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3. Genome analysis of Spiroplasma citri strains from different host plants and its leafhopper vectors

Author

Rattner, Rachel, Thapa, Shree Prasad, Dang, Tyler, Osman, Fatima, Selvaraj, Vijayanandraj, Maheshwari, Yogita, Pagliaccia, Deborah, Espindola, Andres S, Hajeri, Subhas, Chen, Jianchi, Coaker, Gitta, Vidalakis, Georgios, and Yokomi, Raymond

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Genetics, Human Genome, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Infection, Animals, Hemiptera, North America, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Spiroplasma, Spiroplasma citri, Citrus stubborn disease, Beet leafhopper, Sequencing, Genome assembly, Prophage, Information and Computing Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Bioinformatics, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundSpiroplasma citri comprises a bacterial complex that cause diseases in citrus, horseradish, carrot, sesame, and also infects a wide array of ornamental and weed species. S. citri is transmitted in a persistent propagative manner by the beet leafhopper, Neoaliturus tenellus in North America and Circulifer haematoceps in the Mediterranean region. Leafhopper transmission and the pathogen's wide host range serve as drivers of genetic diversity. This diversity was examined in silico by comparing the genome sequences of seven S. citri strains from the United States (BR12, CC-2, C5, C189, LB 319, BLH-13, and BLH-MB) collected from different hosts and times with other publicly available spiroplasmas.ResultsPhylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA sequences from 39 spiroplasmas obtained from NCBI database showed that S. citri strains, along with S. kunkelii and S. phoeniceum, two other plant pathogenic spiroplasmas, formed a monophyletic group. To refine genetic relationships among S. citri strains, phylogenetic analyses with 863 core orthologous sequences were performed. Strains that clustered together were: CC-2 and C5; C189 and R8-A2; BR12, BLH-MB, BLH-13 and LB 319. Strain GII3-3X remained in a separate branch. Sequence rearrangements were observed among S. citri strains, predominantly in the center of the chromosome. One to nine plasmids were identified in the seven S. citri strains analyzed in this study. Plasmids were most abundant in strains isolated from the beet leafhopper, followed by strains from carrot, Chinese cabbage, horseradish, and citrus, respectively. All these S. citri strains contained one plasmid with high similarity to plasmid pSci6 from S. citri strain GII3-3X which is known to confer insect transmissibility. Additionally, 17 to 25 prophage-like elements were identified in these genomes, which may promote rearrangements and contribute to repetitive regions.ConclusionsThe genome of seven S. citri strains were found to contain a single circularized chromosome, ranging from 1.58 Mbp to 1.74 Mbp and 1597-2232 protein-coding genes. These strains possessed a plasmid similar to pSci6 from the GII3-3X strain associated with leafhopper transmission. Prophage sequences found in the S. citri genomes may contribute to the extension of its host range. These findings increase our understanding of S. citri genetic diversity.

Published
2021

4. Complete Nucleotide Sequence, Genome Organization, and Comparative Genomic Analyses of Citrus Yellow-Vein Associated Virus (CYVaV).

Author

Kwon, Sun-Jung, Bodaghi, Sohrab, Dang, Tyler, Gadhave, Kiran R, Ho, Thien, Osman, Fatima, Al Rwahnih, Maher, Tzanetakis, Ioannis E, Simon, Anne E, and Vidalakis, Georgios

Subjects
Tombusviridae, VirFind, bio-indexing, high-throughput sequencing, plant virus characterization, small RNA virus, virus-virus interactions, Genetics, Human Genome, Environmental Science and Management, Soil Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract

Citrus yellow-vein disease (CYVD) was first reported in California in 1957. We now report that CYVD is associated with a virus-like agent, provisionally named citrus yellow-vein associated virus (CYVaV). The CYVaV RNA genome has 2,692 nucleotides and codes for two discernable open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 encodes a protein of 190 amino acid (aa) whereas ORF2 is presumably generated by a -1 ribosomal frameshifting event just upstream of the ORF1 termination signal. The frameshift product (717 aa) encodes the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Phylogenetic analyses suggest that CYVaV is closely related to unclassified virus-like RNAs in the family Tombusviridae. Bio-indexing and RNA-seq experiments indicate that CYVaV can induce yellow vein symptoms independently of known citrus viruses or viroids.

