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PURPOSEBreast cancer (BC) is the most frequent neoplasm in women in Colombia and is associated with a higher mortality rate than in other countries and regions. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has become a standard treatment in locally advanced BC and provides an opportunity to improve clinical outcomes in BC. This study aims to describe characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes after NACT in a cohort of Colombian patients with BC.METHODSWe performed a retrospective cohort study. We included adult patients with BC treated with NACT. Clinical charts were retrospectively reviewed. Descriptive statistics and time to event for overall survival analyses were performed. Recursive partitioning was performed for survival curves to assess the complex relationship between survival times and other variables.RESULTSThree hundred and fourteen patients were included for analysis. The pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (ypCR) rate was 34.4%, with a higher ypCR in triple-negative BC (TNBC; 46.9%) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive BC (72.7%). Those who did not achieve ypCR had a higher percentage of death and relapse. The median follow-up was 4.9 years, with an 88.2% 5-year overall survival (OS).CONCLUSIONA total of 62.6% of the total patients identified were not treated with NACT, indicating a low utilization. Our global ypCR rate was higher when compared with similar studies in Colombia, likely because of differences in the NACT treatment regimens. ypCR was only associated with OS in the TNBC subgroup, emphasizing the importance of pursuing ypCR in these patients. We consider the use of NACT a valuable opportunity to implement innovative treatment approaches that improve outcomes in Colombian patients with BC.

Las tablas de composición de alimentos se vuelven obsoletas debido a las nuevas prácticas de producción, las investigaciones genéticas de las plantas, los cambios en los métodos analíticos y la caracterización e introducción de nuevos alimentos. Por ello, es necesario actualizar las tablas cubanas existentes. Objetivo. Implementar un procedimiento que posibilite procesar datos sobre los alimentos, provenientes de la literatura, con el interés de elaborar tablas confiables de composición nutritiva de los alimentos para animales rumiantes. Materiales y Métodos: Se utilizó el software AliCuba para generar tablas de composición nutritiva de los alimentos para el ganado, a partir de la recopilación y procesamiento de resultados de las investigaciones publicadas en diversas fuentes bibliográficas. Se estableció un procedimiento que norma las etapas a transitar, con el auxilio de este software, para obtener tablas confiables de composición nutritiva de los alimentos. Para determinar los datos atípicos se emplearon técnicas univariantes. Los valores ausentes se estimaron a través de ecuaciones. Se aplicó un remuestreo bootstrap con un intervalo de confianza de tipo percentil. Se validó el procedimiento con las informaciones referentes al Megathyrsus maximus cv. Likoni (hojas y tallos, fresco, región occidental, sin precisar época del año, ni el riego, con fertilización y de 30 a 60 días de edad). Resultados: El procedimiento implementado siguiendo sus diferentes etapas, resultó adecuado para identificar y ajustar las anomalías de la base de datos, como errores de entrada de datos, unidades de medida incorrectas, errores analíticos, identificación errónea de alimentos, etc., evidenciándose su validez para asegurar la calidad de la información. Conclusión: Se implementó un procedimiento que permite perfeccionar el proceso de elaboración de las tablas de composición nutritiva de los alimentos para los animales rumiantes. Palabras claves: base de datos, distribución normal, ganado, intervalos de confianza, software (Fuente: DeCS)

Abstract Given the barriers to early detection of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), this study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based prediction model for GDM in pregnant Mexican women. Data were retrieved from 1709 pregnant women who participated in the multicenter prospective cohort study ‘Cuido mi embarazo’. A machine-learning-driven method was used to select the best predictive variables for GDM risk: age, family history of type 2 diabetes, previous diagnosis of hypertension, pregestational body mass index, gestational week, parity, birth weight of last child, and random capillary glucose. An artificial neural network approach was then used to build the model, which achieved a high level of accuracy (70.3%) and sensitivity (83.3%) for identifying women at high risk of developing GDM. This AI-based model will be applied throughout Mexico to improve the timing and quality of GDM interventions. Given the ease of obtaining the model variables, this model is expected to be clinically strategic, allowing prioritization of preventative treatment and promising a paradigm shift in prevention and primary healthcare during pregnancy. This AI model uses variables that are easily collected to identify pregnant women at risk of developing GDM with a high level of accuracy and precision.

