie W. F., Charan J., Chatterjee S., Chattu V. K., Chaturvedi S., Chen S., Chin K. L., Chowdhury M. A. K., Cook A. J., Costa V. M., Cromwell E. A., Dachew B. A., Dagne H., Dagnew B., Dahiru T., Dahlawi S. M. A., Dai H., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Daoud F., Das J. K., Das Gupta R., Dash A. P., Davila-Cervantes C. A., Davletov K., Deeba F., De Neve J. -W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Desalew A., Dessie G. A., Dey S., Dhimal M., Dhungana G. P., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Dipeolu I. O., Djalalinia S., Do H. T., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Duko B., Duraes A. R., Earl L., Edinur H. A., Efendi F., Elayedath R., Elema T. B., Elhabashy H. R., El-Jaafary S. I., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elsharkawy A., El-Sherbiny Y. M., El Tantawi M., Endalew D. A., Eshrati B., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Fadhil I., Faraon E. J. A., Fareed M., Faris P. S., Farwati M., Farzadfar F., Fasanmi A. O., Fattahi N., Fauk N. K., Feigin V. L., Feleke B. E., Fereshtehnejad S. -M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Foigt N. A., Fomenkov A. A., Foroutan M., Francis J. M., Franklin R. C., Freitas M., Fukumoto T., Gad M. M., Gaidhane A. M., Gayesa R. T., Geberemariyam B. S., Gebregiorgis B. G., Gebremariam H., Gebremariam T. B. B., Gebremeskel L., Gebremeskel G. G., Gebreslassie A. A., Geramo Y. C. D., Gesesew H. A., Gessner B. D., Getacher L., Ghadiri K., Ghaffarifar F., Ghafourifard M., Ghajarzadeh M., Ghamari F., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gilani S. A., Gill T. K., Godinho M. A., Gona P. N., Grada A., Gubari M. I. M., Gudi N., Guido D., Guled R. A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R. R., Handiso D. W., Hanif A., Hargono A., Hasaballah A. I., Hasan M. M., Hasan S. S., Hashemian M., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Hegazy M. I., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Henry N. J., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Heydarpour S., Hidru H. D., Hoang C. L., Holla R., Hon J., Hong S. H., Hoogar P., Hosseini S. N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Hotez P. J., Househ M., Huda T. M., Huluko D. H. H., Hussain S. A., Hwang B. -F., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Inbaraj L. R., Iqbal U., Islam M. M., Islam S. M. S., Iwu C. J., Iwu C. C. D., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Jahani M. A., Jain V., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., Jalilian F., Janodia M. D., Javaheri T., Jha R. P., John O., Johnson K. B., Jonas J. B., Jonnagaddala J., Joseph N., Joshi A., Joukar F., Jozwiak J. J., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kahlon T., Kalankesh L. R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamiab Z., Kanchan T., Kapil U., Kapoor N., Karami Matin B., Karimi S. E., Kasa A. S., Kasahun G. G., Kassa Z. Y., Kassa G. G., Kassahun G., Kayode G. A., Kazemi Karyani A., Keflie T. S., Keiyoro P. N., Kelkay B., Keramati M., Ketema D. B., Khalid N., Khammarnia M., Khan M. N., Khan M., Khan J., Khatab K., Khater A. M., Khater M. M., Khoja A. T., Khubchandani J., Kianipour N., Kim Y. -E., Kim Y. J., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kolola T., Koolivand A., Kosen S., Koul P. A., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Kuate Defo B., Kugbey N., Kulkarni V., Kumar G. A., Kumar N., Kumar P., Kumar M., Kurmi O. P., Kusuma D., Lacey B., Lad D. P., Lal D. K., Lami F. H., Landires I., Larsson A. O., Lasrado S., Laurens M. B., La Vecchia C., Laxmaiah A., Lee P. H., Lee S. W. H., LeGrand K. E., Lewycka S., Li B., Li S., Liu X., Lopez J. C. F., Machado D. B., Madhava Kunjathur S., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahadeshwara Prasad D. R., Mahasha P. W., Maheri M., Mahotra N. B., Majeed A., Maled V., Maleki S., Malekzadeh R., Malta D. C., Mamun A. A., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia M. A., Manzar M. D. D., Marrugo Arnedo C. A., Martins-Melo F. R., Masaka A., Maulik P. K., Mayala B. K., Mehari M., Mehndiratta M. M., Mehrabi Nasab E., Mehri F., Mehta K. M., Meitei W. B., Mekonnen T., Meles G. G., Melku M., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mengesha M. B., Mengesha E. W., Meretoja T. J., Mersha A. M., Metekiya W. M., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Mini G. K., Mir S. A., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Misra S., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad Y., Mohammad D. K., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadi S. M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed H. M., Mohammed S., Mohammed A. S., Mohammed J. A., Mohseni Bandpei M. A., Mokdad A. H., Molassiotis A., Monasta L., Moradi M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosapour A., Mouodi S., Mousavi S. M., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mulu G. B. B., Munir M., Muriithi M. K., Murthy G. V. S., Mustafa G., Nabhan A. F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A. J., Nagaraju S. P., Naghavi M., Naik G., Naimzada M. D., Nangia V., Nansseu J. R., Naqvi A. A., Nascimento B. R., Nayak S., Nayak V. C., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Negoi R. I., Netsere H. B., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ngunjiri J. W., Nguyen C. T., Nguyen D. N., Nguyen H. L. T., Nigatu Y. T., Nikbakhsh R., Nikpoor A. R., Nnaji C. A., Nong V. M., Noubiap J. J., Nunez-Samudio V., Nwatah V. E., Nyanhanda T., Oancea B., Ogbo F. A., Oghenetega O. B., Oh I. -H., Okello D. M., Oladnabi M., Olagunju A. T., Olusanya J. O., Olusanya B. O., Bali A. O., Omer M. O., Omonisi A. E. E., Onwujekwe O. E., Ortiz A., Ortiz-Panozo E., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S. S., Owolabi M. O., Mahesh P. A., Padubidri J. R., Pakhare A. P., Pakshir K., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Pandi-Perumal S. R., Pangaribuan H. U., Pasupula D. K., Patel S. K., Patel U. K., Pathak A., Patton G. C., Toroudi H. P., Pereira J., Pescarini J. M., Pham H. Q., Pickering B. V., Pirouzpanah S., Pirsaheb M., Pokhrel K. N., Postma M. J., Pottoo F. H., Pourchamani H., Pourjafar H., Poustchi H., Prada S. I., Pribadi D. R. A., Syed Z. Q., Rabiee N., Rafiee A., Rahim F., Rahman M. H. U., Rahman M. A., Rahmani A. M., Rai R. K., Rajesh A., Ram P., Ramezanzadeh K., Ranabhat C. L., Rao S. J., Rao S., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawal L., Rawasia W. F., Rawassizadeh R., Regassa L. D., Reiner R. C., Reshmi B., Rezaei N., Rezahosseini O., Rezapour A., Riahi S. M., Ribeiro D., Ribeiro A. I., Rickard J., Roba H. S., Roever L., Ronfani L., Rostamian M., Rumisha S. F., Rwegerera G. M., Sabour S., Sadeghi E., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M. A., Sajadi S. M., Salam N., Salem M. R., Kafil H. S., Santos I. S., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Saraswathy S. Y. I., Sarrafzadegan N., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sathish T., Saxena D., Sbarra A. N., Schwebel D. C., Senbeta A. M., Sengupta D., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S. G., Seylani A., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shahabi S., Shahbaz M., Shahid I., Shaikh M. A., Shaka M. F., Shalash A. S., Shamali M., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsi M. B., Shamsizadeh M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sharifi A., Sheikh A., Sheikhtaheri A., Shetty R. S., Shetty B. S. K., Shetty A., Shiferaw W. S., Shigematsu M., Il Shin J., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shivarov V., Siabani S., Malleshappa S. K. S., Siddiqi T. J., Sidemo N. B., Singh B. B., Singh S., Sintayehu Y., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Sobhiyeh M. R., Soheili A., Soltani S., Sorrie M. B., Spurlock E. E., Sreeramareddy C. T., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M. B., Sultan I., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Taddele B. W., Tadesse E. G., Taherkhani A., Tamir Z., Tamiru A. T., Tareque M. I., Tbakhi A., Teame H., Tefera Y. G., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekalegn Y., Tekle M. G., Teklehaimanot B. F., Temsah M. -H., Tesema G. A., Thankappan K. R., Thomas N., Tiki T., Tilahune A. B., Titova M. V., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tran K. B., Tran B. X., Tripathi R., Tripathy J. P., Truong P. N., Uddin R., Ullah A., Umeokonkwo C. D., Uneke C. J., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Usman M. S., Vacante M., Vakilian A., Tahbaz S. V., Valdez P. R., Vasseghian Y., Verma M., Violante F. S., Vo B., Wado Y. D., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wang Y. -P., Wangdi K., Weldesamuel G. T., Werdecker A., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N. D., Wiysonge C. S., Wonde T. E., Wu A. -M., Wu C., Xie Y., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S. H. Y., Yamada T., Yang M., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeheyis T. Y., Yeshaneh A., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y. G., Yilma M. T., Yip P., Young M. F., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yousof H. -A. S. A., Yousuf A. Y., Yu C., Yu Y., Zafar S., Zaidi S. S., Zaidi Z., Zakzuk J., Bin Zaman S., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandifar A., Zangeneh A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zewdie D. T., Zewdie K. A., Zhang Y., Zhu C., Ziapour A., Kassebaum N. J., and Hay S. I.
Abstract: Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.
Published: 2021

5. Iron intake in relation to ovarian reserve among women seeking infertility treatment.

Author: Jiménez-Cardozo, N, Mitsunami, M, Mínguez-Alarcón, L, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Wang, S, Souter, I, Hauser, R, and Chavarro, J E
Subjects: OVARIAN reserve, OVARIAN follicle, IRON supplements, IRON, TRANSVAGINAL ultrasonography
Abstract: STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between iron intake and ovarian reserve among women seeking fertility care? SUMMARY ANSWER Supplemental iron intake above 45 mg/day is associated with lower ovarian reserve among women seeking fertility care. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Although the literature regarding iron intake in relation to ovarian reserve is scant and inconsistent, some evidence suggests that iron may have gonadotoxic effects. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This observational study included 582 female participants attending the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center (2007–2019) enrolled in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Iron intake was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Markers of ovarian reserve included antral follicle count (AFC) (assessed via transvaginal ultrasound) and Day 3 FSH, both obtained during the course of an infertility evaluation. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Participants had a median age of 35 years and median total iron intake of 29 mg/day. Total iron intake was inversely related to AFC and this association was driven by intake of supplemental iron. Compared to women with a supplemental iron intake of ≤20 mg/day, women consuming 45–64 mg/day of supplemental iron had a 17% (−35%, 0.3%) lower AFC and women consuming ≥65 mg/day of supplemental iron had a 32% (−54%, −11%) lower AFC after adjusting for potential confounders (P , linear trend = 0.003). Similarly, in a multivariable-adjusted analysis, Day 3 FSH levels were 0.9 (0.5, 1.3) IU/ml higher among women with a supplemental iron intake of ≥65 mg/day when compared to women with a supplemental iron intake of ≤20 mg/day (P , linear trend = 0.02). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Iron intake was estimated using a method that relies on self-report and we had no biomarkers of iron status in our participants; only 36 women consumed ≥45 mg/day of supplemental iron. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Since all study participants were seeking fertility treatment, our findings may not apply to women in the general population. Although our findings are consistent with studies of women with iron overload, given the paucity of literature on this topic, it is essential that this question is revisited in studies designed to better understand the dose–response relation of this association across the entire distribution of ovarian reserve and the risk–benefit balance of pre-conceptional iron supplementation given its many positive effects on pregnancy outcomes. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The project was funded by Grants R01ES022955, R01ES033651, R01ES009718, P30ES000002, and P30DK046200 from the National Institutes of Health. N.J.-C. was supported by a Fulbright Scholarship. N.J.-C. M.M. L.M.-A. E.O.-P. S.W. I.S. and J.E.C. declare no conflict of interest related to the work in the manuscript. R.H. has received grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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6. Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018.

Author: Kinyoki D., Osgood-Zimmerman A.E., Bhattacharjee N.V., Schaeffer L.E., Lazzar-Atwood A., Lu D., Ewald S.B., Donkers K.M., Letourneau I.D., Collison M., Schipp M.F., Abajobir A., Abbasi S., Abbasi N., Abbasifard M., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abd-Elsalam S.M., Abdoli A., Abdollahpour I., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abraham B., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abualhasan A., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A.I., Accrombessi M.M.K., Adabi M., Adebayo O.M., Adegbosin A.E., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adeyinka D.A., Adham D., Advani S.M., Agasthi P., Aghaali M., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmadi S., Ahmed M.B., Aichour M.T.E., Aji B., Akinyemi O.O., Aklilu A., Akunna C.J., Al-Aly Z., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alemu B.W., Alemu A., Alhassan R.K., Alif S.M., Alipour V., Alizade H., Aljunid S.M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Al-Raddadi R.M., Alvis-Guzman N., Amini S., Amiri F., Amugsi D.A., Anber N.H., Ancuceanu R., Andrei T., Anegago M.T., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Anteneh Z.A., Antriyandarti E., Anvari D., Anwer R., Aqeel M., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Areri H.A., Artaman A., Arzani A., Asaad M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asadi-Pooya A.A., Asemahagn M.A., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Ashebir M.M., Ataro Z., Athari S.M., Athari S.S., Atout M.M.W., Ausloos M., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayano G., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Ayza M.A., Azadmehr A., B D., Babalola T.K., Badawi A., Badiye A.D., Bahrami M.A., Bairwa M., Bakkannavar S.M., Banik P.C., Baraki A.G., Barboza M.A., Basaleem H., Basu S., Bayati M., Baye B.A., Bazmandegan G., Bedi N., Bekuma T.T.T., Bell M.L., Bensenor I.M., Berhe K., Berhe A.K., Berhie K.A., Bhandari D., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Biondi A., Birhanu M., Biswas R.K., Bockarie M.J., Bohlouli S., Bohluli M., Boloor A., Borzouei S., Bragazzi N.L., Braithwaite D., Brunoni A.R., Burugina Nagaraja S., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F.L., Camera L.A., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Cevik M., Chanie W.F., Charan J., Chatterjee S., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Chen S., Chin K.L., Chowdhury M.A.K., Cook A.J., Costa V.M., Cromwell E.A., Dachew B.A., Dagne H., Dagnew B., Dahiru T., Dahlawi S.M.A., Dai H., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Daoud F., Das J.K., Das Gupta R., Dash A.P., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., Deeba F., De Neve J.-W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Desalew A., Dessie G.A., Dey S., Dhimal M., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Dipeolu I.O., Djalalinia S., Do H.T., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Duko B., Duraes A.R., Earl L., Edinur H.A., Efendi F., Elayedath R., Elema T.B., Elhabashy H.R., El-Jaafary S.I., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elsharkawy A., El-Sherbiny Y.M., El Tantawi M., Endalew D.A., Eshrati B., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Fadhil I., Faraon E.J.A., Fareed M., Faris P.S., Farwati M., Farzadfar F., Fasanmi A.O., Fattahi N., Fauk N.K., Feigin V.L., Feleke B.E., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Foigt N.A., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Franklin R.C., Freitas M., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Gaidhane A.M., Gayesa R.T., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebregiorgis B.G., Gebremariam H., Gebremariam T.B.B., Gebremeskel L., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebreslassie A.A., Geramo Y.C.D., Gesesew H.A., Gessner B.D., Getacher L., Ghadiri K., Ghaffarifar F., Ghafourifard M., Ghajarzadeh M., Ghamari F., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gilani S.A., Gill T.K., Godinho M.A., Gona P.N., Grada A., Gubari M.I.M., Gudi N., Guido D., Guled R.A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Handiso D.W., Hanif A., Hargono A., Hasaballah A.I., Hasan M.M., Hasan S.S., Hashemian M., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Hegazy M.I., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Heydarpour S., Hidru H.D., Hoang C.L., Holla R., Hon J., Hong S.H., Hoogar P., Hosseini S.N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Hotez P.J., Househ M., Huda T.M., Huluko D.H.H., Hussain S.A., Hwang B.-F., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Islam M.M., Islam S.M.S., Iwu C.J., Iwu C.C.D., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Jahani M.A., Jain V., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., Jalilian F., Janodia M.D., Javaheri T., Jha R.P., John O., Johnson K.B., Jonas J.B., Jonnagaddala J., Joseph N., Joshi A., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kahlon T., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamiab Z., Kanchan T., Kapil U., Kapoor N., Karami Matin B., Karimi S.E., Kasa A.S., Kasahun G.G., Kassa Z.Y., Kassa G.G., Kassahun G., Kayode G.A., Kazemi Karyani A., Keflie T.S., Keiyoro P.N., Kelkay B., Keramati M., Ketema D.B., Khalid N., Khammarnia M., Khan M.N., Khan M., Khan J., Khatab K., Khater A.M., Khater M.M., Khoja A.T., Khubchandani J., Kianipour N., Kim Y.-E., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kolola T., Koolivand A., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Kuate Defo B., Kugbey N., Kulkarni V., Kumar G.A., Kumar N., Kumar P., Kumar M., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., Lacey B., Lad D.P., Lal D.K., Lami F.H., Landires I., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Laurens M.B., La Vecchia C., Laxmaiah A., Lee P.H., Lee S.W.H., LeGrand K.E., Lewycka S., Li B., Li S., Liu X., Lopez J.C.F., Machado D.B., Madhava Kunjathur S., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahadeshwara Prasad D.R., Mahasha P.W., Maheri M., Mahotra N.B., Majeed A., Maled V., Maleki S., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Manzar M.D.D., Marrugo Arnedo C.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., Maulik P.K., Mayala B.K., Mehari M., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehrabi Nasab E., Mehri F., Mehta K.M., Meitei W.B., Mekonnen T., Meles G.G., Melku M., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha M.B., Mengesha E.W., Meretoja T.J., Mersha A.M., Metekiya W.M., Miazgowski T., Michalek I.M., Mini G.K., Mir S.A., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Misra S., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad Y., Mohammad D.K., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadi S.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed H.M., Mohammed A.S., Mohammed S., Mohammed J.A., Mohseni Bandpei M.A., Mokdad A.H., Molassiotis A., Monasta L., Moradi M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosapour A., Mouodi S., Mousavi S.M., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mulu G.B.B., Munir M., Muriithi M.K., Murthy G.V.S., Mustafa G., Nabhan A.F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Nagaraju S.P., Naghavi M., Naik G., Naimzada M.D., Nangia V., Nansseu J.R., Naqvi A.A., Nascimento B.R., Nayak S., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Netsere H.B., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen D.N., Nguyen H.L.T., Nigatu Y.T., Nikbakhsh R., Nikpoor A.R., Nnaji C.A., Nong V.M., Noubiap J.J., Nunez-Samudio V., Nwatah V.E., Nyanhanda T., Oancea B., Ogbo F.A., Oghenetega O.B., Oh I.-H., 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Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tadesse E.G., Taherkhani A., Tamir Z., Tamiru A.T., Tareque M.I., Tbakhi A., Teame H., Tefera Y.G., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekalegn Y., Tekle M.G., Teklehaimanot B.F., Temsah M.-H., Tesema G.A., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Tiki T., Tilahune A.B., Titova M.V., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran K.B., Tran B.X., Tripathi R., Tripathy J.P., Truong P.N., Uddin R., Ullah A., Umeokonkwo C.D., Uneke C.J., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Usman M.S., Vacante M., Vakilian A., Tahbaz S.V., Valdez P.R., Vasseghian Y., Verma M., Violante F.S., Vo B., Wado Y.D., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Wangdi K., Weldesamuel G.T., Werdecker A., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wiysonge C.S., Wonde T.E., Wu A.-M., Wu C., Xie Y., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S.H.Y., Yamada T., Yang M., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeheyis T.Y., Yeshaneh A., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y.G., Yilma M.T., Yip P., Young M.F., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yousof H.-A.S.A., Yousuf A.Y., Yu C., Yu Y., 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S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Biondi A., Birhanu M., Biswas R.K., Bockarie M.J., Bohlouli S., Bohluli M., Boloor A., Borzouei S., Bragazzi N.L., Braithwaite D., Brunoni A.R., Burugina Nagaraja S., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F.L., Camera L.A., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Cevik M., Chanie W.F., Charan J., Chatterjee S., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Chen S., Chin K.L., Chowdhury M.A.K., Cook A.J., Costa V.M., Cromwell E.A., Dachew B.A., Dagne H., Dagnew B., Dahiru T., Dahlawi S.M.A., Dai H., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Daoud F., Das J.K., Das Gupta R., Dash A.P., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., Deeba F., De Neve J.-W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Desalew A., Dessie G.A., Dey S., Dhimal M., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Dipeolu I.O., Djalalinia S., Do H.T., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Duko B., Duraes A.R., Earl L., Edinur H.A., Efendi F., Elayedath R., Elema T.B., Elhabashy H.R., El-Jaafary S.I., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elsharkawy A., El-Sherbiny Y.M., El Tantawi M., Endalew D.A., Eshrati B., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Fadhil I., Faraon E.J.A., Fareed M., Faris P.S., Farwati M., Farzadfar F., Fasanmi A.O., Fattahi N., Fauk N.K., Feigin V.L., Feleke B.E., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Foigt N.A., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Franklin R.C., Freitas M., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Gaidhane A.M., Gayesa R.T., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebregiorgis B.G., Gebremariam H., Gebremariam T.B.B., Gebremeskel L., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebreslassie A.A., Geramo Y.C.D., Gesesew H.A., Gessner B.D., Getacher L., Ghadiri K., Ghaffarifar F., Ghafourifard M., Ghajarzadeh M., Ghamari F., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gilani S.A., Gill T.K., Godinho M.A., Gona P.N., Grada A., Gubari M.I.M., Gudi N., Guido D., Guled R.A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Handiso D.W., Hanif A., Hargono A., Hasaballah A.I., Hasan M.M., Hasan S.S., Hashemian 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T.J., Sidemo N.B., Singh B.B., Singh S., Sintayehu Y., Skryabin V.Y., Skryabina A.A., Sobhiyeh M.R., Soheili A., Soltani S., Sorrie M.B., Spurlock E.E., Sreeramareddy C.T., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Sultan I., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tadesse E.G., Taherkhani A., Tamir Z., Tamiru A.T., Tareque M.I., Tbakhi A., Teame H., Tefera Y.G., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekalegn Y., Tekle M.G., Teklehaimanot B.F., Temsah M.-H., Tesema G.A., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Tiki T., Tilahune A.B., Titova M.V., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran K.B., Tran B.X., Tripathi R., Tripathy J.P., Truong P.N., Uddin R., Ullah A., Umeokonkwo C.D., Uneke C.J., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Usman M.S., Vacante M., Vakilian A., Tahbaz S.V., Valdez P.R., Vasseghian Y., Verma M., Violante F.S., Vo B., Wado Y.D., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Wangdi K., Weldesamuel G.T., Werdecker A., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wiysonge C.S., Wonde T.E., Wu A.-M., Wu C., Xie Y., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S.H.Y., Yamada T., Yang M., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeheyis T.Y., Yeshaneh A., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y.G., Yilma M.T., Yip P., Young M.F., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yousof H.-A.S.A., Yousuf A.Y., Yu C., Yu Y., Zafar S., Zaidi S.S., Zaidi Z., Zakzuk J., Bin Zaman S., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandifar A., Zangeneh A., Zastrozhin M.S., Zastrozhina A., Zewdie D.T., Zewdie K.A., Zhang Y., Zhu C., Ziapour A., Kassebaum N.J., and Hay S.I.
Abstract: Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000-2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15-49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization's Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.Copyright © 2021, The Author(s).
Published: 2022

7. Standardising definitions for the pre-eclampsia core outcome set: A consensus development study

Author: Duffy, J. M. N., Cairns, A. E., Magee, L. A., von Dadelszen, P., van 't Hooft, J., Gale, C., Brown, M., Chappell, L. C., Grobman, W. A., Fitzpatrick, R., Karumanchi, S. A., Lucas, D. N., Mol, B., Stark, M., Thangaratinam, S., Wilson, M. J., Williamson, P. R., Ziebland, S., Mcmanus, R. J., Abalos, E. J., Adamson, C. C. D., Akadri, A. A., Akturk, Z., Allegaert, K., Angel-Muller, E., Antretter, J., Ashdown, H. F., Audibert, F., Auger, N., Aygun, C., Babic, I., Bagga, R., Baker, J. M., Beebeejaun, Y., Bhakta, P., Bhandari, V., Bhattacharya, S., Blanker, M. H., Bloomfield, F. H., Bof, A., Brennan, S. M., Broekhuijsen, K., Broughton Pipkin, F., Browne, J. L., Browning, R. M., Bull, J. W., Butt, A., Button, D., Campbell, J. P., Campbell, D. M., Carbillon, L., Carthy, S., Casely, E., Cave, J. A., Cecatti, J. G., Chamillard, M. E., Chassard, D., Checheir, N. C., Chulkov, V. S., Cluver, C. A., Crawford, C. F., Daly, M. C., Darmochwal-Kolarz, D. A., Davies, R. E., Davies, M. W., Dawson, J. S., Dobson, N., Dodd, C. N., Donald, F., Duley, L., Epstein-Mares, J., Erez, O., Evans, E., Farlie, R. N., Ferris, A. V., Frankland, E. M., Freeman, D. J., Gainder, S., Ganzevoort, W., Gbinigie, O. A., Gerval, M. -O., Ghosh, S. K., Gingel, L. J., Glogowska, M., Goodlife, A., Gough, K. L., Green, J. R., Gul, F., Haggerty, L., Hall, D. R., Hallman, M., Hamilton, L. M., Hammond, S. J., Harlow, S. D., Hays, K. E., Hickey, S. C., Higgins, M., Hinton, L., Hobson, S. R., Hogg, M. J., Hollands, H. J., Homer, C. S. E., Hoodbhoy, Z., Howell, P., Huppertz, B., Husain, S., Jacoby, S. D., Jacqz-Aigrain, E., Jenkins, G., Jewel, D., Johnson, M. J., Johnston, C. L., Jones, P. M., Kantrowitz-Gordon, I., Khan, R. -U., Kirby, L. J., Kirk, C., Knight, M., Korey, M. T., Lee, G. J., Lee, V. W., Levene, L. S., Londero, A. P., Lust, K. M., Mackenzie, V., Malha, L., Mattone, M., Mccartney, D. E., Mcfadden, A., Mckinstry, B. H., Middleton, P. F., Mills, D. J., Mistry, H. D., Mitchell, C. A., Mockler, J. C., Molsher, S. -A., Monast, E. S., Moodley, J., Mooij, R., Moore, E. L., Morgan, L., Moulson, A., Mughal, F., Mundle, S. R., Munoz, M. A., Murray, E., Nagata, C., Nair, A. S., Nakimuli, A., Nath, G., Newport, R. S., Oakeshott, P., Ochoa-Ferraro, M. R., Odendaal, H., Ohkuchi, A., Oliveira, L., Ortiz-Panozo, E., Oudijk, M. A., Oygucu, S. E., Paech, M. J., Painter, R. C., Parry, C. L., Payne, B. A., Pearson, E. L., Phupong, V., Pickett, N., Pickles, K. A., Plumb, L. K., Prefumo, F., Preston, R., Ray, J. G., Rayment, J., Regan, L. V., Rey, E., Robson, E. J., Rubin, A. N., Rubio-Romero, J. A., Rull, K., Sass, N., Sauve, N., Savory, N. A., Scott, J. R., Seaton, S. E., Seed, P. T., Shakespeare, J. M., Shand, A. W., Sharma, S., Shaw, T. Y., Smedley, K. L., Smith, D., Smith Conk, A., Soward, D., Stepan, H., Stroumpoulis, K., Surendran, A., Takeda, S., Tan, L., Theriot, B. S., Thomas, H. F., Thompson, K., Thompson, P. I., Thompson, M. J., Toms, L., Torney, K. L. H. T., Treadwell, J. S., Tucker, K. L., Turrentine, M. A., Van Hecke, O., Van Oostwaard, M. F., Vasquez, D. N., Vaughan, D. J. A., Vinturache, A., Walker, J., Wardle, S. P., Wasim, T., Waters, J. H., Whitehead, C. L., Wolfson, A., Yeo, S., Zermansky, A. G., (iHOPE), International Collaboration to Harmonise Outcomes for Pre-eclampsia, Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), University of Oxford, University College London, King’s College London, Academic Medical Center, Imperial College London, St George Hospital and University of New South Wales, Northwestern University, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Monash University, University of Adelaide, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sheffield, University of Liverpool, Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Babcock University, Ailem Academic Counselling, KU Leuven, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Northwell Health, Université de Montréal, University of Montreal Hospital Centre, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Fetal Medicine Research Institute, University Hospital Limerick, Drexel University, University of Aberdeen, University of Groningen, University of Auckland, Haaglanden Medisch Centrum, Nottingham University Medical School, Utrecht University, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Jean-Verdier Hospital, Downland Practice, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Université Lyon, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, South Ural State Medical University, Stellenbosch University, Irish Neonatal Health Alliance, University of Rzeszow, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, University Hospitals of Leicester, North Bristol NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Soroka University Medical Center Ben Gurion University of the Negev, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hospitalsenhed Midt, University of Glasgow, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Khyber Medical University Institution of Medical Sciences, Midwife Mid Essex Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Oulu, University of Michigan, Bastyr University, Irish Nurses and Midwives Organisation, University of Toronto, Barts Health NHS Trust, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Burnet Institute, Aga Khan University, Medical University of Graz, Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Mount Royal University, Université de Paris, Royal Surrey County Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Washington School of Nursing, Evelina London Children's Hospital Neonatal Unit, University of Sydney, University of Leicester, Academic Hospital of Udine, NHS Borders, Weill Cornell Medical College, University of Dundee, University of Edinburgh, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Monash University and Monash Health, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Kwa Zulu-Natal, Beatrix Hospital, Keele University, Government Medical College, Institut Catala de la Salut. IdiapJgol, National Center for Child Health and Development, Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Axon Anaesthesia Associates, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, University of London, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), National Institute of Public Health, University of Kyrenia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Amsterdam University Centres, University of British Columbia, Chulalongkorn University, University of Brescia, University Of British Columbia, University of Montreal, Women's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Université de Sherbrooke, University Hospital of Wales, University of Iowa, King's College London, Westmead Hospital, Princess Royal Maternity, Leipzig University, Centre Hospitalier Public du Cotentin, Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Western Sydney University, National Institute of Health Research, University of Washington, Baylor College of Medicine, Capelle aan den Ijssel, Sanatorio Anchorena, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Leeds, Institute of Medical Sciences, UPMC Magee Womens Hospital, Penn Medicine Princeton Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Consensus, Delphi Technique, Standardization, Birth weight, Psychological intervention, Randomised controlled trials, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Outcome (game theory), 03 medical and health sciences, Hypertension in pregnancy, Outcome measure, 0302 clinical medicine, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Consensus development study, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Set (psychology), 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Eclampsia, business.industry, Pregnancy Outcome, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Core outcome set, Reference Standards, medicine.disease, Pre-eclampsia, Pregnancy Complications, Core (game theory), Treatment Outcome, Systematic review, Family medicine, 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Female, International Collaboration to Harmonise Outcomes for Pre-eclampsia (iHOPE), business
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:29:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-01 Medical Research Council Canada National Institute for Health Research Objectives: To develop consensus definitions for the core outcome set for pre-eclampsia. Study design: Potential definitions for individual core outcomes were identified across four formal definition development initiatives, nine national and international guidelines, 12 Cochrane systematic reviews, and 79 randomised trials. Eighty-six definitions were entered into the consensus development meeting. Ten healthcare professionals and three researchers, including six participants who had experience of conducting research in low- and middle-income countries, participated in the consensus development process. The final core outcome set was approved by an international steering group. Results: Consensus definitions were developed for all core outcomes. When considering stroke, pulmonary oedema, acute kidney injury, raised liver enzymes, low platelets, birth weight, and neonatal seizures, consensus definitions were developed specifically for low- and middle-income countries because of the limited availability of diagnostic interventions including computerised tomography, chest x-ray, laboratory tests, equipment, and electroencephalogram monitoring. Conclusions: Consensus on measurements for the pre-eclampsia core outcome set will help to ensure consistency across future randomised trials and systematic reviews. Such standardization should make research evidence more accessible and facilitate the translation of research into clinical practice. Video abstract can be available at: www.dropbox.com/s/ftrgvrfu0u9glqd/6.%20Standardising%20definitions%20in%20teh%20pre-eclampsia%20core%20outcome%20set%3A%20a%20consensus%20development%20study.mp4?dl=0. Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford Institute for Women’s Health University College London Department of Women and Children’s Health School of Life Course Sciences King’s College London Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Amsterdam UMC Academic Medical Center Academic Neonatal Medicine Imperial College London Department of Renal Medicine St George Hospital and University of New South Wales Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Health Services Research Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford Cedars-Sinai Medical Center London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust Women’s Health Care Research Group Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Adelaide Women’s Health Research Unit Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry School of Health and Related Research University of Sheffield MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research Department of Biostatistics University of Liverpool Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Babcock University Ailem Academic Counselling KU Leuven Universidad Nacional de Colombia Northwell Health University of Oxford Université de Montréal University of Montreal Hospital Centre Ondokuz Mayıs University Prince Sultan Military Medical City Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research King's Fertility Fetal Medicine Research Institute University Hospital Limerick Drexel University University of Aberdeen University of Groningen University of Auckland Haaglanden Medisch Centrum Nottingham University Medical School Utrecht University King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust Jean-Verdier Hospital Downland Practice University of Campinas Université Lyon University of North Carolina School of Medicine South Ural State Medical University Stellenbosch University Irish Neonatal Health Alliance University of Rzeszow Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust University Hospitals of Leicester North Bristol NHS Trust University of Nottingham Soroka University Medical Center Ben Gurion University of the Negev St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Hospitalsenhed Midt University of Glasgow Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna Luton and Dunstable University Hospital Khyber Medical University Institution of Medical Sciences Midwife Mid Essex Hospitals NHS Trust University of Oulu University of Michigan Bastyr University Irish Nurses and Midwives Organisation University of Toronto Barts Health NHS Trust University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust Burnet Institute Aga Khan University Medical University of Graz Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Mount Royal University Université de Paris Royal Surrey County Hospital University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust University of Washington School of Nursing Evelina London Children's Hospital Neonatal Unit University of Sydney University of Leicester Academic Hospital of Udine NHS Borders Weill Cornell Medical College University of Dundee University of Edinburgh South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute University of Sheffield Monash University and Monash Health United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust University of Kwa Zulu-Natal Beatrix Hospital Keele University Government Medical College Institut Catala de la Salut. IdiapJgol University College London National Center for Child Health and Development Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute Axon Anaesthesia Associates Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust St George's University of London Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Jichi Medical University School of Medicine São Paulo State University National Institute of Public Health University of Kyrenia King Edward Memorial Hospital Amsterdam University Centres University of British Columbia Chulalongkorn University University of Brescia University Of British Columbia University of Montreal Women's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital Universidade Federal de São Paulo Université de Sherbrooke University Hospital of Wales University of Iowa King's College London Westmead Hospital Princess Royal Maternity Leipzig University Centre Hospitalier Public du Cotentin Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine Western Sydney University National Institute of Health Research University of Washington Baylor College of Medicine Capelle aan den Ijssel Sanatorio Anchorena Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust University of Leeds Institute of Medical Sciences UPMC Magee Womens Hospital Penn Medicine Princeton Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill São Paulo State University
Published: 2020
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8. WHO Statement on Caesarean Section Rates