Published
2021

5. Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity-weighted cohort study

Author

Chouli, Mohamed, Hamadouche, Nacera, Ladj, Mohamed Samir, Agrimbau Vázquez, Jorge, Carmona, Rodrigo, Collia, Adrian Gustavo, Ellis, Alejandro, Natta, Diego, Pérez, Laura, Rubiños, Mayra, Veliz, Natalia, Yori, Silvana, Britton, Philip N., Burgner, David P., Carey, Emma, Crawford, Nigel W., Giuliano, Hayley, McMinn, Alissa, Wong, Shirley, Wood, Nicholas, Holter, Wolfgang, Krainz, Matthias, Ulreich, Raphael, Zurl, Christoph, Dehoorne, Joke, Haerynck, Filomeen, Hoste, Levi, Schelstraete, Petra, Vandekerckhove, Kristof, Willems, Jef, Almeida Farias, Camila Giuliana, Almeida, Flávia Jacqueline, Alves Leal, Izabel, Araujo da Silva, André Ricardo, Araujo e Silva, Anna Esther, Barreiro, Sabrina T.A., Bomfim Prado da Silva, Daniella Gregória, Cervi, Maria Celia, dos Santos Naja Cardoso, Mirian Viviane, Henriques Teixeira, Cristiane, Jarovsky, Daniel, Martins Araujo, Julienne, Naaman Berezin, Eitan, Palazzi Sáfadi, Marco Aurélio, Paternina-de la Ossa, Rolando Andres, Souza Vieira, Cristina, Dimitrova, Anna, Ganeva, Margarita, Stefanov, Stefan, Telcharova-Mihaylovska, Albena, Biggs, Catherine M., Lopez, Alison, Scuccimarri, Rosie, Tan, Ryan, Wasserman, Sam, Withington, Davinia, Ampuero, Camila, Aravena, Javiera, Bustos B, Raul, Casanova, Daniel, Cruces, Pablo, Diaz, Franco, García-Salum, Tamara, Godoy, Loreto, Medina, Rafael A., Valenzuela Galaz, Gonzalo, Camacho-Moreno, Germán, Avila-Aguero, María L., Brenes-Chacón, Helena, Camacho-Badilla, Kattia, Ivankovich-Escoto, Gabriela, Naranjo-Zuniga, Gabriela, Soriano-Fallas, Alejandra, Ulloa-Gutierrez, Rolando, Yock-Corrales, Adriana, Amer, Maysa Abbas, Abdelmeguid, Yasmine, Ahmed, Yomna H.H.Z., Badib, Adham, Badreldin, Karim, Elkhashab, Yara, Heshmat, Hassan, Hussein, Amna, Mohamed Hussein, Amna Hussein, Ibrahim, Sandra, Shoman, Walaa, Yakout, Radwa M, Heinonen, Santtu, Angoulvant, François, Belot, Alexandre, Ouldali, Naïm, Beske, Florian, Heep, Axel, Masjosthusmann, Katja, Reiter, Karl, van den Heuvel, Ingeborg, von Both, Ulrich, Agrafiotou, Aikaterini, Antachopoulos, Charalampos, Charisi, Konstantina, Eleftheriou, Irini, Farmaki, Evangelia, Fotis, Lampros, Kafetzis, Dimitrios, Koletsi, Patra, Kourtesi, Katerina, Lampidi, Stavroula, Liakopoulou, Theodota, Maritsi, Despoina, Michailidou, Elisa, Milioudi, Maria, Mparmpounaki, Ioanna, Papadimitriou, Eleni, Papaevangelou, Vassiliki, Roilides, Emmanuel, Tsiatsiou, Olga, Tsolas, Georgios, Tsolia, Maria, Vantsi, Petrina, Banegas Pineda, Linda Yajeira, Borjas Aguilar, Karla Leversia, Cantillano Quintero, Edwin Mauricio, Ip, Patrick, Kwan, Mike Yat Wah, Kwok, Janette, Lau, Yu Lung, To, Kelvin, Wong, Joshua Sung Chih, David, Mate, Farkas, David, Kalcakosz, Szofia, Szekeres, Klaudia, Zsigmond, Borbala, Aslam, Nadeem, Luder, Anthony, Andreozzi, Laura, Bianco, Francesco, Bucciarelli, Valentina, Buonsenso, Danilo, Cimaz, Rolando, De Luca, Maia, Dellepiane, Rosa Maria, Fabi, Marianna, Filice, Emanuele, Lanari, Marcello, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Mastrolia, Maria Vincenza, Mauro, Angela, Mazza, Angelo, Papa, Mario Virgilio, Romani, Lorenza, Scarano, Sara Maria, Simonini, Gabriele, Tipo, Vincenzo, Verdoni, Lucio, Macharia, Anne-Marie, Musiime, Grace, Reel, Bhupi, Wangai, Frederick, Pace, David, Torpiano, Paul, Anaya-Enriquez, Nancy, Carreon-Guerrero, Juan Manuel, Chacon-Cruz, Enrique, Cheung López, Mariana, Faugier Fuentes, Enrique, Fonseca Flores, Marisol, García-Domínguez, Miguel, Giron Vargas, Ana Luisa, Lopez-Delgado, Ivan, Lopez Hernández, Liliana, Menchaca Aguayo, Hector F., Montaño-Duron, Jesus Gilberto, Pérez-Gaxiola, Giordano, Ramos Tiñini, Pamela, Tostado-Morales, Edgardo, Valadez, Julio, Inchley, Christopher, Klevberg, Sjur, Knudsen, Per Kristian, Måseide, Per Helge, Carrera, Jose Manuel, Castaño, Elizabeth, Daza Timana, Carlos Alberto, De Leon, Tirza, Estripeaut, Dora, Levy, Jacqueline, Norero, Ximena, Record, Javier, Rojas-Bonilla, Magda, Wong, Mayra, Iramain, Ricardo, Hernandez, Roger, Huamán, Gian, Munaico, Manuel, Peralta, Carlos, Seminario, Diego, Zapata Yarlequé, Elmer Hans, Gadzinska, Justyna, Ludwikowska, Kamila, Mandziuk, Joanna, Okarska-Napierała, Magdalena, Alacheva, Zalina A., Alexeeva, Ekaterina, Ananin, Petr V., Antsupova, Margarita, Bakradze, Maya D., Berbenyuk, Anna, Bobkova, Polina, Borzakova, Svetlana, Chashchina, Irina L., El-Taravi, Yasmin, Fisenko, Andrey P., Gautier, Marina S., Glazyrina, Anastasia, Gorlenko, Cyrill, Grosheva, Mariia, Kiselev, Herman, Kondrikova, Elena, Korobyants, Evgeniya, Korsunskiy, Anatoliy