Abstract The ability to cross data from multiple sources represents a competitive advantage for organizations. Yet, the governance of the data lifecycle, from the data sources into valuable insights, is largely performed in an ad-hoc or manual manner. This is specifically concerning in scenarios where tens or hundreds of continuously evolving data sources produce semi-structured data. To overcome this challenge, we develop a framework for operationalizing and automating data governance. For the first, we propose a zoned data lake architecture and a set of data governance processes that allow the systematic ingestion, transformation and integration of data from heterogeneous sources, in order to make them readily available for business users. For the second, we propose a set of metadata artifacts that allow the automatic execution of data governance processes, addressing a wide range of data management challenges. We showcase the usefulness of the proposed approach using a real world use case, stemming from the collaborative project with the World Health Organization for the management and analysis of data about Neglected Tropical Diseases. Overall, this work contributes on facilitating organizations the adoption of data-driven strategies into a cohesive framework operationalizing and automating data governance.

Hace 60 años Rachel Carson publicó su libro Primavera Silenciosa, que cambió para siempre la percepción de los efectos que los plaguicidas tienen sobre el ambiente y la salud humana. A pesar de los cambios generados y la prohibición del DDT, hoy en día los principales productores agrícolas mundiales los siguen usando. En este trabajo queremos establecer la situación en la que se encuentra Latinoamérica en relación con el uso de estos productos, enfocados en los insecticidas por el papel que tienen en la pérdida de diversidad entomológica. Los resultados muestran que en la mayoría de los países de Latinoamérica se ha presentado un aumento en el uso de insecticidas agrícolas desde 1990, especialmente en Brasil, Ecuador y México. Paradójicamente, Brasil es el país con el mayor número de principios activos con función insecticida prohibidos de toda la región, mientras que Bolivia y Guatemala apenas tienen unos pocos productos calificados como No consentimiento para importación. Aunque una alternativa que va ganando cada vez más terreno en Latinoamérica es la agricultura orgánica, concentrada en Argentina, Uruguay y Brasil, esta está principalmente destinada a la exportación, y en los últimos años dicha producción se ha estancado. Es necesario establecer políticas más firmes y sólidas que permitan el desarrollo de la agricultura en Latinoamérica sin poner en riesgo la diversidad entomológica y la salud humana.

The Middle Magdalena Valley Basin (MMVB) in Colombia has a long history of conventional hydrocarbon exploration and production, with a cumulative production of 2.75 billion barrels of oil as of December 2021. Recent interest has been directed towards unconventional hydrocarbon plays within the basin due to the fine-grained nature of its Cretaceous source rocks and their mineralogy and mechanical properties. This study presents a three-dimensional basin model for three Upper Cretaceous source rocks, known as the “La Luna Formation,” within the MMVB. The model was developed using new data from five outcrops, 7,640 km of 2D seismic lines, and forty-one boreholes, as well as additional data sets such as X-ray diffraction analyses, pyrolysis analyses, well-log correlations, facies analysis, fracture pattern prediction, pore pressure analysis, heat flow estimations, and petrophysical data. The model estimates total retained oil and gas volumes to be 7.95 billion barrels and 4.21 trillion cubic feet in most probable scenarios, after a 15% recovery factor. Seismic interpretation reveals pre-Eocene structures beneath Paleogene and Neogene sediments, and the thickness variation of the source rocks from south to north of the basin. Petrophysical modeling shows effective porosities ranging from 2%–12% and organic porosities lower than 0.1%, with parts of the succession that might correspond to a carrier bed play. From a geomechanical perspective, we identified several brittle strata based on the higher concentrations of carbonates and quartz, and the areas with a higher probability of occurrence of natural fractures. Pore pressure analysis of multiple wells shows that wells in which the Middle Eocene unconformity has beveled the source rocks have no sealing capacity, becoming a risk for the play. The results suggest potential for unconventional hydrocarbon plays in the MMVB, with sweet spot areas being primarily controlled by porosity, thermal maturity, gas-oil ratios, and retained oil and gas volumes, as well as to a lesser degree, the probability of natural fractures and pore pressure conditions. However, further exploration is needed to constrain uncertainties regarding facies and source rock quality, particularly within the depocenters of the basin, in order to prove the economic feasibility of these unconventional plays.

