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6. Ozone Treatment as a Green Technology for Removing Chlorpyrifos Residues from Vegetables and Its Impact on the Quality of Vegetables.

Author

Osman, Khaled A., Mohamed, Hala H. Elsayed, and Salama, Maher S.

Subjects
*BELL pepper, *SOLID phase extraction, *LEEK, *VEGETABLE quality, *VITAMIN C, *CUCUMBERS
Abstract

Because residues of chlorpyrifos being the most common in vegetables that are generally consumed uncooked and the demand for healthy vegetables has increased, an effective approach to remove these residues from vegetables is necessary. This study aimed to determine how effectively chlorpyrifos residues could be removed from a variety of vegetables by utilizing low concentrations of ozonated water as a green technology over different contact times. Solid-phase extraction was employed, and then residues were analyzed using GC‒MS. The study illustrated that the initial concentration of chlorpyrifos residues in arugula > parsley > leek > tomato > carrot > cucumber > cabbage > bell pepper. The % chlorpyrifos removal ranged 30–83, 91–97, 80–92, 92–95, 87–97, 95–97, 64–100, and 90–97% for bell pepper, tomato, cucumber, carrot, arugula, parsley, cabbage, and leek, respectively. A first-order kinetic model was assumed to explore the removal of chlorpyrifos and degradation rate constants increased as follows: parsley > carrot ≈ leek > arugula > tomato > cucumber > cabbage > bell pepper, with the absence of the chlorpyrifos-oxon which is more toxic than the parent chlorpyrifos after ozone treatments. Importantly, the use of ozonated water for chlorpyrifos removal had no appreciable adverse effects on the total phenolic compound, vitamin C levels, or free radical scavenging activity in most of the tested vegetables. These findings imply that ozone technology is a safe and effective method for eliminating chlorpyrifos from the surface of vegetables, potentially lowering the risk to consumer health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Biomarkers of oral subacute toxicity of deltamethrin in exposed male Albino rats.

Author

Elbanna, Rania, Osman, Khaled A, and Salama, Maher S

Subjects
*DELTAMETHRIN, *GLUTATHIONE peroxidase, *ALKALINE phosphatase, *LEUCOCYTES, *ERYTHROCYTES, *NEUTROPHILS, *AGRICULTURE, *MOUTH, *RATS
Abstract

Deltamethrin is one of the most effective pyrethroid compounds, widely employed in veterinary medicine, public health, and farming. Deltamethrin-triggered oxidative stress largely causes serious harm to an organism. Acute toxicity of this compound was extensively investigated, while less information is available on its oral sub-acute effects. This study assessed, in the male Albino rats, the effects of oral gavage of either 0.874 mg/kg (0.01 LD50) or 8.740 mg/kg (0.10 LD50) of deltamethrin for successive 14 days to investigate its effects on biomarkers and to detect the tissue injury in rats following subacute deltamethrin treatment. It was found that levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the brain, kidney, and liver, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and uric acid in serum, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC)s, eosinophils, and basophils were significantly reduced compared with untreated rats. However, when rats were treated with deltamethrin for successive 14 days, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in serum and the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) in brain, kidney, and liver, red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV), total protein, monocytes, and basophils and the ratios of neutrophils to lymphocytes, an aggregated marker of systemic inflammation and systemic immune inflammation indexes, significantly increased compared with the control group. Histologic lesions were observed in the liver, kidney, brain, testis, and epidemies in rats exposed to subacute deltamethrin for 14 days, and most tissues of rats treated with 0.10 LD50 of deltamethrin were more affected than those treated with 0.01 LD50. These findings strongly suggest that subacute exposure to deltamethrin caused significant systemic toxicity through oxidative stress resulting in biochemical and histological changes in the studied tissues. These findings highlight the potential harmful effects of deltamethrin and emphasize the importance of understanding the subacute effects of this compound, particularly in the context of veterinary medicine, public health, and farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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25. Effect Of The MQL Technique On Cutting Force And Surface Quality During The Slot Milling Of Titanium Alloy