Author: Betran, A P, Torloni, M R, Zhang, J J, Gülmezoglu, A M, Aleem, H A, Althabe, F, Bergholt, T, de Bernis, L, Carroli, G, Deneux-Tharaux, C, Devlieger, R, Debonnet, S, Duan, T, Hanson, C, Hofmeyr, J, Pérez, Gonzalez R, de Jonge, A, Khan, K, Lansky, S, Lazdane, G, Lumbiganon, P, Mackeen, D, Mahaini, R, Manyame, S, Mathai, M, Mikolajczyk, R, Mori, R, De Mucio, B, Oladapo, O T, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Ouedraogo, L, Parker, C, Robson, M, Serruya, S, Souza, J P, Spong, C Y, Stanton, C, Stanton, M E, Sullivan, E A, Temmerman, M, Tita, A, Tunçalp, Ö, Velebil, P, Vogel, J P, Weber, M, Wojdyla, D, Ye, J, Yunis, K, Zamora, J, and Zongo, A
Published: 2016
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9. A global reference for caesarean section rates (C-Model): a multicountry cross-sectional study

Author: Souza, J P, Betran, A P, Dumont, A, de Mucio, B, Gibbs Pickens, C M, Deneux-Tharaux, C, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Sullivan, E, Ota, E, Togoobaatar, G, Carroli, G, Knight, H, Zhang, J, Cecatti, J G, Vogel, J P, Jayaratne, K, Leal, M C, Gissler, M, Morisaki, N, Lack, N, Oladapo, O T, Tunçalp, Ö, Lumbiganon, P, Mori, R, Quintana, S, Costa Passos, A D, Marcolin, A C, Zongo, A, Blondel, B, Hernández, B, Hogue, C J, Prunet, C, Landman, C, Ochir, C, Cuesta, C, Pileggi-Castro, C, Walker, D, Alves, D, Abalos, E, Moises, E CD, Vieira, E M, Duarte, G, Perdona, G, Gurol-Urganci, I, Takahiko, K, Moscovici, L, Campodonico, L, Oliveira-Ciabati, L, Laopaiboon, M, Danansuriya, M, Nakamura-Pereira, M, Costa, M L, Torloni, M R, Kramer, M R, Borges, P, Olkhanud, P B, Pérez-Cuevas, R, Agampodi, S B, Mittal, S, Serruya, S, Bataglia, V, Li, Z, Temmerman, M, and Gülmezoglu, A M
Published: 2016
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10. Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries

Author: Kinyoki D, Osgood-Zimmerman A, Pickering B, Schaeffer L, Marczak L, Lazzar-Atwood A, Collison M, Henry N, Abebe Z, Adamu A, Adekanmbi V, Ahmadi K, Ajumobi O, Al-Eyadhy A, Al-Raddadi R, Alahdab F, Alijanzadeh M, Alipour V, Altirkawi K, Amini S, Andrei C, Antonio C, Arabloo J, Aremu O, Asadi-Aliabadi M, Atique S, Ausloos M, Avila M, Awasthi A, Quintanilla B, Azari S, Badawi A, Barnighausen T, Bassat Q, Baye K, Bedi N, Bekele B, Bell M, Bhattacharjee N, Bhattacharyya K, Bhattarai S, Bhutta Z, Biadgo B, Bikbov B, Briko A, Britton G, Burstein R, Butt Z, Car J, Castaneda-Orjuela C, Castro F, Cerin E, Chipeta M, Chu D, Cork M, Cromwell E, Cuevas-Nasu L, Dandona L, Dandona R, Daoud F, Das Gupta R, Weaver N, De Leo D, De Neve J, Deribe K, Desalegn B, Deshpande A, Desta M, Diaz D, Dinberu M, Doku D, Dubey M, Duraes A, Dwyer-Lindgren L, Earl L, Effiong A, Zaki M, El Tantawi M, El-Khatib Z, Eshrati B, Fareed M, Faro A, Fereshtehnejad S, Filip I, Fischer F, Foigt N, Folayan M, Fukumoto T, Gebrehiwot T, Gezae K, Ghajar A, Gill P, Gona P, Gopalani S, Grada A, Guo Y, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hall J, Hamidi S, Henok A, Prado B, Herrero M, Herteliu C, Hoang C, Hole M, Hossain N, Hosseinzadeh M, Hu G, Islam S, Jakovljevic M, Jha R, Jonas J, Jozwiak J, Kahsay A, Kanchan T, Karami M, Kasaeian A, Khader Y, Khan E, Khater M, Kim Y, Kimokoti R, Kisa A, Kochhar S, Kosen S, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Defo B, Kumar G, Kumar M, Lad S, Lami F, Lee P, Levine A, Li S, Linn S, Lodha R, Abd El Razek H, Abd El Razek M, Majdan M, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta D, Mamun A, Mansournia M, Martins-Melo F, Masaka A, Massenburg B, Mayala B, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Melku M, Mendoza W, Mensah G, Miazgowski T, Miller T, Mini G, Mirrakhimov E, Moazen B, Darwesh A, Mohammed S, Mohebi F, Mokdad A, Moodley Y, Moradi G, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Morrison S, Mosser J, Mousavi S, Mueller U, Murray C, Mustafa G, Naderi M, Naghavi M, Najafi F, Nangia V, Ndwandwe D, Negoi I, Ngunjiri J, Nguyen H, Nguyen L, Nguyen S, Nie J, Nnaji C, Noubiap J, Shiadeh M, Nyasulu P, Ogbo F, Olagunju A, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Ortiz-Panozo E, Otstavnov S, Mahesh P, Pana A, Pandey A, Pati S, Patil S, Patton G, Perico N, Pigott D, Pirsaheb M, Piwoz E, Postma M, Pourshams A, Prakash S, Quintana H, Radfar A, Rafiei A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rai R, Rajati F, Rawaf D, Rawaf S, Rawat R, Remuzzi G, Renzaho A, Rios-Gonzalez C, Roever L, Ross J, Rostami A, Sadat N, Safari Y, Safdarian M, Sahebkar A, Salam N, Salamati P, Salimi Y, Salimzadeh H, Samy A, Sartorius B, Sathian B, Schipp M, Schwebel D, Senbeta A, Sepanlou S, Shaikh M, Levy T, Shamsi M, Sharafi K, Sharma R, Sheikh A, Shil A, Silva D, Singh J, Sinha D, Soofi M, Sudaryanto A, Sufiyan M, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Tadesse B, Temsah M, Terkawi A, Tessema Z, Thorne-Lyman A, Tovani-Palone M, Tran B, Tran K, Ullah I, Uthman O, Vaezghasemi M, Vaezi A, Valdez P, Vanderheide J, Veisani Y, Violante F, Vlassov V, Vu G, Vu L, Waheed Y, Walson J, Wang Y, Wangia E, Werdecker A, Xu G, Yamada T, Yisma E, Yonemoto N, Younis M, Yousefifard M, Yu C, Bin Zaman S, Zamani M, Zhang Y, Kassebaum N, Hay S, Local Burden Dis Child Growth Fail, Public Health, Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Kinyoki, Damaris K, Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron E, Pickering, Brandon V, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Yisma, Engida, Hay, Simon I, Local Burden of Disease Child Growth Failure Collaborators, Kinyoki D.K., Osgood-Zimmerman A.E., Pickering B.V., Schaeffer L.E., Marczak L.B., Lazzar-Atwood A., Collison M.L., Henry N.J., Abebe Z., Adamu A.A., Adekanmbi V., Ahmadi K., Ajumobi O., Al-Eyadhy A., Al-Raddadi R.M., Alahdab F., Alijanzadeh M., Alipour V., Altirkawi K., Amini S., Andrei C.L., Antonio C.A.T., Arabloo J., Aremu O., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Atique S., Ausloos M., Avila M., Awasthi A., Quintanilla B.P.A., Azari S., Badawi A., Barnighausen T.W., Bassat Q., Baye K., Bedi N., Bekele B.B., Bell M.L., Bhattacharjee N.V., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Biadgo B., Bikbov B., Briko A.N., Britton G., Burstein R., Butt Z.A., Car J., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Cerin E., Chipeta M.G., Chu D.-T., Cork M.A., Cromwell E.A., Cuevas-Nasu L., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daoud F., Gupta R.D., Weaver N.D., Leo D.D., Neve J.-W.D., Deribe K., Desalegn B.B., Deshpande A., Desta M., Diaz D., Dinberu M.T., Doku D.T., Dubey M., Duraes A.R., Dwyer-Lindgren L., Earl L., Effiong A., Zaki M.E.S., Tantawi M.E., El-Khatib Z., Eshrati B., Fareed M., Faro A., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Filip I., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Fukumoto T., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gezae K.E., Ghajar A., Gill P.S., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Grada A., Guo Y., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hall J.B., Hamidi S., Henok A., Prado B.H., Herrero M., Herteliu C., Hoang C.L., Hole M.K., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hu G., Islam S.M.S., Jakovljevic M., Jha R.P., Jonas J.B., Jozwiak J.J., Kahsay A., Kanchan T., Karami M., Kasaeian A., Khader Y.S., Khan E.A., Khater M.M., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kisa A., Kochhar S., Kosen S., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Defo B.K., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Lad S.D., Lami F.H., Lee P.H., Levine A.J., Li S., Linn S., Lodha R., El Razek H.M.A., Abd El Razek M.M., Majdan M., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., Massenburg B.B., Mayala B.K., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Melku M., Mendoza W., Mensah G.A., Miazgowski T., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirrakhimov E.M., Moazen B., Darwesh A.M., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Moodley Y., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moraga P., Morrison S.D., Mosser J.F., Mousavi S.M., Mueller U.O., Murray C.J.L., Mustafa G., Naderi M., Naghavi M., Najafi F., Nangia V., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen L.H., Nguyen S.H., Nie J., Nnaji C.A., Noubiap J.J., Shiadeh M.N., Nyasulu P.S., Ogbo F.A., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Ortiz-Panozo E., Otstavnov S.S., P. A M., Pana A., Pandey A., Pati S., Patil S.T., Patton G.C., Perico N., Pigott D.M., Pirsaheb M., Piwoz E.G., Postma M.J., Pourshams A., Prakash S., Quintana H., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rai R.K., Rajati F., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawat R., Remuzzi G., Renzaho A.M.N., Rios-Gonzalez C., Roever L., Ross J.M., Rostami A., Sadat N., Safari Y., Safdarian M., Sahebkar A., Salam N., Salamati P., Salimi Y., Salimzadeh H., Samy A.M., Sartorius B., Sathian B., Schipp M.F., Schwebel D.C., Senbeta A.M., Sepanlou S.G., Shaikh M.A., Levy T.S., Shamsi M., Sharafi K., Sharma R., Sheikh A., Shil A., Silva D.A.S., Singh J.A., Sinha D.N., Soofi M., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tadesse B.T., Temsah M.-H., Terkawi A.S., Tessema Z.T., Thorne-Lyman A.L., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Ullah I., Uthman O.A., Vaezghasemi M., Vaezi A., Valdez P.R., Vanderheide J., Veisani Y., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vu G.T., Vu L.G., Waheed Y., Walson J.L., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Wangia E.N., Werdecker A., Xu G., Yamada T., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefifard M., Yu C., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zhang Y., Kassebaum N.J., and Hay S.I.
Subjects: Time Factors, Developmental Disabilities, Psychological intervention, Distribution (economics), 0302 clinical medicine, risk factors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Signs and symptoms, Wasting, Children, Local Burden of Disease Child Growth Failure Collaborators, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, Under-five, 1. No poverty, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, A900 Others in Medicine and Dentistry, 3. Good health, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Geography, Child, Preschool, Science & Technology - Other Topics, HEALTH, Underweight, medicine.symptom, social sciences, Infants, AFRICA, medicine.medical_specialty, General Science & Technology, RJ, Developing country, Nutritional Status, World Health Organization, Child Nutrition Disorders, Article, Social sciences, Malnutrició, 03 medical and health sciences, AGE, Environmental health, medicine, Mortalitat, Humans, Mortality, Developing Countries, Science & Technology, business.industry, Public health, MORTALITY, Body Weight, Malnutrition, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Child growth failure, medicine.disease, signs and symptoms, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Risk factors, WEIGHT, business, RA, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Childhood malnutrition is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally1. Undernourished children are more likely to experience cognitive, physical, and metabolic developmental impairments that can lead to later cardiovascular disease, reduced intellectual ability and school attainment, and reduced economic productivity in adulthood2. Child growth failure (CGF), expressed as stunting, wasting, and underweight in children under five years of age (0–59 months), is a specific subset of undernutrition characterized by insufficient height or weight against age-specific growth reference standards3–5. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, or underweight in children under five is the proportion of children with a height-for-age, weight-for-height, or weight-for-age z-score, respectively, that is more than two standard deviations below the World Health Organization’s median growth reference standards for a healthy population6. Subnational estimates of CGF report substantial heterogeneity within countries, but are available primarily at the first administrative level (for example, states or provinces)7; the uneven geographical distribution of CGF has motivated further calls for assessments that can match the local scale of many public health programmes8. Building from our previous work mapping CGF in Africa9, here we provide the first, to our knowledge, mapped high-spatial-resolution estimates of CGF indicators from 2000 to 2017 across 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 99% of affected children live1, aggregated to policy-relevant first and second (for example, districts or counties) administrative-level units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period, many LMICs remain far from the ambitious World Health Organization Global Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large disparities in prevalence and progress exist across and within countries; our maps identify high-prevalence areas even within nations otherwise succeeding in reducing overall CGF prevalence. By highlighting where the highest-need populations reside, these geospatial estimates can support policy-makers in planning interventions that are adapted locally and in efficiently directing resources towards reducing CGF and its health implications., High-resolution subnational mapping of child growth failure indicators for 105 low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 shows that, despite considerable progress, substantial geographical inequalities still exist in some countries.
Published: 2020

11. Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018.

Author: Kinyoki D., Osgood-Zimmerman A.E., Bhattacharjee N.V., Schaeffer L.E., Lazzar-Atwood A., Lu D., Ewald S.B., Donkers K.M., Letourneau I.D., Collison M., Schipp M.F., Abajobir A., Abbasi S., Abbasi N., Abbasifard M., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abd-Elsalam S.M., Abdoli A., Abdollahpour I., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abraham B., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abualhasan A., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A.I., Accrombessi M.M.K., Adabi M., Adebayo O.M., Adegbosin A.E., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adeyinka D.A., Adham D., Advani S.M., Agasthi P., Aghaali M., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmadi S., Ahmed M.B., Aichour M.T.E., Aji B., Akinyemi O.O., Aklilu A., Akunna C.J., Al-Aly Z., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alemu B.W., Alemu A., Alhassan R.K., Alif S.M., Alipour V., Alizade H., Aljunid S.M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Al-Raddadi R.M., Alvis-Guzman N., Amini S., Amiri F., Amugsi D.A., Anber N.H., Ancuceanu R., Andrei T., Anegago M.T., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Anteneh Z.A., Antriyandarti E., Anvari D., Anwer R., Aqeel M., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Areri H.A., Artaman A., Arzani A., Asaad M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asadi-Pooya A.A., Asemahagn M.A., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Ashebir M.M., Ataro Z., Athari S.M., Athari S.S., Atout M.M.W., Ausloos M., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayano G., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Ayza M.A., Azadmehr A., B D., Babalola T.K., Badawi A., Badiye A.D., Bahrami M.A., Bairwa M., Bakkannavar S.M., Banik P.C., Baraki A.G., Barboza M.A., Basaleem H., Basu S., Bayati M., Baye B.A., Bazmandegan G., Bedi N., Bekuma T.T.T., Bell M.L., Bensenor I.M., Berhe K., Berhe A.K., Berhie K.A., Bhandari D., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Biondi A., Birhanu M., Biswas R.K., Bockarie M.J., Bohlouli S., Bohluli M., Boloor A., Borzouei S., Bragazzi N.L., Braithwaite D., Brunoni A.R., Burugina Nagaraja S., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F.L., Camera L.A., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Cevik M., Chanie W.F., Charan J., Chatterjee S., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Chen S., Chin K.L., Chowdhury M.A.K., Cook A.J., Costa V.M., Cromwell E.A., Dachew B.A., Dagne H., Dagnew B., Dahiru T., Dahlawi S.M.A., Dai H., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Daoud F., Das J.K., Das Gupta R., Dash A.P., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., Deeba F., De Neve J.-W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Desalew A., Dessie G.A., Dey S., Dhimal M., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Dipeolu I.O., Djalalinia S., Do H.T., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Duko B., Duraes A.R., Earl L., Edinur H.A., Efendi F., Elayedath R., Elema T.B., Elhabashy H.R., El-Jaafary S.I., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elsharkawy A., El-Sherbiny Y.M., El Tantawi M., Endalew D.A., Eshrati B., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Fadhil I., Faraon E.J.A., Fareed M., Faris P.S., Farwati M., Farzadfar F., Fasanmi A.O., Fattahi N., Fauk N.K., Feigin V.L., Feleke B.E., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Foigt N.A., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Franklin R.C., Freitas M., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Gaidhane A.M., Gayesa R.T., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebregiorgis B.G., Gebremariam H., Gebremariam T.B.B., Gebremeskel L., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebreslassie A.A., Geramo Y.C.D., Gesesew H.A., Gessner B.D., Getacher L., Ghadiri K., Ghaffarifar F., Ghafourifard M., Ghajarzadeh M., Ghamari F., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gilani S.A., Gill T.K., Godinho M.A., Gona P.N., Grada A., Gubari M.I.M., Gudi N., Guido D., Guled R.A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Handiso D.W., Hanif A., Hargono A., Hasaballah A.I., Hasan M.M., Hasan S.S., Hashemian M., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Hegazy M.I., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Heydarpour S., Hidru H.D., Hoang C.L., Holla R., Hon J., Hong S.H., Hoogar P., Hosseini S.N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Hotez P.J., Househ M., Huda T.M., Huluko D.H.H., Hussain S.A., Hwang B.-F., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Islam M.M., Islam S.M.S., Iwu C.J., Iwu C.C.D., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Jahani M.A., Jain V., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., Jalilian F., Janodia M.D., Javaheri T., Jha R.P., John O., Johnson K.B., Jonas J.B., Jonnagaddala J., Joseph N., Joshi A., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kahlon T., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamiab Z., Kanchan T., Kapil U., Kapoor N., Karami Matin B., Karimi S.E., Kasa A.S., Kasahun G.G., Kassa Z.Y., Kassa G.G., Kassahun G., Kayode G.A., Kazemi Karyani A., Keflie T.S., Keiyoro P.N., Kelkay B., Keramati M., Ketema D.B., Khalid N., Khammarnia M., Khan M.N., Khan M., Khan J., Khatab K., Khater A.M., Khater M.M., Khoja A.T., Khubchandani J., Kianipour N., Kim Y.-E., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kolola T., Koolivand A., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Kuate Defo B., Kugbey N., Kulkarni V., Kumar G.A., Kumar N., Kumar P., Kumar M., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., Lacey B., Lad D.P., Lal D.K., Lami F.H., Landires I., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Laurens M.B., La Vecchia C., Laxmaiah A., Lee P.H., Lee S.W.H., LeGrand K.E., Lewycka S., Li B., Li S., Liu X., Lopez J.C.F., Machado D.B., Madhava Kunjathur S., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahadeshwara Prasad D.R., Mahasha P.W., Maheri M., Mahotra N.B., Majeed A., Maled V., Maleki S., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Manzar M.D.D., Marrugo Arnedo C.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., Maulik P.K., Mayala B.K., Mehari M., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehrabi Nasab E., Mehri F., Mehta K.M., Meitei W.B., Mekonnen T., Meles G.G., Melku M., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha M.B., Mengesha E.W., Meretoja T.J., Mersha A.M., Metekiya W.M., Miazgowski T., Michalek I.M., Mini G.K., Mir S.A., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Misra S., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad Y., Mohammad D.K., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadi S.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed H.M., Mohammed A.S., Mohammed S., Mohammed J.A., Mohseni Bandpei M.A., Mokdad A.H., Molassiotis A., Monasta L., Moradi M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosapour A., Mouodi S., Mousavi S.M., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mulu G.B.B., Munir M., Muriithi M.K., Murthy G.V.S., Mustafa G., Nabhan A.F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Nagaraju S.P., Naghavi M., Naik G., Naimzada M.D., Nangia V., Nansseu J.R., Naqvi A.A., Nascimento B.R., Nayak S., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Netsere H.B., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen D.N., Nguyen H.L.T., Nigatu Y.T., Nikbakhsh R., Nikpoor A.R., Nnaji C.A., Nong V.M., Noubiap J.J., Nunez-Samudio V., Nwatah V.E., Nyanhanda T., Oancea B., Ogbo F.A., Oghenetega O.B., Oh I.-H., Okello D.M., Oladnabi M., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya J.O., Olusanya B.O., Bali A.O., Omer M.O., Omonisi A.E.E., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortiz A., Ortiz-Panozo E., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Owolabi M.O., Mahesh P.A., Padubidri J.R., Pakhare A.P., Pakshir K., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Pandi-Perumal S.R., Pangaribuan H.U., Pasupula D.K., Patel S.K., Patel U.K., Pathak A., Patton G.C., Toroudi H.P., Pereira J., Pescarini J.M., Pham H.Q., Pickering B.V., Pirouzpanah S., Pirsaheb M., Pokhrel K.N., Postma M.J., Pottoo F.H., Pourchamani H., Pourjafar H., Poustchi H., Prada S.I., Pribadi D.R.A., Syed Z.Q., Rabiee N., Rafiee A., Rahim F., Rahman M.H.U., Rahman M.A., Rahmani A.M., Rai R.K., Rajesh A., Ram P., Ramezanzadeh K., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S.J., Rao S., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawal L., Rawasia W.F., Rawassizadeh R., Regassa L.D., Reiner R.C., Reshmi B., Rezaei N., Rezahosseini O., Rezapour A., Riahi S.M., Ribeiro D., Ribeiro A.I., Rickard J., Roba H.S., Roever L., Ronfani L., Rostamian M., Rumisha S.F., Rwegerera G.M., Sabour S., Sadeghi E., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M.A., Sajadi S.M., Salam N., Salem M.R., Kafil H.S., Santos I.S., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Saraswathy S.Y.I., Sarrafzadegan N., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sathish T., Saxena D., Sbarra A.N., Schwebel D.C., Senbeta A.M., Sengupta D., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S.G., Seylani A., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shahabi S., Shahbaz M., Shahid I., Shaikh M.A., Shaka M.F., Shalash A.S., Shamali M., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsi M.B., Shamsizadeh M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sharifi A., Sheikh A., Sheikhtaheri A., Shetty R.S., Shetty B.S.K., Shetty A., Shiferaw W.S., Shigematsu M., Il Shin J., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shivarov V., Siabani S., Malleshappa S.K.S., Siddiqi T.J., Sidemo N.B., Singh B.B., Singh S., Sintayehu Y., Skryabin V.Y., Skryabina A.A., Sobhiyeh M.R., Soheili A., Soltani S., Sorrie M.B., Spurlock E.E., Sreeramareddy C.T., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Sultan I., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tadesse E.G., Taherkhani A., Tamir Z., Tamiru A.T., Tareque M.I., Tbakhi A., Teame H., Tefera Y.G., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekalegn Y., Tekle M.G., Teklehaimanot B.F., Temsah M.-H., Tesema G.A., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Tiki T., Tilahune A.B., Titova M.V., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran K.B., Tran B.X., Tripathi R., Tripathy J.P., Truong P.N., Uddin R., Ullah A., Umeokonkwo C.D., Uneke C.J., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Usman M.S., Vacante M., Vakilian A., Tahbaz S.V., Valdez P.R., Vasseghian Y., Verma M., Violante F.S., Vo B., Wado Y.D., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Wangdi K., Weldesamuel G.T., Werdecker A., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wiysonge C.S., Wonde T.E., Wu A.-M., Wu C., Xie Y., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S.H.Y., Yamada T., Yang M., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeheyis T.Y., Yeshaneh A., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y.G., Yilma M.T., Yip P., Young M.F., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yousof H.-A.S.A., Yousuf A.Y., Yu C., Yu Y., Zafar S., Zaidi S.S., Zaidi Z., Zakzuk J., Bin Zaman S., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandifar A., Zangeneh A., Zastrozhin M.S., Zastrozhina A., Zewdie D.T., Zewdie K.A., Zhang Y., Zhu C., Ziapour A., Kassebaum N.J., Hay S.I., Kinyoki D., Osgood-Zimmerman A.E., Bhattacharjee N.V., Schaeffer L.E., Lazzar-Atwood A., Lu D., Ewald S.B., Donkers K.M., Letourneau I.D., Collison M., Schipp M.F., Abajobir A., Abbasi S., Abbasi N., Abbasifard M., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abd-Elsalam S.M., Abdoli A., Abdollahpour I., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abraham B., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abualhasan A., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A.I., Accrombessi M.M.K., Adabi M., Adebayo O.M., Adegbosin A.E., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adeyinka D.A., Adham D., Advani S.M., Agasthi P., Aghaali M., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmadi S., Ahmed M.B., Aichour M.T.E., Aji B., Akinyemi O.O., Aklilu A., Akunna C.J., Al-Aly Z., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alemu B.W., Alemu A., Alhassan R.K., Alif S.M., Alipour V., Alizade H., Aljunid S.M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Al-Raddadi R.M., Alvis-Guzman N., Amini S., Amiri F., Amugsi D.A., Anber N.H., Ancuceanu R., Andrei T., Anegago M.T., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Anteneh Z.A., Antriyandarti E., Anvari D., Anwer R., Aqeel M., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Areri H.A., Artaman A., Arzani A., Asaad M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asadi-Pooya A.A., Asemahagn M.A., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Ashebir M.M., Ataro Z., Athari S.M., Athari S.S., Atout M.M.W., Ausloos M., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayano G., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Ayza M.A., Azadmehr A., B D., Babalola T.K., Badawi A., Badiye A.D., Bahrami M.A., Bairwa M., Bakkannavar S.M., Banik P.C., Baraki A.G., Barboza M.A., Basaleem H., Basu S., Bayati M., Baye B.A., Bazmandegan G., Bedi N., Bekuma T.T.T., Bell M.L., Bensenor I.M., Berhe K., Berhe A.K., Berhie K.A., Bhandari D., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Biondi A., Birhanu M., Biswas R.K., Bockarie M.J., Bohlouli S., Bohluli M., Boloor A., Borzouei S., Bragazzi N.L., Braithwaite D., Brunoni A.R., Burugina Nagaraja S., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F.L., Camera L.A., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Cevik M., Chanie W.F., Charan J., Chatterjee S., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Chen S., Chin K.L., Chowdhury M.A.K., Cook A.J., Costa V.M., Cromwell E.A., Dachew B.A., Dagne H., Dagnew B., Dahiru T., Dahlawi S.M.A., Dai H., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Daoud F., Das J.K., Das Gupta R., Dash A.P., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., Deeba F., De Neve J.-W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Desalew A., Dessie G.A., Dey S., Dhimal M., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Dipeolu I.O., Djalalinia S., Do H.T., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Duko B., Duraes A.R., Earl L., Edinur H.A., Efendi F., Elayedath R., Elema T.B., Elhabashy H.R., El-Jaafary S.I., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elsharkawy A., El-Sherbiny Y.M., El Tantawi M., Endalew D.A., Eshrati B., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Fadhil I., Faraon E.J.A., Fareed M., Faris P.S., Farwati M., Farzadfar F., Fasanmi A.O., Fattahi N., Fauk N.K., Feigin V.L., Feleke B.E., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Foigt N.A., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Franklin R.C., Freitas M., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Gaidhane A.M., Gayesa R.T., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebregiorgis B.G., Gebremariam H., Gebremariam T.B.B., Gebremeskel L., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebreslassie A.A., Geramo Y.C.D., Gesesew H.A., Gessner B.D., Getacher L., Ghadiri K., Ghaffarifar F., Ghafourifard M., Ghajarzadeh M., Ghamari F., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gilani S.A., Gill T.K., Godinho M.A., Gona P.N., Grada A., Gubari M.I.M., Gudi N., Guido D., Guled R.A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Handiso D.W., Hanif A., Hargono A., Hasaballah A.I., Hasan M.M., Hasan S.S., Hashemian M., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Hegazy M.I., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Heydarpour S., Hidru H.D., Hoang C.L., Holla R., Hon J., Hong S.H., Hoogar P., Hosseini S.N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Hotez P.J., Househ M., Huda T.M., Huluko D.H.H., Hussain S.A., Hwang B.-F., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Islam M.M., Islam S.M.S., Iwu C.J., Iwu C.C.D., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Jahani M.A., Jain V., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., Jalilian F., Janodia M.D., Javaheri T., Jha R.P., John O., Johnson K.B., Jonas J.B., Jonnagaddala J., Joseph N., Joshi A., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kahlon T., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamiab Z., Kanchan T., Kapil U., Kapoor N., Karami Matin B., Karimi S.E., Kasa A.S., Kasahun G.G., Kassa Z.Y., Kassa G.G., Kassahun G., Kayode G.A., Kazemi Karyani A., Keflie T.S., Keiyoro P.N., Kelkay B., Keramati M., Ketema D.B., Khalid N., Khammarnia M., Khan M.N., Khan M., Khan J., Khatab K., Khater A.M., Khater M.M., Khoja A.T., Khubchandani J., Kianipour N., Kim Y.-E., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kolola T., Koolivand A., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Kuate Defo B., Kugbey N., Kulkarni V., Kumar G.A., Kumar N., Kumar P., Kumar M., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., Lacey B., Lad D.P., Lal D.K., Lami F.H., Landires I., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Laurens M.B., La Vecchia C., Laxmaiah A., Lee P.H., Lee S.W.H., LeGrand K.E., Lewycka S., Li B., Li S., Liu X., Lopez J.C.F., Machado D.B., Madhava Kunjathur S., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahadeshwara Prasad D.R., Mahasha P.W., Maheri M., Mahotra N.B., Majeed A., Maled V., Maleki S., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Manzar M.D.D., Marrugo Arnedo C.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., Maulik P.K., Mayala B.K., Mehari M., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehrabi Nasab E., Mehri F., Mehta K.M., Meitei W.B., Mekonnen T., Meles G.G., Melku M., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha M.B., Mengesha E.W., Meretoja T.J., Mersha A.M., Metekiya W.M., Miazgowski T., Michalek I.M., Mini G.K., Mir S.A., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Misra S., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad Y., Mohammad D.K., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadi S.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed H.M., Mohammed A.S., Mohammed S., Mohammed J.A., Mohseni Bandpei M.A., Mokdad A.H., Molassiotis A., Monasta L., Moradi M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosapour A., Mouodi S., Mousavi S.M., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mulu G.B.B., Munir M., Muriithi M.K., Murthy G.V.S., Mustafa G., Nabhan A.F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Nagaraju S.P., Naghavi M., Naik G., Naimzada M.D., Nangia V., Nansseu J.R., Naqvi A.A., Nascimento B.R., Nayak S., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Netsere H.B., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen D.N., Nguyen H.L.T., Nigatu Y.T., Nikbakhsh R., Nikpoor A.R., Nnaji C.A., Nong V.M., Noubiap J.J., Nunez-Samudio V., Nwatah V.E., Nyanhanda T., Oancea B., Ogbo F.A., Oghenetega O.B., Oh I.-H., Okello D.M., Oladnabi M., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya J.O., Olusanya B.O., Bali A.O., Omer M.O., Omonisi A.E.E., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortiz A., Ortiz-Panozo E., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Owolabi M.O., Mahesh P.A., Padubidri J.R., Pakhare A.P., Pakshir K., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Pandi-Perumal S.R., Pangaribuan H.U., Pasupula D.K., Patel S.K., Patel U.K., Pathak A., Patton G.C., Toroudi H.P., Pereira J., Pescarini J.M., Pham H.Q., Pickering B.V., Pirouzpanah S., Pirsaheb M., Pokhrel K.N., Postma M.J., Pottoo F.H., Pourchamani H., Pourjafar H., Poustchi H., Prada S.I., Pribadi D.R.A., Syed Z.Q., Rabiee N., Rafiee A., Rahim F., Rahman M.H.U., Rahman M.A., Rahmani A.M., Rai R.K., Rajesh A., Ram P., Ramezanzadeh K., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S.J., Rao S., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawal L., Rawasia W.F., Rawassizadeh R., Regassa L.D., Reiner R.C., Reshmi B., Rezaei N., Rezahosseini O., Rezapour A., Riahi S.M., Ribeiro D., Ribeiro A.I., Rickard J., Roba H.S., Roever L., Ronfani L., Rostamian M., Rumisha S.F., Rwegerera G.M., Sabour S., Sadeghi E., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M.A., Sajadi S.M., Salam N., Salem M.R., Kafil H.S., Santos I.S., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Saraswathy S.Y.I., Sarrafzadegan N., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sathish T., Saxena D., Sbarra A.N., Schwebel D.C., Senbeta A.M., Sengupta D., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S.G., Seylani A., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shahabi S., Shahbaz M., Shahid I., Shaikh M.A., Shaka M.F., Shalash A.S., Shamali M., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsi M.B., Shamsizadeh M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sharifi A., Sheikh A., Sheikhtaheri A., Shetty R.S., Shetty B.S.K., Shetty A., Shiferaw W.S., Shigematsu M., Il Shin J., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shivarov V., Siabani S., Malleshappa S.K.S., Siddiqi T.J., Sidemo N.B., Singh B.B., Singh S., Sintayehu Y., Skryabin V.Y., Skryabina A.A., Sobhiyeh M.R., Soheili A., Soltani S., Sorrie M.B., Spurlock E.E., Sreeramareddy C.T., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Sultan I., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tadesse E.G., Taherkhani A., Tamir Z., Tamiru A.T., Tareque M.I., Tbakhi A., Teame H., Tefera Y.G., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekalegn Y., Tekle M.G., Teklehaimanot B.F., Temsah M.-H., Tesema G.A., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Tiki T., Tilahune A.B., Titova M.V., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran K.B., Tran B.X., Tripathi R., Tripathy J.P., Truong P.N., Uddin R., Ullah A., Umeokonkwo C.D., Uneke C.J., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Usman M.S., Vacante M., Vakilian A., Tahbaz S.V., Valdez P.R., Vasseghian Y., Verma M., Violante F.S., Vo B., Wado Y.D., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Wangdi K., Weldesamuel G.T., Werdecker A., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wiysonge C.S., Wonde T.E., Wu A.-M., Wu C., Xie Y., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S.H.Y., Yamada T., Yang M., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeheyis T.Y., Yeshaneh A., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y.G., Yilma M.T., Yip P., Young M.F., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yousof H.-A.S.A., Yousuf A.Y., Yu C., Yu Y., Zafar S., Zaidi S.S., Zaidi Z., Zakzuk J., Bin Zaman S., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandifar A., Zangeneh A., Zastrozhin M.S., Zastrozhina A., Zewdie D.T., Zewdie K.A., Zhang Y., Zhu C., Ziapour A., Kassebaum N.J., and Hay S.I.
Abstract: Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000-2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15-49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization's Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.Copyright © 2021, The Author(s).
Published: 2021