Antecedentes: Los Lactobacilos son los microorganismos probióticos más usados en la industria porcina, sobre todo para mejorar la eficiencia productiva y la calidad de la carne de los cerdos de ceba. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de la administración oral de un biopreparado con Lactobacillus plantarum CAM-6 en el comportamiento productivo y características de la canal de cerdos en crecimiento. Métodos: Se ubicaron al azar 36 cerdos [(Landrace × Pietrain) × Duroc] durante 90 días (49 a 139 días de edad), los cuales se dividieron en tres tratamientos y 12 repeticiones por tratamiento. Los tratamientos consistieron en una dieta basal (DB; T0); DB+ antibiótico (T1) y DB+5 ml de un biopreparado probiótico de Lactobacillus plantarum CAM-6 (T2). Se determinó el comportamiento productivo y las características de la canal (caliente y fría) de los cerdos. Resultados: Los T1 y T2 mejoraron (P

Our goal in this paper is to analyse the impact of the implementation of M-Learning methodology on the motivation and assimilation of academic contents. A total of 283 university students participated in our study. They were assessed on two different occasions. For the assessment, a 10-question multiple-answer test set up in the Socrative mobile applications was used. To take into consideration the students’ opinion on the experiment a satisfaction survey was used. The results from the global satisfaction survey show that the M-Learning methodology is perceived as a motivating tool (74.6%) which generates a more pleasant environment in the classroom (71%), increases student satisfaction attending classes (80.5%) and helps students acquire learning contents better (72.5%). The repetition and frequency of use of the application increased the final score in all groups (initial-final assessment: 5.9 vs 7.4 points). Data obtained suggest that the M-Learning methodology as a facilitator of content assimilation is useful in the academic environment and is a useful tool for improving the teaching-learning process too.

Ascorbyl palmitate, an ascorbic acid ester, is an important amphipathic antioxidant that has several applications in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The enzymatic synthesis of ascorbyl palmitate is very attractive, but few efforts have been made to address its process scale-up and implementation. This study aimed at evaluating the enzymatic synthesis of ascorbyl palmitate in a rotating basket reactor operated in sequential batches. Different commercial immobilized lipases were tested, and the most suitable reaction conditions were established. Among those lipases studied were Amano Lipase PS, Lipozyme® TL IM, Lipozyme® Novo 40086, Lipozyme® RM IM and Lipozyme® 435. Initially, the enzymes were screened based on previously defined synthesis conditions, showing clear differences in behavior. Lipozyme® 435 proved to be the best catalyst, reaching the highest values of initial reaction rate and yield. Therefore, it was selected for the following studies. Among the solvents assayed, 2-methyl-2-butanol and acetone showed the highest yields, but the operational stability of the catalyst was better in 2-methyl-2-butanol. The tests in a basket reactor showed great potential for large-scale application. Yields remained over 80% after four sequential batches, and the basket allowed for easy catalyst recycling. The results obtained in basket reactor are certainly a contribution to the enzymatic synthesis of ascorbyl palmitate as a competitive alternative to chemical synthesis. This may inspire future cost-effectiveness studies of the process to assess its potential as a viable alternative to be implemented.