Author

Ünver, Hakkı Özgür, Yilmaz, Volkan, Kilic, S. Engin, Seker, Ulvi, Osman, Khaled Ali, Ünver, Hakkı Özgür, Yilmaz, Volkan, Kilic, S. Engin, Seker, Ulvi, and Osman, Khaled Ali

Abstract

In this study, the effects of four control parameters, i.e., the cutting speed (v(c)), feed per tooth (f), depth of cut (a(p)), and flow rate of the cutting fluid (Q), on the surface roughness (R-a) and cutting force (F-c) were investigated in the slot milling of titanium alloys (Ti-6A1-4V). The effects of the control parameters were determined by a statistical analysis. In addition, RSM models for R-a and F-c during machining under three cooling/lubrication conditions, i.e., dry, flood, and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), were obtained. The results revealed that both R-a and F-c are sensitive to changes in f, a(p) and Q. It was found that the MQL condition generates lower values of R-a where the surface roughness value is 0.227 mu m. By contrast. F-c values under the MQL condition were close to those of the flood condition and at times even better. The machining performance at a cutting-fluid flow rate of 36 mL/h under the MQL condition was found to be the best under certain machining conditions. MQL was found to be an effective alternative technique for conventional conditions when machining Ti-6Al-4V.

Published
2022

26. Effect Of The MQL Technique On Cutting Force And Surface Quality During The Slot Milling Of Titanium Alloy

Author

Yilmaz, Volkan, Ünver, Hakkı Özgür, Osman, Khaled Ali, Seker, Ulvi, Kilic, S. Engin, Yilmaz, Volkan, Ünver, Hakkı Özgür, Osman, Khaled Ali, Seker, Ulvi, and Kilic, S. Engin

Abstract

In this study, the effects of four control parameters, i.e., the cutting speed (v(c)), feed per tooth (f), depth of cut (a(p)), and flow rate of the cutting fluid (Q), on the surface roughness (R-a) and cutting force (F-c) were investigated in the slot milling of titanium alloys (Ti-6A1-4V). The effects of the control parameters were determined by a statistical analysis. In addition, RSM models for R-a and F-c during machining under three cooling/lubrication conditions, i.e., dry, flood, and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), were obtained. The results revealed that both R-a and F-c are sensitive to changes in f, a(p) and Q. It was found that the MQL condition generates lower values of R-a where the surface roughness value is 0.227 mu m. By contrast. F-c values under the MQL condition were close to those of the flood condition and at times even better. The machining performance at a cutting-fluid flow rate of 36 mL/h under the MQL condition was found to be the best under certain machining conditions. MQL was found to be an effective alternative technique for conventional conditions when machining Ti-6Al-4V.

Published
2022

34. Slot milling of titanium alloy with hexagonal boron nitride and minimum quantity lubrication and multi-objective process optimization for energy efficiency

Author

Kılıç, Sadık Engin, Seker, Ulvi, Osman, Khaled Ali, Yılmaz, Volkan, Ünver, Hakkı Özgür, Kılıç, Sadık Engin, Seker, Ulvi, Osman, Khaled Ali, Yılmaz, Volkan, and Ünver, Hakkı Özgür

Abstract

The implementation of sustainable manufacturing techniques to make machining processes more eco-friendly is a challenging topic that has attracted significant attention from the industrial sector for many years. As one of the dominant manufacturing processes, machining can have a considerable impact in terms of ecology, society, and economics. In certain areas, this impact is a result of using certain cutting fluids, especially during the machining of difficult-to-cut alloys such as titanium, where a large amount of cutting fluid is wasted to ease the cutting process. In such scenarios, identifying suitable machining conditions to supply cutting fluids using eco-friendly techniques is currently a major focus of academic and industrial sector research. In this study, effects of minimum quantity lubrication with different concentrations of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles on the surface roughness and cutting force of slot-milled titanium alloy is investigated using analysis of variance and response surface methodology. The results reveal that all responses are sensitive to changes in the feed per tooth, cutting depth, and cutting fluid flow rate. The regression functions generated were combined with particle swarm optimization in order to improve energy-efficiency, as well. Possible sectorial scenarios were generated for wider industrial adoption. With this study, it was proven that utilizing minimum quantity lubrication with hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles can reduce both cutting force and surface roughness, which makes it to be a promising alternative as a nanoparticle augmented minimum quantity lubrication method for machining titanium alloys. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2020