12. A core outcome set for pre-eclampsia research: an international consensus development study.

Author: Ghosh S.K., Daly M.C., Darmochwal-Kolarz D.A., Davies R.E., Davies M.W., Dawson J.S., Dobson N., Dodd C.N., Donald F., Duley L., Epstein-Mares J., Erez O., Evans E., Farlie R.N., Ferris A.V., Frankland E.M., Freeman D.J., Gainder S., Ganzevoort W., Hamilton L.M., Hammond S.J., Harlow S.D., Hays K.E., Hickey S.C., Higgins M., Hinton L., Hobson S.R., Hogg M.J., Hollands H.J., EH C.S.E., Hoodbhoy Z., Howell P., Huppertz B., Husain S., Jacoby S.D., Jacqz-Aigrain E., Jenkins G., Jewel D., Johnson M.J., Johnston C.L., Jones P.M., Kantrowitz-Gordon I., Khan R.-U., Kirby L.J., Kirk C., Knight M., Korey M.T., Lee G.J., Lee V.W., Levene L.S., Londero A.P., Lust K.M., MacKenzie V., Malha L., Mattone M., McCartney D.E., McFadden A., McKinstry B.H., Middleton P.F., Mistry H.D., Mitchell C.A., Mockler J.C., Molsher S.-A., Monast E.S., Moodley E.J., Mooij R., Moore E.L., Morgan L., Moulson A., Mughal F., Mundle S.R., Munoz M.A., Murray E., Nagata C., Nair A.S., Nakimuli A., Nath G., Newport R.S., Oakeshott P., Ochoa-Ferraro M.R., Odendaal H., Ohkuchi A., Oliveira L., Ortiz-Panozo E., Oudijk M.A., Oygucu S.E., Paech M.J., Painter R.C., Parry C.L., Payne B.A., Pearson E.L., Phupong V., Pickett N., Pickles K.A., Plumb L.K., Prefumo F., Preston R., Ray J.G., Rayment J., Regan L.V., Rey E., Robson E.J., Rubin A.N., Rubio-Romero A.N., Rull K., Sass N., Sauve N., Savory N.A., Scott J.R., Seaton S.E., Seed P.T., Shakespeare J.M., Shand A.W., Sharma S., Shaw T.Y., Smedley K.L., Smith D., Conk A.S., Soward D., Stepan H., Stroumpoulis K., SurenDr A., Takeda S., Tan L., Theriot B.S., Thomas H.F., Thompson K., Thompson P.I., Thompson M.J., Toms L., Torney K.L.H.T., Treadwell J.S., Tucker K.L., Turrentine M.A., Van Hecke O., Van Oostwaard M.F., Vasquez D.N., AV D.J.A., VInturache A., Walker J., Wardle S.P., Wasim T., Waters J.H., Whitehead C.L., Wolfson A., Yeo S., Duffy J.M.N., Cairns A.E., Richards-Doran D., van 't Hooft J., Gale C., Brown M., Chappell L.C., Grobman W.A., Fitzpatrick R., Karumanchi S.A., Khalil A., Lucas D.N., Magee L.A., Mol B.W., Stark M., Thangaratinam S., Wilson M.J., von Dadelszen P., Williamson P.R., Ziebland S., McManus R.J., Abalos E.J., DA C.C.D., AkaDr A.A., Akturk Z., Allegaert K., Angel-Muller E., Antretter J., Ashdown H.F., Audibert F., Auger N., Aygun C., Babic I., Bagga R., Baker J.M., Bhakta P., Bhandari V., Bhattacharya S., Blanker M.H., Bloomfield F.H., Bof A., Brennan S.M., Broekhuijsen K., Pipkin E.F.B., Browne J.L., Browning R.M., Bull J.W., Butt A., Button D., Campbell J.P., Campbell D.M., Carbillon L., Carthy S., Casely E., Cave J.A., Cecatti J.G., Chamillard M.E., Chassard D., Checheir N.C., Chulkov V.S., Cluver C.A., Crawford C.F., Gbinigie O.A., Glogowska M., Goodlife A., Gough K.L., Green J.R., Gul F., Haggerty L., Hall D.R., Hallman M., Ghosh S.K., Daly M.C., Darmochwal-Kolarz D.A., Davies R.E., Davies M.W., Dawson J.S., Dobson N., Dodd C.N., Donald F., Duley L., Epstein-Mares J., Erez O., Evans E., Farlie R.N., Ferris A.V., Frankland E.M., Freeman D.J., Gainder S., Ganzevoort W., Hamilton L.M., Hammond S.J., Harlow S.D., Hays K.E., Hickey S.C., Higgins M., Hinton L., Hobson S.R., Hogg M.J., Hollands H.J., EH C.S.E., Hoodbhoy Z., Howell P., Huppertz B., Husain S., Jacoby S.D., Jacqz-Aigrain E., Jenkins G., Jewel D., Johnson M.J., Johnston C.L., Jones P.M., Kantrowitz-Gordon I., Khan R.-U., Kirby L.J., Kirk C., Knight M., Korey M.T., Lee G.J., Lee V.W., Levene L.S., Londero A.P., Lust K.M., MacKenzie V., Malha L., Mattone M., McCartney D.E., McFadden A., McKinstry B.H., Middleton P.F., Mistry H.D., Mitchell C.A., Mockler J.C., Molsher S.-A., Monast E.S., Moodley E.J., Mooij R., Moore E.L., Morgan L., Moulson A., Mughal F., Mundle S.R., Munoz M.A., Murray E., Nagata C., Nair A.S., Nakimuli A., Nath G., Newport R.S., Oakeshott P., Ochoa-Ferraro M.R., Odendaal H., Ohkuchi A., Oliveira L., Ortiz-Panozo E., Oudijk M.A., Oygucu S.E., Paech M.J., Painter R.C., Parry C.L., Payne B.A., Pearson E.L., Phupong V., Pickett N., Pickles K.A., Plumb L.K., Prefumo F., Preston R., Ray J.G., Rayment J., Regan L.V., Rey E., Robson E.J., Rubin A.N., Rubio-Romero A.N., Rull K., Sass N., Sauve N., Savory N.A., Scott J.R., Seaton S.E., Seed P.T., Shakespeare J.M., Shand A.W., Sharma S., Shaw T.Y., Smedley K.L., Smith D., Conk A.S., Soward D., Stepan H., Stroumpoulis K., SurenDr A., Takeda S., Tan L., Theriot B.S., Thomas H.F., Thompson K., Thompson P.I., Thompson M.J., Toms L., Torney K.L.H.T., Treadwell J.S., Tucker K.L., Turrentine M.A., Van Hecke O., Van Oostwaard M.F., Vasquez D.N., AV D.J.A., VInturache A., Walker J., Wardle S.P., Wasim T., Waters J.H., Whitehead C.L., Wolfson A., Yeo S., Duffy J.M.N., Cairns A.E., Richards-Doran D., van 't Hooft J., Gale C., Brown M., Chappell L.C., Grobman W.A., Fitzpatrick R., Karumanchi S.A., Khalil A., Lucas D.N., Magee L.A., Mol B.W., Stark M., Thangaratinam S., Wilson M.J., von Dadelszen P., Williamson P.R., Ziebland S., McManus R.J., Abalos E.J., DA C.C.D., AkaDr A.A., Akturk Z., Allegaert K., Angel-Muller E., Antretter J., Ashdown H.F., Audibert F., Auger N., Aygun C., Babic I., Bagga R., Baker J.M., Bhakta P., Bhandari V., Bhattacharya S., Blanker M.H., Bloomfield F.H., Bof A., Brennan S.M., Broekhuijsen K., Pipkin E.F.B., Browne J.L., Browning R.M., Bull J.W., Butt A., Button D., Campbell J.P., Campbell D.M., Carbillon L., Carthy S., Casely E., Cave J.A., Cecatti J.G., Chamillard M.E., Chassard D., Checheir N.C., Chulkov V.S., Cluver C.A., Crawford C.F., Gbinigie O.A., Glogowska M., Goodlife A., Gough K.L., Green J.R., Gul F., Haggerty L., Hall D.R., and Hallman M.
Abstract: Objective: To develop a core outcome set for pre-eclampsia. Design(s): Consensus development study. Setting(s): International. Population: Two hundred and eight-one healthcare professionals, 41 researchers and 110 patients, representing 56 countries, participated. Method(s): Modified Delphi method and Modified Nominal Group Technique. Result(s): A long-list of 116 potential core outcomes was developed by combining the outcomes reported in 79 pre-eclampsia trials with those derived from thematic analysis of 30 in-depth interviews of women with lived experience of pre-eclampsia. Forty-seven consensus outcomes were identified from the Delphi process following which 14 maternal and eight offspring core outcomes were agreed at the consensus development meeting. Maternal core outcomes: death, eclampsia, stroke, cortical blindness, retinal detachment, pulmonary oedema, acute kidney injury, liver haematoma or rupture, abruption, postpartum haemorrhage, raised liver enzymes, low platelets, admission to intensive care required, and intubation and ventilation. Offspring core outcomes: stillbirth, gestational age at delivery, birthweight, small-for-gestational-age, neonatal mortality, seizures, admission to neonatal unit required and respiratory support. Conclusion(s): The core outcome set for pre-eclampsia should underpin future randomised trials and systematic reviews. Such implementation should ensure that future research holds the necessary reach and relevance to inform clinical practice, enhance women's care and improve the outcomes of pregnant women and their babies. Tweetable abstract: 281 healthcare professionals, 41 researchers and 110 women have developed #preeclampsia core outcomes @HOPEoutcomes @jamesmnduffy. [Correction added on 29 June 2020, after first online publication: the order has been corrected.].Copyright © 2020 The Authors. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal College of Obstetr
Published: 2021

13. Do women prefer caesarean sections? A qualitative evidence synthesis of their views and experiences

Author: Ortiz-Panozo, E, Colomar, M, Opiyo, N, Kingdon, C, Long, Q, Nion, S, Bohren, MA, Betran, AP, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Colomar, M, Opiyo, N, Kingdon, C, Long, Q, Nion, S, Bohren, MA, and Betran, AP
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Caesarean sections (CS) continue to increase worldwide. Multiple and complex factors are contributing to the increase, including non-clinical factors related to individual women, families and their interactions with health providers. This global qualitative evidence synthesis explores women's preferences for mode of birth and factors underlying preferences for CS. METHODS: Systematic database searches (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO) were conducted in December 2016 and updated in May 2019 and February 2021. Studies conducted across all resource settings were eligible for inclusion, except those from China and Taiwan which have been reported in a companion publication. Phenomena of interest were opinions, views and perspectives of women regarding preferences for mode of birth, attributes of CS, societal and cultural beliefs about modes of birth, and right to choose mode of birth. Thematic synthesis of data was conducted. Confidence in findings was assessed using GRADE-CERQual. RESULTS: We included 52 studies, from 28 countries, encompassing the views and perspectives of pregnant women, non-pregnant women, women with previous CS, postpartum women, and women's partners. Most of the studies were conducted in high-income countries and published between 2011 and 2021. Factors underlying women preferences for CS had to do mainly with strong fear of pain and injuries to the mother and child during labour or birth (High confidence), uncertainty regarding vaginal birth (High confidence), and positive views or perceived advantages of CS (High confidence). Women who preferred CS expressed resoluteness about it, but there were also many women who had a clear preference for vaginal birth and those who even developed strategies to keep their birth plans in environments that were not supportive of vaginal births (High confidence). The findings also identified that social, cultural and personal factors as well as attributes related to health systems impact on the reas
Published: 2021

14. Mode and timing of twin delivery and perinatal outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a secondary analysis of the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health

Author: Ganchimeg, T, Morisaki, N, Vogel, J P, Cecatti, J G, Barrett, J, Jayaratne, K, Mittal, S, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Souza, J P, Crowther, C, Ota, E, and Mori, R
Published: 2014
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15. Maternal complications and perinatal mortality: findings of the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health

Author: Vogel, J P, Souza, J P, Mori, R, Morisaki, N, Lumbiganon, P, Laopaiboon, M, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Hernandez, B, Pérez-Cuevas, R, Roy, M, Mittal, S, Cecatti, J G, Tunçalp, Ö, and Gülmezoglu, A M
Published: 2014
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16. A core outcome set for pre‐eclampsia research : an international consensus development study

Author: Duffy, JMN, Cairns, AE, Richards‐Doran, D, van 't Hooft, J, Gale, C, Brown, M, Chappell, LC, Grobman, WA, Fitzpatrick, R, Karumanchi, SA, Khalil, A, Lucas, DN, Magee, LA, Mol, BW, Stark, M, Thangaratinam, S, Wilson, MJ, von Dadelszen, P, Williamson, PR, Ziebland, S, McManus, RJ, Abalos, EJ, Adamson, CCD, Akadri, AA, Akturk, Z, Allegaert, K, Angel‐Müller, E, Antretter, J, Audibert, F, Auger, N, Aygun, C, Babic, I, Bagga, R, Baker, JM, Bhandari, V, Bhattacharya, S, Blanker, MH, Bloomfield, FH, Bof, A, Brennan, SM, Broekhuijsen, K, Fiona Broughton Pipkin, E, Browne, JL, Browning, RM, Bull, JW, Butt, A, Button, D, Campbell, JP, Campbell, DM, Carbillon, L, Carthy, S, Casely, E, Cave, JA, Cecatti, JG, Chamillard, ME, Chassard, D, Checheir, NC, Chulkov, VS, Cluver, CA, Crawford, CF, Daly, MC, Darmochwal‐Kolarz, DA, Davies, RE, Davies, MW, Dawson, JS, Dobson, N, Dodd, CN, Donald, F, Duley, L, Epstein‐Mares, J, Erez, O, Evans, E, Farlie, RN, Ferris, AV, Frankland, EM, Freeman, DJ, Gainder, S, Ganzevoort, W, Gbinigie, OA, Ghosh, SK, Glogowska, M, Goodlife, A, Gough, KL, Green, JR, Gul, F, Haggerty, L, Hall, DR, Hallman, M, Hammond, SJ, Harlow, SD, Hays, KE, Hickey, SC, Higgins, M, Hinton, L, Hobson, SR, Hogg, MJ, Hollands, HJ, Homer, CSE, Hoodbhoy, Z, Howell, P, Huppertz, B, Husain, S, Jacoby, SD, Jacqz‐Aigrain, E, Jenkins, G, Jewel, D, Johnson, MJ, Johnston, CL, Jones, PM, Kantrowitz‐Gordon, I, Khan, R, Kirby, LJ, Kirk, C, Knight, M, Korey, MT, Lee, GJ, Lee, VW, Levene, LS, Londero, AP, Lust, KM, MacKenzie, V, Malha, L, Mattone, M, McCartney, DE, McFadden, A, McKinstry, BH, Middleton, PF, Mistry, HD, Mitchell, CA, Mockler, JC, Molsher, S, Monast, ES, Moodley, J, Mooij, R, Moore, EL, Morgan, L, Moulson, A, Mughal, F, Mundle, SR, Angel Munoz, M, Murray, E, Nagata, C, Nair, AS, Nakimuli, A, Nath, G, Newport, RS, Oakeshott, P, Ochoa‐Ferraro, MR, Odendaal, H, Ohkuchi, A, Oliveira, L, Ortiz‐Panozo, E, Oudijk, MA, Oygucu, SE, Paech, MJ, Painter, RC, Parry, CL, Payne, BA, Pearson, EL, Phupong, V, Pickett, N, Pickles, KA, Plumb, LK, Prefumo, F, Preston, R, Ray, JG, Rayment, J, Regan, LV, Rey, E, Robson, EJ, Rubin, AN, Rubio‐Romero, JA, Rull, K, Sass, N, Sauvé, N, Savory, NA, Scott, JR, Seaton, SE, Seed, PT, Shakespeare, JM, Shand, AW, Sharma, S, Shaw, TY, Smedley, KL, Smith, D, Smith Conk, A, Soward, D, Stepan, H, Stroumpoulis, K, Surendran, A, Takeda, S, Tan, L, Theriot, BS, Thomas, HF, Thompson, K, Thompson, PI, Thompson, MJ, Torney, KLHT, Treadwell, JS, Tucker, KL, Turrentine, MA, Van Hecke, O, Van Oostwaard, MF, Vasquez, DN, Vaughan, DJA, VInturache, A, Walker, J, Wardle, SP, Wasim, T, Waters, JH, Whitehead, CL, Wolfson, A, Yeo, S, and Zermansky, AG
Subjects: reproductive and urinary physiology
Abstract: Objective\ud To develop a core outcome set for pre‐eclampsia.\ud \ud Design\ud Consensus development study.\ud \ud Setting\ud International.\ud \ud Population\ud Two hundred and eight‐one healthcare professionals, 41 researchers and 110 patients, representing 56 countries, participated.\ud \ud Methods\ud Modified Delphi method and Modified Nominal Group Technique.\ud \ud Results\ud A long‐list of 116 potential core outcomes was developed by combining the outcomes reported in 79 pre‐eclampsia trials with those derived from thematic analysis of 30 in‐depth interviews of women with lived experience of pre‐eclampsia. Forty‐seven consensus outcomes were identified from the Delphi process following which 14 maternal and eight offspring core outcomes were agreed at the consensus development meeting. Maternal core outcomes: death, eclampsia, stroke, cortical blindness, retinal detachment, pulmonary oedema, acute kidney injury, liver haematoma or rupture, abruption, postpartum haemorrhage, raised liver enzymes, low platelets, admission to intensive care required, and intubation and ventilation. Offspring core outcomes: stillbirth, gestational age at delivery, birthweight, small‐for‐gestational‐age, neonatal mortality, seizures, admission to neonatal unit required and respiratory support.\ud \ud Conclusions\ud The core outcome set for pre‐eclampsia should underpin future randomised trials and systematic reviews. Such implementation should ensure that future research holds the necessary reach and relevance to inform clinical practice, enhance women's care and improve the outcomes of pregnant women and their babies.
Published: 2020

17. Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries.

Author: Faro A., Renzaho A.M.N., Rios-Gonzalez C., Roever L., Ross J.M., Rostami A., Sadat N., Safari Y., Safdarian M., Sahebkar A., Salam N., Salamati P., Salimi Y., Salimzadeh H., Samy A.M., Sartorius B., Sathian B., Schipp M.F., Schwebel D.C., Senbeta A.M., Sepanlou S.G., Shaikh M.A., Levy T.S., Shamsi M., Sharafi K., Sharma R., Sheikh A., Shil A., Silva D.A.S., Singh J.A., Sinha D.N., Soofi M., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tadesse B.T., Temsah M.-H., Terkawi A.S., Tessema Z.T., Thorne-Lyman A.L., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Ullah I., Uthman O.A., Vaezghasemi M., Vaezi A., Valdez P.R., Vanderheide J., Veisani Y., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vu G.T., Vu L.G., Waheed Y., Walson J.L., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Wangia E.N., Werdecker A., Xu G., Yamada T., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefifard M., Yu C., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zhang Y., Kassebaum N.J., Hay S.I., Hamidi S., Kinyoki D.K., Osgood-Zimmerman A.E., Pickering B.V., Schaeffer L.E., Marczak L.B., Lazzar-Atwood A., Collison M.L., Henry N.J., Abebe Z., Adamu A.A., Adekanmbi V., Ahmadi K., Ajumobi O., Al-Eyadhy A., Al-Raddadi R.M., Alahdab F., Alijanzadeh M., Alipour V., Altirkawi K., Amini S., Andrei C.L., Antonio C.A.T., Arabloo J., Aremu O., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Atique S., Ausloos M., Avila M., Awasthi A., Quintanilla B.P.A., Azari S., Badawi A., Barnighausen T.W., Bassat Q., Baye K., Bedi N., Bekele B.B., Bell M.L., Bhattacharjee N.V., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Biadgo B., Bikbov B., Briko A.N., Britton G., Burstein R., Butt Z.A., Car J., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Cerin E., Chipeta M.G., Chu D.-T., Cork M.A., Cromwell E.A., Cuevas-Nasu L., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daoud F., Gupta R.D., Weaver N.D., Leo D.D., Neve J.-W.D., Deribe K., Desalegn B.B., Deshpande A., Desta M., Diaz D., Dinberu M.T., Doku D.T., Dubey M., Duraes A.R., Dwyer-Lindgren L., Earl L., Effiong A., Zaki M.E.S., Tantawi M.E., El-Khatib Z., Eshrati B., Fareed M., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Filip I., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Fukumoto T., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gezae K.E., Ghajar A., Gill P.S., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Grada A., Guo Y., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hall J.B., Henok A., Prado B.H., Herrero M., Herteliu C., Hoang C.L., Hole M.K., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hu G., Islam S.M.S., Jakovljevic M., Jha R.P., Jonas J.B., Jozwiak J.J., Kahsay A., Kanchan T., Karami M., Kasaeian A., Khader Y.S., Khan E.A., Khater M.M., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kisa A., Kochhar S., Kosen S., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Defo B.K., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Lad S.D., Lami F.H., Lee P.H., Levine A.J., Li S., Linn S., Lodha R., El Razek H.M.A., Abd El Razek M.M., Majdan M., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., Massenburg B.B., Mayala B.K., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Melku M., Mendoza W., Mensah G.A., Miazgowski T., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirrakhimov E.M., Moazen B., Darwesh A.M., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Moodley Y., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moraga P., Morrison S.D., Mosser J.F., Mousavi S.M., Mueller U.O., Murray C.J.L., Mustafa G., Naderi M., Naghavi M., Najafi F., Nangia V., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen L.H., Nguyen S.H., Nie J., Nnaji C.A., Noubiap J.J., Shiadeh M.N., Nyasulu P.S., Ogbo F.A., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Ortiz-Panozo E., Otstavnov S.S., P. A M., Pana A., Pandey A., Pati S., Patil S.T., Patton G.C., Perico N., Pigott D.M., Pirsaheb M., Piwoz E.G., Postma M.J., Pourshams A., Prakash S., Quintana H., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rai R.K., Rajati F., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawat R., Remuzzi G., Faro A., Renzaho A.M.N., Rios-Gonzalez C., Roever L., Ross J.M., Rostami A., Sadat N., Safari Y., Safdarian M., Sahebkar A., Salam N., Salamati P., Salimi Y., Salimzadeh H., Samy A.M., Sartorius B., Sathian B., Schipp M.F., Schwebel D.C., Senbeta A.M., Sepanlou S.G., Shaikh M.A., Levy T.S., Shamsi M., Sharafi K., Sharma R., Sheikh A., Shil A., Silva D.A.S., Singh J.A., Sinha D.N., Soofi M., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tadesse B.T., Temsah M.-H., Terkawi A.S., Tessema Z.T., Thorne-Lyman A.L., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Ullah I., Uthman O.A., Vaezghasemi M., Vaezi A., Valdez P.R., Vanderheide J., Veisani Y., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vu G.T., Vu L.G., Waheed Y., Walson J.L., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Wangia E.N., Werdecker A., Xu G., Yamada T., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefifard M., Yu C., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zhang Y., Kassebaum N.J., Hay S.I., Hamidi S., Kinyoki D.K., Osgood-Zimmerman A.E., Pickering B.V., Schaeffer L.E., Marczak L.B., Lazzar-Atwood A., Collison M.L., Henry N.J., Abebe Z., Adamu A.A., Adekanmbi V., Ahmadi K., Ajumobi O., Al-Eyadhy A., Al-Raddadi R.M., Alahdab F., Alijanzadeh M., Alipour V., Altirkawi K., Amini S., Andrei C.L., Antonio C.A.T., Arabloo J., Aremu O., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Atique S., Ausloos M., Avila M., Awasthi A., Quintanilla B.P.A., Azari S., Badawi A., Barnighausen T.W., Bassat Q., Baye K., Bedi N., Bekele B.B., Bell M.L., Bhattacharjee N.V., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Biadgo B., Bikbov B., Briko A.N., Britton G., Burstein R., Butt Z.A., Car J., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Cerin E., Chipeta M.G., Chu D.-T., Cork M.A., Cromwell E.A., Cuevas-Nasu L., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daoud F., Gupta R.D., Weaver N.D., Leo D.D., Neve J.-W.D., Deribe K., Desalegn B.B., Deshpande A., Desta M., Diaz D., Dinberu M.T., Doku D.T., Dubey M., Duraes A.R., Dwyer-Lindgren L., Earl L., Effiong A., Zaki M.E.S., Tantawi M.E., El-Khatib Z., Eshrati B., Fareed M., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Filip I., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Fukumoto T., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gezae K.E., Ghajar A., Gill P.S., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Grada A., Guo Y., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hall J.B., Henok A., Prado B.H., Herrero M., Herteliu C., Hoang C.L., Hole M.K., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hu G., Islam S.M.S., Jakovljevic M., Jha R.P., Jonas J.B., Jozwiak J.J., Kahsay A., Kanchan T., Karami M., Kasaeian A., Khader Y.S., Khan E.A., Khater M.M., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kisa A., Kochhar S., Kosen S., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Defo B.K., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Lad S.D., Lami F.H., Lee P.H., Levine A.J., Li S., Linn S., Lodha R., El Razek H.M.A., Abd El Razek M.M., Majdan M., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., Massenburg B.B., Mayala B.K., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Melku M., Mendoza W., Mensah G.A., Miazgowski T., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirrakhimov E.M., Moazen B., Darwesh A.M., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Moodley Y., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moraga P., Morrison S.D., Mosser J.F., Mousavi S.M., Mueller U.O., Murray C.J.L., Mustafa G., Naderi M., Naghavi M., Najafi F., Nangia V., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen L.H., Nguyen S.H., Nie J., Nnaji C.A., Noubiap J.J., Shiadeh M.N., Nyasulu P.S., Ogbo F.A., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Ortiz-Panozo E., Otstavnov S.S., P. A M., Pana A., Pandey A., Pati S., Patil S.T., Patton G.C., Perico N., Pigott D.M., Pirsaheb M., Piwoz E.G., Postma M.J., Pourshams A., Prakash S., Quintana H., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rai R.K., Rajati F., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawat R., and Remuzzi G.
Abstract: Childhood malnutrition is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally1. Undernourished children are more likely to experience cognitive, physical, and metabolic developmental impairments that can lead to later cardiovascular disease, reduced intellectual ability and school attainment, and reduced economic productivity in adulthood2. Child growth failure (CGF), expressed as stunting, wasting, and underweight in children under five years of age (0-59 months), is a specific subset of undernutrition characterized by insufficient height or weight against age-specific growth reference standards3-5. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, or underweight in children under five is the proportion of children with a height-for-age, weight-for-height, or weight-for-age z-score, respectively, that is more than two standard deviations below the World Health Organization's median growth reference standards for a healthy population6. Subnational estimates of CGF report substantial heterogeneity within countries, but are available primarily at the first administrative level (for example, states or provinces)7; the uneven geographical distribution of CGF has motivated further calls for assessments that can match the local scale of many public health programmes8. Building from our previous work mapping CGF in Africa9, here we provide the first, to our knowledge, mapped high-spatial-resolution estimates of CGF indicators from 2000 to 2017 across 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 99% of affected children live1, aggregated to policy-relevant first and second (for example, districts or counties) administrative-level units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period, many LMICs remain far from the ambitious World Health Organization Global Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large disparities in prevalence and progress exist across and within countries; our maps identify high-prevalence areas e
Published: 2020