Ecosystems under ecological restoration should be monitored in order to investigate if the ecosystem is being functionally recovered, especially in highly vulnerable biodiversity hotspots like Andean forests. Here we sampled Hymenoptera families in four Andean forest reserves above 1800 masl from Southern Ecuador, in three conservation levels in each forest: low (degraded), medium (10–15 years of recovery) and high (well-conserved forest). All Hymenoptera families were classified into four functional groups: predators, herbivores, pollinators and parasitoids. A total of 32 hymenopteran families were collected, with parasitoids clearly dominating in the samples. Family assemblages were not statistically different, neither in abundance nor family richness. Assemblages were more similar between them in the high and medium areas than in low conservation areas, where assemblages were very variable and showed a higher functional diversity in two of the reserves. The low presence of pollinators may be due to the high humidity during the sampling and the sampling method. Although some results are promising for the restoring trajectory, especially for parasitoids, we should keep in mind that this is at family level, so it would be interesting to know if these patterns persist at lower taxonomic levels.

Antecedentes: Los Lactobacilos son los microorganismos probióticos más usados en la industria porcina, sobre todo para mejorar la eficiencia productiva y la calidad de la carne de los cerdos de ceba. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de la administración oral de un biopreparado con Lactobacillus plantarum CAM-6 en el comportamiento productivo y características de la canal de cerdos en crecimiento. Métodos: Se ubicaron al azar 36 cerdos [(Landrace × Pietrain) × Duroc] durante 90 días (49 a 139 días de edad), los cuales se dividieron en tres tratamientos y 12 repeticiones por tratamiento. Los tratamientos consistieron en una dieta basal (DB; T0); DB+ antibiótico (T1) y DB+5 ml de un biopreparado probiótico de Lactobacillus plantarum CAM-6 (T2). Se determinó el comportamiento productivo y las características de la canal (caliente y fría) de los cerdos. Resultados: Los T1 y T2 mejoraron (P

Mobility in urban and interurban areas, mainly by cars, is a day-to-day activity of many people. However, some of its main drawbacks are traffic jams and accidents. Newly made vehicles have pre-installed driving evaluation systems, which can prevent accidents. However, most cars on our roads do not have driver assessment systems. In this paper, we propose an approach for recognising driving styles and enabling drivers to reach safer and more efficient driving. The system consists of two physical sensors connected to a device node with a display and a speaker. An artificial neural network (ANN) is included in the node, which analyses the data from the sensors, and then recognises the driving style. When an abnormal driving pattern is detected, the speaker will play a warning message. The prototype was assembled and tested using an interurban road, in particular on a conventional road with three driving styles. The gathered data were used to train and validate the ANN. Results, in terms of accuracy, indicate that better accuracy is obtained when the velocity, position (latitude and longitude), time, and turning speed for the 3-axis are used, offering an average accuracy of 83%. If the classification is performed considering just two driving styles, normal and aggressive, then the accuracy reaches 92%. When the geo-information and time data are included, the main novelty of this paper, the classification accuracy is improved by 13%.

Litter decomposition is a key process for carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and is mainly controlled by environmental conditions, substrate quantity and quality as well as microbial community abundance and composition. In particular, the effects of climate and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on litter decomposition and its temporal dynamics are of significant importance, since their effects might change over the course of the decomposition process. Within the TeaComposition initiative, we incubated Green and Rooibos teas at 524 sites across nine biomes. We assessed how macroclimate and atmospheric inorganic N deposition under current and predicted scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 8.5) might affect litter mass loss measured after 3 and 12 months. Our study shows that the early to mid-term mass loss at the global scale was affected predominantly by litter quality (explaining 73% and 62% of the total variance after 3 and 12 months, respectively) followed by climate and N deposition. The effects of climate were not litter-specific and became increasingly significant as decomposition progressed, with MAP explaining 2% and MAT 4% of the variation after 12 months of incubation. The effect of N deposition was litter-specific, and significant only for 12-month decomposition of Rooibos tea at the global scale. However, in the temperate biome where atmospheric N deposition rates are relatively high, the 12-month mass loss of Green and Rooibos teas decreased significantly with increasing N deposition, explaining 9.5% and 1.1% of the variance, respectively. The expected changes in macroclimate and N deposition at the global scale by the end of this century are estimated to increase the 12-month mass loss of easily decomposable litter by 1.1–3.5% and of the more stable substrates by 3.8–10.6%, relative to current mass loss. In contrast, expected changes in atmospheric N deposition will decrease the mid-term mass loss of high-quality litter by 1.4–2.2% and that of low-quality litter by 0.9–1.5% in the temperate biome. Our results suggest that projected increases in N deposition may have the capacity to dampen the climate-driven increases in litter decomposition depending on the biome and decomposition stage of substrate.