A., Kovygina, Karina, Krasnaya, Ekaterina, Kurbanova, Seda, Kurdup, Maria K., Mamutova, Anna V., Mazankova, Lyudmila, Mitushin, Ilya L., Munblit, Daniel, Nargizyan, Anzhelika, Orlova, Yanina O., Osmanov, Ismail M., Polyakova, Anastasia S., Pushkareva, Anna, Romanova, Olga, Samitova, Elmira, Shvedova, Anastasia, Sologub, Anna, Iakovleva, Ekaterina, Tepaev, Rustem F., Tkacheva, Anna A., Yegiyan, Margarita, Yusupova, Valeriya, Zholobova, Elena, Grasa, Carlos Daniel, Epalza, Cristina, Lopez Segura, Nuria, Martinon-Torres, Federico, Melendo, Susana, Mendez-Echevarria, Ana, Mesa Guzmán, Juan Miguel, Palacios Argueta, Jorge Roberto, Rivero-Calle, Irene, Rivière, Jacques, Rodríguez-González, Moisés, Rojo, Pablo, Sanchez Manubens, Judith, Soler-Palacin, Pere, Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, Tagarro, Alfredo, Villaverde, Serena, Altman, Maria, Brodin, Petter, Horne, AnnaCarin, Palmblad, Karin, Brotschi, Barbara, Meyer Sauteur, Patrick, Pachlopnik Schmid, Jana, Prader, Seraina, Relly, Christa, Schlapbach, Luregn J., Seiler, Michelle, Strasser, Sophie, Trück, Johannes, Weber, Kathrin, Wütz, Daniela, Hamdan, Alaa, Melhem, Ibrahim, Moussa, Ahmed, Dunk, Joke, Ketharanathan, Naomi, Vermont, Clementien, Akyüz Özkan, Esra, Cetin, Benhur Sirvan, Erdeniz, Emine Hafize, Şahin, Irfan Oğuz, Borisova, Galina, Boyarchuk, Oksana, Boychenko, Lidiya, Boyko, Yaryna, Diudenko, Nadiia, Dyvonyak, Olha, Kasiyan, Olexandr, Katerynych, Kostiantyn, Kostyuchenko, Larysa, Mamenko, Marina, Melnyk, Kateryna, Miagka, Nelia, Nazarenko, Liliya, Nezgoda, Iryna, Rykova, Stanislava, Svyst, Olga, Teslenko, Maria, Trykosh, Mykola, Vasilenko, Nataliya, Volokha, Alla, Adams, Charlotte, Akomolafe, Toju, Al-Abadi, Eslam, Alders, Nele, Alifieraki, Styliani, Ansumanu, Hareef, Aston, Emily, Avram, Paula, Bamford, Alasdair, Banks, Millie, Basu Roy, Robin, Beattie, Thomas, Boleti, Olga, Bracken, Abbey, Broad, Jonathan, Cai, James, Carrol, Enitan D., Carter, Michael, Chandran, Anchit, Charlesworth, James, Chawla, Jaya, Cooper, Hannah, Cooray, Samantha, Davies, Patrick, Davis, Francesca, Drysdale, Simon B., Dzora, Ella, Emonts, Marieke, Evans, Ceri, Fidler, Katy, Foster, Caroline, Gong, Chen, Gongrun, Berin, Gonzalez, Carmen, Gorgun, Berin, Grandjean, Louis, Grant, Karlie, Guo, Jonathan, Hacohen, Yael, Hall, Jack, Hamid, Hytham K.S., Hassell, Jane, Hesketh, Christine, Hewlett, Jessica, Hnieno, Ahmad, Holt-Davis, Hannah, Hossain, Aleena, Hu, Shiying, Hudson, Lee D., Jheeta, Sharon, Johnson, Mae, Johnson, Sarah, Jyothish, Deepthi, Kampmann, Beate, Kavirayani, Akhila, Kelly, Deborah, Kirubakaran, Arangan, Kucera, Filip, Langer, Daniel, Lawson, George, Lees, Emily A, Lenihan, Rebecca, Lillie, Jon, Longbottom, Katherine, Lyall, Hermione, Mackdermott, Niamh, Maltby, Sarah, Mclelland, Thomas, McMahon, Anne-Marie, Miller, Danielle, Miranda, Mariana, Mirza, Luwaiza, Morrison, Zoe, Moshal, Karyn, Muller, Jennifer, Musuka, Phoebe, Myttaraki, Evangelia, Nadel, Simon, Nair, Sreedevi, Nuttall, Luke, Oremakinde, Oyinkansola, Osaghae, Daniella, Osman, Fatima, Ostrzewska, Anna, Paccagnella, Davide, Panthula, Mrinalini, Papachatzi, Eleni, Papadopoulou, Charalampia, Patel, Fahim, Patel, Harsita, Payne, Helen, Penner, Justin, Polandi, Shervin, Prendergast, Andrew J., Ramnarayan, Padmanabhan, Ranasinghe, Lasith, Ravichandran, Muthukumaran, Rhys-Evans, Sophie, Riordan, Andrew, Rodrigues, Charlene M.C., Roe, Lauren, Romaine, Sam, Schobi, Nina, Seddon, James, Shingadia, Delane, Sikdar, Oishi, Srivastava, Anand, Struik, Siske, Sun, Thomas, Tan, Rachel Wei, Taylor, Alice, Taylor, Amanda, Taylor, Andrew, Tran, Steven, Tsagkaris, Stavros, Tudor-Williams, Gareth, van den Berg, Sarah, van der Velden, Fabian, Ventilacion, Lyn, Wellman, Paul A., Withers Green, Joseph, Yanney, Michael P., Yeung, Shunmay, Badheka, Aditya, Badran, Sarah, Bailey, Dwight M., Burch, Anna Kathryn, Burns, Jane C., Cichon, Catherine, Cirks, Blake, Dallman, Michael D., Delany, Dennis R., Fairchok, Mary, Friedman, Samantha, Geracht, Jennifer, Langs-Barlow, Allison, Mann, Kelly, Padhye, Amruta, Quade, Alexis, Ramirez, Kacy Alyne, Rockett, John, Sayed, Imran Ali, Santos, Roberto P., Shahin, Amr A., Tremoulet, Adriana, Umaru, Samuel, Widener, Rebecca, Mujuru, Hilda Angela, Kandawasvika, Gwendoline, Channon-Wells, Samuel, Vito, Ortensia, McArdle, Andrew J, Seaby, Eleanor G, Shah, Priyen, Pazukhina, Ekaterina, Wilson, Clare, Broderick, Claire, D'Souza, Giselle, Keren, Ilana, Nijman, Ruud G, Carter, Michael J, De, Tisham, Hoggart, Clive, Whittaker, Elizabeth, Herberg, Jethro A, Kaforou, Myrsini, Cunnington, Aubrey J, Blyuss, Oleg, and Levin, Michael

