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Copyright of Journal of Ottoman Legacy Studies (OMAD) / Osmanlı Mirası Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Ottoman Legacy Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Language & Literature is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Türk dili, Balkanlar’dan Çin’e kadar çok geniş bir alana dağılmış, akraba diller ile birlikte milyonlarca insanın konuşma ve yazı dilidir. Uray-Altay dil ailesinin Altay koluna mensup olan Türkçe, geniş bir alanda kullanıldığından, temel itibarıyla Doğu ve Batı Türkçesi şeklinde tasnife tutulur. Günümüzde kullanılan Türkiye Türkçesi tarihsel hattı içerisinde bu tasnifin Batı tarafına aidiyet taşımaktadır ve tarihsel macerasında Selçuklu siyasasını temsilen Eski Anadolu Türkçesi, Osmanlı Devlet-i Âliye geleneği içerisinde Arapça ve Farsça ile biçimlenen Osmanlı Türkçesi, nihayetinde Batılılaşma tesiriyle Modern Türkçe oluşmuştur. Dilde sadeleşme ve yenilik amacıyla II. Meşrutiyetten itibaren bu yeni versiyon kullanılsa da dilin Batı’ya etkisi Osmanlı dönemine denk düşer. Osmanlının cihan devleti, Türkçe’nin de hâkim dil olduğu bu dönemde İngiliz ve İspanyol rekabetiyle mücadele eden Fransa, Avrupa’da nüfuzunu artırmak ve ticaret yollarını kontrol altında tutmak amacıyla yeni ittifaklar ve stratejiler arayışındaydı. Ülkesini daha ileriye taşıma niyetinde olan I. François (ö. 954/1547), 16. yüzyılda çağdaşı Kanuni Sultan Süleyman’la (ö. 974/1566) ilk diplomatik ilişkiyi başlattı. Bu ilişki ağının 17. yüzyılda hızlanarak devam etmesi üzerine Fransız yetkililer Türk kültürünü ve dilini daha yakından tanımak istediler. İki ülke arasında gelişen bu olumlu atmosfer, Fransa’da Türkçe dil eğitiminin başlamasını da beraberinde getirdi. Fransız devlet adamları 16. yüzyıldan itibaren başta Osmanlı olmak üzere Doğu dillerinde uzmanlaşmış diplomat, tercüman ve öğretmen yetiştirme işini gündemlerine aldıklarında birçok kanun teklifini yürürlüğe koydular ve dil okullarının açılmasını hızlandırdılar. Bu okullar içerisinde kuruluşu 17. yüzyıla kadar giden Inalco’nun yeri ve ciddiyeti farklıdır. Kapsamlı bir dil okulu ve Şarkiyat Kurumu olan bu okulda Türkçe dil eğitiminin başlaması, Türk kürsüsünün tarihi serüveni, Türkçe dersi veren eğitmenlerin niteliği ve burada üretilen Türkçe eserlerin özelliği bir araştırma konusu olmayı hak etmektedir. Böylesi bir araştırma günümüz Türkçe eğitimine de katkı sağlayacaktır ve aynı zamanda dil üzerinden din ve kültüre müdahalenin nasıl yapıldığını aydınlatacaktır. Türkoloji sahasına giren konuları aydınlatmayı hedefleyen bu çalışmada Inalco’da yapılan araştırma ve izlenimlerimizin yanı sıra nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılarak cevabı beklenen sorular ve problemler üzerinde durulacaktır.