One-pot systems are an interesting proposal to carry out multi-enzymatic reactions, though this strategy implies establishing an optimal balance between the activity and operability of the involved enzymes. This is crucial for enzymes with marked differences in their operational stability, such as one-pot production of lactofructose syrup from cheese whey permeate, which involves two enzymes—β-galactosidase (β-gal) and glucose isomerase (GI). The aim of this work was to study the behavior of one-pot sequential batch production of lactofructose syrup considering both enzymes immobilized individually, in order to evaluate and design a strategy of replacement of the catalysts according to their stabilities. To this end, the modelling and simulation of the process was carried out, considering simultaneously the kinetics of both reactions and the kinetics of inactivation of both enzymes. For the latter, it was also considered the modulating effect that sugars present in the medium may have on the stability of β-gal, which is the less stable enzyme. At the simulated reaction conditions of 40 °C, pH 7, and 0.46 (IUGI/IUβ-gal), the results showed that considering the stability of β-gal under non-reactive conditions, meaning in absence of the effect of modulation, it is necessary to carry out four replacements of β-gal for each cycle of use of GI. On the other hand, when considering the modulation caused by the sugars on the β-gal stability, the productivity increases up to 23% in the case of the highest modulation factor studied (η = 0.8). This work shows the feasibility of conducting a one-pot operation with immobilized enzymes of quite different operational stability, and that a proper strategy of biocatalyst replacement increases the productivity of the process.

The aromatic expression of wines can be enhanced by the addition of specific glycosidases, although their poor stability remains a limitation. Coimmobilization of glycosidases as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (combi-CLEAs) offers a simple solution yielding highly stable biocatalysts. Nevertheless, the small particle size of combi-CLEAs hinders their recovery, preventing their industrial application. Encapsulation of combi-CLEAs of glycosidases in alginate beads and in polyvinyl alcohol is proposed as a solution. Combi-CLEAS of β-d-glucosidase and α-l-arabinofuranosidase were prepared and encapsulated. The effects of combi-CLEA loading and particle size on the expressed specific activity (IU/gbiocatalyst) of the biocatalysts were evaluated. Best results were obtained with 2.6 mm diameter polyvinyl alcohol particles at a loading of 60 mgcombi-CLEA/gpolyvinyl alcohol, exhibiting activities of 1.9 and 1.0 IU/gbiocatalyst for β-d-glucosidase and α-l-arabinofuranosidase, respectively. Afterwards, the stability of the biocatalysts was tested in white wine. All the encapsulated biocatalysts retained full activity after 140 incubation days, outperforming both free enzymes and nonencapsulated combi-CLEAs. Nevertheless, the alginate-encapsulated biocatalysts showed a brittle consistency, making recovery unfeasible. Conversely, the polyvinyl-encapsulated biocatalyst remained intact throughout the assay. The encapsulation of combi-CLEAs in polyvinyl alcohol proved to be a simple methodology that allows their recovery and reuse to harness their full catalytic potential.

Hybrid bioinorganic biocatalysts have received much attention due to their simple synthesis, high efficiency, and structural features that favor enzyme activity and stability. The present work introduces a biomineralization strategy for the formation of hybrid nanocrystals from β-galactosidase. The effects of the immobilization conditions were studied, identifying the important effect of metal ions and pH on the immobilization yield and the recovered activity. For a deeper understanding of the biomineralization process, an in silico study was carried out to identify the ion binding sites at the different conditions. The selected β-galactosidase nanocrystals showed high specific activity (35,000 IU/g biocatalyst) and remarkable thermal stability with a half-life 11 times higher than the soluble enzyme. The nanobiocatalyst was successfully tested for the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides, achieving an outstanding performance, showing no signs of diffusional limitations. Thus, a new, simple, biocompatible and inexpensive nanobiocatalyst was produced with high enzyme recovery (82%), exhibiting high specific activity and high stability, with promising industrial applications.