Published
2023
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6. Full genome characterization of 12 citrus tatter leaf virus isolates for the development of a detection assay.

Author

Tan, Shih-Hua, Osman, Fatima, Bodaghi, Sohrab, Dang, Tyler, Greer, Greg, Huang, Amy, Hammado, Sarah, Abu-Hajar, Shurooq, Campos, Roya, and Vidalakis, Georgios

Subjects
Humans, Citrus sinensis, Poncirus, Evolution, Molecular, Phylogeny, Conserved Sequence, Genome, Human, Flexiviridae, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Genome Size, Plant Breeding, Whole Genome Sequencing, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Human, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV) threatens citrus production worldwide because it induces bud-union crease on the commercially important Citrange (Poncirus trifoliata × Citrus sinensis) rootstocks. However, little is known about its genomic diversity and how such diversity may influence virus detection. In this study, full-length genome sequences of 12 CTLV isolates from different geographical areas, intercepted and maintained for the past 60 years at the Citrus Clonal Protection Program (CCPP), University of California, Riverside, were characterized using next generation sequencing. Genome structure and sequence for all CTLV isolates were similar to Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), the type species of Capillovirus genus of the Betaflexiviridae family. Phylogenetic analysis highlighted CTLV's point of origin in Asia, the virus spillover to different plant species and the bottleneck event of its introduction in the United States of America (USA). A reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was designed at the most conserved genome area between the coat protein and the 3'-untranslated region (UTR), as identified by the full genome analysis. The assay was validated with different parameters (e.g. specificity, sensitivity, transferability and robustness) using multiple CTLV isolates from various citrus growing regions and it was compared with other published assays. This study proposes that in the era of powerful affordable sequencing platforms the presented approach of systematic full-genome sequence analysis of multiple virus isolates, and not only a small genome area of a small number of isolates, becomes a guideline for the design and validation of molecular virus detection assays, especially for use in high value germplasm programs.

Published
2019

7. Custom Versus Customary Law: Does South African Jurisprudence Draw the Distinction?

Author

Osman, Fatima

Subjects
*CUSTOMARY law, *JURISPRUDENCE, *HUMAN rights, *JUSTICE administration
Abstract

This article presents a critical analysis of whether South African courts employ established theoretical concepts to delineate the boundaries between custom and customary law. To facilitate a comprehensive understanding, the article begins by providing an overview of the South African legal system, laying the groundwork for the subsequent discussion. The article then delves into prominent theories that address the differentiation between custom and customary law, providing a succinct summary of each. Finally, the article examines the degree to which these theories have been embraced by the courts. Notably, the article uncovers the courts' emphasis on factors such as certainty and the protection of human rights when deciding whether to apply customary law, rather than relying solely on the distinction between custom and customary law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Genetic analysis of the emerging citrus yellow vein clearing virus reveals a divergent virus population in American isolates

Author

Abrahamian, Peter, primary, Tian, Tongyan, additional, Posis, Katie, additional, Guo, Ying Yi, additional, Yu, Doris, additional, Blomquist, Cheryl L., additional, Wei, Gang, additional, Adducci, Benjamin A., additional, Vidalakis, Georgios, additional, Bodaghi, Sohrab, additional, Osman, Fatima, additional, Roy, Avijit, additional, Nunziata, Schyler, additional, Nakhla, Mark K., additional, Mavrodieva, Vessela, additional, and Rivera, Yazmin, additional

Published
2023
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18. Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity-weighted cohort study