35. Slot milling of titanium alloy with hexagonal boron nitride and minimum quantity lubrication and multi-objective process optimization for energy efficiency

Author

Seker, Ulvi, Osman, Khaled Ali, Kılıç, Sadık Engin, Yılmaz, Volkan, Ünver, Hakkı Özgür, Seker, Ulvi, Osman, Khaled Ali, Kılıç, Sadık Engin, Yılmaz, Volkan, and Ünver, Hakkı Özgür

Abstract

The implementation of sustainable manufacturing techniques to make machining processes more eco-friendly is a challenging topic that has attracted significant attention from the industrial sector for many years. As one of the dominant manufacturing processes, machining can have a considerable impact in terms of ecology, society, and economics. In certain areas, this impact is a result of using certain cutting fluids, especially during the machining of difficult-to-cut alloys such as titanium, where a large amount of cutting fluid is wasted to ease the cutting process. In such scenarios, identifying suitable machining conditions to supply cutting fluids using eco-friendly techniques is currently a major focus of academic and industrial sector research. In this study, effects of minimum quantity lubrication with different concentrations of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles on the surface roughness and cutting force of slot-milled titanium alloy is investigated using analysis of variance and response surface methodology. The results reveal that all responses are sensitive to changes in the feed per tooth, cutting depth, and cutting fluid flow rate. The regression functions generated were combined with particle swarm optimization in order to improve energy-efficiency, as well. Possible sectorial scenarios were generated for wider industrial adoption. With this study, it was proven that utilizing minimum quantity lubrication with hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles can reduce both cutting force and surface roughness, which makes it to be a promising alternative as a nanoparticle augmented minimum quantity lubrication method for machining titanium alloys. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2020

44. İşlenmesi zor malzemelerin minimum miktarda yağlama yöntemi kullanılarak sürdürülebilir talaşlı imalatı

Author

Osman, Khaled Ali, Kılıç, Sadık Engin, Ünver, Hakkı Özgür, and Mühendislik Sistemlerinin Modellenmesi ve Tasarımı Anabilim Dalı