Many shallow-water tropical and subtropical foraminifera engage in photosymbiosis with eukaryotic microalgae. Some of these foraminifera appear to harbor a diverse consortium of endosymbiotic algae within a single host. Such apparent ability to contain different symbionts could facilitate change in symbiont community composition (symbiont shuffling) and mediate the ecological success of the group in a changing environment. However, the discovery of the intra-individual symbiont diversity was thus far based on symbiont culturing, which provides strong constraints on the vitality of the identified algae but provides poor constraints on their initial abundance and thus functional relevance to the host. Here we analyze the algal symbiont diversity in Pararotalia calcariformata, a benthic foraminifera sampled at four stations, inside and outside of a thermal plume in the eastern Mediterranean coast of Israel. This species has recently invaded the Mediterranean, is unusually thermally tolerant and was described previously to host at least one different diatom symbiont than other symbiont-bearing foraminifera. Our results using genotyping and isolation of algae in culture medium, confirm multiple associations with different diatom species within the same individual. Both methods revealed spatially consistent symbiont associations and identified the most common symbiont as a pelagic diatom Minutocellus polymorphus. In one case, an alternative dominant symbiont, the diatom Navicula sp., was detected by genotyping. This diatom was the third most abundant species identified using standard algae culturing method. This method further revealed a spatially consistent pattern in symbiont diversity of a total of seventeen identified diatom species, across the studied localities. Collectively, these results indicate that P. calcariformata hosts a diverse consortium of diatom endosymbionts, where different members can become numerically dominant and thus functionally relevant in a changing environment.

Introducción: La vasculitis ANCA-positiva es una patología que se caracteriza por daño en vasos de pequeño calibre secundario a auto-anticuerpos. El compromiso del sistema nervioso central es poco común, con complicaciones serias y de difícil diagnóstico. Por eso presentamos 3 casos de pacientes con paquimeningitis hipertrófica como manifestación neurológica de vasculitis ANCA-positiva, estudiados en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio de Bogotá. Casos:Se tratan de dos hombres y una mujer. El hombre del primer caso presentó clínica progresiva de 1 año de evolución de dolor ocular, alteración de la agudeza visual, limitación para los movimientos oculares y disartria (Imagen 1). El segundo hombre tenía antecedente de GNRP P-ANCA positivo y presentó clínica de 3 meses de cefalea, hipoacusia y pérdida de la agudeza visual (Imagen 2). La mujer de 18 años de edad, presentó cuadro de 3 meses de cefalea, tinitus, emésis y pérdida progresiva de la agudeza visual bilateral (Imagen 3). Se realizaron estudios con resonancia magnética cerebral con gadolinio mostrando realce paquimeningeo y punción lumbar con hiperproteinorraquia en los 3 casos, descartando otras etiologías. En los 3 pacientes se inició manejo con ciclofosfamida logrando estabilidad de la enfermedad, ninguno de los pacientes falleció durante la atención. Conclusiones: La paquimeningitis hipertrófica es un proceso inflamatorio fibrosante que genera engrosamiento meníngeo focal o difuso, se manifiesta con cefalea y síntomas multi-topográficos incluida la neuropatía craneal múltiple. El diagnóstico diferencial es amplio, teniendo en cuenta la importancia de un pronto diagnóstico que requiere un tratamiento temprano y acertado con esteroide e inmunomodulador para disminuir las secuelas neurológicas.

Ascorbyl palmitate is a fatty acid ester endowed with antioxidant properties, used as a food additive and cosmetic ingredient, which is presently produced by chemical synthesis. Ascorbyl palmitate was synthesized from ascorbic acid and palmitic acid with a Pseudomonas stutzeri lipase immobilized on octyl silica, and also with the commercial immobilized lipase Novozym 435. The latter was selected for optimizing the reaction conditions because of its high reactivity and stability in the solvent 2-methyl-2-butanol used as reaction medium. The reaction of the synthesis was studied considering temperature and molar ratio of substrates as variables and synthesis yield as response parameter. The highest yield in the synthesis of ascorbyl palmitate was 81%, obtained at 55 °C and an ascorbic acid to palmitic acid molar ratio of 1:8, both variables having a strong effect on yield. The synthesized ascorbyl palmitate was purified to 94.4%, with a purification yield of 84.2%. The use of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) certified solvents with a polarity suitable for the solubilization of the compounds made the process a viable alternative for the synthesis and downstream processing of ascorbyl palmitate.