Author

Channon-Wells, Samuel, primary, Vito, Ortensia, additional, McArdle, Andrew J, additional, Seaby, Eleanor G, additional, Patel, Harsita, additional, Shah, Priyen, additional, Pazukhina, Ekaterina, additional, Wilson, Clare, additional, Broderick, Claire, additional, D'Souza, Giselle, additional, Keren, Ilana, additional, Nijman, Ruud G, additional, Tremoulet, Adriana, additional, Munblit, Daniel, additional, Ulloa-Gutierrez, Rolando, additional, Carter, Michael J, additional, Ramnarayan, Padmanabhan, additional, De, Tisham, additional, Hoggart, Clive, additional, Whittaker, Elizabeth, additional, Herberg, Jethro A, additional, Kaforou, Myrsini, additional, Cunnington, Aubrey J, additional, Blyuss, Oleg, additional, Levin, Michael, additional, Chouli, Mohamed, additional, Hamadouche, Nacera, additional, Ladj, Mohamed Samir, additional, Agrimbau Vázquez, Jorge, additional, Carmona, Rodrigo, additional, Collia, Adrian Gustavo, additional, Ellis, Alejandro, additional, Natta, Diego, additional, Pérez, Laura, additional, Rubiños, Mayra, additional, Veliz, Natalia, additional, Yori, Silvana, additional, Britton, Philip N., additional, Burgner, David P., additional, Carey, Emma, additional, Crawford, Nigel W., additional, Giuliano, Hayley, additional, McMinn, Alissa, additional, Wong, Shirley, additional, Wood, Nicholas, additional, Holter, Wolfgang, additional, Krainz, Matthias, additional, Ulreich, Raphael, additional, Zurl, Christoph, additional, Dehoorne, Joke, additional, Haerynck, Filomeen, additional, Hoste, Levi, additional, Schelstraete, Petra, additional, Vandekerckhove, Kristof, additional, Willems, Jef, additional, Almeida Farias, Camila Giuliana, additional, Almeida, Flávia Jacqueline, additional, Alves Leal, Izabel, additional, Araujo da Silva, André Ricardo, additional, Araujo e Silva, Anna Esther, additional, Barreiro, Sabrina T.A., additional, Bomfim Prado da Silva, Daniella Gregória, additional, Cervi, Maria Celia, additional, dos Santos Naja Cardoso, Mirian Viviane, additional, Henriques Teixeira, Cristiane, additional, Jarovsky, Daniel, additional, Martins Araujo, Julienne, additional, Naaman Berezin, Eitan, additional, Palazzi Sáfadi, Marco Aurélio, additional, Paternina-de la Ossa, Rolando Andres, additional, Souza Vieira, Cristina, additional, Dimitrova, Anna, additional, Ganeva, Margarita, additional, Stefanov, Stefan, additional, Telcharova-Mihaylovska, Albena, additional, Biggs, Catherine M., additional, Lopez, Alison, additional, Scuccimarri, Rosie, additional, Tan, Ryan, additional, Wasserman, Sam, additional, Withington, Davinia, additional, Ampuero, Camila, additional, Aravena, Javiera, additional, Bustos B, Raul, additional, Casanova, Daniel, additional, Cruces, Pablo, additional, Diaz, Franco, additional, García-Salum, Tamara, additional, Godoy, Loreto, additional, Medina, Rafael A., additional, Valenzuela Galaz, Gonzalo, additional, Camacho-Moreno, Germán, additional, Avila-Aguero, María L., additional, Brenes-Chacón, Helena, additional, Camacho-Badilla, Kattia, additional, Ivankovich-Escoto, Gabriela, additional, Naranjo-Zuniga, Gabriela, additional, Soriano-Fallas, Alejandra, additional, Yock-Corrales, Adriana, additional, Amer, Maysa Abbas, additional, Abdelmeguid, Yasmine, additional, Ahmed, Yomna H.H.Z., additional, Badib, Adham, additional, Badreldin, Karim, additional, Elkhashab, Yara, additional, Heshmat, Hassan, additional, Hussein, Amna, additional, Mohamed Hussein, Amna Hussein, additional, Ibrahim, Sandra, additional, Shoman, Walaa, additional, Yakout, Radwa M, additional, Heinonen, Santtu, additional, Angoulvant, François, additional, Belot, Alexandre, additional, Ouldali, Naïm, additional, Beske, Florian, additional, Heep, Axel, additional, Masjosthusmann, Katja, additional, Reiter, Karl, additional, van den Heuvel, Ingeborg, additional, von Both, Ulrich, additional, Agrafiotou, Aikaterini, additional, Antachopoulos, Charalampos, additional, Charisi, Konstantina, additional, Eleftheriou, Irini, additional, Farmaki, Evangelia, additional, Fotis, Lampros, additional, Kafetzis, Dimitrios, additional, Koletsi, Patra, additional, Kourtesi, Katerina, additional, Lampidi, Stavroula, additional, Liakopoulou, Theodota, additional, Maritsi, Despoina, additional, Michailidou, Elisa, additional, Milioudi, Maria, additional, Mparmpounaki, Ioanna, additional, Papadimitriou, Eleni, additional, Papaevangelou, Vassiliki, additional, Roilides, Emmanuel, additional, Tsiatsiou, Olga, additional, Tsolas, Georgios, additional, Tsolia, Maria, additional, Vantsi, Petrina, additional, Banegas Pineda, Linda Yajeira, additional, Borjas Aguilar, Karla Leversia, additional, Cantillano Quintero, Edwin Mauricio, additional, Ip, Patrick, additional, Kwan, Mike Yat Wah, additional, Kwok, Janette, additional, Lau, Yu Lung, additional, To, Kelvin, additional, Wong, Joshua Sung Chih, additional, David, Mate, additional, Farkas, David, additional, Kalcakosz, Szofia, additional, Szekeres, Klaudia, additional, Zsigmond, Borbala, additional, Aslam, Nadeem, additional, Luder, Anthony, additional, Andreozzi, Laura, additional, Bianco, Francesco, additional, Bucciarelli, Valentina, additional, Buonsenso, Danilo, additional, Cimaz, Rolando, additional, De Luca, Maia, additional, Dellepiane, Rosa Maria, additional, Fabi, Marianna, additional, Filice, Emanuele, additional, Lanari, Marcello, additional, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, additional, Mastrolia, Maria Vincenza, additional, Mauro, Angela, additional, Mazza, Angelo, additional, Papa, Mario Virgilio, additional, Romani, Lorenza, additional, Scarano, Sara Maria, additional, Simonini, Gabriele, additional, Tipo, Vincenzo, additional, Verdoni, Lucio, additional, Macharia, Anne-Marie, additional, Musiime, Grace, additional, Reel, Bhupi, additional, Wangai, Frederick, additional, Pace, David, additional, Torpiano, Paul, additional, Anaya-Enriquez, Nancy, additional, Carreon-Guerrero, Juan Manuel, additional, Chacon-Cruz, Enrique, additional, Cheung López, Mariana, additional, Faugier Fuentes, Enrique, additional, Fonseca Flores, Marisol, additional, García-Domínguez, Miguel, additional, Giron Vargas, Ana Luisa, additional, Lopez-Delgado, Ivan, additional, Lopez Hernández, Liliana, additional, Menchaca Aguayo, Hector F., additional, Montaño-Duron, Jesus Gilberto, additional, Pérez-Gaxiola, Giordano, additional, Ramos Tiñini, Pamela, additional, Tostado-Morales, Edgardo, additional, Valadez, Julio, additional, Inchley, Christopher, additional, Klevberg, Sjur, additional, Knudsen, Per Kristian, additional, Måseide, Per Helge, additional, Carrera, Jose Manuel, additional, Castaño, Elizabeth, additional, Daza Timana, Carlos Alberto, additional, De Leon, Tirza, additional, Estripeaut, Dora, additional, Levy, Jacqueline, additional, Norero, Ximena, additional, Record, Javier, additional, Rojas-Bonilla, Magda, additional, Wong, Mayra, additional, Iramain, Ricardo, additional, Hernandez, Roger, additional, Huamán, Gian, additional, Munaico, Manuel, additional, Peralta, Carlos, additional, Seminario, Diego, additional, Zapata Yarlequé, Elmer Hans, additional, Gadzinska, Justyna, additional, Ludwikowska, Kamila, additional, Mandziuk, Joanna, additional, Okarska-Napierała, Magdalena, additional, Alacheva, Zalina A., additional, Alexeeva, Ekaterina, additional, Ananin, Petr V., additional, Antsupova, Margarita, additional, Bakradze, Maya