18. Standardising definitions for the pre-eclampsia core outcome set: A consensus development study.

Author: Donald F., Morgan L., Moulson A., Mughal F., Mundle S.R., Munoz M.A., Murray E., Nagata C., Nair A.S., Nakimuli A., Nath G., Newport R.S., Oakeshott P., Ochoa-Ferraro M.R., Odendaal H., Ohkuchi A., Oliveira L., Ortiz-Panozo E., Oudijk M.A., Oygucu S.E., Paech M.J., Painter R.C., Parry C.L., Payne B.A., Pearson E.L., Phupong V., Pickett N., Pickles K.A., Plumb L.K., Prefumo F., Preston R., Ray J.G., Rayment J., Regan L.V., Rey E., Robson E.J., Rubin A.N., Rubio-Romero J.A., Rull K., Sass N., Sauve N., Savory N.A., Scott J.R., Seaton S.E., Seed P.T., Shakespeare J.M., Shand A.W., Sharma S., Shaw T.Y., Smedley K.L., Smith D., Smith Conk A., Soward D., Stepan H., Stroumpoulis K., Surendran A., Takeda S., Tan L., Theriot B.S., Thomas H.F., Thompson K., Thompson P.I., Thompson M.J., Toms L., Torney K.L.H.T., Treadwell J.S., Tucker K.L., Turrentine M.A., Van Hecke O., Van Oostwaard M.F., Vasquez D.N., Vaughan D.J.A., Vinturache A., Walker J., Wardle S.P., Wasim T., Waters J.H., Whitehead C.L., Wolfson A., Yeo S., Zermansky A.G., Mol B., Duffy J.M.N., Cairns A.E., Magee L.A., von Dadelszen P., van 't Hooft J., Gale C., Brown M., Chappell L.C., Grobman W.A., Fitzpatrick R., Karumanchi S.A., Lucas D.N., Stark M., Thangaratinam S., Wilson M.J., Williamson P.R., Ziebland S., McManus R.J., Abalos E.J., Adamson C.C.D., Akadri A.A., Akturk Z., Allegaert K., Angel-Muller E., Antretter J., Ashdown H.F., Audibert F., Auger N., Aygun C., Babic I., Bagga R., Baker J.M., Beebeejaun Y., Bhakta P., Bhandari V., Bhattacharya S., Blanker M.H., Bloomfield F.H., Bof A., Brennan S.M., Broekhuijsen K., Broughton Pipkin F., Browne J.L., Browning R.M., Bull J.W., Butt A., Button D., Campbell J.P., Campbell D.M., Carbillon L., Carthy S., Casely E., Cave J.A., Cecatti J.G., Chamillard M.E., Chassard D., Checheir N.C., Chulkov V.S., Cluver C.A., Crawford C.F., Daly M.C., Darmochwal-Kolarz D.A., Davies R.E., Davies M.W., Dawson J.S., Dobson N., Dodd C.N., Duley L., Epstein-Mares J., Erez O., Evans E., Farlie R.N., Ferris A.V., Frankland E.M., Freeman D.J., Gainder S., Ganzevoort W., Gbinigie O.A., Gerval M.-O., Ghosh S.K., Gingel L.J., Glogowska M., Goodlife A., Gough K.L., Green J.R., Gul F., Haggerty L., Hall D.R., Hallman M., Hamilton L.M., Hammond S.J., Harlow S.D., Hays K.E., Hickey S.C., Higgins M., Hinton L., Hobson S.R., Hogg M.J., Hollands H.J., Homer C.S.E., Hoodbhoy Z., Howell P., Huppertz B., Husain S., Jacoby S.D., Jacqz-Aigrain E., Jenkins G., Jewel D., Johnson M.J., Johnston C.L., Jones P.M., Kantrowitz-Gordon I., Khan R.-U., Kirby L.J., Kirk C., Knight M., Korey M.T., Lee G.J., Lee V.W., Levene L.S., Londero A.P., Lust K.M., MacKenzie V., Malha L., Mattone M., McCartney D.E., McFadden A., McKinstry B.H., Middleton P.F., Mills D.J., Mistry H.D., Mitchell C.A., Mockler J.C., Molsher S.-A., Monast E.S., Moodley J., Mooij R., Moore E.L., Donald F., Morgan L., Moulson A., Mughal F., Mundle S.R., Munoz M.A., Murray E., Nagata C., Nair A.S., Nakimuli A., Nath G., Newport R.S., Oakeshott P., Ochoa-Ferraro M.R., Odendaal H., Ohkuchi A., Oliveira L., Ortiz-Panozo E., Oudijk M.A., Oygucu S.E., Paech M.J., Painter R.C., Parry C.L., Payne B.A., Pearson E.L., Phupong V., Pickett N., Pickles K.A., Plumb L.K., Prefumo F., Preston R., Ray J.G., Rayment J., Regan L.V., Rey E., Robson E.J., Rubin A.N., Rubio-Romero J.A., Rull K., Sass N., Sauve N., Savory N.A., Scott J.R., Seaton S.E., Seed P.T., Shakespeare J.M., Shand A.W., Sharma S., Shaw T.Y., Smedley K.L., Smith D., Smith Conk A., Soward D., Stepan H., Stroumpoulis K., Surendran A., Takeda S., Tan L., Theriot B.S., Thomas H.F., Thompson K., Thompson P.I., Thompson M.J., Toms L., Torney K.L.H.T., Treadwell J.S., Tucker K.L., Turrentine M.A., Van Hecke O., Van Oostwaard M.F., Vasquez D.N., Vaughan D.J.A., Vinturache A., Walker J., Wardle S.P., Wasim T., Waters J.H., Whitehead C.L., Wolfson A., Yeo S., Zermansky A.G., Mol B., Duffy J.M.N., Cairns A.E., Magee L.A., von Dadelszen P., van 't Hooft J., Gale C., Brown M., Chappell L.C., Grobman W.A., Fitzpatrick R., Karumanchi S.A., Lucas D.N., Stark M., Thangaratinam S., Wilson M.J., Williamson P.R., Ziebland S., McManus R.J., Abalos E.J., Adamson C.C.D., Akadri A.A., Akturk Z., Allegaert K., Angel-Muller E., Antretter J., Ashdown H.F., Audibert F., Auger N., Aygun C., Babic I., Bagga R., Baker J.M., Beebeejaun Y., Bhakta P., Bhandari V., Bhattacharya S., Blanker M.H., Bloomfield F.H., Bof A., Brennan S.M., Broekhuijsen K., Broughton Pipkin F., Browne J.L., Browning R.M., Bull J.W., Butt A., Button D., Campbell J.P., Campbell D.M., Carbillon L., Carthy S., Casely E., Cave J.A., Cecatti J.G., Chamillard M.E., Chassard D., Checheir N.C., Chulkov V.S., Cluver C.A., Crawford C.F., Daly M.C., Darmochwal-Kolarz D.A., Davies R.E., Davies M.W., Dawson J.S., Dobson N., Dodd C.N., Duley L., Epstein-Mares J., Erez O., Evans E., Farlie R.N., Ferris A.V., Frankland E.M., Freeman D.J., Gainder S., Ganzevoort W., Gbinigie O.A., Gerval M.-O., Ghosh S.K., Gingel L.J., Glogowska M., Goodlife A., Gough K.L., Green J.R., Gul F., Haggerty L., Hall D.R., Hallman M., Hamilton L.M., Hammond S.J., Harlow S.D., Hays K.E., Hickey S.C., Higgins M., Hinton L., Hobson S.R., Hogg M.J., Hollands H.J., Homer C.S.E., Hoodbhoy Z., Howell P., Huppertz B., Husain S., Jacoby S.D., Jacqz-Aigrain E., Jenkins G., Jewel D., Johnson M.J., Johnston C.L., Jones P.M., Kantrowitz-Gordon I., Khan R.-U., Kirby L.J., Kirk C., Knight M., Korey M.T., Lee G.J., Lee V.W., Levene L.S., Londero A.P., Lust K.M., MacKenzie V., Malha L., Mattone M., McCartney D.E., McFadden A., McKinstry B.H., Middleton P.F., Mills D.J., Mistry H.D., Mitchell C.A., Mockler J.C., Molsher S.-A., Monast E.S., Moodley J., Mooij R., and Moore E.L.
Abstract: Objectives: To develop consensus definitions for the core outcome set for pre-eclampsia. Study design: Potential definitions for individual core outcomes were identified across four formal definition development initiatives, nine national and international guidelines, 12 Cochrane systematic reviews, and 79 randomised trials. Eighty-six definitions were entered into the consensus development meeting. Ten healthcare professionals and three researchers, including six participants who had experience of conducting research in low- and middle-income countries, participated in the consensus development process. The final core outcome set was approved by an international steering group. Result(s): Consensus definitions were developed for all core outcomes. When considering stroke, pulmonary oedema, acute kidney injury, raised liver enzymes, low platelets, birth weight, and neonatal seizures, consensus definitions were developed specifically for low- and middle-income countries because of the limited availability of diagnostic interventions including computerised tomography, chest x-ray, laboratory tests, equipment, and electroencephalogram monitoring. Conclusion(s): Consensus on measurements for the pre-eclampsia core outcome set will help to ensure consistency across future randomised trials and systematic reviews. Such standardization should make research evidence more accessible and facilitate the translation of research into clinical practice. Video abstract can be available at: www.dropbox.com/s/ftrgvrfu0u9glqd/6.%20Standardising%20definitions%20in%20teh%20pre-eclampsia%20core%20outcome%20set%3A%20a%20consensus%20development%20study.mp4?dl=0.Copyright © 2020 International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy
Published: 2020

19. Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries

Author: Kinyoki, D.K. (Damaris K.), Osgood-Zimmerman, A.E. (Aaron E.), Pickering, B.V. (Brandon V.), Schaeffer, L.E. (Lauren E.), Marczak, L.B. (Laurie B.), Lazzar-Atwood, A. (Alice), Collison, M.L. (Michael L.), Henry, N.J. (Nathaniel J.), Abebe, Z. (Zegeye), Adamu, A.A. (Abdu A.), Adekanmbi, V. (Victor), Ahmadi, K. (Keivan), Ajumobi, O. (Olufemi), Al-Eyadhy, A. (Ayman), Al-Raddadi, R.M. (Rajaa M.), Alahdab, F. (Fares), Alijanzadeh, M. (Mehran), Alipour, V. (Vahid), Altirkawi, K. (Khalid), Amini, S. (Saeed), Andrei, C.L. (Catalina Liliana), Antonio, C.A.T. (Carl Abelardo T), Arabloo, J. (Jalal), Aremu, O. (Olatunde), Asadi-Aliabadi, M. (Mehran), Atique, S. (Suleman), Ausloos, M. (Marcel), Avila, M. (Marco), Awasthi, A. (Ashish), Quintanilla, B.P.A. (Beatriz Paulina Ayala), Azari, S. (Samad), Badawi, A. (Alaa), Bärnighausen, T. (Till), Bassat, Q. (Quique), Baye, K. (Kaleab), Bedi, N. (Neeraj), Bekele, B.B. (Bayu Begashaw), Bell, M.L. (Michelle L.), Bhattacharjee, N.V. (Natalia V.), Bhattacharyya, K. (Krittika), Bhattarai, S. (Suraj), Bhutta, Z.A. (Zulfiqar A), Biadgo, B. (Belete), Bikbov, B. (Boris), Briko, A.N. (Andrey Nikolaevich), Britton, G. (Gabrielle), Burstein, D. (David), Butt, Z.A. (Zahid A.), Car, J. (Josip), Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A. (Carlos A), Castro, F. (Franz), Cerin, E. (Ester), Chipeta, M.G. (Michael G.), Chu, D.-T. (Dinh-Toi), Cork, M.A. (Michael A.), Cromwell, E.A. (Elizabeth A.), Cuevas-Nasu, L. (Lucía), Dandona, L. (Lalit), Dandona, R. (Rakhi), Daoud, F. (Farah), Gupta, R.D. (Rajat Das), Weaver, N.D. (Nicole Davis), Leo, D.D. (Diego De), Neve, J.-W.D. (Jan-Walter De), Deribe, K. (Kebede), Desalegn, B.B. (Beruk Berhanu), Deshpande, A. (Aniruddha), Desta, M. (Melaku), Diaz, D. (Daniel), Dinberu, M.T. (Mesfin Tadese), Doku, D.T. (David Teye), Dubey, M. (Manisha), Durães, A.R. (Andre R.), Dwyer-Lindgren, L.A. (Laura), Earl, L. (Lucas), Effiong, A. (Andem), Zaki, M.E.S. (Maysaa El Sayed), Tantawi, M.E. (Maha El), El-Khatib, Z. (Ziad), Eshrati, B. (Babak), Fareed, M. (Mohammad), Faro, A. (Andre), Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. (Seyed-Mohammad), Filip, I. (Irina), Fischer, F. (Florian), Foigt, N.A. (Nataliya A.), Folayan, M.O. (Morenike Oluwatoyin), Fukumoto, T. (Takeshi), Gebrehiwot, T.T. (Tsegaye Tewelde), Gezae, K.E. (Kebede Embaye), Ghajar, A. (Alireza), Gill, P.S. (Paramjit Singh), Gona, P.N. (Philimon N.), Gopalani, S.V. (Sameer Vali), Grada, A. (Ayman), Guo, Y. (Yuming), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arvin), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arya), Hall, J.B. (Jason B.), Hamidi, S. (Samer), Henok, A. (Andualem), Prado, B.H. (Bernardo Hernández), Herrero, M. (Mario), Herteliu, C. (Claudiu), Hoang, C.L. (Chi Linh), Hole, M.K. (Michael K.), Hossain, N. (Naznin), Hosseinzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Hu, G. (Guoqing), Islam, S.M.S. (Sheikh Mohammed Shariful), Jakovljevic, M. (Mihajlo), Jha, R.P. (Ravi Prakash), Jonas, J.B. (Jost B.), Jozwiak, J.J. (Jacek Jerzy), Kahsay, A. (Amaha), Kanchan, T. (Tanuj), Karami, M. (Manoochehr), Kasaeian, A. (Amir), Khader, Y.S. (Yousef Saleh), Khan, E.A. (Ejaz Ahmad), Khater, M.M. (Mona M.), Kim, Y.J. (Yun Jin), Kimokoti, R.W. (Ruth W.), Kisa, A. (Adnan), Kochhar, S. (Sonali), Kosen, S. (Soewarta), Koyanagi, A. (Ai), Krishan, K. (Kewal), Defo, B.K. (Barthelemy Kuate), Kumar, G.A. (G. Anil), Kumar, M. (Manasi), Lad, S.D. (Sheetal D.), Lami, F.H. (Faris Hasan), Lee, P.H. (Paul H.), Levine, A.J. (Aubrey J.), Li, S. (Shanshan), Linn, S. (Shai), Lodha, R. (Rakesh), El Razek, H.M.A. (Hassan Magdy Abd), Abd El Razek, M.M. (Muhammed Magdy), Hosgood, H.D. (H Dean), Majeed, A. (Azeem), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Malta, D.C. (Deborah Carvalho), Mamun, A.A. (Abdullah A.), Mansournia, M.A. (Mohammad Ali), Martins-Melo, F.R. (Francisco Rogerlândio), Masaka, A. (Anthony), Massenburg, B.B. (Benjamin Ballard), Mayala, B.K. (Benjamin K.), Mejia-Rodriguez, F. (Fabiola), Melku, M. (Mulugeta), Mendoza, W. (Walter), Mensah, G.A. (George A.), Miazgowski, T. (T.), Miller, T.R. (Ted R.), Mini, G.K. (G. K.), Mirrakhimov, E.M. (Erkin M.), Moazen, B. (Babak), Darwesh, A.M. (Aso Mohammad), Mohammed, S. (Shafiu), Mohebi, F. (Farnam), Mokdad, A.H. (Ali H.), Moodley, Y. (Yoshan), Moradi, G. (Ghobad), Moradi-Lakeh, M. (Maziar), Moraga, P. (Paula), Morrison, S.D. (Shane Douglas), Mosser, J.F. (Jonathan F.), Mousavi, S.M. (Seyyed Meysam), Mueller, U.O. (Ulrich Otto), Murray, C.J.L. (Christopher J. L.), Mustafa, G. (Ghulam), Naderi, M. (Mehdi), Naghavi, M. (Morteza), Najafi, F. (Farid), Nangia, V. (Vinay), Ndwandwe, D.E. (Duduzile Edith), Negoi, I. (Ionut), Ngunjiri, J.W. (Josephine W.), Nguyen, H.L.T. (Huong Lan Thi), Nguyen, L.H. (Long Hoang), Nguyen, S.H. (Son Hoang), Nie, J. (Jing), Nnaji, C.A. (Chukwudi A.), Noubiap, J.J. (Jean Jacques), Shiadeh, M.N. (Malihe Nourollahpour), Nyasulu, P.S. (Peter S.), Ogbo, F.A. (Felix Akpojene), Olagunju, A.T. (Andrew T.), Olusanya, B.O. (Bolajoko O), Olusanya, J.O. (Jacob Olusegun), Ortiz-Panozo, E. (Eduardo), Otstavnov, S.S. (Stanislav S.), P. A, M. (Mahesh), Pana, A. (Adrian), Pandey, A. (Anamika), Pati, S. (Sanghamitra), Patil, S.T. (Snehal T.), Patton, G.C. (George C.), Perico, N. (Norberto), Pigott, D.M. (David M.), Pirsaheb, M. (Meghdad), Piwoz, E.G. (Ellen G.), Postma, M.J. (Maarten), Pourshams, A. (Akram), Prakash, S. (Swayam), Quintana, H. (Hedley), Radfar, A. (Amir), Rafiei, A. (Alireza), Rahimi-Movaghar, V. (Vafa), Rai, R.K. (Rajesh Kumar), Rajati, F. (Fatemeh), Rawaf, D.L. (David Laith), Rawaf, S. (Salman), Rawat, R. (Rahul), Remuzzi, G. (Giuseppe), Renzaho, A.M.N. (Andre M. N.), Rios-González, C. (Carlos), Roever, L. (Leonardo), Ross, J.M. (Jennifer M.), Rostami, A. (Ali), Sadat, N. (Nafis), Safari, Y. (Yahya), Safdarian, M. (Mahdi), Sahebkar, A. (Amirhossein), Salam, N. (Nasir), Salamati, P. (Payman), Salimi, Y. (Yahya), Salimzadeh, H. (Hamideh), Samy, A.M. (Abdallah M.), Sartorius, B. (Benn), Sathian, B. (Brijesh), Schipp, M.F. (Megan F.), Schwebel, D.C. (David C), Senbeta, A.M. (Anbissa Muleta), Sepanlou, S.G. (Sadaf G), Shaikh, M.A. (Masood Ali), Levy, T.S. (Teresa Shamah), Shamsi, M. (Mohammadbagher), Sharafi, K. (Kiomars), Sharma, R. (Rajesh), Sheikh, A. (Aziz), Shil, A. (Apurba), Silva, D.A.S. (Diego Augusto Santos), Singh, J.A. (Jasvinder A.), Sinha, D.N. (Dhirendra Narain), Soofi, M. (Moslem), Sudaryanto, A. (Agus), Sufiyan, M.B. (Muawiyyah Babale), Tabarés-Seisdedos, R. (Rafael), Tadesse, B.T. (Birkneh Tilahun), Temsah, M.-H. (Mohamad-Hani), Terkawi, A.S. (Abdullah Sulieman), Tessema, Z.T. (Zemenu Tadesse), Thorne-Lyman, A.L. (Andrew L.), Tovani-Palone, M.R. (Marcos Roberto), Tran, B.X. (Bach Xuan), Tran, K.B. (Khanh Bao), Ullah, I. (Irfan), Uthman, O.A. (Olalekan A.), Vaezghasemi, M. (Masoud), Vaezi, A. (Afsane), Valdez, P.R. (Pascual R.), Vanderheide, J. (John), Veisani, Y. (Yousef), Violante, F.S. (Francesco S), Vlassov, V. (Vasily), Vu, G.T. (Giang Thu), Vu, L.G. (Linh Gia), Waheed, Y. (Yasir), Walson, J.L. (Judd L.), Wang, Y. (Yafeng), Wang, Y.-P. (Yuan-Pang), Wangia, E.N. (Elizabeth N.), Werdecker, A. (Andrea), Xu, G. (Gelin), Yamada, T. (Tomohide), Yisma, E. (Engida), Yonemoto, N. (Naohiro), Younis, M.Z. (Mustafa Z.), Yousefifard, M. (Mahmoud), Yu, C. (Chuanhua), Zaman, S.B. (Sojib Bin), Zamani, M. (Mohammad), Zhang, Y. (Yunquan), Kassebaum, N.J. (Nicholas J.), Hay, S.I. (Simon), Kinyoki, D.K. (Damaris K.), Osgood-Zimmerman, A.E. (Aaron E.), Pickering, B.V. (Brandon V.), Schaeffer, L.E. (Lauren E.), Marczak, L.B. (Laurie B.), Lazzar-Atwood, A. (Alice), Collison, M.L. (Michael L.), Henry, N.J. (Nathaniel J.), Abebe, Z. (Zegeye), Adamu, A.A. (Abdu A.), Adekanmbi, V. (Victor), Ahmadi, K. (Keivan), Ajumobi, O. (Olufemi), Al-Eyadhy, A. (Ayman), Al-Raddadi, R.M. (Rajaa M.), Alahdab, F. (Fares), Alijanzadeh, M. (Mehran), Alipour, V. (Vahid), Altirkawi, K. (Khalid), Amini, S. (Saeed), Andrei, C.L. (Catalina Liliana), Antonio, C.A.T. (Carl Abelardo T), Arabloo, J. (Jalal), Aremu, O. (Olatunde), Asadi-Aliabadi, M. (Mehran), Atique, S. (Suleman), Ausloos, M. (Marcel), Avila, M. (Marco), Awasthi, A. (Ashish), Quintanilla, B.P.A. (Beatriz Paulina Ayala), Azari, S. (Samad), Badawi, A. (Alaa), Bärnighausen, T. (Till), Bassat, Q. (Quique), Baye, K. (Kaleab), Bedi, N. (Neeraj), Bekele, B.B. (Bayu Begashaw), Bell, M.L. (Michelle L.), Bhattacharjee, N.V. (Natalia V.), Bhattacharyya, K. (Krittika), Bhattarai, S. (Suraj), Bhutta, Z.A. (Zulfiqar A), Biadgo, B. (Belete), Bikbov, B. (Boris), Briko, A.N. (Andrey Nikolaevich), Britton, G. (Gabrielle), Burstein, D. (David), Butt, Z.A. (Zahid A.), Car, J. (Josip), Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A. (Carlos A), Castro, F. (Franz), Cerin, E. (Ester), Chipeta, M.G. (Michael G.), Chu, D.-T. (Dinh-Toi), Cork, M.A. (Michael A.), Cromwell, E.A. (Elizabeth A.), Cuevas-Nasu, L. (Lucía), Dandona, L. (Lalit), Dandona, R. (Rakhi), Daoud, F. (Farah), Gupta, R.D. (Rajat Das), Weaver, N.D. (Nicole Davis), Leo, D.D. (Diego De), Neve, J.-W.D. (Jan-Walter De), Deribe, K. (Kebede), Desalegn, B.B. (Beruk Berhanu), Deshpande, A. (Aniruddha), Desta, M. (Melaku), Diaz, D. (Daniel), Dinberu, M.T. (Mesfin Tadese), Doku, D.T. (David Teye), Dubey, M. (Manisha), Durães, A.R. (Andre R.), Dwyer-Lindgren, L.A. (Laura), Earl, L. (Lucas), Effiong, A. (Andem), Zaki, M.E.S. (Maysaa El Sayed), Tantawi, M.E. (Maha El), El-Khatib, Z. (Ziad), Eshrati, B. (Babak), Fareed, M. (Mohammad), Faro, A. (Andre), Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. (Seyed-Mohammad), Filip, I. (Irina), Fischer, F. (Florian), Foigt, N.A. (Nataliya A.), Folayan, M.O. (Morenike Oluwatoyin), Fukumoto, T. (Takeshi), Gebrehiwot, T.T. (Tsegaye Tewelde), Gezae, K.E. (Kebede Embaye), Ghajar, A. (Alireza), Gill, P.S. (Paramjit Singh), Gona, P.N. (Philimon N.), Gopalani, S.V. (Sameer Vali), Grada, A. (Ayman), Guo, Y. (Yuming), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arvin), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arya), Hall, J.B. (Jason B.), Hamidi, S. (Samer), Henok, A. (Andualem), Prado, B.H. (Bernardo Hernández), Herrero, M. (Mario), Herteliu, C. (Claudiu), Hoang, C.L. (Chi Linh), Hole, M.K. (Michael K.), Hossain, N. (Naznin), Hosseinzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Hu, G. (Guoqing), Islam, S.M.S. (Sheikh Mohammed Shariful), Jakovljevic, M. (Mihajlo), Jha, R.P. (Ravi Prakash), Jonas, J.B. (Jost B.), Jozwiak, J.J. (Jacek Jerzy), Kahsay, A. (Amaha), Kanchan, T. (Tanuj), Karami, M. (Manoochehr), Kasaeian, A. (Amir), Khader, Y.S. (Yousef Saleh), Khan, E.A. (Ejaz Ahmad), Khater, M.M. (Mona M.), Kim, Y.J. (Yun Jin), Kimokoti, R.W. (Ruth W.), Kisa, A. (Adnan), Kochhar, S. (Sonali), Kosen, S. (Soewarta), Koyanagi, A. (Ai), Krishan, K. (Kewal), Defo, B.K. (Barthelemy Kuate), Kumar, G.A. (G. Anil), Kumar, M. (Manasi), Lad, S.D. (Sheetal D.), Lami, F.H. (Faris Hasan), Lee, P.H. (Paul H.), Levine, A.J. (Aubrey J.), Li, S. (Shanshan), Linn, S. (Shai), Lodha, R. (Rakesh), El Razek, H.M.A. (Hassan Magdy Abd), Abd El Razek, M.M. (Muhammed Magdy), Hosgood, H.D. (H Dean), Majeed, A. (Azeem), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Malta, D.C. (Deborah Carvalho), Mamun, A.A. (Abdullah A.), Mansournia, M.A. (Mohammad Ali), Martins-Melo, F.R. (Francisco Rogerlândio), Masaka, A. (Anthony), Massenburg, B.B. (Benjamin Ballard), Mayala, B.K. (Benjamin K.), Mejia-Rodriguez, F. (Fabiola), Melku, M. (Mulugeta), Mendoza, W. (Walter), Mensah, G.A. (George A.), Miazgowski, T. (T.), Miller, T.R. (Ted R.), Mini, G.K. (G. K.), Mirrakhimov, E.M. (Erkin M.), Moazen, B. (Babak), Darwesh, A.M. (Aso Mohammad), Mohammed, S. (Shafiu), Mohebi, F. (Farnam), Mokdad, A.H. (Ali H.), Moodley, Y. (Yoshan), Moradi, G. (Ghobad), Moradi-Lakeh, M. (Maziar), Moraga, P. (Paula), Morrison, S.D. (Shane Douglas), Mosser, J.F. (Jonathan F.), Mousavi, S.M. (Seyyed Meysam), Mueller, U.O. (Ulrich Otto), Murray, C.J.L. (Christopher J. L.), Mustafa, G. (Ghulam), Naderi, M. (Mehdi), Naghavi, M. (Morteza), Najafi, F. (Farid), Nangia, V. (Vinay), Ndwandwe, D.E. (Duduzile Edith), Negoi, I. (Ionut), Ngunjiri, J.W. (Josephine W.), Nguyen, H.L.T. (Huong Lan Thi), Nguyen, L.H. (Long Hoang), Nguyen, S.H. (Son Hoang), Nie, J. (Jing), Nnaji, C.A. (Chukwudi A.), Noubiap, J.J. (Jean Jacques), Shiadeh, M.N. (Malihe Nourollahpour), Nyasulu, P.S. (Peter S.), Ogbo, F.A. (Felix Akpojene), Olagunju, A.T. (Andrew T.), Olusanya, B.O. (Bolajoko O), Olusanya, J.O. (Jacob Olusegun), Ortiz-Panozo, E. (Eduardo), Otstavnov, S.S. (Stanislav S.), P. A, M. (Mahesh), Pana, A. (Adrian), Pandey, A. (Anamika), Pati, S. (Sanghamitra), Patil, S.T. (Snehal T.), Patton, G.C. (George C.), Perico, N. (Norberto), Pigott, D.M. (David M.), Pirsaheb, M. (Meghdad), Piwoz, E.G. (Ellen G.), Postma, M.J. (Maarten), Pourshams, A. (Akram), Prakash, S. (Swayam), Quintana, H. (Hedley), Radfar, A. (Amir), Rafiei, A. (Alireza), Rahimi-Movaghar, V. (Vafa), Rai, R.K. (Rajesh Kumar), Rajati, F. (Fatemeh), Rawaf, D.L. (David Laith), Rawaf, S. (Salman), Rawat, R. (Rahul), Remuzzi, G. (Giuseppe), Renzaho, A.M.N. (Andre M. N.), Rios-González, C. (Carlos), Roever, L. (Leonardo), Ross, J.M. (Jennifer M.), Rostami, A. (Ali), Sadat, N. (Nafis), Safari, Y. (Yahya), Safdarian, M. (Mahdi), Sahebkar, A. (Amirhossein), Salam, N. (Nasir), Salamati, P. (Payman), Salimi, Y. (Yahya), Salimzadeh, H. (Hamideh), Samy, A.M. (Abdallah M.), Sartorius, B. (Benn), Sathian, B. (Brijesh), Schipp, M.F. (Megan F.), Schwebel, D.C. (David C), Senbeta, A.M. (Anbissa Muleta), Sepanlou, S.G. (Sadaf G), Shaikh, M.A. (Masood Ali), Levy, T.S. (Teresa Shamah), Shamsi, M. (Mohammadbagher), Sharafi, K. (Kiomars), Sharma, R. (Rajesh), Sheikh, A. (Aziz), Shil, A. (Apurba), Silva, D.A.S. (Diego Augusto Santos), Singh, J.A. (Jasvinder A.), Sinha, D.N. (Dhirendra Narain), Soofi, M. (Moslem), Sudaryanto, A. (Agus), Sufiyan, M.B. (Muawiyyah Babale), Tabarés-Seisdedos, R. (Rafael), Tadesse, B.T. (Birkneh Tilahun), Temsah, M.-H. (Mohamad-Hani), Terkawi, A.S. (Abdullah Sulieman), Tessema, Z.T. (Zemenu Tadesse), Thorne-Lyman, A.L. (Andrew L.), Tovani-Palone, M.R. (Marcos Roberto), Tran, B.X. (Bach Xuan), Tran, K.B. (Khanh Bao), Ullah, I. (Irfan), Uthman, O.A. (Olalekan A.), Vaezghasemi, M. (Masoud), Vaezi, A. (Afsane), Valdez, P.R. (Pascual R.), Vanderheide, J. (John), Veisani, Y. (Yousef), Violante, F.S. (Francesco S), Vlassov, V. (Vasily), Vu, G.T. (Giang Thu), Vu, L.G. (Linh Gia), Waheed, Y. (Yasir), Walson, J.L. (Judd L.), Wang, Y. (Yafeng), Wang, Y.-P. (Yuan-Pang), Wangia, E.N. (Elizabeth N.), Werdecker, A. (Andrea), Xu, G. (Gelin), Yamada, T. (Tomohide), Yisma, E. (Engida), Yonemoto, N. (Naohiro), Younis, M.Z. (Mustafa Z.), Yousefifard, M. (Mahmoud), Yu, C. (Chuanhua), Zaman, S.B. (Sojib Bin), Zamani, M. (Mohammad), Zhang, Y. (Yunquan), Kassebaum, N.J. (Nicholas J.), and Hay, S.I. (Simon)
Abstract: Childhood malnutrition is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally1. Undernourished children are more likely to experience cognitive, physical, and metabolic developmental impairments that can lead to later cardiovascular disease, reduced intellectual ability and school attainment, and reduced economic productivity in adulthood2. Child growth failure (CGF), expressed as stunting, wasting, and underweight in children under five years of age (0–59 months), is a specific subset of undernutrition characterized by insufficient height or weight against age-specific growth reference standards3–5. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, or underweight in children under five is the proportion of children with a height-for-age, weight-for-height, or weight-for-age z-score, respectively, that is more than two standard deviations below the World Health Organization’s median growth reference standards for a healthy population6. Subnational estimates of CGF report substantial heterogeneity within countries, but are available primarily at the first administrative level (for example, states or provinces)7; the uneven geographical distribution of CGF has motivated further calls for assessments that can match the local scale of many public health programmes8. Building from our previous work mapping CGF in Africa9, here we provide the first, to our knowledge, mapped high-spatial-resolution estimates of CGF indicators from 2000 to 2017 across 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 99% of affected children live1, aggregated to policy-relevant first and second (for example, districts or counties) administrative-level units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period, many LMICs remain far from the ambitious World Health Organization Global Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large disparities in prevalence and progress exist across and within countries; our maps identify high-prevalence areas e
Published: 2020
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20. Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries

Author: Kinyoki, DK, Osgood-Zimmerman, AE, Pickering, BV, Schaeffer, LE, Marczak, LB, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Collison, ML, Henry, NJ, Abebe, Z, Adamu, AA, Adekanmbi, V, Ahmadi, K, Ajumobi, O, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Raddadi, RM, Alahdab, F, Alijanzadeh, M, Alipour, V, Altirkawi, K, Amini, S, Andrei, CL, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Atique, S, Ausloos, M, Avila, M, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, BPA, Azari, S, Badawi, A, Barnighausen, TW, Bassat, Q, Baye, K, Bedi, N, Bekele, BB, Bell, ML, Bhattacharjee, NV, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, ZA, Biadgo, B, Bikbov, B, Briko, AN, Britton, G, Burstein, R, Butt, ZA, Car, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Castro, F, Cerin, E, Chipeta, MG, Chu, D-T, Cork, MA, Cromwell, EA, Cuevas-Nasu, L, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daoud, F, Das Gupta, R, Weaver, ND, De Leo, D, De Neve, J-W, Deribe, K, Desalegn, BB, Deshpande, A, Desta, M, Diaz, D, Dinberu, MT, Doku, DT, Dubey, M, Duraes, AR, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Earl, L, Effiong, A, Zaki, MES, El Tantawi, M, El-Khatib, Z, Eshrati, B, Fareed, M, Faro, A, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Fukumoto, T, Gebrehiwot, TT, Gezae, KE, Ghajar, A, Gill, PS, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Grada, A, Guo, Y, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hall, JB, Hamidi, S, Henok, A, Prado, BH, Herrero, M, Herteliu, C, Hoang, CL, Hole, MK, Hossain, N, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hu, G, Islam, SMS, Jakovljevic, M, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Jozwiak, JJ, Kahsay, A, Kanchan, T, Karami, M, Kasaeian, A, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khater, MM, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, A, Kochhar, S, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Defo, BK, Kumar, GA, Kumar, M, Lad, SD, Lami, FH, Lee, PH, Levine, AJ, Li, S, Linn, S, Lodha, R, Abd El Razek, HM, Abd El Razek, MM, Majdan, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Mansournia, MA, Martins-Melo, FR, Masaka, A, Massenburg, BB, Mayala, BK, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Melku, M, Mendoza, W, Mensah, GA, Miazgowski, T, Miller, TR, Mini, GK, Mirrakhimov, EM, Moazen, B, Darwesh, AM, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, AH, Moodley, Y, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morrison, SD, Mosser, JF, Mousavi, SM, Mueller, UO, Murray, CJL, Mustafa, G, Naderi, M, Naghavi, M, Najafi, F, Nangia, V, Ndwandwe, DE, Negoi, I, Ngunjiri, JW, Nguyen, HLT, Nguyen, LH, Nguyen, SH, Nie, J, Nnaji, CA, Noubiap, JJ, Shiadeh, MN, Nyasulu, PS, Ogbo, FA, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Otstavnov, SS, Mahesh, PA, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Pati, S, Patil, ST, Patton, GC, Perico, N, Pigott, DM, Pirsaheb, M, Piwoz, EG, Postma, MJ, Pourshams, A, Prakash, S, Quintana, H, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rai, RK, Rajati, F, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawat, R, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMN, Rios-Gonzalez, C, Roever, L, Ross, JM, Rostami, A, Sadat, N, Safari, Y, Safdarian, M, Sahebkar, A, Salam, N, Salamati, P, Salimi, Y, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sartorius, B, Sathian, B, Schipp, MF, Schwebel, DC, Senbeta, AM, Sepanlou, SG, Shaikh, MA, Levy, TS, Shamsi, M, Sharafi, K, Sharma, R, Sheikh, A, Shil, A, Silva, DAS, Singh, JA, Sinha, DN, Soofi, M, Sudaryanto, A, Sufiyan, MB, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tadesse, BT, Temsah, M-H, Terkawi, AS, Tessema, ZT, Thorne-Lyman, AL, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Tran, KB, Ullah, I, Uthman, OA, Vaezghasemi, M, Vaezi, A, Valdez, PR, Vanderheide, J, Veisani, Y, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vu, GT, Vu, LG, Waheed, Y, Walson, JL, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Wangia, EN, Werdecker, A, Xu, G, Yamada, T, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Yousefifard, M, Yu, C, Bin Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zhang, Y, Kassebaum, NJ, Hay, SI, Kinyoki, DK, Osgood-Zimmerman, AE, Pickering, BV, Schaeffer, LE, Marczak, LB, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Collison, ML, Henry, NJ, Abebe, Z, Adamu, AA, Adekanmbi, V, Ahmadi, K, Ajumobi, O, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Raddadi, RM, Alahdab, F, Alijanzadeh, M, Alipour, V, Altirkawi, K, Amini, S, Andrei, CL, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Atique, S, Ausloos, M, Avila, M, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, BPA, Azari, S, Badawi, A, Barnighausen, TW, Bassat, Q, Baye, K, Bedi, N, Bekele, BB, Bell, ML, Bhattacharjee, NV, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, ZA, Biadgo, B, Bikbov, B, Briko, AN, Britton, G, Burstein, R, Butt, ZA, Car, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Castro, F, Cerin, E, Chipeta, MG, Chu, D-T, Cork, MA, Cromwell, EA, Cuevas-Nasu, L, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daoud, F, Das Gupta, R, Weaver, ND, De Leo, D, De Neve, J-W, Deribe, K, Desalegn, BB, Deshpande, A, Desta, M, Diaz, D, Dinberu, MT, Doku, DT, Dubey, M, Duraes, AR, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Earl, L, Effiong, A, Zaki, MES, El Tantawi, M, El-Khatib, Z, Eshrati, B, Fareed, M, Faro, A, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Fukumoto, T, Gebrehiwot, TT, Gezae, KE, Ghajar, A, Gill, PS, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Grada, A, Guo, Y, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hall, JB, Hamidi, S, Henok, A, Prado, BH, Herrero, M, Herteliu, C, Hoang, CL, Hole, MK, Hossain, N, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hu, G, Islam, SMS, Jakovljevic, M, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Jozwiak, JJ, Kahsay, A, Kanchan, T, Karami, M, Kasaeian, A, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khater, MM, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, A, Kochhar, S, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Defo, BK, Kumar, GA, Kumar, M, Lad, SD, Lami, FH, Lee, PH, Levine, AJ, Li, S, Linn, S, Lodha, R, Abd El Razek, HM, Abd El Razek, MM, Majdan, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Mansournia, MA, Martins-Melo, FR, Masaka, A, Massenburg, BB, Mayala, BK, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Melku, M, Mendoza, W, Mensah, GA, Miazgowski, T, Miller, TR, Mini, GK, Mirrakhimov, EM, Moazen, B, Darwesh, AM, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, AH, Moodley, Y, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morrison, SD, Mosser, JF, Mousavi, SM, Mueller, UO, Murray, CJL, Mustafa, G, Naderi, M, Naghavi, M, Najafi, F, Nangia, V, Ndwandwe, DE, Negoi, I, Ngunjiri, JW, Nguyen, HLT, Nguyen, LH, Nguyen, SH, Nie, J, Nnaji, CA, Noubiap, JJ, Shiadeh, MN, Nyasulu, PS, Ogbo, FA, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Otstavnov, SS, Mahesh, PA, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Pati, S, Patil, ST, Patton, GC, Perico, N, Pigott, DM, Pirsaheb, M, Piwoz, EG, Postma, MJ, Pourshams, A, Prakash, S, Quintana, H, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rai, RK, Rajati, F, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawat, R, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMN, Rios-Gonzalez, C, Roever, L, Ross, JM, Rostami, A, Sadat, N, Safari, Y, Safdarian, M, Sahebkar, A, Salam, N, Salamati, P, Salimi, Y, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sartorius, B, Sathian, B, Schipp, MF, Schwebel, DC, Senbeta, AM, Sepanlou, SG, Shaikh, MA, Levy, TS, Shamsi, M, Sharafi, K, Sharma, R, Sheikh, A, Shil, A, Silva, DAS, Singh, JA, Sinha, DN, Soofi, M, Sudaryanto, A, Sufiyan, MB, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tadesse, BT, Temsah, M-H, Terkawi, AS, Tessema, ZT, Thorne-Lyman, AL, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Tran, KB, Ullah, I, Uthman, OA, Vaezghasemi, M, Vaezi, A, Valdez, PR, Vanderheide, J, Veisani, Y, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vu, GT, Vu, LG, Waheed, Y, Walson, JL, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Wangia, EN, Werdecker, A, Xu, G, Yamada, T, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Yousefifard, M, Yu, C, Bin Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zhang, Y, Kassebaum, NJ, and Hay, SI
Abstract: Childhood malnutrition is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally1. Undernourished children are more likely to experience cognitive, physical, and metabolic developmental impairments that can lead to later cardiovascular disease, reduced intellectual ability and school attainment, and reduced economic productivity in adulthood2. Child growth failure (CGF), expressed as stunting, wasting, and underweight in children under five years of age (0-59 months), is a specific subset of undernutrition characterized by insufficient height or weight against age-specific growth reference standards3-5. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, or underweight in children under five is the proportion of children with a height-for-age, weight-for-height, or weight-for-age z-score, respectively, that is more than two standard deviations below the World Health Organization's median growth reference standards for a healthy population6. Subnational estimates of CGF report substantial heterogeneity within countries, but are available primarily at the first administrative level (for example, states or provinces)7; the uneven geographical distribution of CGF has motivated further calls for assessments that can match the local scale of many public health programmes8. Building from our previous work mapping CGF in Africa9, here we provide the first, to our knowledge, mapped high-spatial-resolution estimates of CGF indicators from 2000 to 2017 across 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 99% of affected children live1, aggregated to policy-relevant first and second (for example, districts or counties) administrative-level units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period, many LMICs remain far from the ambitious World Health Organization Global Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large disparities in prevalence and progress exist across and within countries; our maps identify high-prevalence areas e
Published: 2020

21. Mapping disparities in education across low- and middle-income countries

Author: Graetz, N, Woyczynski, L, Wilson, KF, Hall, JB, Abate, KH, Abd-Allah, F, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Afshari, M, Ajumobi, O, Akinyemiju, T, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alcalde Rabanal, JE, Alijanzadeh, M, Alipour, V, Altirkawi, K, Amiresmaili, M, Anber, NH, Andrei, CL, Anjomshoa, M, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Aryal, KK, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Atique, S, Ausloos, M, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Azari, S, Badawi, A, Banoub, JAM, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnett, A, Bedi, N, Bennett, DA, Bhattacharjee, NV, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Britton, G, Burstein, R, Butt, ZA, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Castro, F, Cerin, E, Chang, J-C, Collison, ML, Cooper, C, Cork, MA, Daoud, F, Das Gupta, R, Weaver, ND, De Neve, J-W, Deribe, K, Desalegn, BB, Deshpande, A, Desta, M, Dhimal, M, Diaz, D, Dinberu, MT, Djalalinia, S, Dubey, M, Dubljanin, E, Duraes, AR, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Earl, L, Kalan, ME, El-Khatib, Z, Eshrati, B, Faramarzi, M, Fareed, M, Faro, A, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fukumoto, T, Garcia, JA, Gill, PS, Gill, TK, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Grada, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, V, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Hasan, M, Hassen, HY, Hendrie, D, Henok, A, Henry, NJ, Hernandez Prado, B, Herteliu, C, Hole, MK, Hossain, N, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hu, G, Ilesanmi, OS, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Izadi, N, Jakovljevic, M, Jha, RP, Ji, JS, Jonas, JB, Shushtari, ZJ, Jozwiak, JJ, Kanchan, T, Kasaeian, A, Karyani, AK, Keiyoro, PN, Kesavachandran, CN, Khader, YS, Khafaie, MA, Khan, EA, Khater, MM, Kiadaliri, AA, Kiirithio, DN, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kinyoki, DK, Kisa, A, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Defo, BK, Kumar, M, Kumar, P, Lami, FH, Lee, PH, Levine, AJ, Li, S, Liao, Y, Lim, L-L, Listl, S, Lopez, JCF, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Mansournia, MA, Martins-Melo, FR, Masaka, A, Massenburg, BB, Mayala, BK, Mehta, KM, Mendoza, W, Mensah, GA, Meretoja, TJ, Mestrovic, T, Miller, TR, Mini, GK, Mirrakhimov, EM, Moazen, B, Mohammad, DK, Darwesh, AM, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Moodley, Y, Moosazadeh, M, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Morrison, SD, Mosser, JF, Mousavi, SM, Murray, CJL, Mustafa, G, Nahvijou, A, Najafi, F, Nangia, V, Ndwandwe, DE, Negoi, I, Negoi, RI, Ngunjiri, JW, Cuong, TN, Long, HN, Ningrum, DNA, Noubiap, JJ, Shiadeh, MN, Nyasulu, PS, Ogbo, FA, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Onwujekwe, OE, Ortega-Altamirano, DDV, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Overland, S, Mahesh, PA, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pati, S, Patton, GC, Perico, N, Pigott, DM, Pirsaheb, M, Postma, MJ, Pourshams, A, Prakash, S, Puri, P, Qorbani, M, Radfar, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MHU, Rajati, F, Ranabhat, CL, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Reiner, RC, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMN, Rezaei, S, Rezapour, A, Rios-Gonzalez, C, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Rubagotti, E, Sadat, N, Sadeghi, E, Safari, Y, Sagar, R, Salam, N, Salamati, P, Salimi, Y, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Milicevic, MMS, Sartorius, B, Sathian, B, Sawant, AR, Schaeffer, LE, Schipp, MF, Schwebel, DC, Senbeta, AM, Sepanlou, SG, Shaikh, MA, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Sharafi, K, Sharma, R, She, J, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Siabani, S, Silveira, DGA, Singh, JA, Sinha, DN, Skirbekk, V, Sligar, A, Sobaih, BH, Soofi, M, Soriano, JB, Soyiri, IN, Sreeramareddy, CT, Sudaryanto, A, Sufiyan, MB, Sutradhar, I, Sylaja, P, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tadesse, BT, Temsah, M-H, Terkawi, AS, Tessema, B, Tessema, ZT, Thankappan, KR, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Car, LT, Ullah, I, Uthman, OA, Valdez, PR, Veisani, Y, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vollmer, S, Vu, GT, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y-P, Wilkinson, JC, Winkler, AS, Wolfe, CDA, Yamada, T, Yeshaneh, A, Yip, P, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Yousefifard, M, Yu, C, Bin Zaman, S, Zhang, J, Zhang, Y, Zodpey, S, Gakidou, E, Hay, SI, Graetz, N, Woyczynski, L, Wilson, KF, Hall, JB, Abate, KH, Abd-Allah, F, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Afshari, M, Ajumobi, O, Akinyemiju, T, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alcalde Rabanal, JE, Alijanzadeh, M, Alipour, V, Altirkawi, K, Amiresmaili, M, Anber, NH, Andrei, CL, Anjomshoa, M, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Aryal, KK, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Atique, S, Ausloos, M, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Azari, S, Badawi, A, Banoub, JAM, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnett, A, Bedi, N, Bennett, DA, Bhattacharjee, NV, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Britton, G, Burstein, R, Butt, ZA, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Castro, F, Cerin, E, Chang, J-C, Collison, ML, Cooper, C, Cork, MA, Daoud, F, Das Gupta, R, Weaver, ND, De Neve, J-W, Deribe, K, Desalegn, BB, Deshpande, A, Desta, M, Dhimal, M, Diaz, D, Dinberu, MT, Djalalinia, S, Dubey, M, Dubljanin, E, Duraes, AR, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Earl, L, Kalan, ME, El-Khatib, Z, Eshrati, B, Faramarzi, M, Fareed, M, Faro, A, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fukumoto, T, Garcia, JA, Gill, PS, Gill, TK, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Grada, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, V, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Hasan, M, Hassen, HY, Hendrie, D, Henok, A, Henry, NJ, Hernandez Prado, B, Herteliu, C, Hole, MK, Hossain, N, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hu, G, Ilesanmi, OS, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Izadi, N, Jakovljevic, M, Jha, RP, Ji, JS, Jonas, JB, Shushtari, ZJ, Jozwiak, JJ, Kanchan, T, Kasaeian, A, Karyani, AK, Keiyoro, PN, Kesavachandran, CN, Khader, YS, Khafaie, MA, Khan, EA, Khater, MM, Kiadaliri, AA, Kiirithio, DN, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kinyoki, DK, Kisa, A, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Defo, BK, Kumar, M, Kumar, P, Lami, FH, Lee, PH, Levine, AJ, Li, S, Liao, Y, Lim, L-L, Listl, S, Lopez, JCF, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Mansournia, MA, Martins-Melo, FR, Masaka, A, Massenburg, BB, Mayala, BK, Mehta, KM, Mendoza, W, Mensah, GA, Meretoja, TJ, Mestrovic, T, Miller, TR, Mini, GK, Mirrakhimov, EM, Moazen, B, Mohammad, DK, Darwesh, AM, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Moodley, Y, Moosazadeh, M, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Morrison, SD, Mosser, JF, Mousavi, SM, Murray, CJL, Mustafa, G, Nahvijou, A, Najafi, F, Nangia, V, Ndwandwe, DE, Negoi, I, Negoi, RI, Ngunjiri, JW, Cuong, TN, Long, HN, Ningrum, DNA, Noubiap, JJ, Shiadeh, MN, Nyasulu, PS, Ogbo, FA, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Onwujekwe, OE, Ortega-Altamirano, DDV, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Overland, S, Mahesh, PA, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pati, S, Patton, GC, Perico, N, Pigott, DM, Pirsaheb, M, Postma, MJ, Pourshams, A, Prakash, S, Puri, P, Qorbani, M, Radfar, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MHU, Rajati, F, Ranabhat, CL, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Reiner, RC, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMN, Rezaei, S, Rezapour, A, Rios-Gonzalez, C, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Rubagotti, E, Sadat, N, Sadeghi, E, Safari, Y, Sagar, R, Salam, N, Salamati, P, Salimi, Y, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Milicevic, MMS, Sartorius, B, Sathian, B, Sawant, AR, Schaeffer, LE, Schipp, MF, Schwebel, DC, Senbeta, AM, Sepanlou, SG, Shaikh, MA, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Sharafi, K, Sharma, R, She, J, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Siabani, S, Silveira, DGA, Singh, JA, Sinha, DN, Skirbekk, V, Sligar, A, Sobaih, BH, Soofi, M, Soriano, JB, Soyiri, IN, Sreeramareddy, CT, Sudaryanto, A, Sufiyan, MB, Sutradhar, I, Sylaja, P, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tadesse, BT, Temsah, M-H, Terkawi, AS, Tessema, B, Tessema, ZT, Thankappan, KR, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Car, LT, Ullah, I, Uthman, OA, Valdez, PR, Veisani, Y, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vollmer, S, Vu, GT, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y-P, Wilkinson, JC, Winkler, AS, Wolfe, CDA, Yamada, T, Yeshaneh, A, Yip, P, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Yousefifard, M, Yu, C, Bin Zaman, S, Zhang, J, Zhang, Y, Zodpey, S, Gakidou, E, and Hay, SI
Abstract: Educational attainment is an important social determinant of maternal, newborn, and child health1-3. As a tool for promoting gender equity, it has gained increasing traction in popular media, international aid strategies, and global agenda-setting4-6. The global health agenda is increasingly focused on evidence of precision public health, which illustrates the subnational distribution of disease and illness7,8; however, an agenda focused on future equity must integrate comparable evidence on the distribution of social determinants of health9-11. Here we expand on the available precision SDG evidence by estimating the subnational distribution of educational attainment, including the proportions of individuals who have completed key levels of schooling, across all low- and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2017. Previous analyses have focused on geographical disparities in average attainment across Africa or for specific countries, but-to our knowledge-no analysis has examined the subnational proportions of individuals who completed specific levels of education across all low- and middle-income countries12-14. By geolocating subnational data for more than 184 million person-years across 528 data sources, we precisely identify inequalities across geography as well as within populations.
Published: 2020

22. Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Lozano, R. Fullman, N. Abate, D. Abay, S.M. Abbafati, C. Abbasi, N. Abbastabar, H. Abd-Allah, F. Abdela, J. Abdelalim, A. Abdel-Rahman, O. Abdi, A. Abdollahpour, I. Abdulkader, R.S. Abebe, N.D. Abebe, Z. Abejie, A.N. Abera, S.F. Abil, O.Z. Aboyans, V. Abraha, H.N. Abrham, A.R. Abu-Raddad, L.J. Abu-Rmeileh, N.M. Abyu, G.Y. Accrombessi, M.M.K. Acharya, D. Acharya, P. Adamu, A.A. Adebayo, O.M. Adedeji, I.A. Adedoyin, R.A. Adekanmbi, V. Adetokunboh, O.O. Adhena, B.M. Adhikari, T.B. Adib, M.G. Adou, A.K. Adsuar, J.C. Afarideh, M. Afshari, M. Afshin, A. Agarwal, G. Aghayan, S.A. Agius, D. Agrawal, A. Agrawal, S. Ahmadi, A. Ahmadi, M. Ahmadieh, H. Ahmed, M.B. Ahmed, S. Akalu, T.Y. Akanda, A.S. Akbari, M.E. Akibu, M. Akinyemi, R.O. Akinyemiju, T. Akseer, N. Alahdab, F. Al-Aly, Z. Alam, K. Alam, T. Albujeer, A. Alebel, A. Alene, K.A. Al-Eyadhy, A. Alhabib, S. Ali, R. Alijanzadeh, M. Alizadeh-Navaei, R. Aljunid, S.M. Alkerwi, A. Alla, F. Allebeck, P. Allen, C.A. Almasi, A. Al-Maskari, F. Al-Mekhlafi, H.M. Alonso, J. Al-Raddadi, R.M. Alsharif, U. Altirkawi, K. Alvis-Guzman, N. Amare, A.T. Amenu, K. Amini, E. Ammar, W. Anber, N.H. Anderson, J.A. Andrei, C.L. Androudi, S. Animut, M.D. Anjomshoa, M. Ansari, H. Ansariadi, A. Ansha, M.G. Antonio, C.A.T. Anwari, P. Appiah, L.T. Aremu, O. Areri, H.A. Ärnlöv, J. Arora, M. Aryal, K.K. Asayesh, H. Asfaw, E.T. Asgedom, S.W. Asghar, R.J. Assadi, R. Ataro, Z. Atique, S. Atre, S.R. Atteraya, M.S. Ausloos, M. Avila-Burgos, L. Avokpaho, E.F.G.A. Awasthi, A. Quintanilla, B.P.A. Ayele, H.T. Ayele, Y. Ayer, R. Azarpazhooh, M.R. Azzopardi, P.S. Azzopardi-Muscat, N. Babalola, T.K. Babazadeh, A. Badali, H. Badawi, A. Balakrishnan, K. Bali, A.G. Banach, M. Banerjee, A. Banoub, J.A.M. Banstola, A. Barac, A. Barboza, M.A. Barker-Collo, S.L. Bärnighausen, T.W. Barrero, L.H. Barthelemy, C.M. Bassat, Q. Basu, A. Basu, S. Battista, R.J. Baune, B.T. Baynes, H.W. Bazargan-Hejazi, S. Bedi, N. Beghi, E. Behzadifar, M. Behzadifar, M. Béjot, Y. Bekele, B.B. Belachew, A.B. Belay, A.G. Belay, S.A. Belay, Y.A. Bell, M.L. Bello, A.K. Bennett, D.A. Bensenor, I.M. Benzian, H. Berhane, A. Berhe, A.K. Berman, A.E. Bernabe, E. Bernstein, R.S. Bertolacci, G.J. Beuran, M. Beyranvand, T. Bhala, N. Bhalla, A. Bhansali, A. Bhattarai, S. Bhaumik, S. Bhutta, Z.A. Biadgo, B. Biehl, M.H. Bijani, A. Bikbov, B. Bililign, N. Sayeed, M.S.B. Birlik, S.M. Birungi, C. Bisanzio, D. Biswas, T. Bitew, H. Bizuneh, H. Bjertness, E. Bobasa, E.M. Boufous, S. Bourne, R. Bozorgmehr, K. Bragazzi, N.L. Brainin, M. Brant, L.C. Brauer, M. Brazinova, A. Breitborde, N.J.K. Briant, P.S. Britton, G. Brugha, T. Bukhman, G. Busse, R. Butt, Z.A. Cahuana-Hurtado, L. Callender, C.S.K.H. Campos-Nonato, I.R. Rincon, J.C.C. Cano, J. Car, J. Car, M. Cárdenas, R. Carrero, J.J. Carter, A. Carvalho, F. Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A. Rivas, J.C. Castro, F. Causey, K. Çavlin, A. Cercy, K.M. Cerin, E. Chaiah, Y. Chalek, J. Chang, H.-Y. Chang, J.-C. Chattopadhyay, A. Chattu, V.K. Chaturvedi, P. Chiang, P.P.-C. Chin, K.L. Chisumpa, V.H. Chitheer, A. Choi, J.-Y.J. Chowdhury, R. Christensen, H. Christopher, D.J. Chung, S.-C. Cicuttini, F.M. Ciobanu, L.G. Cirillo, M. Claro, R.M. Claßen, T.K.D. Cohen, A.J. Collado-Mateo, D. Cooper, C. Cooper, L.T. Cornaby, L. Cortinovis, M. Costa, M. Cousin, E. Cromwell, E.A. Crowe, C.S. Cunningham, M. Daba, A.K. Dadi, A.F. Dandona, L. Dandona, R. Dang, A.K. Dargan, P.I. Daryani, A. Das, S.K. Das Gupta, R. Das Neves, J. Dasa, T.T. Dash, A.P. Davis, A.C. Davitoiu, D.V. Davletov, K. Dayama, A. De Courten, B. De Leo, D. Neve, J.W.D. De Steur, H. Degefa, M.G. Degenhardt, L. Degfie, T.T. Deiparine, S. Dellavalle, R.P. Demoz, G.T. Demtsu, B. Denova-Gutiérrez, E. Deribe, K. Dervenis, N. Dessie, G.A. Dey, S. Dharmaratne, S.D. Dhimal, M. Dicker, D. Dinberu, M.T. Ding, E.L. Djalalinia, S. Do, H.P. Dokova, K. Doku, D.T. Douwes-Schultz, D. Driscoll, T.R. Duan, L. Dubey, M. Dubljanin, E. Duken, E.E. Duncan, B.B. Duraes, A.R. Ebrahimpour, S. Edvardsson, D. El Bcheraoui, C. Eldrenkamp, E. El-Khatib, Z. Elyazar, I.R.F. Enayati, A. Endries, A.Y. Eshrati, B. Eskandarieh, S. Esteghamati, A. Esteghamati, S. Estep, K. Fakhar, M. Fakhim, H. Fanzo, J. Faramarzi, M. Fareed, M. Farhadi, F. Farid, T.A. Farinha, C.S.E.S. Farioli, A. Faro, A. Farvid, M.S. Farzadfar, F. Farzaei, M.H. Farzam, H. Fazaeli, A.A. Fazeli, M.S. Feigin, V.L. Feigl, A.B. Fekadu, W. Feldman, R. Fentahun, N. Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. Fernandes, E. Fernandes, J.C. Feyissa, G.T. Fijabi, D.O. Filip, I. Finegold, S. Finger, J.D. Fischer, F. Fitzmaurice, C. Flor, L.S. Foigt, N.A. Foreman, K.J. Frank, T.D. Franklin, R.C. Fukumoto, T. Fukutaki, K. Fuller, J.E. Fürst, T. Furtado, J.M. Gakidou, E. Gallus, S. Gankpe, F.G. Gansevoort, R.T. Garcia, A.C. Garcia-Basteiro, A.L. Garcia-Gordillo, M.A. Gardner, W.M. Gebre, A.K. Gebre, T. Gebregergs, G.B. Gebrehiwot, T.T. Gebremedhin, A.T. Gebremichael, B. Gebremichael, T.G. Gelano, T.F. Geleijnse, J.M. Geramo, Y.C.D. Getachew, S. Gething, P.W. Gezae, K.E. Ghadami, M.R. Ghadimi, R. Ghadiri, K. Ghasemi-Kasman, M. Ghiasvand, H. Ghimire, M. Ghoshal, A.G. Giampaoli, S. Gill, P.S. Gill, T.K. Giussani, G. Gnedovskaya, E.V. Goldberg, E.M. Goli, S. Gona, P.N. Goodridge, A. Gopalani, S.V. Gorman, T.M. Goto, A. Goulart, A.C. Goulart, B.N.G. Grada, A. Griswold, M.G. Grosso, G. Gugnani, H.C.C. Guillemin, F. Guimaraes, A.L.S. Guo, Y. Gupta, P.C. Gupta, R. Gupta, R. Gupta, T. Ha, G.H. Haagsma, J.A. Hachinski, V. Hafezi-Nejad, N. Bidgoli, H.H. Hagos, T.B. Haile, M.T. Hailegiyorgis, T.T. Hailu, G.B. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Hamadeh, R.R. Hamidi, S. Hankey, G.J. Harb, H.L. Harikrishnan, S. Haririan, H. Haro, J.M. Hasan, M. Hassankhani, H. Hassen, H.Y. Havmoeller, R. Hawley, C.N. Hay, S.I. He, Y. Hedayatizadeh-Omran, A. Hegazy, M.I. Heibati, B. Heidari, B. Heidari, M. Hendrie, D. Henok, A. Heredia-Pi, I. Herteliu, C. Heydarpour, B. Heydarpour, F. Heydarpour, S. Hibstu, D.T. Híjar, M. Hoek, H.W. Hoffman, D.J. Hole, M.K. Homaie Rad, E. Hoogar, P. Horita, N. Hosgood, H.D. Hosseini, S.M. Hosseinzadeh, M. Hostiuc, M. Hostiuc, S. Hotez, P.J. Hoy, D.G. Hsairi, M. Hsiao, T. Hu, G. Huang, J.J. Hughes, C. Huynh, C.K. Igumbor, E.U. Ikeda, C.T. Ilesanmi, O.S. Iqbal, U. Irvani, S.S.N. Irvine, C.M.S. Islam, S.M.S. Islami, F. Ivers, R.Q. Izadi, N. Jacobsen, K.H. Jahangiry, L. Jahanmehr, N. Jain, S.K. Jakovljevic, M. Jalu, M.T. Jamal, A.A. James, S.L. Jassal, S.K. Javanbakht, M. Jayatilleke, A.U. Jeemon, P. Jha, R.P. Jha, V. Ji, J.S. Johnson, C.O. Johnson, S.C. Jonas, J.B. Jonnagaddala, J. Shushtari, Z.J. Joshi, A. Jozwiak, J.J. Jungari, S.B. Jürisson, M. Madhanraj, K. Kabir, Z. Kadel, R. Kahsay, A. Kahssay, M. Kalani, R. Kapil, U. Karami, M. Matin, B.K. Karanikolos, M. Karimi, N. Karimi, S.M. Karimi-Sari, H. Kasaeian, A. Kassa, D.H. Kassa, G.M. Kassa, T.D. Kassa, Z.Y. Kassebaum, N.J. Katikireddi, S.V. Kaul, A. Kawakami, N. Kazemi, Z. Karyani, A.K. Kazi, D.S. Prakash, K.C. Kebede, S. Keiyoro, P.N. Kemmer, L. Kemp, G.R. Kengne, A.P. Keren, A. Kesavachandran, C.N. Khader, Y.S. Khafaei, B. Khafaie, M.A. Khajavi, A. Khalid, N. Khalil, I.A. Khan, E.A. Khan, M.S. Khan, M.A. Khang, Y.-H. Khanna, T. Khater, M.M. Khatony, A. Khazaeipour, Z. Khazaie, H. Khoja, A.T. Khosravi, A. Khosravi, M.H. Khubchandani, J. Kiadaliri, A.A. Kiarie, H.W. Kibret, G.D. Kiirithio, D.N. Kim, D. Kim, J.Y. Kim, Y.-E. Kim, Y.J. Kimokoti, R.W. Kinfu, Y. Kinra, S. Kisa, A. Kissimova-Skarbek, K. Kissoon, N. Kivimäki, M. Kocarnik, J.M. Kochhar, S. Kokubo, Y. Kolola, T. Kopec, J.A. Kosek, M.N. Kosen, S. Koul, P.A. Koyanagi, A. Kravchenko, M.A. Krishan, K. Krohn, K.J. Defo, B.K. Kucuk Bicer, B. Kudom, A.A. Kulikoff, X.R. Kumar, G.A. Kumar, M. Kumar, P. Kutz, M.J. Kyu, H.H. Lachat, C. Lad, D.P. Lad, S.D. Lafranconi, A. Lagat, A.K. Lal, D.K. Lalloo, R. Lam, H. Lami, F.H. Lamichhane, P. Lan, Q. Lang, J.J. Lansingh, V.C. Lansky, S. Larson, H.J. Larsson, A.O. Laryea, D.O. Lassi, Z.S. Latifi, A. Lau, K.M.-M. Laxmaiah, A. Lazarus, J.V. Leasher, J.L. Lebedev, G. Ledesma, J.R. Lee, J.B. Lee, P.H. Leever, A.T. Leigh, J. Leinsalu, M. Leshargie, C.T. Leung, J. Lewycka, S. Li, S. Li, X. Li, Y. Liang, J. Liang, X. Liben, M.L. Lim, L.-L. Limenih, M.A. Linn, S. Liu, S. Liu, Y. Lodha, R. Logroscino, G. Lopez, A.D. Lorkowski, S. Lotufo, P.A. Lucchesi, L.R. Lyons, R.A. Macarayan, E.R.K. Mackay, M.T. Maddison, E.R. Madotto, F. Maghavani, D.P. Magis-Rodriguez, C. Mahotra, N.B. Majdan, M. Majdzadeh, R. Majeed, A. Malekzadeh, R. Malta, D.C. Mamun, A.A. Manda, A.-L. Mandarano-Filho, L.G. Mangalam, S. Manguerra, H. Mansournia, M.A. Mapoma, C.C. Maravilla, J.C. Marcenes, W. Marks, A. Martin, R.V. Martins, S.C.O. Martins-Melo, F.R. Martopullo, I. Mashamba-Thompson, T.P. Massenburg, B.B. Mathur, M.R. Maulik, P.K. Mazidi, M. McAlinden, C. McGrath, J.J. McKee, M. McMahon, B.J. Mehata, S. Mehndiratta, M.M. Mehrotra, R. Mehta, K.M. Mehta, V. Mejia-Rodriguez, F. Mekonen, T. Mekonnen, T.C.C. Meles, H.G. Melese, A. Melku, M. Memiah, P.T.N. Memish, Z.A. Mendoza, W. Mengistu, D.T. Mengistu, G. Mensah, G.A. Mensink, G.B.M. Mereta, S.T. Meretoja, A. Meretoja, T.J. Mestrovic, T. Mezgebe, H.B. Miazgowski, B. Miazgowski, T. Millear, A.I. Miller, T.R. Miller-Petrie, M.K. Milne, G.J. Mini, G.K. Minnig, S.P. Mirabi, P. Mirarefin, M. Mirrakhimov, E.M. Misganaw, A.T. Mitchell, P.B. Moazen, B. Moghadamnia, A.A. Mohajer, B. Mohammad, K.A. Mohammadi, M. Mohammadifard, N. Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, M. Mohammed, M.A. Mohammed, S. Mohan, M.B.V. Mohan, V. Mohebi, F. Moitra, M. Mokdad, A.H. Molokhia, M. Monasta, L. Montañez, J.C. Moosazadeh, M. Moradi, G. Moradi, M. Moradi-Lakeh, M. Moradinazar, M. Moraga, P. Morawska, L. Morgado-da-Costa, J. Morisaki, N. Morrison, S.D. Mosapour, A. Moschos, M.M. Mountjoy-Venning, W.C. Mouodi, S. Mousavi, S.M. Muche, A.A. Muchie, K.F. Mueller, U.O. Muhammed, O.S.S. Mukhopadhyay, S. Mullany, E.C. Muller, K. Mumford, J.E. Murhekar, M. Murthy, G.V.S. Murthy, S. Musa, J. Musa, K.I. Mustafa, G. Muthupandian, S. Nabhan, A.F. Nachega, J.B. Nagarajan, A.J. Nagel, G. Naghavi, M. Naheed, A. Nahvijou, A. Naidoo, K. Naik, G. Naik, N. Najafi, F. Naldi, L. Nam, H.S. Nangia, V. Nansseu, J.R. Nascimento, B.R. Nawaz, H. Neamati, N. Negoi, I. Negoi, R.I. Neupane, S. Newton, C.R.J. Ngalesoni, F.N. Ngunjiri, J.W. Nguyen, A. Nguyen, G. Nguyen, H. Nguyen, H.L.T. Nguyen, H.T. Nguyen, M. Nichols, E. Nigatu, S.G. Ningrum, D.N.A. Nirayo, Y.L. Nisar, M.I. Nixon, M.R. Nolutshungu, N. Nomura, M. Norheim, O.F. Noroozi, M. Norrving, B. Noubiap, J.J. Nouri, H.R. Shiadeh, M.N. Nowroozi, M.R. Nyasulu, P.S. Obermeyer, C.M. Ofori-Asenso, R. Ogah, O.S. Ogbo, F.A. Oh, I.-H. Okoro, A. Oladimeji, K.E. Oladimeji, O. Olagunju, A.T. Olagunju, T.O. Olivares, P.R. Olsen, H.E. Olusanya, B.O. Olusanya, J.O. Ong, K.L. Ong, S.K. Oommen, A.M. Opio, J.N. Oren, E. Oros, A. Ortega-Altamirano, D.D.V. Ortiz, A. Ortiz, J.R. Ortiz-Panozo, E. Ota, E. Otstavnov, S.S. Owolabi, M.O. Mahesh, P.A. Pakhale, S. Pakhare, A.P. Pan, W.-H. Pana, A. Panda, B.K. Panda-Jonas, S. Pandian, J.D. Papantoniou, N. Park, E.-K. Parry, C.D.H. Parsian, H. Patel, S. Pati, S. Patle, A. Patton, G.C. Paturi, V.R. Paudel, D. Paulson, K.R. Pearce, N. Peprah, E.K. Pereira, D.M. Perico, N. Pervaiz, A. Pesudovs, K. Petri, W.A. Petzold, M. Phillips, M.R. Pigott, D.M. Pillay, J.D. Pirsaheb, M. Pletcher, M. Pond, C.D. Postma, M.J. Pourshams, A. Poustchi, H. Prabhakaran, D. Prakash, S. Prasad, N. Purcell, C.A. Pyakurel, M. Qorbani, M. Quansah, R. Radfar, A. Rafay, A. Rafiei, A. Rahim, F. Rahimi, K. Rahimi-Movaghar, A. Rahimi-Movaghar, V. Rahman, M. Rahman, M.S. Rahman, M.H.U. Rahman, M.A. Rahman, S.U. Rai, R.K. Rajati, F. Rajsic, S. Ram, U. Rana, S.M. Ranabhat, C.L. Ranjan, P. Rasella, D. Rawaf, D.L. Rawaf, S. Razo-García, C. Reddy, K.S. Reiner, R.C. Reis, C. Reitsma, M.B. Remuzzi, G. Renzaho, A.M.N. Resnikoff, S. Reynales-Shigematsu, L.M. Rezaei, S. Rezaeian, S. Rezai, M.S. Riahi, S.M. Ribeiro, A.L.P. Rios-Blancas, M.J. Roba, K.T. Roberts, N.L.S. Roever, L. Ronfani, L. Roshandel, G. Rostami, A. Roth, G.A. Roy, A. Rubagotti, E. Ruhago, G.M. Sabde, Y.D. Sachdev, P.S. Saddik, B. Sadeghi, E. Safari, H. Safari, Y. Safari-Faramani, R. Safdarian, M. Safi, S. Safiri, S. Sagar, R. Sahebkar, A. Sahraian, M.A. Sajadi, H.S. Salam, N. Salama, J.S. Salamati, P. De Freitas Saldanha, R. Saleem, Z. Salimi, Y. Salimzadeh, H. Salomon, J.A. Salvi, S.S. Salz, I. Sambala, E.Z. Samy, A.M. Sanabria, J. Sanchez-Niño, M.D. Santos, I.S. Milicevic, M.M.S. Jose, B.P.S. Sardana, M. Sarker, A.R. Sarrafzadegan, N. Sartorius, B. Sarvi, S. Sathian, B. Satpathy, M. Savic, M. Sawant, A.R. Sawhney, M. Saxena, S. Saylan, M. Sayyah, M. Schaeffner, E. Schmidt, M.I. Schneider, I.J.C. Schöttker, B. Schutte, A.E. Schwebel, D.C. Schwendicke, F. Seedat, S. Sekerija, M. Sepanlou, S.G. Serván-Mori, E. Seyedmousavi, S. Shabaninejad, H. Shackelford, K.A. Shafieesabet, A. Shaheen, A.A. Shaikh, M.A. Shams-Beyranvand, M. Shamsi, M.B. Shamsizadeh, M. Sharafi, H. Sharafi, K. Sharif, M. Sharif-Alhoseini, M. Sharma, J. Sharma, R. Sharma, S.K. She, J. Sheikh, A. Shey, M.S. Shi, P. Shibuya, K. Shields, C. Shifa, G.T. Shiferaw, M.S. Shigematsu, M. Shiri, R. Shirkoohi, R. Shirude, S. Shishani, K. Shiue, I. Shokraneh, F. Shoman, H. Shrime, M.G. Shukla, S.R. Si, S. Siabani, S. Sibai, A.M. Siddiqi, T.J. Sigfusdottir, I.D. Silpakit, N. Silva, D.A.S. Silva, J.P. Da Silva, N.T. Silveira, D.G.A. Singh, J.A. Singh, N.P. Singh, O.P. Singh, P.K. Singh, V. Sinha, D.N. Skiadaresi, E. Sliwa, K. Smith, A.E. Smith, M. Filho, A.M.S. Sobaih, B.H. Sobhani, S. Soljak, M. Soofi, M. Soosaraei, M. Sorensen, R.J.D. Soriano, J.B. Soshnikov, S. Soyiri, I.N. Spinelli, A. Sposato, L.A. Sreeramareddy, C.T. Srinivasan, R.G. Srinivasan, V. Stanaway, J.D. Starodubov, V.I. Stathopoulou, V. Steckling, N. Stein, D.J. Stewart, L.G. Stockfelt, L. Stokes, M.A. Straif, K. Sudaryanto, A. Sufiyan, M.B. Sunguya, B.F. Sur, P.J. Sutradhar, I. Sykes, B.L. Sylaja, P.N. Sylte, D.O. Szoeke, C.E.I. Tabarés-Seisdedos, R. Tabuchi, T. Tadakamadla, S.K. Tamirat, K.S. Tandon, N. Tanser, F.C. Tassew, A.A. Tassew, S.G. Tavakkoli, M. Taveira, N. Tawye, N.Y. Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. Tekalign, T.G. Tekle, M.G. Temesgen, H. Temsah, M.-H. Temsah, O. Terkawi, A.S. Teshale, M.Y. Teshome, D.F. Tessema, B. Teweldemedhin, M. Thakur, J.S. Thankappan, K.R. Theis, A. Thirunavukkarasu, S. Thomas, L.A. Thomas, N. Thomson, A.J. Thrift, A.G. Tilahun, B. To, Q.G. Tobe-Gai, R. Tonelli, M. Topor-Madry, R. Torre, A.E. Tortajada-Girbés, M. Tovani-Palone, M.R. Towbin, J.A. Tran, B.X. Tran, K.B. Tran, T.T. Tripathy, S.P. Troeger, C.E. Truelsen, T.C. Tsadik, A.G. Car, L.T. Tuzcu, E.M. Tymeson, H.D. Ukwaja, K.N. Ullah, I. Updike, R.L. Usman, M.S. Uthman, O.A. Vaduganathan, M. Vaezi, A. Vaidya, G. Valdez, P.R. Van Donkelaar, A. Varavikova, E. Vasankari, T.J. Venketasubramanian, N. Vidavalur, R. Villafaina, S. Violante, F.S. Vladimirov, S.K. Vlassov, V. Vollmer, S. Vollset, S.E. Vos, T. Vosoughi, K. Vujcic, I.S. Wagner, G.R. Wagnew, F.S. Waheed, Y. Walson, J.L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.-P. Wassie, M.M. Weiderpass, E. Weintraub, R.G. Weiss, J. Weldegebreal, F. Weldegwergs, K.G. Werdecker, A. Werkneh, A.A. West, T.E. Westerman, R. Whisnant, J.L. Whiteford, H.A. Widecka, J. Widecka, K. Wijeratne, T. Wilner, L.B. Winkler, A.S. Wiyeh, A.B. Wiysonge, C.S. Wolde, H.F. Wolfe, C.D.A. Wu, S. Xavier, D. Xu, G. Xu, R. Yadollahpour, A. Jabbari, S.H.Y. Yakob, B. Yamada, T. Yan, L.L. Yano, Y. Yaseri, M. Yasin, Y.J. Ye, P. Yearwood, J.A. Yeshaneh, A. Yimer, E.M. Yip, P. Yirsaw, B.D. Yisma, E. Yonemoto, N. Yonga, G. Yoon, S.-J. Yotebieng, M. Younis, M.Z. Yousefifard, M. Yu, C. Zaman, S.B. Zamani, M. Zare, Z. Zavala-Arciniega, L. Zegeye, D.T. Zegeye, E.A. Zeleke, A.J. Zendehdel, K. Zerfu, T.A. Zhang, A.L. Zhang, X. Zhou, M. Zhu, J. Zimsen, S.R.M. Zodpey, S. Zoeckler, L. Zucker, I. Zuhlke, L.J.J. Lim, S.S. Murray, C.J.L. GBD 2017 SDG Collaborators
Abstract: Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
Published: 2018