Se describe un caso de tumor de ovario de células granulosa juvenil, cuya manifestación inicial fue una pubertad precoz isosexual, en una niña de tres años, de evolución progresiva y rápida, asociada a una masa hipogástrica palpable. La valoración hormonal demostró estradiol, elevado; 17aOH-progesterona, 13,44 ng/ml; la FSH inhibida, al igual que la LH, la alfa feto proteína normal. Exámenes de imagen confirmaron masa tumoral en ovario derecho. La exéresis del tumor de ovario derecho de aproximadamente 10-12 cm, sólido, bien delimitado de superficie granulosa, en conjunto con la trompa englobada en el proceso. El examen histopatológico demostró un tumor de células de la granulosa juvenil. La paciente ha evolucionado satisfactoriamente después del tratamiento quirúrgico, no presenta signos de metástasis. Las dosificaciones hormonales se encontraron dentro del rango de la normalidad.We describe a case of juvenile ovarian tumor of granulose cells. Its initial manifestation was an isosexual precocious puberty, in a girl aged 3 years, of a rapid and progressive evolution, associated to a palpable hypogastric mass. The hormonal assessment showed estradiol, high; 17aOH-progesterona, 13,44ng/ml, inhibited FSH, the same as LH, normal alpha fetoprotein. The imaging examination confirmed a tumoral mass in the right ovary. We extirpated the right ovary tumor of nearly 10- 12 cm , solid, well delimitated with a granulose surface, together with the tube involved in the process. The histopathologic examination showed a juvenile tumor of granulose cells. After the surgical treatment the patient has evolved satisfactorily, not showing symptoms of metastasis. The hormonal dosages were found in the normal range.

In the present research, a rapid, simple and efficient chemoselective method for the site-directed incorporation of tailor-made polymers into protein to create biocatalysts with excellent properties for pharmaceutical industrial purpose has been performed. First we focused on the protein engineering of the Geobacillus thermocatenulatus lipase 2 (BTL2) to replace the two cysteines (Cys65, Cys296) in the wild type enzyme (BTL-WT) by two serines. Then, by similar mode, a unique cysteine was introduced in the lid area of the protein. For the site-directed polymer incorporation, a set of different tailor-made thiol-ionic-polymers were synthesized and the protein cysteine was previously activated with 2,2-dithiodipyridine (2-PDS) to allow the disulfide exchange. The protected BTL variants were specifically modified with the different polymers in excellent yields, creating a small library of new biocatalysts. Different and important changes in the catalytic properties, possible caused by structural changes in the lid region, were observed. The different modified biocatalysts were tested in the synthesis of intermediates of antiviral and antitumor drugs, like nucleoside analogues and derivatives of phenylglutaric acid. In the hydrolysis of per-acetylated thymidine, the best biocatalyst was the BTL*-193-DextCOOH , where the activity was increased in 3-fold and the regioselectivity was improved, reaching a yield of 92% of 3’-O-acetyl-thymidine. In the case of the asymmetric hydrolysis of dimethyl phenylglutarate, the best result was found with BTL*-193-DextNH2-6000, where the enzyme activity was increased more than 5-fold and the enantiomeric excess was >99%.

In the title compound C17H25NO2, the piperidin-2-one ring adopts an envelope conformation with the C atom in the 5-position as the flap. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds, building a infinite chain along the b-axis direction. C—H...π interactions further stabilize the crystal packing.

In the title compound, C18H18N2O, the dihedral angle between the indole system and the phenyl ring is 17.2 (2)°. The crystal packing features two N—H...O hydrogen bonds, which link the molecules into layers parallel to (001). The absolute configuration was determined by the synthetic procedure and was set according to the starting material.