D., additional, Berbenyuk, Anna, additional, Bobkova, Polina, additional, Borzakova, Svetlana, additional, Chashchina, Irina L., additional, El-Taravi, Yasmin, additional, Fisenko, Andrey P., additional, Gautier, Marina S., additional, Glazyrina, Anastasia, additional, Gorlenko, Cyrill, additional, Grosheva, Mariia, additional, Kiselev, Herman, additional, Kondrikova, Elena, additional, Korobyants, Evgeniya, additional, Korsunskiy, Anatoliy A., additional, Kovygina, Karina, additional, Krasnaya, Ekaterina, additional, Kurbanova, Seda, additional, Kurdup, Maria K., additional, Mamutova, Anna V., additional, Mazankova, Lyudmila, additional, Mitushin, Ilya L., additional, Nargizyan, Anzhelika, additional, Orlova, Yanina O., additional, Osmanov, Ismail M., additional, Polyakova, Anastasia S., additional, Pushkareva, Anna, additional, Romanova, Olga, additional, Samitova, Elmira, additional, Shvedova, Anastasia, additional, Sologub, Anna, additional, Iakovleva, Ekaterina, additional, Tepaev, Rustem F., additional, Tkacheva, Anna A., additional, Yegiyan, Margarita, additional, Yusupova, Valeriya, additional, Zholobova, Elena, additional, Grasa, Carlos Daniel, additional, Epalza, Cristina, additional, Lopez Segura, Nuria, additional, Martinon-Torres, Federico, additional, Melendo, Susana, additional, Mendez-Echevarria, Ana, additional, Mesa Guzmán, Juan Miguel, additional, Palacios Argueta, Jorge Roberto, additional, Rivero-Calle, Irene, additional, Rivière, Jacques, additional, Rodríguez-González, Moisés, additional, Rojo, Pablo, additional, Sanchez Manubens, Judith, additional, Soler-Palacin, Pere, additional, Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, additional, Tagarro, Alfredo, additional, Villaverde, Serena, additional, Altman, Maria, additional, Brodin, Petter, additional, Horne, AnnaCarin, additional, Palmblad, Karin, additional, Brotschi, Barbara, additional, Meyer Sauteur, Patrick, additional, Pachlopnik Schmid, Jana, additional, Prader, Seraina, additional, Relly, Christa, additional, Schlapbach, Luregn J., additional, Seiler, Michelle, additional, Strasser, Sophie, additional, Trück, Johannes, additional, Weber, Kathrin, additional, Wütz, Daniela, additional, Hamdan, Alaa, additional, Melhem, Ibrahim, additional, Moussa, Ahmed, additional, Dunk, Joke, additional, Ketharanathan, Naomi, additional, Vermont, Clementien, additional, Akyüz Özkan, Esra, additional, Cetin, Benhur Sirvan, additional, Erdeniz, Emine Hafize, additional, Şahin, Irfan Oğuz, additional, Borisova, Galina, additional, Boyarchuk, Oksana, additional, Boychenko, Lidiya, additional, Boyko, Yaryna, additional, Diudenko, Nadiia, additional, Dyvonyak, Olha, additional, Kasiyan, Olexandr, additional, Katerynych, Kostiantyn, additional, Kostyuchenko, Larysa, additional, Mamenko, Marina, additional, Melnyk, Kateryna, additional, Miagka, Nelia, additional, Nazarenko, Liliya, additional, Nezgoda, Iryna, additional, Rykova, Stanislava, additional, Svyst, Olga, additional, Teslenko, Maria, additional, Trykosh, Mykola, additional, Vasilenko, Nataliya, additional, Volokha, Alla, additional, Adams, Charlotte, additional, Akomolafe, Toju, additional, Al-Abadi, Eslam, additional, Alders, Nele, additional, Alifieraki, Styliani, additional, Ansumanu, Hareef, additional, Aston, Emily, additional, Avram, Paula, additional, Bamford, Alasdair, additional, Banks, Millie, additional, Basu Roy, Robin, additional, Beattie, Thomas, additional, Boleti, Olga, additional, Bracken, Abbey, additional, Broad, Jonathan, additional, Cai, James, additional, Carrol, Enitan D., additional, Carter, Michael, additional, Chandran, Anchit, additional, Charlesworth, James, additional, Chawla, Jaya, additional, Cooper, Hannah, additional, Cooray, Samantha, additional, Davies, Patrick, additional, Davis, Francesca, additional, Drysdale, Simon B., additional, Dzora, Ella, additional, Emonts, Marieke, additional, Evans, Ceri, additional, Fidler, Katy, additional, Foster, Caroline, additional, Gong, Chen, additional, Gongrun, Berin, additional, Gonzalez, Carmen, additional, Gorgun, Berin, additional, Grandjean, Louis, additional, Grant, Karlie, additional, Guo, Jonathan, additional, Hacohen, Yael, additional, Hall, Jack, additional, Hamid, Hytham K.S., additional, Hassell, Jane, additional, Hesketh, Christine, additional, Hewlett, Jessica, additional, Hnieno, Ahmad, additional, Holt-Davis, Hannah, additional, Hossain, Aleena, additional, Hu, Shiying, additional, Hudson, Lee D., additional, Jheeta, Sharon, additional, Johnson, Mae, additional, Johnson, Sarah, additional, Jyothish, Deepthi, additional, Kampmann, Beate, additional, Kavirayani, Akhila, additional, Kelly, Deborah, additional, Kirubakaran, Arangan, additional, Kucera, Filip, additional, Langer, Daniel, additional, Lawson, George, additional, Lees, Emily A, additional, Lenihan, Rebecca, additional, Lillie, Jon, additional, Longbottom, Katherine, additional, Lyall, Hermione, additional, Mackdermott, Niamh, additional, Maltby, Sarah, additional, Mclelland, Thomas, additional, McMahon, Anne-Marie, additional, Miller, Danielle, additional, Miranda, Mariana, additional, Mirza, Luwaiza, additional, Morrison, Zoe, additional, Moshal, Karyn, additional, Muller, Jennifer, additional, Musuka, Phoebe, additional, Myttaraki, Evangelia, additional, Nadel, Simon, additional, Nair, Sreedevi, additional, Nuttall, Luke, additional, Oremakinde, Oyinkansola, additional, Osaghae, Daniella, additional, Osman, Fatima, additional, Ostrzewska, Anna, additional, Paccagnella, Davide, additional, Panthula, Mrinalini, additional, Papachatzi, Eleni, additional, Papadopoulou, Charalampia, additional, Patel, Fahim, additional, Payne, Helen, additional, Penner, Justin, additional, Polandi, Shervin, additional, Prendergast, Andrew J., additional, Ranasinghe, Lasith, additional, Ravichandran, Muthukumaran, additional, Rhys-Evans, Sophie, additional, Riordan, Andrew, additional, Rodrigues, Charlene M.C., additional, Roe, Lauren, additional, Romaine, Sam, additional, Schobi, Nina, additional, Seddon, James, additional, Shingadia, Delane, additional, Sikdar, Oishi, additional, Srivastava, Anand, additional, Struik, Siske, additional, Sun, Thomas, additional, Tan, Rachel Wei, additional, Taylor, Alice, additional, Taylor, Amanda, additional, Taylor, Andrew, additional, Tran, Steven, additional, Tsagkaris, Stavros, additional, Tudor-Williams, Gareth, additional, van den Berg, Sarah, additional, van der Velden, Fabian, additional, Ventilacion, Lyn, additional, Wellman, Paul A., additional, Withers Green, Joseph, additional, Yanney, Michael P., additional, Yeung, Shunmay, additional, Badheka, Aditya, additional, Badran, Sarah, additional, Bailey, Dwight M., additional, Burch, Anna Kathryn, additional, Burns, Jane C., additional, Cichon, Catherine, additional, Cirks, Blake, additional, Dallman, Michael D., additional, Delany, Dennis R., additional, Fairchok, Mary, additional, Friedman, Samantha, additional, Geracht, Jennifer, additional, Langs-Barlow, Allison, additional, Mann, Kelly, additional, Padhye, Amruta, additional, Quade, Alexis, additional, Ramirez, Kacy Alyne, additional, Rockett, John, additional, Sayed, Imran Ali, additional, Santos, Roberto P., additional, Shahin, Amr A., additional, Umaru, Samuel, additional, Widener, Rebecca, additional, Mujuru, Hilda Angela, additional, and Kandawasvika, Gwendoline, additional