Subjects
Mechanical Engineering, Makine Mühendisliği
Abstract

Küresel sanayi eğilimleri talaşlı işlemlerin doğa dostu ve sürdürülebilir imalat açısından kabul edilebilir nitelikte olması yönündedir. Bu bakımdan kesme sıvısı tüketiminin azaltılması statejileri fazlaca ilgi çekici ve zorlu bir araştırma konusu olarak literatürde geniş bir şekilde tartışılagelmektedir. Kesme sıvısı kullanımına alternatif olmak üzere çok sayıda etkin strateji önerilmiştir. En az miktarda yağlama yöntemi çevre dostu ve ekonomik oluşuyla bu yöntemlerden bıri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Talaşlı işlemlerde en az miktarda yağlama yöntemi uygulamalarındaki yüksek beklentilere karşın, bu yöntemin özellikle Ti alaşımları (Ti 6Al 4V) gibi. işlenmesi zor malzemelerde kullanımında hala çok sayıda kısıtlayıcı bulunmaktadır. En az miktarda yağlama yönteminin bu türlü zor işlem koşullarındaki yetersizliği en kesme sıvılarının az miktarda yağlama uygulamasındaki özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesine odaklanan çeşitli yöntemler üzerinde çalışmalara yol açmıştır. Son yıllarda bu yöndeki çalışmaların çoğunun en az miktarda yağlamada nanoteknoloji kullanımıyla iyileştirme sağlamak üzerine olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Ti 6Al 4V malzemenin kanal frezelenmesinde enaz miktarda yağlayıcı sisteminde hegzagonal boron nitrür (hBN) nano parçacıklı kesme sıvısı kullanan doğa dostu yağlama/soğutma stratejisi için özgün bir yaklaşım önerilmektedir. Bu çalışmadaki özgünlük nano akışkan kullanımıyla kesme sıvısının yağlama/soğutma etkinliğini ve enaz miktar yağlayıcı yöntemindeki ısıl iletkenliği artırarak Ti 6Al 4V'nin işlenebilirliğini iyileştirmek yönündedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, araştırma özellikle kesme sıvısı içine dağılmış hBN parçacıklarının etkisi üzerine odaklanmaktadır. hBN nano parçacıklı enaz miktar yağlayıcı uygulamasının Ti 6Al 4V malzemenin kanal ferezelenme işlemi üzerindeki etkisinin kapsamlı şekilde anlaşılabilmesi için çok sayıda deney planlanlanarak gerçekleştirilmiş ve hBN parçacıklı enaz miktarda yağlayıcı kullanılarak elde edilen sonuçlar, kesme sıvısı kullanmadan, yüksek debili kesme sıvısı kullanarak ve enaz miktarda yağlayıcı kullanarak elde edilen sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Kesme kuvveti (Fc) ve yüzey pürüzlüğü (Ra) ölçüm değerlerinin her biri beş seviyedeen oluşan 5 faktörle: kesme hızı (v), diş başına ilerleme (fn), eksenel kesme derinliği (ap), kesme sıvısı akış hızı (Q) and hBN nano parçacık konsentrasyonu ile değişimini belirlemek üzere Cevap Yüzeyi Metodolojisine dayalı Merkezi Karma Tasarımı kullanılarak deney tasarımı oluşturulmuştur. Cevap Yüzey Metodolojisi kullanılarak deney sonuçlarından oluşturulan ortalama yüzey pürüzlülüğü Ra ve Özgül kesme enerjisi (SEC) için oluşturulan modeller kullanılarak Çok Amaçlı Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu (PSO) çalışması yapıldı. Çalışma sonuçları tüm çıktıların diş başı ilerleme, eksenelkesme derinliği ve kesme sıvısı akış hızına duyarlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak bu çıktılar kesme hızına duyarlı değildir. Ayrıca, enaz kesme sıvısı (MQL) hBN nano parçacıklarla birlikte uygulandığında kesme kuvveti Fc ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü Ra değerleri azalmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Ti 6Al 4V malzemenin işlenmesinde hBN nano parçacıklarla birlikte enaz kesme sıvısı (MQL) uygulamasının geleneksel akıtma kesme sıvısı uygulamasına etkin bir alternative olduğu belirlenmiştir. Global industrial trends are leaning towards making machining processes eco friendly and acceptable for sustainable manufacturing. In this regard, reduction strategies for cutting fluid (CF) consumption have been widely discussed in the literature as a highly challenging issue. Numerous effective strategies have been proposed as an alternative to the use of cutting fluids. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is one of them which promises to be both economical and environmentally friendly. Despite the high expectations from MQL applications in machining processes, there is still a number of limitations to MQL application especially in machining difficult-to-cut materials such as titanium alloys (Ti 6Al 4V). Insufficiency of MQL under such extreme conditions has led to other works focusing on exploring different methods to improve the properties of MQL applications of the cutting fluids. In this respect, much effort has been devoted in recent years to achieving an improvement in MQL by adopting nanotechnology. This study proposes a novel approach to an eco-friendly lubrication/cooling strategy by integrating MQL with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) for use in slot milling of Ti 6Al 4V. The novelty here lies in increasing the lubrication/cooling effect and enhancing the thermal conductivity of the MQL technique by means of nanofluids to improve Ti 6Al 4V machinability. For this purpose, the research specifically focuses on the effects of dispersed hBN into a fatty oil (cutting fluid). Therefore, to build a comprehensive understanding of the effect of using MQL with hBN on responses during the slot milling of Ti 6Al 4V, all results were compared with dry, flood and MQL conditions. Based upon the response surface method (RSM), the central composite design (CCD) has been utilized to create the design of experiments using 5 levels and 5 factors for cutting force (Fc) and surface roughness (Ra) measurements according to combinations of control parameters, i.e., cutting speed (v), feed per tooth (ft), axial depth (ap), flow rate of cutting fluid (Q) and concentrations of hBN (NPs). The study was then focused on a Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) utilizing RSM models in terms of Ra and the specific cutting energy (SEC). The results reveal that all responses are sensitive to changes in the feed per tooth, axial depth of cut and cutting fluid flow rate. However, these responses are not sensitive to changes in the cutting speed. In addition, utilizing MQL with hBN nanoparticles can reduce Fc and Ra. In conclusion, MQL with hBN nanoparticles is found to be an effective alternative technique for conventional flood lubrication when machining Ti 6Al 4V. 108