23. WHO Statement on Caesarean Section Rates

Author: Betran, AP, Torloni, MR, Zhang, JJ, Gülmezoglu, AM, Aleem, HA, Althabe, F, Bergholt, T, de Bernis, L, Carroli, G, Deneux‐Tharaux, C, Devlieger, R, Debonnet, S, Duan, T, Hanson, C, Hofmeyr, J, Gonzalez Pérez, R, de Jonge, A, Khan, K, Lansky, S, Lazdane, G, Lumbiganon, P, Mackeen, D, Mahaini, R, Manyame, S, Mathai, M, Mikolajczyk, R, Mori, R, De Mucio, B, Oladapo, OT, Ortiz‐Panozo, E, Ouedraogo, L, Parker, C, Robson, M, Serruya, S, Souza, JP, Spong, CY, Stanton, C, Stanton, ME, Sullivan, EA, Temmerman, M, Tita, A, Tunçalp, Ӧ, Velebil, P, Vogel, JP, Weber, M, Wojdyla, D, Ye, J, Yunis, K, Zamora, J, and Zongo, A
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Consensus Development Conferences as Topic, Population, MEDLINE, Scientific literature, Appropriate technology, Global Health, World Health Organization, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Case mix index, Pregnancy, Commentaries, Health care, Global health, medicine, Humans, Caesarean section, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, education.field_of_study, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Cesarean Section, Obstetrics and Gynecology, medicine.disease, MONITORAMENTO, Commentary, Female, Medical emergency, business
Abstract: In 1985 when a group of experts convened by the World Health Organization in Fortaleza, Brazil, met to discuss the appropriate technology for birth, they echoed what at that moment was considered an unjustified and remarkable increase of caesarean section (CS) rates worldwide.1 Based on the evidence available at that time, the experts in Fortaleza concluded: ‘there is no justification for any region to have a caesarean section rate higher than 10–15%’.1 Over the years, this quote has become ubiquitous in scientific literature, being interpreted as the ideal CS rate. Although this reference range was intended for ‘populations’, which are defined by geopolitical boundaries, in many instances it has been mistakenly used as the measurement for healthcare facilities regardless of their complexity or other characteristics. In addition to the case mix of the obstetric population served, the use of CS at healthcare facilities is also affected by factors such as their capacity to handle cases, availability of resource and the clinical management protocols used locally.
Published: 2015

24. Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

Author: Servan-Mori E., Usman M.S., Uthman O.A., Vaduganathan M., Vaezi A., Vaidya G., Valdez P.R., Van Donkelaar A., Varavikova E., Vasankari T.J., Venketasubramanian N., Vidavalur R., Villafaina S., Violante F.S., Vladimirov S.K., Vlassov V., Vollmer S., Vollset S.E., Vos T., Vosoughi K., Vujcic I.S., Wagner G.R., Wagnew F.S., Waheed Y., Walson J.L., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Wassie M.M., Weiderpass E., Weintraub R.G., Weiss J., Weldegebreal F., Weldegwergs K.G., Werdecker A., Werkneh A.A., West T.E., Westerman R., Whisnant J.L., Whiteford H.A., Widecka J., Widecka K., Wijeratne T., Wilner L.B., Winkler A.S., Wiyeh A.B., Wiysonge C.S., Wolde H.F., Wolfe C.D.A., Wu S., Xavier D., Xu G., Xu R., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S.H.Y., Yakob B., Yamada T., Yan L.L., Yano Y., Yaseri M., Yasin Y.J., Ye P., Yearwood J.A., Yeshaneh A., Yimer E.M., Yip P., Yirsaw B.D., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Yonga G., Yoon S.-J., Yotebieng M., Younis M.Z., Yousefifard M., Yu C., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zare Z., Zavala-Arciniega L., Zegeye D.T., Zegeye E.A., Zeleke A.J., Zendehdel K., Zerfu T.A., Zhang A.L., Zhang X., Zhou M., Zhu J., Zimsen S.R.M., Zodpey S., Zoeckler L., Zucker I., Zuhlke L.J.J., Lim S.S., Murray C.J.L., De Courten B., Hughes C., Thrift A.G., Lozano R., Fullman N., Abate D., Abay S.M., Abbafati C., Abbasi N., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdela J., Abdelalim A., Abdel-Rahman O., Abdi A., Abdollahpour I., Abdulkader R.S., Abebe N.D., Abebe Z., Abejie A.N., Abera S.F., Abil O.Z., Aboyans V., Abraha H.N., Abrham A.R., Abu-Raddad L.J., Abu-Rmeileh N.M., Abyu G.Y., Accrombessi M.M.K., Acharya D., Acharya P., Adamu A.A., Adebayo O.M., Adedeji I.A., Adedoyin R.A., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adhena B.M., Adhikari T.B., Adib M.G., Adou A.K., Adsuar J.C., Afarideh M., Afshari M., Afshin A., Agarwal G., Aghayan S.A., Agius D., Agrawal A., Agrawal S., Ahmadi A., Ahmadi M., Ahmadieh H., Ahmed M.B., Ahmed S., Akalu T.Y., Akanda A.S., Akbari M.E., Akibu M., Akinyemi R.O., Akinyemiju T., Akseer N., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Alam T., Albujeer A., Alebel A., Alene K.A., Al-Eyadhy A., Alhabib S., Ali R., Alijanzadeh M., Alizadeh-Navaei R., Aljunid S.M., Alkerwi A., Alla F., Allebeck P., Allen C.A., Almasi A., Al-Maskari F., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Alonso J., Al-Raddadi R.M., Alsharif U., Altirkawi K., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Amenu K., Amini E., Ammar W., Anber N.H., Anderson J.A., Andrei C.L., Androudi S., Animut M.D., Anjomshoa M., Ansari H., Ansariadi A., Ansha M.G., Antonio C.A.T., Anwari P., Appiah L.T., Aremu O., Areri H.A., Arnlov J., Arora M., Aryal K.K., Asayesh H., Asfaw E.T., Asgedom S.W., Asghar R.J., Assadi R., Ataro Z., Atique S., Atre S.R., Atteraya M.S., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Avokpaho E.F.G.A., Awasthi A., Quintanilla B.P.A., Ayele H.T., Ayele Y., Ayer R., Azarpazhooh M.R., Azzopardi P.S., Azzopardi-Muscat N., Babalola T.K., Babazadeh A., Badali H., Badawi A., Balakrishnan K., Bali A.G., Banach M., Banerjee A., Banoub J.A.M., Banstola A., Barac A., Barboza M.A., Barker-Collo S.L., Barnighausen T.W., Barrero L.H., Barthelemy C.M., Bassat Q., Basu A., Basu S., Battista R.J., Baune B.T., Baynes H.W., Bazargan-Hejazi S., Bedi N., Beghi E., Behzadifar M., Bejot Y., Bekele B.B., Belachew A.B., Belay A.G., Belay S.A., Belay Y.A., Bell M.L., Bello A.K., Bennett D.A., Bensenor I.M., Benzian H., Berhane A., Berhe A.K., Berman A.E., Bernabe E., Bernstein R.S., Bertolacci G.J., Beuran M., Beyranvand T., Bhala N., Bhalla A., Bhansali A., Bhattarai S., Bhaumik S., Bhutta Z.A., Biadgo B., Biehl M.H., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Bililign N., Sayeed M.S.B., Birlik S.M., Birungi C., Bisanzio D., Biswas T., Bitew H., Bizuneh H., Bjertness E., Bobasa E.M., Boufous S., Bourne R., Bozorgmehr K., Bragazzi N.L., Brainin M., Brant L.C., Brauer M., Brazinova A., Breitborde N.J.K., Briant P.S., Britton G., Brugha T., Bukhman G., Busse R., Butt Z.A., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Callender C.S.K.H., Campos-Nonato I.R., Rincon J.C.C., Cano J., Car J., Car M., Cardenas R., Carrero J.J., Carter A., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Rivas J.C., Castro F., Causey K., Cavlin A., Cercy K.M., Cerin E., Chaiah Y., Chalek J., Chang H.-Y., Chang J.-C., Chattopadhyay A., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi P., Chiang P.P.-C., Chin K.L., Chisumpa V.H., Chitheer A., Choi J.-Y.J., Chowdhury R., Christensen H., Christopher D.J., Chung S.-C., Cicuttini F.M., Ciobanu L.G., Cirillo M., Claro R.M., Classen T.K.D., Cohen A.J., Collado-Mateo D., Cooper C., Cooper L.T., Cornaby L., Cortinovis M., Costa M., Cousin E., Cromwell E.A., Crowe C.S., Cunningham M., Daba A.K., Dadi A.F., Dandona L., Dandona R., Dang A.K., Dargan P.I., Daryani A., Das S.K., Das Gupta R., Das Neves J., Dasa T.T., Dash A.P., Davis A.C., Davitoiu D.V., Davletov K., Dayama A., De Leo D., Neve J.W.D., De Steur H., Degefa M.G., Degenhardt L., Degfie T.T., Deiparine S., Dellavalle R.P., Demoz G.T., Demtsu B., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Dervenis N., Dessie G.A., Dey S., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhimal M., Dicker D., Dinberu M.T., Ding E.L., Djalalinia S., Do H.P., Dokova K., Doku D.T., Douwes-Schultz D., Driscoll T.R., Duan L., Dubey M., Dubljanin E., Duken E.E., Duncan B.B., Duraes A.R., Ebrahimpour S., Edvardsson D., El Bcheraoui C., Eldrenkamp E., El-Khatib Z., Elyazar I.R.F., Enayati A., Endries A.Y., Eshrati B., Eskandarieh S., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Estep K., Fakhar M., Fakhim H., Fanzo J., Faramarzi M., Fareed M., Farhadi F., Farid T.A., Farinha C.S.E.S., Farioli A., Faro A., Farvid M.S., Farzadfar F., Farzaei M.H., Farzam H., Fazaeli A.A., Fazeli M.S., Feigin V.L., Feigl A.B., Fekadu W., Feldman R., Fentahun N., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Fernandes J.C., Feyissa G.T., Fijabi D.O., Filip I., Finegold S., Finger J.D., Fischer F., Fitzmaurice C., Flor L.S., Foigt N.A., Foreman K.J., Frank T.D., Franklin R.C., Fukumoto T., Fukutaki K., Fuller J.E., Furst T., Furtado J.M., Gakidou E., Gallus S., Gankpe F.G., Gansevoort R.T., Garcia A.C., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Garcia-Gordillo M.A., Gardner W.M., Gebre A.K., Gebre T., Gebregergs G.B., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gebremedhin A.T., Gebremichael B., Gebremichael T.G., Gelano T.F., Geleijnse J.M., Geramo Y.C.D., Getachew S., Gething P.W., Gezae K.E., Ghadami M.R., Ghadimi R., Ghadiri K., Ghasemi-Kasman M., Ghiasvand H., Ghimire M., Ghoshal A.G., Giampaoli S., Gill P.S., Gill T.K., Giussani G., Gnedovskaya E.V., Goldberg E.M., Goli S., Gona P.N., Goodridge A., Gopalani S.V., Gorman T.M., Goto A., Goulart A.C., Goulart B.N.G., Grada A., Griswold M.G., Grosso G., Gugnani H.C.C., Guillemin F., Guimaraes A.L.S., Guo Y., Gupta P.C., Gupta R., Gupta T., Ha G.H., Haagsma J.A., Hachinski V., Hafezi-Nejad N., Bidgoli H.H., Hagos T.B., Haile M.T., Hailegiyorgis T.T., Hailu G.B., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Hankey G.J., Harb H.L., Harikrishnan S., Haririan H., Haro J.M., Hasan M., Hassankhani H., Hassen H.Y., Havmoeller R., Hawley C.N., Hay S.I., He Y., Hedayatizadeh-Omran A., Hegazy M.I., Heibati B., Heidari B., Heidari M., Hendrie D., Henok A., Heredia-Pi I., Herteliu C., Heydarpour B., Heydarpour F., Heydarpour S., Hibstu D.T., Hijar M., Hoek H.W., Hoffman D.J., Hole M.K., Homaie Rad E., Hoogar P., Horita N., Hosgood H.D., Hosseini S.M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Hotez P.J., Hoy D.G., Hsairi M., Hsiao T., Hu G., Huang J.J., Huynh C.K., Igumbor E.U., Ikeda C.T., Ilesanmi O.S., Iqbal U., Irvani S.S.N., Irvine C.M.S., Islam S.M.S., Islami F., Ivers R.Q., Izadi N., Jacobsen K.H., Jahangiry L., Jahanmehr N., Jain S.K., Jakovljevic M., Jalu M.T., Jamal A.A., James S.L., Jassal S.K., Javanbakht M., Jayatilleke A.U., Jeemon P., Jha R.P., Jha V., Ji J.S., Johnson C.O., Johnson S.C., Jonas J.B., Jonnagaddala J., Shushtari Z.J., Joshi A., Jozwiak J.J., Jungari S.B., Jurisson M., Madhanraj K., Kabir Z., Kadel R., Kahsay A., Kahssay M., Kalani R., Kapil U., Karami M., Matin B.K., Karanikolos M., Karimi N., Karimi S.M., Karimi-Sari H., Kasaeian A., Kassa D.H., Kassa G.M., Kassa 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Kesavachandran C.N., Khader Y.S., Khafaei B., Khafaie M.A., Khajavi A., Khalid N., Khalil I.A., Khan E.A., Khan M.S., Khan M.A., Khang Y.-H., Khanna T., Khater M.M., Khatony A., Khazaeipour Z., Khazaie H., Khoja A.T., Khosravi A., Khosravi M.H., Khubchandani J., Kiadaliri A.A., Kiarie H.W., Kibret G.D., Kiirithio D.N., Kim D., Kim J.Y., Kim Y.-E., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kinfu Y., Kinra S., Kisa A., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Kissoon N., Kivimaki M., Kocarnik J.M., Kochhar S., Kokubo Y., Kolola T., Kopec J.A., Kosek M.N., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kravchenko M.A., Krishan K., Krohn K.J., Defo B.K., Kucuk Bicer B., Kudom A.A., Kulikoff X.R., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Kumar P., Kutz M.J., Kyu H.H., Lachat C., Lad D.P., Lad S.D., Lafranconi A., Lagat A.K., Lal D.K., Lalloo R., Lam H., Lami F.H., Lamichhane P., Lan Q., Lang J.J., Lansingh V.C., Lansky S., Larson H.J., Larsson A.O., Laryea D.O., Lassi Z.S., Latifi A., Lau K.M.-M., Laxmaiah A., Lazarus J.V., Leasher J.L., Lebedev G., Ledesma J.R., Lee J.B., Lee P.H., Leever A.T., Leigh J., Leinsalu M., Leshargie C.T., Leung J., Lewycka S., Li S., Li X., Li Y., Liang J., Liang X., Liben M.L., Lim L.-L., Limenih M.A., Linn S., Liu S., Liu Y., Lodha R., Logroscino G., Lopez A.D., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P.A., Lucchesi L.R., Lyons R.A., Macarayan E.R.K., Mackay M.T., Maddison E.R., Madotto F., Maghavani D.P., Magis-Rodriguez C., Mahotra N.B., Majdan M., Majdzadeh R., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Manda A.-L., Mandarano-Filho L.G., Mangalam S., Manguerra H., Mansournia M.A., Mapoma C.C., Maravilla J.C., Marcenes W., Marks A., Martin R.V., Martins S.C.O., Martins-Melo F.R., Martopullo I., Mashamba-Thompson T.P., Massenburg B.B., Mathur M.R., Maulik P.K., Mazidi M., McAlinden C., McGrath J.J., McKee M., McMahon B.J., Mehata S., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehrotra R., Mehta K.M., Mehta V., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Mekonen T., Mekonnen T.C.C., Meles H.G., Melese A., Melku M., Memiah P.T.N., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mengistu D.T., Mengistu G., Mensah G.A., Mensink G.B.M., Mereta S.T., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Mestrovic T., Mezgebe H.B., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Millear A.I., Miller T.R., Miller-Petrie M.K., Milne G.J., Mini G.K., Minnig S.P., Mirabi P., Mirarefin M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Misganaw A.T., Mitchell P.B., Moazen B., Moghadamnia A.A., Mohajer B., Mohammad K.A., Mohammadi M., Mohammadifard N., Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M., Mohammed M.A., Mohammed S., Mohan M.B.V., Mohan V., Mohebi F., Moitra M., Mokdad A.H., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Montanez J.C., Moosazadeh M., Moradi G., Moradi M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradinazar M., Moraga P., Morawska L., Morgado-da-Costa J., Morisaki N., Morrison S.D., Mosapour A., Moschos M.M., Mountjoy-Venning W.C., Mouodi S., Mousavi S.M., Muche A.A., Muchie K.F., Mueller U.O., Muhammed O.S.S., Mukhopadhyay S., Mullany E.C., Muller K., Mumford J.E., Murhekar M., Murthy G.V.S., Murthy S., Musa J., Musa K.I., Mustafa G., Muthupandian S., Nabhan A.F., Nachega J.B., Nagarajan A.J., Nagel G., Naghavi M., Naheed A., Nahvijou A., Naidoo K., Naik G., Naik N., Najafi F., Naldi L., Nam H.S., Nangia V., Nansseu J.R., Nascimento B.R., Nawaz H., Neamati N., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Neupane S., Newton C.R.J., Ngalesoni F.N., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen A., Nguyen G., Nguyen H., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen H.T., Nguyen M., Nichols E., Nigatu S.G., Ningrum D.N.A., Nirayo Y.L., Nisar M.I., Nixon M.R., Nolutshungu N., Nomura M., Norheim O.F., Noroozi M., Norrving B., Noubiap J.J., Nouri H.R., Shiadeh M.N., Nowroozi M.R., Nyasulu P.S., Obermeyer C.M., Ofori-Asenso R., Ogah O.S., Ogbo F.A., Oh I.-H., Okoro A., Oladimeji K.E., Oladimeji O., Olagunju A.T., Olagunju T.O., Olivares P.R., Olsen H.E., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Ong K.L., Ong S.K., Oommen A.M., Opio J.N., Oren E., Oros A., Ortega-Altamirano D.D.V., Ortiz A., Ortiz J.R., Ortiz-Panozo E., Ota E., Otstavnov S.S., Owolabi M.O., Mahesh P.A., Pakhale S., Pakhare A.P., Pan W.-H., Pana A., Panda B.K., Panda-Jonas S., Pandian J.D., Papantoniou N., Park E.-K., Parry C.D.H., Parsian H., Patel S., Pati S., Patle A., Patton G.C., Paturi V.R., Paudel D., Paulson K.R., Pearce N., Peprah E.K., Pereira D.M., Perico N., Pervaiz A., Pesudovs K., Petri W.A., Petzold M., Phillips M.R., Pigott D.M., Pillay J.D., Pirsaheb M., Pletcher M., Pond C.D., Postma M.J., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Prabhakaran D., Prakash S., Prasad N., Purcell C.A., Pyakurel M., Qorbani M., Quansah R., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi K., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M., Rahman M.S., Rahman M.H.U., Rahman M.A., Rahman S.U., Rai R.K., Rajati F., Rajsic S., Ram U., Rana S.M., Ranabhat C.L., Ranjan P., Rasella D., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Razo-Garcia C., Reddy K.S., Reiner R.C., Reis C., Reitsma M.B., Remuzzi G., Renzaho A.M.N., Resnikoff S., Reynales-Shigematsu L.M., Rezaei S., Rezaeian S., Rezai M.S., Riahi S.M., Ribeiro A.L.P., Rios-Blancas M.J., Roba K.T., Roberts N.L.S., Roever L., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Rostami A., Roth G.A., Roy A., Rubagotti E., Ruhago G.M., Sabde Y.D., Sachdev P.S., Saddik B., Sadeghi E., Safari H., Safari Y., Safari-Faramani R., Safdarian M., Safi S., Safiri S., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M.A., Sajadi H.S., Salam N., Salama J.S., Salamati P., De Freitas Saldanha R., Saleem Z., Salimi Y., Salimzadeh H., Salomon J.A., Salvi S.S., Salz I., Sambala E.Z., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Sanchez-Nino M.D., Santos I.S., Milicevic M.M.S., Jose B.P.S., Sardana M., Sarker A.R., Sarrafzadegan N., Sartorius B., Sarvi S., Sathian B., Satpathy M., Savic M., Sawant A.R., Sawhney M., Saxena S., Saylan M., Sayyah M., Schaeffner E., Schmidt M.I., Schneider I.J.C., Schottker B., Schutte A.E., Schwebel D.C., Schwendicke F., Seedat S., Sekerija M., Sepanlou S.G., Seyedmousavi S., Shabaninejad H., Shackelford K.A., Shafieesabet A., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsi M.B., Shamsizadeh M., Sharafi H., Sharafi K., Sharif M., Sharif-Alhoseini M., Sharma J., Sharma R., Sharma S.K., She J., Sheikh A., Shey M.S., Shi P., Shibuya K., Shields C., Shifa G.T., Shiferaw M.S., Shigematsu M., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shirude S., Shishani K., Shiue I., Shokraneh F., Shoman H., Shrime M.G., Shukla S.R., Si S., Siabani S., Sibai A.M., Siddiqi T.J., Sigfusdottir I.D., Silpakit N., Silva D.A.S., Silva J.P., Da Silva N.T., Silveira D.G.A., Singh J.A., Singh N.P., Singh O.P., Singh P.K., Singh V., Sinha D.N., Skiadaresi E., Sliwa K., Smith A.E., Smith M., Filho A.M.S., Sobaih B.H., Sobhani S., Soljak M., Soofi M., Soosaraei M., Sorensen R.J.D., Soriano J.B., Soshnikov S., Soyiri I.N., Spinelli A., Sposato L.A., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan R.G., Srinivasan V., Stanaway J.D., Starodubov V.I., Stathopoulou V., Steckling N., Stein D.J., Stewart L.G., Stockfelt L., Stokes M.A., Straif K., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Sunguya B.F., Sur P.J., Sutradhar I., Sykes B.L., Sylaja P.N., Sylte D.O., Szoeke C.E.I., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadakamadla S.K., Tamirat K.S., Tandon N., Tanser F.C., Tassew A.A., Tassew S.G., Tavakkoli M., Taveira N., Tawye N.Y., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekalign T.G., Tekle M.G., Temesgen H., Temsah M.-H., Temsah O., Terkawi A.S., Teshale M.Y., Teshome D.F., Tessema B., Teweldemedhin M., Thakur J.S., Thankappan K.R., Theis A., Thirunavukkarasu S., Thomas L.A., Thomas N., Thomson A.J., Tilahun B., To Q.G., Tobe-Gai R., Tonelli M., Topor-Madry R., Torre A.E., Tortajada-Girbes M., Tovani-Palone M.R., Towbin J.A., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Tran T.T., Tripathy S.P., Troeger C.E., Truelsen T.C., Tsadik A.G., Car L.T., Tuzcu E.M., Tymeson H.D., Ukwaja K.N., Ullah I., and Updike R.L.
Abstract: Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of "leaving no one behind", it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990-2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Method(s): We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the 2.5th percentile and 100 as the 97.5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the prob
Published: 2018

25. Increases in Caesarean Delivery Rates and Change of Perinatal Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Hospital-Level Analysis of Two WHO Surveys