Published
2023
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22. A comparative analysis of RNA isolation methods optimized for high-throughput detection of viral pathogens in California’s regulatory and disease management program for citrus propagative materials

Author

Dang, Tyler, primary, Bodaghi, Sohrab, additional, Osman, Fatima, additional, Wang, Jinbo, additional, Rucker, Tavia, additional, Tan, Shih-Hua, additional, Huang, Amy, additional, Pagliaccia, Deborah, additional, Comstock, Stacey, additional, Lavagi-Craddock, Irene, additional, Gadhave, Kiran R., additional, Quijia-Lamina, Paulina, additional, Mitra, Arunabha, additional, Ramirez, Brandon, additional, Uribe, Gerardo, additional, Syed, Alexandra, additional, Hammado, Sarah, additional, Mimou, Iman, additional, Campos, Roya, additional, Abdulnour, Silva, additional, Voeltz, Michael, additional, Bae, Jinhwan, additional, Dang, Emily, additional, Nguyen, Brittany, additional, Chen, Xingyu, additional, Siddiqui, Noora, additional, Hsieh, Yi Tien, additional, Abu-Hajar, Shurooq, additional, Kress, Joshua, additional, Weber, Kristina, additional, and Vidalakis, Georgios, additional

Published
2022
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23. Update and validation of the 16S rDNA qPCR assay for the detection of three ‘Candidatus’ Liberibacter species following current MIQE guidelines and workflow

Author

Osman, Fatima, primary, Dang, Tyler, additional, Bodaghi, Sohrab, additional, Haq, Rukhama, additional, Lavagi-Craddock, Irene, additional, Rawstern, Amanda, additional, Rodriguez, Esteban, additional, Polek, Marylou, additional, Wulff, Nelson Arno, additional, Roberts, Ronel, additional, Pietersen, Gerhard, additional, Englezou, Anna, additional, Donovan, Nerida, additional, Folimonova, Svetlana Y., additional, and Vidalakis, Georgios, additional

Published
2022
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26. King v De Jager : Implications for Religion Based Discrimination in Wills

Author

Osman, Fatima, Effendi, Gökşen, Osman, Fatima, and Effendi, Gökşen

Abstract

In King v De Jager 2021 5 BCLR 449 (CC), the Constitutional Court held that a clause in a private will that unfairly discriminated against beneficiaries based on gender was unlawful and unenforceable. This note considers the implications of the judgment for religion-based discrimination in wills, and in particular wills that incorporate the gender-discriminatory Islamic system of inheritance. After explaining the Constitutional Court judgment, the note argues that the Court was well within its powers to consider the enforceability of discrimination in the private sphere. More importantly, we argue that the case rings a bell of caution regarding gender-discriminatory provisions in private wills. Gender-based discrimination in Islamic inheritance law perpetuates disadvantage against a historically disadvantaged group, and the courts and legislature have been emphatic in their stance against gender discrimination in inheritance. The note thus argues that a testator's religious beliefs are not enough to tip the scales and render gender discrimination justifiable. We urge individuals who want to dispose of their assets following their religious beliefs to seek estate planning advice, cognisant of the potential impact of King v De Jager CC.

Published
2022

31. Resultados de un programa de prácticas de farmacia en un hospital terciario de referencia

Author

El-Lababidi,Rania and Osman,Fatima

Subjects
Con base en el hospital, Farmacia, Programa de prácticas
Abstract

Resumen Objetivo: Diseñar, implementar y evaluar un programa de prácticas de farmacia dentro de un hospital que cumpliera con los requisitos formativos de los graduados en farmacia y les permitiese posteriormente acceder al examen de licencia para ejercer como farmacéuticos en los Emiratos Árabes Unidos. Método: El programa de prácticas de farmacia fue diseñado como un programa de 6 meses, a tiempo completo, y enfocado a la adquisición de competencias. El desempeño de los participantes se evaluó minuciosamente mediante un método de evaluación continua mensual. Los participantes que completaron con éxito el programa podían presentarse al Examen del Departamento de Salud (examen de licencia) para obtener la licencia de farmacéutico. Se realizaron encuestas a los participantes del programa para evaluar su satisfacción general con el mismo. Resultados: El programa ha capacitado a 53 participantes en los últimos 5 años. Todos los participantes completaron el programa de prácticas de 6 meses. De los 53 graduados que participaron, 45 completaron la encuesta sobre el programa de prácticas. Los participantes manifestaron una gran satisfacción con el formato y el contenido del programa. Conclusiones: La estructura del programa de prácticas en farmacia hospitalaria fue un éxito en sus primeros 5 años de existencia y resultó ser viable y sostenible. El programa se consideró altamente beneficioso para el crecimiento profesional y personal de los participantes y les proporcionó las competencias y habilidades necesarias para incorporarse con éxito al mundo laboral.