Published
2019

45. Application of minimum quantity lubrication techniques in machining process of titanium alloy for sustainability: a review

Author

Şeker, Ulvi, Osman, Khaled Ali, Ünver, Hakkı Özgür, Şeker, Ulvi, Osman, Khaled Ali, and Ünver, Hakkı Özgür

Abstract

Recently, the manufacturing sector is increasingly keen to apply sustainability at all levels of sustainability from system to products and processes. At the processes level, cutting fluids (CFs) are among the most unsustainable materials and need to be addressed properly in accordance with three main and decisive aspects, also known as the triple bottom line: ecology, society, and economics. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is a promising technique that minimizes the use of CFs, thus improving sustainability. This paper presents a review of the literature available on the use of the MQL technique during different machining processes involving titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V). To carry out the study, four search engines were used to focus on the most cited articles published over a span of 17years from 2000 to 2016. The performance and drawbacks are compiled for each eco-friendly technique: dry, MQL, and cryogenics with combinations of MQL and cryogenics, critically considering machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, and output measures, namely surface roughness, tool life, and cutting temperature. After drawing conclusions from critical evaluation of research body, future research avenues in the field are proposed for the academics and industry.

Published
2019

46. Recent, Eco-friendly Approach for Controlling Culex pipiens (L.) using Novel Synthesized Cadmium Sulphide Nanoparticles of Ocimum basillicum Extract.

Author

Aly, Mohammed Z. Y., Osman, Khaled S. M., Omar, Eman M., and Mahmoud, Mervat A.

Subjects
*CULEX pipiens, *CADMIUM sulfide, *BASIL, *FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy, *TRANSMISSION electron microscopes
Abstract

Mosquitoes are the key vector for the transmission of serious parasites and pathogens which affect many people worldwide. The massive overuse of synthetic mosquito insecticides had developed resistance in mosquitoes. Therefore, the need for reliable and eco-friendly control techniques became crucial. Nanoparticle fabrication is a cutting-edge and trending method. The green production of cadmium sulphide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) utilizing Ocimum basillicum leaves as a sophisticated and effective strategy against Culex pipiens was demonstrated in this study. CdS nanoparticles are characterized by a series of techniques including UV-Vis spectrophotometry, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). CdS nanoparticles (CdS NPs) were highly effective against the larvae (3rd instars) of Culex pipiens after 24 hours of treatment. The LC50 of CdS NPs was 0.0113 g/l. Meanwhile, the LC50 of Ocimum basillicum aqueous extract of leaves was 52.36 g/l. There was no mortality in the control group. CdS NPs also increased larval and pupal duration significantly. Furthermore, it had a deleterious impact on pupation and adult emergence rates. Post-treatment imaging using a light microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results in larvae had deformities and constrictions in the head and thorax area. The abdomen (digestive tract and respiratory canal) was completely deformed, however, the syphon remained unaffected with typical spiracular valves and very minor abnormalities on the tracheal trunk surface and muscle fibre. Conclusion: Overall, this study suggested that the use of Ocimum basillicum leaves extract mediated synthesis of CdS nanoparticles can be used for controlling Culex pipiens. This is the first study to look at the larvicidal potential of CdS NPs synthesized by Ocimum basillicum leaves extract against Culex pipiens and the potential impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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50. Biochemical and genotoxic effects of some pesticides on the Egyptian Toads, Sclerophrys regularis(Reuss, 1833)

Author

Osman, Khaled A., Ali, Amira, Ahmed, Nabila S., and El-Seedy, Ayman S.

Abstract

•Bifenthrin was highly toxic to the Egyptian toads, followed by temephos, glyphosate and then CuSO4.•These pesticides could change the genetic and biochemical parameters of the Egyptian toads.•The Egyptian toads can be used as bioindicators of environmental pollution.

Published
2022
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