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Personal mobility devises become more and more popular last years. Gyroscooters, two wheeled self-balancing vehicles, wheelchair, bikes, and scooters help people to solve the first and last mile problems in big cities. To help people with navigation and to increase their safety the intelligent rider assistant systems can be utilized that are used the rider personal smartphone to form the context and provide the rider with the recommendations. We understand the context as any information that characterize current situation. So, the context represents the model of current situation. We assume that rider mounts personal smartphone that allows it to track the rider face using the front-facing camera. Modern smartphones allow to track current situation using such sensors as: GPS / GLONASS, accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, microphone, and video cameras. The proposed rider assistant system uses these sensors to capture the context information about the rider and the vehicle and generates context-oriented recommendations. The proposed system is aimed at dangerous situation detection for the rider, we are considering two dangerous situations: drowsiness and distraction. Using the computer vision methods, we determine parameters of the rider face (eyes, nose, mouth, head pith and rotation angles) and based on analysis of this parameters detect the dangerous situations. The paper presents a comprehensive related work analysis in the topic of intelligent driver assistant systems and recommendation generation, an approach to dangerous situation detection and recommendation generation is proposed, and evaluation of the distraction dangerous state determination for personal mobility device riders.

Background Clinical observations have shown that there is a relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood; however, knowledge about the time course of the changes in atypical lymphocytes and the association with the clinical course of COVID-19 is limited. Objective Our purposes were to investigate the dynamics of atypical lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients and to estimate their clinical significance for diagnosis and monitoring disease course. Materials and methods We retrospectively identified 98 inpatients in a general ward at Kashiwa Municipal Hospital from May 1st, 2020, to October 31st, 2020. We extracted data on patient demographics, symptoms, comorbidities, blood test results, radiographic findings, treatment after admission and clinical course. We compared clinical findings between patients with and without atypical lymphocytes, investigated the behavior of atypical lymphocytes throughout the clinical course of COVID-19, and determined the relationships among the development of pneumonia, the use of supplemental oxygen and the presence of atypical lymphocytes. Results Patients with atypical lymphocytes had a significantly higher prevalence of pneumonia (80.4% vs. 42.6%, p < 0.0001) and the use of supplemental oxygen (25.5% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.0042). The median time to the appearance of atypical lymphocytes after disease onset was eight days, and atypical lymphocytes were observed in 16/98 (16.3%) patients at the first visit. Atypical lymphocytes appeared after the confirmation of lung infiltrates in 31/41 (75.6%) patients. Of the 13 oxygen-treated patients with atypical lymphocytes, approximately two-thirds had a stable or improved clinical course after the appearance of atypical lymphocytes. Conclusion Atypical lymphocytes frequently appeared in the peripheral blood of COVID-19 patients one week after disease onset. Patients with atypical lymphocytes were more likely to have pneumonia and to need supplemental oxygen; however, two-thirds of them showed clinical improvement after the appearance of atypical lymphocytes.

To significantly reduce the occurrence of severe traffic accidents, reducing the number of vehicles in urban areas should be considered. Personal mobility is essential for realizing this reduction, which requires consideration of the last-/first-mile problem. The overall objective of our research is to solve this problem using standing-type personal mobility vehicles as transportation devices; however, to evaluate the feasibility of such vehicles as future mobility devices, it is necessary to evaluate their operation under real-world conditions. Therefore, in this study, experimental and survey data relating to the velocity, stability, safety, and comfort of a standing-type personal mobility device are obtained to evaluate its performance in three different scenarios. The results show that the personal mobility vehicle is socially well received and can be safely operated on sidewalks, irrespective of the gender or age of the driver; moreover, the results suggest that subjects who routinely use a bicycle are adept at avoiding and absorbing the impacts of small holes and bumps, thereby yielding reduced acceleration values (in all directions) and pitch, roll, and yaw rates. This is anticipated to benefit the future development of personal mobility devices and help realize effective and accessible public transport systems, as well as reduce the number of vehicles in urban areas.

Today's personal mobility vehicles have been considered as a solution for solving the last/first mile problem of a rider in big cities. It is important to investigate the rider factors, rider behavior, and rider-machine interface while using personal mobility vehicles in order to propose useful and safe personal mobility systems (including vehicles and software for the rider assistance). These factors can be evaluated using a simulator that attains realistic environments. The paper presents use cases for the rider assistant using a personal mobile application and their evaluation using the developed travelling simulator. The mobile application for the rider assistant is generated recommendations for the rider based on detected dangerous situation during the riding to prevent an accident. Dangerous situations detection is based on images analysis of the rider face taken from the front camera of the rider's mobile device mounted in the personal mobility vehicle.

This study considers sharing of standing-type personal mobility devices. Such devices offer various advantages as a means of transportation, but they have been used only slightly for this purpose to date. Their cost makes sharing such devices more attractive than owning them. Sharing personal mobility devices is expected to introduce beneficial social influences such as a modal shift. For this study, we conducted small-scale experiments to assess their feasibility. Then we considered larger cases in simulations. The experiments employ four sharing stations and four personal mobility devices by more than 60 registered users. Larger scale simulations are based on a multi-agent model, presenting results for its usage compared with other means of transportation. Such a simulation is expected to provide a basis for future demand prediction and planning of personal mobility sharing.

In this paper, we propose a self-balancing personal mobility vehicle with a hybrid driving mechanism, called as Wi-PMP, and discuss its features from the perspectives of its power-assist driving performance and a rider's evaluation. The mobility vehicle consists of a wheeled inverted pendulum type mobile platform, and a hybrid driving mechanism that can use human and motor power together for driving. By performing a bump driving, a slope driving, and a outdoor driving experiment, we confirm that the proposed hybrid mechanism is valid for the integration of human and motor power, and is effective to increase the driving power and reduce electrical load on motors and batteries. We conducted several experiments to investigate the rider's evaluation on a sit-riding method compared to a stand-riding one. The questionnaire results showed that a rider felt more comfortable in the case of the sit-riding method when getting on and off, and when driving the mobility vehicle. This implies that riding-type self-balancing vehicles such as Wi-PMP have the potential to become familiar personal mobility vehicles in daily life.