Published
2022

35. Mshengu v Estate Late Mshengu 9223/2016P: Considering the ownership of house property in customary law.

Author

Osman, Fatima

Subjects
CUSTOMARY law, HOUSING, FAMILIES, LEGISLATION, POLITICAL science
Abstract

The Recognition of Customary Marriages Amendment Act 1 of 2021 was enacted to address the proprietary consequences of customary marriages. This note examines the implications of the Amendment Act in light of the Mshengu v Estate Mshengu 9223/2016P judgment, which was decided shortly after the Amendment Act came into effect. Three key issues are analysed: first the potential conflict between the Amendment Act and the Reform of Customary Law of Succession and Regulation of Related Matters Act 11 of 2009 in relation to the ownership of house property; second the challenges in classifying property as house or family property; and third the impact of the devolution of property on the rights of other family members. The analysis emphasises the importance of soliciting input from communities who live according to customary law and highlights the need for legislation that is flexibly drafted to accommodate nuanced customary law practices and provide avenues for redress in cases where statutory provisions yield unfair outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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36. Comment on the Single Marriage Statute: Implications for Customary Marriages, Polygynous Marriages and Life Partnerships

Author

Osman, Fatima, Department of Private Law, and Faculty of Law

Subjects
Single Marriage Statute, customary marriage, polygyny, life partnership
Abstract

The South African Law Reform Commission has proposed a single marriage statute to reconcile the several enactments regulating marriage in South Africa. This comment argues that the Bill should include old customary marriages in its definition of a customary marriage and is underinclusive in its recognition of polygyny with a religious or cultural basis and not the more general practice of polygamy. Furthermore, the requirement of cohabitation for the recognition of a life partnership is onerous and may exclude vulnerable parties from protection. While the Bill is commended for requiring a husband to obtain the consent of existing wives before he concludes a further marriage, the note recommends that the Bill give meaning to the notion of consent. Finally, the Bill must address existing issues within the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998 which have invalidated a range of customary marriages too often at the expense of women.

Published
2021

40. Additional file 7 of Genome analysis of Spiroplasma citri strains from different host plants and its leafhopper vectors

Author

Rattner, Rachel, Shree Prasad Thapa, Dang, Tyler, Osman, Fatima, Vijayanandraj Selvaraj, Maheshwari, Yogita, Pagliaccia, Deborah, Espindola, Andres S., Hajeri, Subhas, Jianchi Chen, Coaker, Gitta, Vidalakis, Georgios, and Yokomi, Raymond

Abstract

Additional file 7: Supplementary Fig. S3. Predicted prophage sequences in Spiroplasma citri genomes. Prophage annotation was performed by PHASTER (PHAge Search Tool – Enhanced Release). The program predicts the completeness of the predicted prophages, based on the proportion of phage genes in the identified region. Green bars are scored as intact (score > 90); blue bars are questionable (score 70–90); red bars are incomplete (score

Published
2021
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41. Additional file 5 of Genome analysis of Spiroplasma citri strains from different host plants and its leafhopper vectors

Author

Rattner, Rachel, Shree Prasad Thapa, Dang, Tyler, Osman, Fatima, Vijayanandraj Selvaraj, Maheshwari, Yogita, Pagliaccia, Deborah, Espindola, Andres S., Hajeri, Subhas, Jianchi Chen, Coaker, Gitta, Vidalakis, Georgios, and Yokomi, Raymond

Subjects
animal structures, stomatognathic system
Abstract

Additional file 5: Supplementary Fig. S1. Phylogenetic analysis of Spiroplasma strains. Maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Spiroplasma based on core orthologous genes. In total, 601 orthologous genes were concatenated, and a maximum-likelihood approach was used to generate the phylogeny with 1000 bootstrap replicates. Bootstrap values are indicated at each node. The resulting phylogeny was visualized using FigTree v.1.4.3 [70]. S. citri strains analyzed in this report are underlined.

Published
2021
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42. Additional file 6 of Genome analysis of Spiroplasma citri strains from different host plants and its leafhopper vectors

Author

Rattner, Rachel, Shree Prasad Thapa, Dang, Tyler, Osman, Fatima, Vijayanandraj Selvaraj, Maheshwari, Yogita, Pagliaccia, Deborah, Espindola, Andres S., Hajeri, Subhas, Jianchi Chen, Coaker, Gitta, Vidalakis, Georgios, and Yokomi, Raymond

Abstract

Additional file 6: Supplementary Fig. S2. Dot-Matrix representation of a BLASTn comparison of complete Spiroplasma citri genome sequences. The chromosome of each newly assembled strain (X-axis) was compared to the reference sequence, strain R8-A2 (Y-axis). A) C189; B) LB 319; C) BR12; D) CC-2; E) C5; F) BLH-13; G) BLH-MB.

Published
2021
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46. Precedent, waiver and the constitutional analysis of handing over the bride [discussion of Sengadi v Tsambo 2018 JDR 2151 (GJ)]

Author

Osman, Fatima, Department of Private Law, and Faculty of Law

Subjects
Recognition of Customary Marriages Act, customary marriage, requirements, waiver, Sengadi
Abstract

The Sengadi v Tsambo (“Sengadi”) judgment was a high-profile case that highlighted the difficulties experienced by courts adjudicating the existence of a customary marriage. The note argues that living customary law should be instructive in the enquiry and courts should ascertain and give effect to the living customary law on the matter. Previous court judgments may be a source of law but should not be used as precedent as it risks distorting and ossifying the law. Furthermore, courts should be cognisant of – and give effect to – the nuanced manners in which people experience customary law, such as the waiver of some requirements of a customary marriage. The note further explores whether ubuntu may be useful in determining whether to recognise a customary-law marriage.

Published
2020

47. The recognition of customary marriages amendment bill: much ado about nothing?

Author

Osman, Fatima, Department of Private Law, and Faculty of Law

Subjects
Recognition of Customary Marriages Amendment Bill, proprietary consequences, customary marriage
Abstract

The Recognition of Customary Marriages Amendment Bill provides that spouses in polygamous marriages concluded before the commencement of the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998 have joint rights of ownership, management and control over marital property. The Bill creates uncertainty by failing to explain what is meant by joint rights of ownership and control, which uncertainty is exacerbated by the incorporation of the terms ‘marital’, ‘personal’, ‘house’ and ‘family’ property without concrete definitions of these terms. The burden will fall to courts to re-imagine the antiquated definitions of these concepts in the current socioeconomic context. Moreover, the amendments are not reconciled within the existing legal framework. Consequently, women in polygamous marriages concluded before the Act’s commencement may, counter-intuitively, have greater rights than those women in polygamous marriages concluded after the commencement of the Act. The note thus argues for substantial revisions before the Bill is passed.

Published
2020

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