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In 1975-76 a one-year longitudinal study of the delivery of primary care services was carried out at all ambulatory institutional facilities in Durham County, North Carolina and in 47 of 50 community private practices covering the broad fields of surgery (including urology and orthopedics), medicine, pediatrics, and ob/gyn. The present paper focuses on the private and public clinics of Duke University Medical Center. Data were analyzed to document differentials in sociodemographic characteristics of patients attending these two systems of care. Results showed that patients attending the private clinics are predominantly white and covered by private insurance, while patients attending the public clinics are predominantly black and heavily dependent on Medicaid coverage. The potentially detrimental effects of a two-class system of care on the health of patients, as well as on the education of students, is discussed in the context of a scant medical literature on this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]