Author: Zhao, Y, Zhang, J, Zamora, J, Vogel, JP, Souza, JP, Jayaratne, K, Ganchimeg, T, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Hernandez, B, Oladapo, OT, Torloni, MR, Morisaki, N, Mori, R, Pileggi-Castro, C, Tuncalp, O, Shen, X, Betran, AP, Zhao, Y, Zhang, J, Zamora, J, Vogel, JP, Souza, JP, Jayaratne, K, Ganchimeg, T, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Hernandez, B, Oladapo, OT, Torloni, MR, Morisaki, N, Mori, R, Pileggi-Castro, C, Tuncalp, O, Shen, X, and Betran, AP
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Maternal and neonatal outcomes have improved substantially. During the same period, the caesarean delivery rate soared. The aim of this analysis was to determine whether an increase in caesarean rate was associated with an improvement in perinatal outcome at an institutional level in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: The WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health (WHOGS) and the WHO Multi-Country Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health (WHOMCS) were two multi-country, facility-based, cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2004-08 and 2010-11, respectively. The increase in caesarean rate and the change of prevalence of adverse perinatal outcomes were calculated using a two-point estimator of percent change annualized (PCA) method. Maternal, perinatal, and neonatal composite indexes were used as the outcomes. A linear mixed model was used to assess the association between the change of caesarean rate and the change of perinatal outcome. RESULTS: A total of 259 facilities in 20 countries participated in both surveys, with 217 844 women in WHOGS and 227 734 women in WHOMCS. The caesarean rate in these facilities increased, on average, by 4.0% annually, while the prevalence of adverse perinatal outcomes decreased by 4.6% annually. However, after adjustments for potential confounders, no association was found between the increase in caesarean rate and the change of adverse outcome indexes, regardless of whether starting caesarean rates were already high (above 10%) or not. CONCLUSIONS: In low- and middle-income countries, the increases in caesarean rates were not associated with improved perinatal outcomes regardless of whether the starting caesarean rate was already high or not.
Published: 2017

26. Management of pregnancy at and beyond 41 completed weeks of gestation in low-risk women: a secondary analysis of two WHO multi-country surveys on maternal and newborn health

Author: Mya, KS, Laopaiboon, M, Vogel, JP, Cecatti, JG, Souza, JP, Gulmezoglu, AM, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Mittal, S, Lumbiganon, P, Mya, KS, Laopaiboon, M, Vogel, JP, Cecatti, JG, Souza, JP, Gulmezoglu, AM, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Mittal, S, and Lumbiganon, P
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends induction of labour (IOL) for women who have reached 41 completed weeks of pregnancy without spontaneous onset of labour. Many women with prolonged pregnancy and/or their clinicians elect not to induce, and chose either elective caesarean section (ECS) or expectant management (EM). This study intended to assess pregnancy outcomes of IOL, ECS and EM at and beyond 41 completed weeks. METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of the WHO Global Survey (WHOGS) and the WHO Multi-country Survey (WHOMCS) conducted in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East. There were 33,003 women with low risk singleton pregnancies at ≥41 completed weeks from 292 facilities in 21 countries. Multilevel logistic regression model was used to assess associations of different management groups with each pregnancy outcome accounted for hierarchical survey design. The results were presented by adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for age, education, marital status, parity, previous caesarean section (CS), birth weight, and facility capacity index score. RESULTS: The prevalence of prolonged pregnancy at facility setting in WHOGS, WHOMCS and combined databases were 7.9%, 7.5% and 7.7% respectively. Regarding to maternal adverse outcomes, EM was significantly associated with decreased risk of CS rate consistently in both databases i.e. (aOR0.76; 95% CI: 0.66-0.87) in WHOGS, (aOR0.67; 95% CI: 0.59-0.76) in WHOMCS and (aOR0.70; 95% CI: 0.64-0.77) in combined database, compared to IOL. Regarding the adverse perinatal outcomes, ECS was significantly associated with increased risks of neonatal intensive care unit admission (aOR1.76; 95% CI: 1.28-2.42) in WHOMCS and (aOR1.51; 95% CI: 1.19-1.92) in combined database compared to IOL but not significant in WHOGS database. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to IOL, ECS significantly increased risk of NICU admission while EM was significantly associated with decr
Published: 2017

27. Prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding and determinants of delayed initiation of breastfeeding: secondary analysis of the WHO Global Survey

Author: Takahashi, K, Ganchimeg, T, Ota, E, Vogel, JP, Souza, JP, Laopaiboon, M, Castro, CP, Jayaratne, K, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Lumbiganon, P, Mori, R, Takahashi, K, Ganchimeg, T, Ota, E, Vogel, JP, Souza, JP, Laopaiboon, M, Castro, CP, Jayaratne, K, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Lumbiganon, P, and Mori, R
Abstract: Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) within 1 hour of birth can decrease neonatal death. However, the prevalence of EIBF is approximately 50% in many developing countries, and data remains unavailable for some countries. We conducted a secondary analysis using the WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health to identify factors hampering EIBF. We described the coverage of EIBF among 373 health facilities for singleton neonates for whom breastfeeding was initiated after birth. Maternal and facility characteristics of EIBF were compared to those of breastfeeding >1 hour after birth, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. In total, 244,569 singleton live births without severe adverse outcomes were analysed. The EIBF prevalence varied widely among countries and ranged from 17.7% to 98.4% (average, 57.6%). There was less intra-country variation for BFI <24 hours. After adjustment, EIBF was significantly lower among women with complications during pregnancy and caesarean delivery. Globally, EIBF varied considerably across countries. Maternal complications during pregnancy, caesarean delivery and absence of postnatal/neonatal care guidelines at hospitals may affect EIBF. Our findings suggest that to better promote EIBF, special support for breastfeeding promotion is needed for women with complications during pregnancy and those who deliver by caesarean section.
Published: 2017

28. <scp>WHO</scp> Statement on Caesarean Section Rates

Author: Betran, AP, Torloni, MR, Zhang, JJ, Gülmezoglu, AM, Aleem, HA, Althabe, F, Bergholt, T, Bernis, L, Carroli, G, Deneux‐Tharaux, C, Devlieger, R, Debonnet, S, Duan, T, Hanson, C, Hofmeyr, J, Gonzalez Pérez, R, Jonge, A, Khan, K, Lansky, S, Lazdane, G, Lumbiganon, P, Mackeen, D, Mahaini, R, Manyame, S, Mathai, M, Mikolajczyk, R, Mori, R, De Mucio, B, Oladapo, OT, Ortiz‐Panozo, E, Ouedraogo, L, Parker, C, Robson, M, Serruya, S, Souza, JP, Spong, CY, Stanton, C, Stanton, ME, Sullivan, EA, Temmerman, M, Tita, A, Tunçalp, Ӧ, Velebil, P, Vogel, JP, Weber, M, Wojdyla, D, Ye, J, Yunis, K, Zamora, J, and Zongo, A
Published: 2015

29. Optimal Timing of Delivery among Low-Risk Women with Prior Caesarean Section: A Secondary Analysis of the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health

Author: Räisänen, SH, Ganchimeg, T, Nagata, C, Vogel, JP, Morisaki, N, Pileggi-Castro, C, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Jayaratne, K, Mittal, S, Ota, E, Souza, JP, Mori, R, Räisänen, SH, Ganchimeg, T, Nagata, C, Vogel, JP, Morisaki, N, Pileggi-Castro, C, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Jayaratne, K, Mittal, S, Ota, E, Souza, JP, and Mori, R
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate optimal timing of elective repeat caesarean section among low-risk pregnant women with prior caesarean section in a multicountry sample from largely low- and middle-income countries. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study. SETTING: Twenty-nine countries from the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health. POPULATION: 29,647 women with prior caesarean section and no pregnancy complications in their current pregnancy who delivered a term singleton (live birth and stillbirth) at gestational age 37-41 weeks by pre-labour caesarean section, intra-partum caesarean section, or vaginal birth following spontaneous onset of labour. METHODS: We compared the rate of short-term adverse maternal and newborn outcomes following pre-labour caesarean section at a given gestational age, to those following ongoing pregnancies beyond that gestational age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Severe maternal outcomes, neonatal morbidity, and intra-hospital early neonatal mortality. RESULTS: Odds of neonatal morbidity and intra-hospital early neonatal mortality were 0.48 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39-0.60) and 0.31 (95% CI 0.16-0.58) times lower for ongoing pregnancies compared to pre-labour caesarean section at 37 weeks. We did not find any significant change in the risk of severe maternal outcomes between pre-labour caesarean section at a given gestational age and ongoing pregnancies beyond that gestational age. CONCLUSIONS: Elective repeat caesarean section at 37 weeks had higher risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality compared to ongoing pregnancy, however risks at later gestational ages did not differ between groups.
Published: 2016

30. A global reference for caesarean section rates (C-Model): a multicountry cross-sectional study

Author: Souza, JP, Betran, AP, Dumont, A, de Mucio, B, Pickens, CMG, Deneux-Tharaux, C, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Sullivan, E, Ota, E, Togoobaatar, G, Carroli, G, Knight, H, Zhang, J, Cecatti, JG, Vogel, JP, Jayaratne, K, Leal, MC, Gissler, M, Morisaki, N, Lack, N, Oladapo, OT, Tuncalp, O, Lumbiganon, P, Mori, R, Quintana, S, Passos, ADC, Marcolin, AC, Zongo, A, Blondel, B, Hernandez, B, Hogue, CJ, Prunet, C, Landman, C, Ochir, C, Cuesta, C, Pileggi-Castro, C, Walker, D, Alves, D, Abalos, E, Moises, ECD, Vieira, EM, Duarte, G, Perdona, G, Gurol-Urganci, I, Takahiko, K, Moscovici, L, Campodonico, L, Oliveira-Ciabati, L, Laopaiboon, M, Danansuriya, M, Nakamura-Pereira, M, Costa, ML, Torloni, MR, Kramer, MR, Borges, P, Olkhanud, PB, Perez-Cuevas, R, Agampodi, SB, Mittal, S, Serruya, S, Bataglia, V, Li, Z, Temmerman, M, Guelmezoglu, AM, Souza, JP, Betran, AP, Dumont, A, de Mucio, B, Pickens, CMG, Deneux-Tharaux, C, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Sullivan, E, Ota, E, Togoobaatar, G, Carroli, G, Knight, H, Zhang, J, Cecatti, JG, Vogel, JP, Jayaratne, K, Leal, MC, Gissler, M, Morisaki, N, Lack, N, Oladapo, OT, Tuncalp, O, Lumbiganon, P, Mori, R, Quintana, S, Passos, ADC, Marcolin, AC, Zongo, A, Blondel, B, Hernandez, B, Hogue, CJ, Prunet, C, Landman, C, Ochir, C, Cuesta, C, Pileggi-Castro, C, Walker, D, Alves, D, Abalos, E, Moises, ECD, Vieira, EM, Duarte, G, Perdona, G, Gurol-Urganci, I, Takahiko, K, Moscovici, L, Campodonico, L, Oliveira-Ciabati, L, Laopaiboon, M, Danansuriya, M, Nakamura-Pereira, M, Costa, ML, Torloni, MR, Kramer, MR, Borges, P, Olkhanud, PB, Perez-Cuevas, R, Agampodi, SB, Mittal, S, Serruya, S, Bataglia, V, Li, Z, Temmerman, M, and Guelmezoglu, AM
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To generate a global reference for caesarean section (CS) rates at health facilities. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Health facilities from 43 countries. POPULATION/SAMPLE: Thirty eight thousand three hundred and twenty-four women giving birth from 22 countries for model building and 10,045,875 women giving birth from 43 countries for model testing. METHODS: We hypothesised that mathematical models could determine the relationship between clinical-obstetric characteristics and CS. These models generated probabilities of CS that could be compared with the observed CS rates. We devised a three-step approach to generate the global benchmark of CS rates at health facilities: creation of a multi-country reference population, building mathematical models, and testing these models. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Area under the ROC curves, diagnostic odds ratio, expected CS rate, observed CS rate. RESULTS: According to the different versions of the model, areas under the ROC curves suggested a good discriminatory capacity of C-Model, with summary estimates ranging from 0.832 to 0.844. The C-Model was able to generate expected CS rates adjusted for the case-mix of the obstetric population. We have also prepared an e-calculator to facilitate use of C-Model (www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/maternal_perinatal_health/c-model/en/). CONCLUSIONS: This article describes the development of a global reference for CS rates. Based on maternal characteristics, this tool was able to generate an individualised expected CS rate for health facilities or groups of health facilities. With C-Model, obstetric teams, health system managers, health facilities, health insurance companies, and governments can produce a customised reference CS rate for assessing use (and overuse) of CS. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: The C-Model provides a customized benchmark for caesarean section rates in health facilities and systems.
Published: 2016

31. Searching for the definition of macrosomia through an outcome-based approach in low- and middle-income countries: a secondary analysis of the WHO Global Survey in Africa, Asia and Latin America

Author: Ye, J, Torloni, MR, Ota, E, Jayaratne, K, Pileggi-Castro, C, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Lumbiganon, P, Morisaki, N, Laopaiboon, M, Mori, R, Tuncalp, O, Fang, F, Yu, H, Souza, JP, Vogel, JP, Zhang, J, Ye, J, Torloni, MR, Ota, E, Jayaratne, K, Pileggi-Castro, C, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Lumbiganon, P, Morisaki, N, Laopaiboon, M, Mori, R, Tuncalp, O, Fang, F, Yu, H, Souza, JP, Vogel, JP, and Zhang, J
Abstract: BACKGROUND: No consensus definition of macrosomia currently exists among researchers and obstetricians. We aimed to identify a definition of macrosomia that is more predictive of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: We conducted a secondary data analysis using WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health data on Africa and Latin America from 2004 to 2005 and Asia from 2007 to 2008. We compared adverse outcomes, which were assessed by the composite maternal mortality and morbidity index (MMMI) and perinatal mortality and morbidity index (PMMI) in subgroups with birthweight (3000-3499 g [reference group], 3500-3999 g, 4000-4099 g, 4100-4199 g, 4200-4299 g, 4300-4399 g, 4400-4499 g, 4500-4999 g) or country-specific birthweight percentile for gestational age (50(th)-74(th) percentile [reference group], 75(th)-89(th), 90(th)-94(th), 95(th)-96(th), and ≥97(th) percentile). Two-level logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios of MMMI and PMMI. RESULTS: A total of 246,659 singleton term births from 363 facilities in 23 low- and middle-income countries were included. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for intrapartum caesarean sections exceeded 2.0 when birthweight was greater than 4000 g (2·00 [95% CI: 1·68, 2·39], 2·42 [95% CI: 2·02, 2·89], 2·01 [95% CI: 1·74, 2·33] in Africa, Asia and Latin America, respectively). aORs of MMMI reached 2.0 when birthweight was greater than 4000 g, 4500 g in Asia and Africa, respectively. aORs of PMMI approached to 2.0 (1·78 [95% CI: 1·16, 2·74]) when birthweight was greater than 4500 g in Latin America. When birthweight was at the 90(th) percentile or higher, aORs of MMMI and PMMI increased, but none exceeded 2.0. CONCLUSIONS: The population-specific definition of macrosomia using birthweight cut-off points irrespective of gestational age (4500 g in Africa and Latin America, 4000 g in Asia) is more predictive of maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes, and simpler to
Published: 2015

32. A global reference for caesarean section rates (C‐Model): a multicountry cross‐sectional study

Author: Souza, JP, primary, Betran, AP, additional, Dumont, A, additional, de Mucio, B, additional, Gibbs Pickens, CM, additional, Deneux‐Tharaux, C, additional, Ortiz‐Panozo, E, additional, Sullivan, E, additional, Ota, E, additional, Togoobaatar, G, additional, Carroli, G, additional, Knight, H, additional, Zhang, J, additional, Cecatti, JG, additional, Vogel, JP, additional, Jayaratne, K, additional, Leal, MC, additional, Gissler, M, additional, Morisaki, N, additional, Lack, N, additional, Oladapo, OT, additional, Tunçalp, Ö, additional, Lumbiganon, P, additional, Mori, R, additional, Quintana, S, additional, Costa Passos, AD, additional, Marcolin, AC, additional, Zongo, A, additional, Blondel, B, additional, Hernández, B, additional, Hogue, CJ, additional, Prunet, C, additional, Landman, C, additional, Ochir, C, additional, Cuesta, C, additional, Pileggi‐Castro, C, additional, Walker, D, additional, Alves, D, additional, Abalos, E, additional, Moises, ECD, additional, Vieira, EM, additional, Duarte, G, additional, Perdona, G, additional, Gurol‐Urganci, I, additional, Takahiko, K, additional, Moscovici, L, additional, Campodonico, L, additional, Oliveira‐Ciabati, L, additional, Laopaiboon, M, additional, Danansuriya, M, additional, Nakamura‐Pereira, M, additional, Costa, ML, additional, Torloni, MR, additional, Kramer, MR, additional, Borges, P, additional, Olkhanud, PB, additional, Pérez‐Cuevas, R, additional, Agampodi, SB, additional, Mittal, S, additional, Serruya, S, additional, Bataglia, V, additional, Li, Z, additional, Temmerman, M, additional, and Gülmezoglu, AM, additional
Published: 2015
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33. Maternal Complications and Perinatal Mortality

Author: Vogel, J.P., primary, Souza, J.P., additional, Mori, R., additional, Morisaki, N., additional, Lumbiganon, P., additional, Laopaiboon, M., additional, Ortiz-Panozo, E., additional, Hernandez, B., additional, Pérez-Cuevas, R., additional, Roy, M., additional, Mittal, S., additional, Cecatti, J.G., additional, Tunçalp, Ö., additional, and Gülmezoglu, A.M., additional
Published: 2015
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34. Risk Factors and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes among Term and Preterm Infants Born Small-for-Gestational-Age: Secondary Analyses of the WHO Multi-Country Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health

Author: Lambalk, CB, Ota, E, Ganchimeg, T, Morisaki, N, Vogel, JP, Pileggi, C, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Souza, JP, Mori, R, Lambalk, CB, Ota, E, Ganchimeg, T, Morisaki, N, Vogel, JP, Pileggi, C, Ortiz-Panozo, E, Souza, JP, and Mori, R
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Small for gestational age (SGA) is not only a major indicator of perinatal mortality and morbidity, but also the morbidity risks in later in life. We aim to estimate the association between the birth of SGA infants and the risk factors and adverse perinatal outcomes among twenty-nine countries in Africa, Latin America, the Middle East and Asia in 359 health facilities in 2010-11. METHODS: We analysed facility-based, cross-sectional data from the WHO Multi-country Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health. We constructed multilevel logistic regression models with random effects for facilities and countries to estimate the risk factors for SGA infants using country-specific birthweight reference standards in preterm and term delivery, and SGA's association with adverse perinatal outcomes. We compared the risks and adverse perinatal outcomes with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants categorized by preterm and term delivery. RESULTS: A total of 295,829 singleton infants delivered were analysed. The overall prevalence of SGA was highest in Cambodia (18.8%), Nepal (17.9%), the Occupied Palestinian Territory (16.1%), and Japan (16.0%), while the lowest was observed in Afghanistan (4.8%), Uganda (6.6%) and Thailand (9.7%). The risk of preterm SGA infants was significantly higher among nulliparous mothers and mothers with chronic hypertension and preeclampsia/eclampsia (aOR: 2.89; 95% CI: 2.55-3.28) compared with AGA infants. Higher risks of term SGA were observed among sociodemographic factors and women with preeclampsia/eclampsia, anaemia and other medical conditions. Multiparity (> = 3) (AOR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83-0.92) was a protective factor for term SGA. The risk of perinatal mortality was significantly higher in preterm SGA deliveries in low to high HDI countries. CONCLUSION: Preterm SGA is associated with medical conditions related to preeclampsia, but not with sociodemographic status. Term SGA is associated with sociodemographic status and various medi
Published: 2014

35. Moving Beyond Essential Interventions for Reduction of Maternal Mortality (the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health)

Author: Souza, J.P., primary, Gülmezoglu, A.M., additional, Vogel, J., additional, Carroli, G., additional, Lumbiganon, P., additional, Qureshi, Z., additional, Costa, M.J., additional, Fawole, B., additional, Mugerwa, Y., additional, Nafiou, I., additional, Neves, I., additional, Wolomby-Molondo, J.J., additional, Bang, H.T., additional, Cheang, K., additional, Chuyun, K., additional, Jayaratne, K., additional, Jayathilaka, C.A., additional, Mazhar, S.B., additional, Mori, R., additional, Mustafa, M.L., additional, Pathak, L.R., additional, Perera, D., additional, Rathavy, T., additional, Recidoro, Z., additional, Roy, M., additional, Ruyan, P., additional, Shrestha, N., additional, Taneepanichsku, S., additional, Tien, N.V., additional, Ganchimeg, T., additional, Wehbe, M., additional, Yadamsuren, B., additional, Yan, W., additional, Yunis, K., additional, Bataglia, V., additional, Cecatti, J.G., additional, Hernandez-Prado, B., additional, Nardin, J.M., additional, Narváez, A., additional, Ortiz-Panozo, E., additional, Pérez-Cuevas, R., additional, Valladares, E., additional, Zavaleta, N., additional, Armson, A., additional, Crowther, C., additional, Hogue, C., additional, Lindmark, G., additional, Mittal, S., additional, Pattinson, R., additional, Stanton, M.E., additional, Campodonico, L., additional, Cuesta, C., additional, Giordano, D., additional, Intarut, N., additional, Laopaiboon, M., additional, Bahl, R., additional, Martines, J., additional, Mathai, M., additional, Merialdi, M., additional, and Say, L., additional
Published: 2014
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36. Mapping disparities in education across low- and middle-income countries

Author: Lauren E. Schaeffer, Belay Tessema, Reza Malekzadeh, Olatunde Aremu, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Milena M Santric Milicevic, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Azeem Majeed, Badr Hasan Sobaih, Jalal Arabloo, Philimon Gona, Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri, Mostafa Qorbani, Fatemeh Rajati, Ipsita Sutradhar, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Babak Eshrati, Olufemi Ajumobi, Lauren Woyczynski, Parul Puri, Vinay Nangia, Guoqing Hu, Yousef Khader, Suzanne Barker-Collo, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Félix Carvalho, Yun Jin Kim, Moslem Soofi, Ali Bijani, Shanshan Li, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Arya Haj-Mirzaian, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Farnam Mohebi, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Kala M. Mehta, Simon I. Hay, Benjamin B. Massenburg, Sanjay Zodpey, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Bach Xuan Tran, George C Patton, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Engida Yisma, Vasily Vlassov, Samer Hamidi, Ghulam Mustafa, André Faro, Eduarda Fernandes, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Rajat Gupta, Shirin Djalalinia, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Juan Sanabria, Leonardo Roever, Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira, Samad Azari, Vahid Alipour, Gabrielle B. Britton, Luca Ronfani, Rosario Cárdenas, Maarten J. Postma, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Pn Sylaja, Brijesh Sathian, Paul S. F. Yip, Vegard Skirbekk, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Paramjit Gill, Walter Mendoza, Lorenzo Monasta, Dara K. Mohammad, Naznin Hossain, Dhirendra N Sinha, Ali H. Mokdad, Aziz Rezapour, Megan F. Schipp, Ziyad Al-Aly, Takeshi Fukumoto, Kebede Deribe, Paula Moraga, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Ai Koyanagi, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Cyrus Cooper, Ghobad Moradi, Ruth W Kimokoti, Swayam Prakash, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Amir Radfar, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Emmanuela Gakidou, Mahdi Afshari, Suleman Atique, Reza Majdzadeh, Kiomars Sharafi, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Foad Abd-Allah, Zahid A Butt, Beruk Berhanu Desalegn, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Marek Majdan, Yoshan Moodley, Jianrong Zhang, Farid Najafi, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Benn Sartorius, Amber Sligar, Nicole Davis Weaver, Naohiro Yonemoto, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Neeraj Bedi, Suraj Bhattarai, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Francisco Rogerlandio Martins-Melo, Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Bernardo Hernández Prado, Masood Ali Shaikh, Khalid A Altirkawi, Carlos Rios-Gonzalez, Claudiu Herteliu, Jason B. Hall, Irina Filip, Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi, Sojib Bin Zaman, Nathaniel J Henry, Eleonora Dubljanin, Jasvinder A. Singh, Pushpendra Kumar, Akram Pourshams, Jung-Chen Chang, Irfan Ullah, Lorainne Tudor Car, Franz Castro, George A. Mensah, Delia Hendrie, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Jaifred Christian F. Lopez, Laura Dwyer-Lindgren, Lee Ling Lim, Charles D.A. Wolfe, Adnan Kisa, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Alaa Badawi, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Tomohide Yamada, Gholamreza Roshandel, Jonathan F. Mosser, Jose A. Garcia, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Mohammadreza Amiresmaili, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Yuan-Pang Wang, Sebastian Vollmer, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Paul H. Lee, Michael Collison, Sanghamitra Pati, Aziz Sheikh, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Anthony Barnett, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Michael A. Cork, Meghnath Dhimal, Norberto Perico, Francesco Saverio Violante, Daniel N. Kiirithio, Ted R. Miller, Arundhati R. Sawant, Olalekan A. Uthman, Kewal Krishan, Ashish Awasthi, Anthony Masaka, Katherine F. Wilson, Padukudru Anand Mahesh, Roy Burstein, Amir Kasaeian, Yuming Guo, Peter Nyasulu, Chuanhua Yu, Pascual R. Valdez, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Vipin Gupta, Tomislav Mestrovic, Long Hoang Nguyen, Neda Izadi, Faris Lami, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Azin Nahvijou, Jun She, Christopher J L Murray, Krishna K. Aryal, Payman Salamati, Mona M. Khater, Rajeev Gupta, Robert Reiner, Mustafa Z. Younis, Ali Rostami, Duduzile Ndwandwe, Obinna Onwujekwe, Manasi Kumar, Nafis Sadat, Nahla Anber, Joan B. Soriano, Victor Adekanmbi, John C. Wilkinson, Babak Moazen, Andrew T Olagunju, Nicholas Graetz, Andualem Henok, Mina Anjomshoa, Boris Bikbov, Melaku Desta, Yahya Safari, Jan-Walter De Neve, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Mohammad Fareed, Ayman Grada, Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo, Rajesh Sharma, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Enrico Rubagotti, John S. Ji, Mika Shigematsu, Fakher Rahim, Randah R. Hamadeh, G. K. Mini, Yasir Waheed, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Yousef Veisani, Daniel Diaz, Adrian Pana, Salman Rawaf, Ehsan Sadeghi, Yahya Salimi, Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, David M. Pigott, Fares Alahdab, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Anbissa Muleta Senbeta, Tomi Akinyemiju, Damaris K. Kinyoki, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Ziad El-Khatib, Abdallah M. Samy, Roman Topor-Madry, Farah Daoud, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Aubrey J. Levine, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Ravi Prakash Jha, Mesfin Tadese Dinberu, Shafiu Mohammed, Simon Øverland, David Laith Rawaf, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Satar Rezaei, Oladimeji Adebayo, Nasir Salam, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Rajesh Sagar, Alex Yeshaneh, Michael K. Hole, Agus Sudaryanto, Yunquan Zhang, Mahbobeh Faramarzi, Natalia V. Bhattacharjee, Aniruddha Deshpande, Soewarta Kosen, Mahmoud Yousefifard, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mehedi Hasan, Shane D. Morrison, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Marcel Ausloos, Ionut Negoi, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde Rabanal, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Giang Thu Vu, Lucas Earl, Doris D. V. Ortega-Altamirano, Yu Liao, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Tanuj Kanchan, Chandrasekharan Nair Kesavachandran, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Lidia Morawska, Tiffany K. Gill, Manisha Dubey, David C. Schwebel, Jost B. Jonas, Ester Cerin, Mehran Alijanzadeh, Florian Fischer, Stefan Listl, Benjamin K. Mayala, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Soraya Siabani, Derrick A Bennett, Collaborators, Local Burden of Disease Educational Attainment, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clinicum, Helsinki University Hospital Area, University of Helsinki, Local Burden Dis Educ Attainment C, Graetz N., Woyczynski L., Wilson K.F., Hall J.B., Abate K.H., Abd-Allah F., Adebayo O.M., Adekanmbi V., Afshari M., Ajumobi O., Akinyemiju T., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Rabanal J.E.A., Alijanzadeh M., Alipour V., Altirkawi K., Amiresmaili M., Anber N.H., Andrei C.L., Anjomshoa M., Antonio C.A.T., Arabloo J., Aremu O., Aryal K.K., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Atique S., Ausloos M., Awasthi A., Quintanilla B.P.A., Azari S., Badawi A., Banoub J.A.M., Barker-Collo S.L., Barnett A., Bedi N., Bennett D.A., Bhattacharjee N.V., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Britton G., Burstein R., Butt Z.A., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Cerin E., Chang J.-C., Collison M.L., Cooper C., Cork M.A., Daoud F., Das Gupta R., Weaver N.D., De Neve J.-W., Deribe K., Desalegn B.B., Deshpande A., Desta M., Dhimal M., Diaz D., Dinberu M.T., Djalalinia S., Dubey M., Dubljanin E., Duraes A.R., Dwyer-Lindgren L., Earl L., Kalan M.E., El-Khatib Z., Eshrati B., Faramarzi M., Fareed M., Faro A., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Filip I., Fischer F., Fukumoto T., Garcia J.A., Gill P.S., Gill T.K., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Grada A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Gupta V., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Hasan M., Hassen H.Y., Hendrie D., Henok A., Henry N.J., Prado B.H., Herteliu C., Hole M.K., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hu G., Ilesanmi O.S., Irvani S.S.N., Islam S.M.S., Izadi N., Jakovljevic M., Jha R.P., Ji J.S., Jonas J.B., Shushtari Z.J., Jozwiak J.J., Kanchan T., Kasaeian A., Karyani A.K., Keiyoro P.N., Kesavachandran C.N., Khader Y.S., Khafaie M.A., Khan E.A., Khater M.M., Kiadaliri A.A., Kiirithio D.N., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kinyoki D.K., Kisa A., Kosen S., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Defo B.K., Kumar M., Kumar P., Lami F.H., Lee P.H., Levine A.J., Li S., Liao Y., Lim L.-L., Listl S., Lopez J.C.F., Majdan M., Majdzadeh R., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., Massenburg B.B., Mayala B.K., Mehta K.M., Mendoza W., Mensah G.A., Meretoja T.J., Mestrovic T., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirrakhimov E.M., Moazen B., Mohammad D.K., Darwesh A.M., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Monasta L., Moodley Y., Moosazadeh M., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moraga P., Morawska L., Morrison S.D., Mosser J.F., Mousavi S.M., Murray C.J.L., Mustafa G., Nahvijou A., Najafi F., Nangia V., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen L.H., Ningrum D.N.A., Noubiap J.J., Shiadeh M.N., Nyasulu P.S., Ogbo F.A., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortega-Altamirano D.D.V., Ortiz-Panozo E., Overland S., Mahesh P.A., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Pati S., Patton G.C., Perico N., Pigott D.M., Pirsaheb M., Postma M.J., Pourshams A., Prakash S., Puri P., Qorbani M., Radfar A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M.H.U., Rajati F., Ranabhat C.L., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Reiner R.C., Remuzzi G., Renzaho A.M.N., Rezaei S., Rezapour A., Rios-Gonzalez C., Roever L., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Rostami A., Rubagotti E., Sadat N., Sadeghi E., Safari Y., Sagar R., Salam N., Salamati P., Salimi Y., Salimzadeh H., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Santric Milicevic M.M., Sartorius B., Sathian B., Sawant A.R., Schaeffer L.E., Schipp M.F., Schwebel D.C., Senbeta A.M., Sepanlou S.G., Shaikh M.A., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsizadeh M., Sharafi K., Sharma R., She J., Sheikh A., Shigematsu M., Siabani S., Silveira D.G.A., Singh J.A., Sinha D.N., Skirbekk V., Sligar A., Sobaih B.H., Soofi M., Soriano J.B., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Sudaryanto A., Babale Sufiyan M., Sutradhar I., Sylaja P., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tadesse B.T., Temsah M.-H., Terkawi A.S., Tessema B., Tessema Z.T., Thankappan K.R., Topor-Madry R., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran B.X., Car L.T., Ullah I., Uthman O.A., Valdez P.R., Veisani Y., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vollmer S., Thu Vu G., Waheed Y., Wang Y.-P., Wilkinson J.C., Winkler A.S., Wolfe C.D.A., Yamada T., Yeshaneh A., Yip P., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefifard M., Yu C., Bin Zaman S., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zodpey S., Gakidou E., Hay S.I., Graetz, Nicholas, Woyczynski, Lauren, Wilson, Katherine F, Hall, Jason B, Yisma, Engida, Hay, Simon I, Local Burden of Disease Educational Attainment Collaborators, Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), and Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE)
Subjects: Male, ATTAINMENT, Health Status, Disease, education, low- and middle-income countries, 0302 clinical medicine, WORLD, gender, Global health, risk factors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aetiology, 10. No inequality, media_common, Developing world, Pediatric, Multidisciplinary, 1. No poverty, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Geography, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Female, HEALTH, developing world, social and economic factors, Engineering sciences. Technology, disparitie, AFRICA, medicine.medical_specialty, Inequality, General Science & Technology, media_common.quotation_subject, MODELS, Developing country, Local Burden of Disease Educational Attainment Collaborators, Article, Healthcare improvement science Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 18], Education, 03 medical and health sciences, 2.3 Psychological, medicine, Humans, Society, Social determinants of health, Developing Countries, Science & Technology, Equity (economics), MORTALITY, Public health, Bayes Theorem, Educational attainment, 3141 Health care science, society, Good Health and Well Being, Risk factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Demographic economics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Educational attainment is an important social determinant of maternal, newborn, and child health1–3. As a tool for promoting gender equity, it has gained increasing traction in popular media, international aid strategies, and global agenda-setting4–6. The global health agenda is increasingly focused on evidence of precision public health, which illustrates the subnational distribution of disease and illness7,8; however, an agenda focused on future equity must integrate comparable evidence on the distribution of social determinants of health9–11. Here we expand on the available precision SDG evidence by estimating the subnational distribution of educational attainment, including the proportions of individuals who have completed key levels of schooling, across all low- and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2017. Previous analyses have focused on geographical disparities in average attainment across Africa or for specific countries, but—to our knowledge—no analysis has examined the subnational proportions of individuals who completed specific levels of education across all low- and middle-income countries12–14. By geolocating subnational data for more than 184 million person-years across 528 data sources, we precisely identify inequalities across geography as well as within populations., Analyses of the proportions of individuals who have completed key levels of schooling across all low- and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2017 reveal inequalities across countries as well as within populations.
Published: 2020
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37. Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Lozano, Rafael, Fullman, Nancy, Abate, Degu, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdi, Alireza, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Nebiyu Dereje, Abebe, Zegeye, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, Abera, Semaw F, Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen Me, Abyu, Gebre Y, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Acharya, Pawan, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Adib, Mina G, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshari, Mahdi, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agius, Dominic, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Sayem, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akanda, Ali S, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Albujeer, Ammar, Alebel, Animut, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine A, Almasi, Ali, Al-Maskari, Fatma, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amenu, Kebede, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Anderson, Jason A, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Hossein, Ansariadi, Ansariadi, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Appiah, Lambert Tetteh, Aremu, Olatunde, Areri, Habtamu Abera, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Monika, Aryal, Krishna K, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Assadi, Reza, Ataro, Zerihun, Atique, Suleman, Atre, Sachin R, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Ayele, Yohanes, Ayer, Rakesh, Azarpazhooh, Mahmoud Reza, Azzopardi, Peter S, Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Amitava, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Banstola, Amrit, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H, Barthelemy, Celine M, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Battista, Robert J, Baune, Bernhard T, Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Aregawi Gebreyesus, Belay, Saba Abraham, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Abadi Kidanemariam, Berman, Adam E, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Beuran, Mircea, Beyranvand, Tina, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhansali, Anil, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Biehl, Molly H, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Birlik, Sait Mentes, Birungi, Charles, Bisanzio, Donal, Biswas, Tuhin, Bitew, Helen, Bizuneh, Hailemichael, Bjertness, Espen, Bobasa, Eshetu Mulisa, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Bozorgmehr, Kayvan, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Brainin, Michael, Brant, Luisa C, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Briant, Paul Svitil, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach, Bukhman, Gene, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Callender, Charlton SKH, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, Cano, Jorge, Car, Josip, Car, Mate, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan J, Carter, Austin, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Castro, Franz, Causey, Kate, Çavlin, Alanur, Cercy, Kelly M, Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Chalek, Julian, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chin, Ken Lee, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young J, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Claro, Rafael M, Claßen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne, Cohen, Aaron J, Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortinovis, Monica, Costa, Megan, Cousin, Ewerton, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Cunningham, Matthew, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dang, Anh Kim, Dargan, Paul I, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Siddharth K, Das Gupta, Rajat, das Neves, José, Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Davis, Adrian C, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davletov, Kairat, Dayama, Anand, de Courten, Barbora, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, De Steur, Hans, Degefa, Meaza Girma, Degenhardt, Louisa, Degfie, Tizta Tilahun, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demtsu, Balem, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dicker, Daniel, Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese, Ding, Eric L, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Douwes-Schultz, Dirk, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Duncan, Bruce B, Duraes, Andre R, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, Edvardsson, David, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, Eldrenkamp, Erika, El-Khatib, Ziad, Elyazar, Iqbal RF, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Estep, Kara, Fakhar, Mahdi, Fakhim, Hamed, Fanzo, Jessica, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farhadi, Farzaneh, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein, Farzam, Hossein, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fekadu, Wubalem, Feldman, Rachel, Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, Joao C, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Fijabi, Daniel Obadare, Filip, Irina, Finegold, Samuel, Finger, Jonas David, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A, Foreman, Kyle J, Frank, Tahvi D, Franklin, Richard Charles, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fukutaki, Kai, Fuller, John E, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, João M, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, 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Sarrafzadegan, N, Sartorius, B, Sarvi, S, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Savic, M, Sawant, Ar, Sawhney, M, Saxena, S, Saylan, M, Sayyah, M, Schaeffner, E, Schmidt, Mi, Schneider, Ijc, Schöttker, B, Schutte, Ae, Schwebel, Dc, Schwendicke, F, Seedat, S, Sekerija, M, Sepanlou, Sg, Serván-Mori, E, Seyedmousavi, S, Shabaninejad, H, Shackelford, Ka, Shafieesabet, A, Shaheen, Aa, Shaikh, Ma, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamsi, Mb, Shamsizadeh, M, Sharafi, H, Sharafi, K, Sharif, M, Sharif-Alhoseini, M, Sharma, J, Sharma, R, Sharma, Sk, She, J, Sheikh, A, Shey, M, Shi, P, Shibuya, K, Shields, C, Shifa, Gt, Shiferaw, M, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shirude, S, Shishani, K, Shiue, I, Shokraneh, F, Shoman, H, Shrime, Mg, Shukla, Sr, Si, S, Siabani, S, Sibai, Am, Siddiqi, Tj, Sigfusdottir, Id, Silpakit, N, Silva, Da, Silva, Jp, Silva, Ntd, Silveira, Dga, Singh, Ja, Singh, Np, Singh, Op, Singh, Pk, Singh, V, Sinha, Dn, Skiadaresi, E, Sliwa, K, Smith, Ae, Smith, M, Soares Filho, Am, Sobaih, Bh, Sobhani, 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Tc, Tsadik, Ag, Tudor Car, L, Tuzcu, Em, Tymeson, Hd, Ukwaja, Kn, Ullah, I, Updike, Rl, Usman, M, Uthman, Oa, Vaduganathan, M, Vaezi, A, Vaidya, G, Valdez, Pr, van Donkelaar, A, Varavikova, E, Vasankari, Tj, Venketasubramanian, N, Vidavalur, R, Villafaina, S, Violante, F, Vladimirov, Sk, Vlassov, V, Vollmer, S, Vollset, Se, Vos, T, Vosoughi, K, Vujcic, I, Wagner, Gr, Wagnew, F, Waheed, Y, Walson, Jl, Wang, Y, Wang, Yp, Wassie, Mm, Weiderpass, E, Weintraub, Rg, Weiss, J, Weldegebreal, F, Weldegwergs, Kg, Werdecker, A, Werkneh, Aa, West, Te, Westerman, R, Whisnant, Jl, Whiteford, Ha, Widecka, J, Widecka, K, Wijeratne, T, Wilner, Lb, Winkler, A, Wiyeh, Ab, Wiysonge, C, Wolde, Hf, Wolfe, Cda, Wu, S, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Xu, R, Yadollahpour, A, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Sh, Yakob, B, Yamada, T, Yan, Ll, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Yasin, Yj, Ye, P, Yearwood, Ja, Yeshaneh, A, Yimer, Em, Yip, P, Yirsaw, Bd, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Yonga, G, Yoon, Sj, Yotebieng, M, Younis, Mz, Yousefifard, M, Yu, C, Zaman, Sb, Zamani, M, Zare, Z, Zavala-Arciniega, L, Zegeye, Dt, Zegeye, Ea, Zeleke, Aj, Zendehdel, K, Zerfu, Ta, Zhang, Al, Zhang, X, Zhou, M, Zhu, J, Zimsen, Srm, Zodpey, S, Zoeckler, L, Zucker, I, Zuhlke, Ljj, Lim, S, and Murray, Cjl.
Subjects: GENDER-DIFFERENCES, SUICIDE, Medicine (all), Burden of Disease Study 2017, SDG, CONSUMPTION, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, GBD, Sustainable Development Goals, PREVENTION, ALCOHOL-USE, CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE, SMOKING PREVALENCE, General & Internal Medicine, factors risk, Medicine and Health Sciences, Human medicine, CESSATION, PERSPECTIVE, TRANSITION
Abstract: Background Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of "leaving no one behind", it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health -related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990-2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods We measured progress on 41 health-related S DG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the 2.5th percentile and 100 as the 97.5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59.4 (IQR 35.4-67.3), ranging from a low of 11.6 (95% uncertainty interval 9.6-14.0) to a high of 84.9 (83.1-86.7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attaimnent by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health -related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health -related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence -related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains curative interventions in the case of NCDs towards multisectoral, prevention -oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the S DGs. What is clear is that our actions or inaction today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Published: 2018