Se detecta la presencia de Anaplasma marginale en becerros hijos de vacas con infección asintomática. Ensayos de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) llevados a cabo en muestras de sangre de 31 vacas lactantes, en aparente buen estado físico y sus respectivas crías, revelaron la presencia de ADN específico de A. marginale en el 70 y 40%, respectivamente. La detección de parte del genoma de A. marginale en becerros recién nacidos, hijos de vacas asintomáticas PCR positivas, sugiere la transmisión de la infección madre-hijo por vía transplacentaria. Se discute las implicaciones epizootiológicas de la infección por A. marginale en animales asintomáticos y se advierte sobre la potencialidad de esta forma de transmisión en el mantenimiento del ciclo de este organismo. Se concluye que la transmisión por vía transplacentaria podría ser un evento de frecuente ocurrencia en el área de estudio y se sugiere la utilización de técnicas producto de la nueva biotecnología como la PCR para incrementar la especificidad en el diagnóstico.

Con el objetivo de determinar los cambios hematológicos en búfalas mestizas pre y postparto, se realizó un ensayo en una finca comercial ubicada en el municipio Catatumbo, estado Zulia, Venezuela. Se obtuvieron ciento doce muestras de sangre en tubos estériles conteniendo anticoagulante (EDTA). Se determinó el hematocrito (Ht L/L), la concentración de hemoglobina (Hb g/L), el recuento de leucocitos (RGB x 109/L) y el diferencial (x109/L) y los datos se compararon de acuerdo a la condición fisiológica, edad y número de partos. En el pre y postparto, los valores de Ht, Hb fueron 123,6Ó15,2; 0,37Ó0,04 y 119,6Ó13,5; 0,36Ó0,04, respectivamente (Pmayor0,05). El RGB fue de 10,93Ó3,11 y 7,71Ó0,48, para el pre y el postparto respectivamente (Pmenor0,05); los valores pre y postparto de neutrófilos (N) y eosinófilos (E) fueron 5,39Ó2,40; 0,71Ó0,61 y 4,33Ó0,88; 0,26Ó0,3, respectivamente (Pmenor0,05) y de linfocitos (L) fueron 4,74Ó1,70 y 3,12Ó0,64, respectivamente (Pmeyor0,05). En animales de uno y dos partos, los valores de Hb, Ht, RGB, N y E no presentaron diferencias significativas (Pmeyor0,05). Mientras que los valores de L difirieron significativamente entre búfalas de uno y dos partos (4.03Ó1,57, 3,55Ó1,23, respectivamente, Pmenor0,05). En animales de 3-4 años y en animales de 5-6 años, los valores de Hb, Ht, N, E y L no presentaron diferencias significativas (Pmayor0,05), mientras que el RGB difirió significativamente entre ambos grupos (9,48Ó2,82 y 8,29Ó1,95, Pmenor0,05), respectivamente. Este estudio da un aporte al conocimiento de los valores hematológicos de búfalos adultos en especial a los cambios debido a variables fisiológicas como lo son el parto, la edad y el número de partos.

Se describe un caso de tumor de ovario de células granulosa juvenil, cuya manifestación inicial fue una pubertad precoz isosexual, en una niña de tres años, de evolución progresiva y rápida, asociada a una masa hipogástrica palpable. La valoración hormonal demostró estradiol, elevado; 17aOH-progesterona, 13,44 ng/ml; la FSH inhibida, al igual que la LH, la alfa feto proteína normal. Exámenes de imagen confirmaron masa tumoral en ovario derecho. La exéresis del tumor de ovario derecho de aproximadamente 10-12 cm, sólido, bien delimitado de superficie granulosa, en conjunto con la trompa englobada en el proceso. El examen histopatológico demostró un tumor de células de la granulosa juvenil. La paciente ha evolucionado satisfactoriamente después del tratamiento quirúrgico, no presenta signos de metástasis. Las dosificaciones hormonales se encontraron dentro del rango de la normalidad.