38. Fine particulate matter and intima media thickness: Role of endothelial function biomarkers.

Author: Torrico-Lavayen R, Posadas-Sánchez R, Osorio-Yáñez C, Sanchez-Guerra M, Texcalac-Sangrador JL, Ortiz-Panozo E, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A, Botello-Taboada V, Hernández-Rodríguez EA, Gutiérrez-Avila I, Vargas-Alarcón G, and Riojas-Rodríguez H
Abstract: Background: Ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis disease. We aimed to assess whether nitric oxide stable metabolites (NOx) and l-arginine mediate the association between PM 2.5 and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) increase., Methods: We selected 251 participants from the control group of GEA (Genetics of Atheroslerosis Disease Mexican) study (2008-2013) in Mexico City. Mediation models were carried out using pathway analyses, a special case of structural equation models., Results: The median concentration of PM 2.5 area under the curve (auc) was 25.2 µg/m 3 (interquartile range: 24.2-26.4 µg/m 3 ). Employing participants with observed values for both biomarkers (n = 117), the total effect of PM 2.5auc on mean cIMT at bilateral, right, and left was 19.27 µm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.77, 32.78; P value = 0.005), 12.69 µm (95% CI: 0.67, 24.71; P value = 0.039), and 25.86 µm (95% CI: 3.18, 48.53; P value = 0.025) per each 1 µg/m 3 increase of PM 2.5auc . The direct effect of PM 2.5auc (per 1 µg/m 3 increase) was 18.89 µm (95% CI: 5.37, 32.41; P value = 0.006) for bilateral, 13.65 µm (95% CI: 0.76, 26.55; P value = 0.038) for right, and 24.13 µm (95% CI: 3.22, 45.03; P value = 0.024) for left. The indirect effects of NOx and l-arginine were not statistically significant showing that endothelial function biomarkers did not mediate PM 2.5 and cIMT associations. Although l-arginine was not a mediator in the PM 2.5 and cIMT pathway, a decrease in l-arginine was significantly associated with PM 2.5auc ., Conclusions: In this study of adults from Mexico City, we found that PM 2.5 was associated with an increase in cIMT at bilateral, left, and right, and these associations were not mediated by endothelial function biomarkers (l-arginine and NOx)., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with regard to the content of this report., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The Environmental Epidemiology. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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39. The association of men's beverage intake with semen quality and assisted reproduction outcomes in patients undergoing fertility treatment.

Author: Salas-Huetos A, Mitsunami M, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Ortiz-Panozo E, Murphy MM, Souter I, and Chavarro JE
Abstract: Background: Although some studies have investigated the relationships between beverage intake and reproductive health these have generated conflicting results., Objectives: To evaluate the associations between men's beverage intake and semen quality parameters and couple outcomes of medically assisted reproduction., Material and Methods: The relationship between preconception beverage intake and semen quality was evaluated in 896 semen samples from 343 men. The relation between beverage intake and medically assisted reproduction outcomes (fertilization, implantation, clinical pregnancy, total/clinical pregnancy loss, and live birth) was evaluated in 296 men and their female partners who underwent 714 medically assisted reproduction cycles: 306 intrauterine insemination cycles and 408 in vitro fertilization. Intake of caffeinated, alcoholic, sugar-sweetened, and artificially sweetened beverages and sub-groups were considered as exposures., Results: Caffeinated, alcoholic, sugar-sweetened, and artificially sweetened beverage intake was not associated with semen quality parameters or with fertilization, implantation, clinical pregnancy, or live birth in couples undergoing medically assisted reproduction. When specific types of beverages were explored, there was an inverse association between a greater intake of coffee/tea with caffeine and lower live birth probabilities in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization cycles. The adjusted probabilities (95% confidence interval) of live birth in the lowest and highest tertiles of intake were 0.49 (0.38, 0.61) and 0.33 (0.24, 0.43) for coffee with caffeine, and 0.49 (0.33, 0.51) and 0.31 (0.22, 0.41) for tea with caffeine. A similar trend was detected with liquor intake and live birth probabilities: 0.45 (0.37, 0.53) and 0.32 (0.25, 0.41). We also found an association between a greater beer intake and higher live birth probabilities. The adjusted probabilities (95% confidence interval) in the lowest and highest quartile of intake were 0.32 (0.23, 0.42) and 0.51 (0.39, 0.62)., Conclusion: Male preconception intakes of coffee, tea, and liquor were inversely associated, whereas beer intake was positively associated with the probability of live birth during infertility treatment., (© 2024 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology.)
Published: 2024
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40. The association between breakfast frequency and diabetes incidence in middle-aged women: Results from the MTC study.

Author: Martínez CF, Stern D, Cortés-Valencia A, Ortiz-Panozo E, Mattei J, Campos H, Flores-Aldana M, Chávez-Cárdenas M, and Lajous M
Subjects: Humans, Female, Incidence, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Risk Assessment, Adult, Mexico epidemiology, Protective Factors, Age Factors, Feeding Behavior, School Teachers, Breakfast, Diabetes Mellitus epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus diagnosis
Abstract: Background and Aims: Breakfast consumption could have a synchronizer role in chronobiological functions. Across observational studies, the assessment of breakfast frequency consumption is heterogeneous, therefore consensus on the relation between of weekly frequency of breakfast consumption and the risk of diabetes is unclear. We examined the relation between weekly breakfast frequency consumption and the incidence of diabetes in middle-age women., Methods and Results: Since baseline (2006-2008) we prospectively followed 71,373 women from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort. Participants were classified according to breakfast consumption frequency of 0, 1-3, 4-6, or 7 days/week. Diabetes was identified by self-report and clinical-administrative databases. We used Cox proportional hazards multivariable models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for breakfast frequency and diabetes adjusting for covariates. Stratified analyses were performed for age, birth weight, ethnicity, and physical activity. We identified 3613 new diabetes cases between baseline and 2014. The prevalence of daily breakfast consumers was 25%. The median follow-up was 2.2 years, interquartile range 1.8-3.8 years. Relative to women who skipped breakfast, those who consumed breakfast every day had a 12% lower risk of diabetes (multivariable HR = 0.88; 95% CI 0.78, 0.99; p-trend = 0.0018). One additional day per week of breakfast was associated with a lower risk of diabetes (HR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.97, 0.99). In stratified analysis, the observed inverse relation appeared to be stronger in women aged ≥40 years and in indigenous women., Conclusions: Breakfast frequency was inversely associated with the incidence of diabetes independently of lifestyle factors. Regular breakfast consumption may be a potential component of diabetes prevention., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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41. Associations of salivary aldosterone levels during pregnancy with maternal blood pressure and birth weight-for-gestational age in a Mexico City birth cohort.

Author: Galván-Valencia O, Sanders AP, Ariza AC, Burris HH, Ortiz-Panozo E, Svensson K, Mercado-García A, Téllez-Rojo MM, Wright RO, and Tamayo-Ortiz M
Subjects: Humans, Female, Pregnancy, Mexico, Adult, Infant, Newborn, Linear Models, Young Adult, Cohort Studies, Aldosterone blood, Birth Weight, Saliva chemistry, Blood Pressure physiology, Gestational Age
Abstract: Objective: To determine associations of maternal salivary aldosterone with blood pressure (BP) in pregnancy and infant birth weight-for-gestational age (BWGA)., Methods: We measured maternal salivary aldosterone, BP and BWGA z-scores in 471 Mexico City pregnancy cohort participants and performed multivariable linear regression of BP and BWGA on log-aldosterone levels., Results: Log-aldosterone was positively associated with diastolic BP (β = 0.12 95% CI: 0.04, 0.21). There were no main effects of log-aldosterone on BWGA. However, we detected an interaction between log-aldosterone and BP in association with BWGA; higher log-aldosterone was associated with lower BWGA in the lowest (β = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.26, 0.02) and highest (β = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.29, 0.06) BP tertiles. In contrast, in the middle BP tertile the association was positive (β = 0.09, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.20), p for interaction = 0.03., Conclusion: Higher maternal salivary aldosterone is positively associated with diastolic BP and may affect fetal growth differently depending on concurrent maternal blood pressure., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)
Published: 2024
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42. Social determinants of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy trends in Mexican municipalities.

Author: Padilla-González E, Orzua-de la Fuente WM, Quezada-Sanchez AD, Doubova SV, and Ortiz-Panozo E
Subjects: Pregnancy, Female, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Longitudinal Studies, Social Determinants of Health, Cities, Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced epidemiology, Pre-Eclampsia epidemiology
Abstract: Objectives: To analyze the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) trends in the 2000-2020 period and its association with social determinants of health (SDH) in Mexican municipalities., Study Design: This was a retrospective longitudinal study analyzing data from routine information systems on 21,493,076 hospital discharges due to maternal causes and SDH data of 2,439-2,450 municipalities between 2000 and 2020., Main Outcomes Measures: We used joinpoint regression models to analyze HDP trends and hybrid negative binomial regression models to examine the association between SDH and HDP rates at intra- and inter-municipality levels., Results: HDP rate increased from 0.54 in 2000 to 2.42 cases per 100 live births in 2020 (annual average percent change of 7.7 %, 95 % CI 6.6-8.9). Municipalities with higher marginalization index had higher HDP rates (IRR 1.12, 95 % CI 1.01-1.24; 1.36, 95 % CI 1.25-1.47; 1.30, 95 % CI 1.23-1.37, and 1.06, 95 % CI 1.00-1.12, in 2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014, 2015-2020, respectively). Municipal increases in the percentage of population with high schooling were associated with decreases in HDP rates in 2000-2009. Meanwhile, the role of socioeconomic status at the state level was less consistent, yet the HDP rates were lower in most socially advantaged regions., Conclusion: During 21 years, HDP rates increased overall in Mexican municipalities, suggesting an increased maternal morbidity burden due to HDP. The association of municipal marginalization and socioeconomic level with HDP trends indicates a need to ensure equitable interventions to improve maternal health in Mexican municipalities., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Published: 2024
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43. Prepregnancy plant-based diets and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Author: Mitsunami M, Wang S, Soria-Contreras DC, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Ortiz-Panozo E, Stuart JJ, Souter I, Rich-Edwards JW, and Chavarro JE
Subjects: Adult, Pregnancy, Female, Humans, Prospective Studies, Diet, Plant-Based, Diet, Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced epidemiology, Pre-Eclampsia epidemiology
Abstract: Background: Plant-based diets have been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease in nonpregnant adults, but specific evidence for their effects on risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is scarce., Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prospective association between adherence to plant-based diets before pregnancy and the risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We hypothesized that women with higher adherence to plant-based diets would have a lower risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy., Study Design: We followed 11,459 parous women (16,780 singleton pregnancies) without chronic diseases, a history of preeclampsia, and cancers who participated in the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2009), which was a prospective cohort study. Diet was assessed every 4 years using a validated food frequency questionnaire from which we calculated the plant-based diet index (higher score indicates higher adherence) to evaluate the health associations of plant-based diets among participants while accounting for the quality of plant-based foods. Participants self-reported hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. We estimated the relative risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in relation to plant-based diet index adherence in quintiles using generalized estimating equations log-binomial regression while adjusting for potential confounders and accounting for repeated pregnancies for the same woman., Results: The mean (standard deviation) age at first in-study pregnancy was 35 (4) years. A total of 1033 cases of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including 482 cases of preeclampsia (2.9%) and 551 cases of gestational hypertension (3.3%) were reported. Women in the highest quintile of plant-based diet index were significantly associated with a lower risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy than women in the lowest quintile (relative risk, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-0.93). There was an inverse dose-response relationship between plant-based diet index and risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The multivariable-adjusted relative risk (95% confidence interval) of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy for women in increasing quintiles of plant-based diet index were 1 (ref), 0.93 (0.78-1.12), 0.86 (0.72-1.03), 0.84 (0.69-1.03), and 0.76 (0.62-0.93) with a significant linear trend across quintiles (P trend=.005). This association was slightly stronger for gestational hypertension (relative risk, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.60-0.99) than for preeclampsia (relative risk, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.61-1.04). Mediation analysis suggested that body mass index evaluation for dietary assessment and pregnancy explained 39% (95% confidence interval, 15%-70%]) of the relation between plant-based diet index and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and 48% (95% confidence interval, 12%-86%]) of the relation between plant-based diet index and gestational hypertension., Conclusion: Higher adherence to plant-based diets was associated with a lower risk of developing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Much of the benefit seems to be related to improved weight control., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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44. Prepregnancy Healthy Lifestyle and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.

Author: Wang S, Mitsunami M, Ortiz-Panozo E, Leung CW, Manson JE, Rich-Edwards JW, and Chvarro JE
Subjects: Pregnancy, Female, Infant, Newborn, Humans, Adult, Pregnancy Outcome, Risk Factors, Healthy Lifestyle, Diabetes, Gestational, Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced epidemiology, Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced prevention & control, Premature Birth epidemiology, Premature Birth prevention & control
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the association of healthy lifestyle factors before pregnancy (body mass index [BMI] 18.5-24.9, nonsmoking, 150 min/wk or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, healthy eating [top 40% of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score], no or low-to-moderate alcohol intake [less than 15 g/d], and use of multivitamins) with risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes., Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data for women without chronic diseases who are participating in an ongoing cohort in the United States (the NHSII [Nurses' Health Study II]). Healthy lifestyle factors preceding pregnancy were prospectively assessed every 2-4 years from 1991 to 2009 with validated measures. Reproductive history was self-reported in 2001 and 2009. A composite outcome of adverse pregnancy outcomes that included miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm birth, stillbirth, or low birth weight was assessed., Results: Overall, 15,509 women with 27,135 pregnancies were included. The mean maternal age was 35.1±4.2 years. Approximately one in three pregnancies (n=9,702, 35.8%) was complicated by one or more adverse pregnancy outcomes. The combination of six low-risk factors was inversely associated with risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in a dose-dependent manner ( P for trend <.001). Compared with women who had zero or one healthy lifestyle factor, those with six had a 37% lower risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (relative risk 0.63, 95% CI 0.55-0.72), driven primarily by lower risks of gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, and low birth weight. All prepregnancy healthy lifestyle factors, except avoiding harmful alcohol consumption and regular physical activity, were independently associated with lower risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes after mutual adjustment for each other. Healthy BMI, high-quality diet, and multivitamin supplementation showed the strongest inverse associations with adverse pregnancy outcomes. If the observed relationships were causal, 19% of adverse pregnancy outcomes could have been prevented by the adoption of all six healthy lifestyle factors (population attributable risk 19%, 95% CI 13-26%)., Conclusion: Prepregnancy healthy lifestyle is associated with a substantially lower risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and could be an effective intervention for the prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes., Competing Interests: Financial Disclosure Makiko Mitsunami disclosed receiving payment from the Global Scholarship Rotary Foundation. Dr. Mitsunami's institution a grant for soy products research from the Fuji Protein for Research Foundation. The other authors did not report any potential conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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45. Longitudinal patterns of breastfeeding and its association with adiposity and subjective indicators of satiety/appetite in the first 2 years of life.

Author: Ramírez-Silva I, Ariza AC, Barragán-Vázquez S, Mendoza Jiménez M, Ortiz-Panozo E, Batis C, Burguete-García A, Ávila-Jimenez L, Zambrano E, and Rivera JA
Abstract: Evidence about the association between breastfeeding and its duration with growth, appetite and satiety indicators, and adiposity in low and middle-income countries facing nutritional transition is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between longitudinal patterns of breastfeeding (exclusive [EBF] and continued [CBF]) with adiposity and growth, and the mediating role of appetite and satiety indicators in these associations in Mexican children during the first 2 years of life. Information from 378 mother-child pairs from the MAS-Lactancia birth cohort was analysed. Information was collected at birth and at months 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 of life. Duration of EBF and CBF was computed. Linear mixed models were used to assess the association of EBF and CBF with growth and adiposity. Path analysis was used for mediation analysis. Compared with the reference group (EBF duration <1 month), males with >3 to ≤6 months of EBF had less abdominal circumference (β = -0.66, p = 0.05), Z-score weight-for-length (β = -0.17, p = 0.19) and length-for-age (β = -0.49, p < 0.01). Participants without CBF beyond 6 months had higher BMI Z-score (β = 0.19, p < 0.01), abdominal circumference (β = 0.62, p < 0.01) and skinfold sum (β = 0.80, p = 0.09), and o difference in length-for-age. For EBF, mediation was confirmed for satiety responsiveness on the association with BMI Z-Score, for food fussiness for the association with abdominal circumference and length-for-age Z-score, and enjoyment of food on the association with length-for-age Z-score. For CBF, mediation was confirmed for food fussiness in the association with length-for-age. This study suggests that a longer exposure to EBF and CBF is associated with lower adiposity in children under 2 years of age, and that this association could be partially mediated by appetite and satiety indicators., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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46. Public support for food policies in Mexican adults: Findings from the International Food Policy Study, 2017-2021.

Author: Quevedo KL, Jáuregui A, Nieto C, Ortiz-Panozo E, Contreras-Manzano A, Barquera S, Vanderlee L, White CM, and Hammond D
Subjects: Humans, Mexico, Female, Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adult, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Nutrition Policy, Public Opinion
Abstract: Deaths attributable to unhealthful eating underscore the need to improve dietary patterns through upstream, policy-led solutions. The approval and successful implementation of food policies is partly determined by their public acceptance. Little is known about public support for food policies in Mexico. We aimed to investigate the level of public support for 30 food policies, grouped into 5 domains, and their associated characteristics among Mexican adults. Data are from the 2017-2021 International Food Policy Study (IFPS), a cross-sectional web-based survey of adults. Differences in public support across years were estimated using linear regression models. The association between demographic characteristics and policy support was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. The highest mean support was for the subsidies and benefits domain, followed by the labelling and reformulation domain. The level of support varied across years and policy domains. Support was higher in 2019 compared to 2017 and 2018, and subsequently lower in 2020 and 2021 compared to previous years. Older age was associated with greater support across all domains (OR ranged from 0.002 to 0.004, p < 0.01). Female participants and those selfidentifying as indigenous showed greater support for certain policy domains, whereas higher income adequacy was associated with lower support for other policy domains. In Mexico, support for food policies varies across subpopulations. Our findings may serve as a guide to the development and promotion of food policies in Mexico, as well as to improve their feasibility and success., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest David Hammond has provided paid expert testimony on behalf of public health authorities in response to legal claims from the food and beverage industry. All remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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47. Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and carotid intima media thickness at bilateral, left and right in adults from Mexico City: Results from GEA study.

Author: Torrico-Lavayen R, Vargas-Alarcón G, Riojas-Rodriguez H, Sánchez-Guerra M, Texcalac-Sangrador JL, Ortiz-Panozo E, Gutiérrez-Avila I, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A, Cardenas A, Posadas-Sánchez R, and Osorio-Yáñez C
Subjects: Adult, Humans, Air Pollutants, Atherosclerosis epidemiology, Body Mass Index, Mexico epidemiology, Particulate Matter, Air Pollution statistics & numerical data, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Environmental Exposure statistics & numerical data
Abstract: Background: PM 2.5 exposure has been associated with intima-media thickness (cIMT) increase. However, very few studies distinguished between left and right cIMT in relation to PM 2.5 exposure., Aim: To evaluate associations between chronic exposure to PM 2.5 and cIMT at bilateral, left, and right in adults from Mexico City., Methods: This study comprised 913 participants from the control group, participants without personal or family history of cardiovascular disease, of the Genetics of Atherosclerosis Disease Mexican study (GEA acronym in Spanish), recruited at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez from June 2008 to January 2013. To assess the associations between chronic exposure to PM 2.5 (per 5 μg/m 3 increase) at different lag years (1-4 years) and cIMT (bilateral, left, and right) we applied distributed lag non-linear models (DLNMs)., Results: The median and interquartile range for cIMT at bilateral, left, and right, were 630 (555, 735), 640 (550, 750), and 620 (530, 720) μm, respectively. Annual average PM 2.5 exposure was 26.64 μg/m 3 , with median and IQR, of 24.46 (23.5-25.46) μg/m 3 . Results from DLNMs adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, low-density lipoproteins, and glucose, showed that PM 2.5 exposure for year 1 and 2, were positively and significantly associated with right-cIMT [6.99% (95% CI: 3.67; 10.42) and 2.98% (0.03; 6.01), respectively]. Negative associations were observed for PM 2.5 at year 3 and 4 and right-cIMT; however only year 3 was statistically significant [-2.83% (95% CI: 5.12; -0.50)]. Left-cIMT was not associated with PM 2.5 exposure at any lag year. The increase in bilateral cIMT followed a similar pattern as that observed for right-cIMT, but with lower estimates., Conclusions: Our results suggest different susceptibility between left and right cIMT associated with PM 2.5 exposure highlighting the need of measuring both, left and right cIMT, regarding ambient air pollution in epidemiological studies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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48. Mediation Analysis of Waist Circumference in the Association of Gut Microbiota with Insulin Resistance in Children.

Author: Ayala-García JC, Díaz-Benítez CE, Lagunas-Martínez A, Orbe-Orihuela YC, Castañeda-Márquez AC, Ortiz-Panozo E, Bermúdez-Morales VH, Cruz M, and Burguete-García AI
Abstract: Background: Persistent gut microbiota (GM) imbalance has been associated with metabolic disease development. This study evaluated the mediating role of waist circumference in the association between GM and insulin resistance (IR) in children., Methods: This cross-sectional study included 533 children aged between 6 and 12. The anthropometry, metabolic markers, and relative abundance (RA) of five intestinal bacterial species were measured. Path coefficients were estimated using path analysis to assess direct, indirect (mediated by waist circumference), and total effects on the association between GM and IR., Results: The results indicated a positive association mediated by waist circumference between the medium and high RA of S. aureus with homeostatic model assessments for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and for insulin resistance adiponectin-corrected (HOMA-AD). We found a negative association mediated by waist circumference between the low and medium RA of A. muciniphila and HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD. Finally, when we evaluated the joint effect of S. aureus , L. casei , and A. muciniphila , we found a waist circumference-mediated negative association with HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD., Conclusions: Waist circumference is a crucial mediator in the association between S. aureus and A. muciniphila RA and changes in HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD scores in children.
Published: 2023
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49. Digital food and beverage marketing appealing to children and adolescents: An emerging challenge in Mexico.

Author: Nieto C, Espinosa F, Valero-Morales I, Boyland E, Potvin Kent M, Tatlow-Golden M, Ortiz-Panozo E, and Barquera S
Subjects: Child, Adolescent, Humans, Mexico epidemiology, Food Industry, Communicable Disease Control, Beverages, Marketing, Food, Internet, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control
Abstract: Background: Digital food marketing is increasing and has an impact on children's behaviour. Limited research has been performed in Latin America., Objectives: To determine the extent and nature of Mexican children's and adolescents' exposure to digital food and beverage marketing during recreational internet use., Methods: A crowdsourcing strategy was used to recruit 347 participants during the COVID-19 lockdown. Participants completed a survey and recorded 45 minutes of their device's screen time using screen-capture software. Food marketing was identified and nutrition information for each marketed product was collected. Healthfulness of products was determined using the Pan-American Health Organization and the Mexican Nutrient Profile Model (NPM). A content analysis was undertaken to assess marketing techniques., Results: Overall, 69.5% of children and adolescents were exposed to digital food marketing. Most frequently marketed foods were ready-made foods. Children and adolescents would typically see a median of 2.7 food marketing exposures per hour, 8 daily exposures during a weekday and 6.7 during a weekend day. We estimated 47.3 food marketing exposures per week (2461 per year). The most used marketing technique was brand characters. Marketing was appealing to children and adolescents yet most of the products were not permitted for marketing to children according to the NPMs (>90%)., Conclusions: Mexican children and adolescents were exposed to unhealthy digital food marketing. The Government should enforce evidence-based mandatory regulations on digital media., (© 2023 The Authors. Pediatric Obesity published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation.)
Published: 2023
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50. Prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus in Mexico, 2010-2017: analysis of 2.7 million women.

Author: Hurtado-Salgado E, Ortiz-Panozo E, Salmerón J, Luna-Gordillo R, Allen-Leigh B, Saavedra-Lara N, Franco EL, and Lazcano-Ponce E
Subjects: Female, Humans, Human Papillomavirus Viruses, Prevalence, Mexico epidemiology, Early Detection of Cancer methods, Genotype, Papillomaviridae, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms diagnosis, Papillomavirus Infections prevention & control
Abstract: Purpose: Prevalence of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection varies greatly. Data on distribution of hrHPV infection constitute important evidence for decision-making when implementing HPV testing into cervical cancer screening programs. We estimate the prevalence of cervical hrHPV infection in a large sample of women in a middle-income country and explore variation by age, community marginalization and region in women using public cervical cancer screening services., Methods: Records covering 2010-2017 from a registry of hrHPV test results (Hybrid Capture 2 and polymerase chain reaction) in 2,737,022 women 35-64 years were analyzed. In this observational study, 32 states were categorized into five geographical regions and classified by degree of marginalization. We stratified by test type and estimated crude and adjusted prevalence and rate ratios and used Poisson models and joinpoint regression analysis., Results: Prevalence was higher in women 35-39 years, at 10.4% (95% CI 10.3-10.5) and women 60-64 years, at 10.1% (95% CI 10.0-10.3). Prevalence was higher in the southeast, at 10.5% (95% CI 10.4-10.6). Women living in less marginalized areas had a significantly higher prevalence, at 10.3% (95% CI 10.2-10.4) compared to those in highly marginalized areas, at 8.7% (95% CI 8.5-8.7). HPV16 infection was detected in 0.92% (2,293/23,854) of women and HPV18 infection was detected in 0.39% (978/23,854) of women., Conclusion: Understanding the distribution of HPV prevalence has value as evidence for developing policy in order to improve cervical cancer screening strategies. These results will constitute evidence to allow decision makers to better choose where to focus those resources that they do have., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
Published: 2023
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