Copyright of Turcology Research is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

an-Naḥv science, which is among the Arabic language sciences, focuses on Arabic grammar and has an important place in the history of Islamic science and thought. It is possible to divide Arabic literature in general, and the science and history of an-Naḥv in particular, into various periods from the time of ignorance to the present day. One of these periods is the Ottoman period, which covers the period between 1516 and 1802, and holds an important place in Arabic literature. During the Ottoman period, great importance was given to Arabic, which formed the basis of classical sciences, and linguistic sciences based on Arabic were mainly taught in the madrasahs of this period. On the basis of these sciences, there is aṣ-S̠arf, an-Naḥv and al-balāġah. 'Ābidīn Pasha is one of the late Ottoman scholars; He is a versatile scholar who has written works on many fields, from syntax to literature, from Sufism to theology, from philosophy to economics and the stock market. 'Ābidīn Pasha was born in Preveza in 1843. While he served as governor in many places, such as Selānik, Adana, Sivas, Ankara, and Cezāyir-i Baḥr-i Sefīd (Mediterranean Islands), he also served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs for a short time. Pasha, who was fluent in Arabic, Persian, Albanian, French, and Greek, wrote poems in Greek. 'Ābidīn Pasha stands out mostly with his Mes̠nevī commentary. However, it is possible to say that his treatises and works on other fields are also very valuable. 'Ābidīn Pasha, who knew five different languages well, also wrote a work on Arabic grammar called Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Nahv-i 'Arabī. The work was printed on 1312/1895 at the Rhodes Cezāyir-i Baḥr-i Sefīd Provincial Printing House and was transferred to the digital environment in 2012 by the Istanbul Development Agency within the scope of the project of cataloging rare works of the Ottoman period. Although most of 'Ābidīn Pasha's works have been discussed in various studies, no separate study has been conducted on his work Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Nahv-i 'Arabī. Descriptive and explanatory methods were used in this study. This work has been examined under two main headings: general grammar and al-i'rāb subjects. In the work, subjects such as word types, al-avāmil as-Samā'ıyya and al-avāmil al-kıyāsiyya, almarfu' āt, al-mansûbāt and al-macrûrāt are discussed in detail. In addition to these, the issues of al-i'rāb al-lafzī, al-i'rāb at-takhdīrī and al-i'rāb al-mahallī are also discussed, but the al-i'rāb of subjects such as "kāne" - "inne" and others like them, at-ta'kīd, al-badal, atf al-bayān has not been entered into in detail. Subjects such as at-tahzīr, al-iġrā, al-ihtisās, expressions indicating exaggeration, ism at-tafdīl, and verbs expressing praise, blame, or surprise were not touched upon. It can be stated that 'Ābidīn Pasha did not address such issues for reasons such as the topics being less usable than others or the book being a concise work. In this respect, it can be said that the work was written with the aim of teaching syntax in a short and easy manner. The author did not include an independent bibliography in his work. However, It is possible to say that basic grammatical works such as the Birgivī Mehmed Efendi's al-'Avāmil ve al-İzhār, İbn al-Hājib's al-Kāfiye, İbn Hişām's Muğnī al-Labīb and Kavâ'id al-İ'rāb, al-Kāfiye commentary, also known as Molla Câmî (al-Favā'id az-Ziyā'iyye) in relation to the person who commented, are among the sources of 'Ābidīn Pasha. Until the Tanzimat period in the Ottoman Empire, independent works, commentaries, and annotations related to an-naḥv were generally written in Arabic. With Tanzimat, ideas such as Turkishness in the language, writing works in Turkish, searching for new methods in teaching grammar, and facilitating grammar gained importance. In fact, after the Tanzimat period, works centering on these ideas increased. It can be said that 'Ābidīn Pasha, who wrote his work in Turkish, was also influenced by these thoughts and aimed to teach an-naḥv to the students using a new method based on their mother tongue. It can be stated that Abidin Pasha also had the idea of teaching an-naḥv easily or making it easier. When Arabic grammatical subjects were generally covered in detail, the fact that 'Ābidīn Pasha did not go into detail regarding these subjects refers to the same point. In fact, in the title of his work, he states that he deals with Arabic nahw using a new method. In his work titled Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Nahv-i 'Arabī, 'Ābidīn Pasha firstly explains the concepts related to the subject he deals with in Turkish. In this context, he includes basic concepts such as an-naḥv, al-i'rāb, al-mabnī, al-mu'rab. He then explained the topics covered with many examples. The method of handling 'Ābidīn Pasha's work and the division of subjects are largely similar to the works. After describing an-naḥv, he started his work with the classical classification of words consisting of nouns, verbs, and letters/prepositions. In this context, it can be said that it is in the line of Sībeveyhi and İbn al-Hājib. A similar situation exists for other issues discussed. However, explaining the subject with examples from the Qur'an, hadith and old Arabic poetry, which is frequently seen in classical works, is not frequently seen in 'Ābidīn Pasha's work. All of the grammatical concepts discussed in the work titled Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Nahv-i 'Arabī are explained in Ottoman Turkish. In this context, it is very important to provide Turkish explanations of the concepts of an-naḥv. Therefore, this work contains important materials for dictionary writers, especially in the context of an-naḥv. All Arabic examples given in this work have been translated into Turkish. It can be said that the aim here is for students who want to learn Arabic grammar at a basic level to understand the subjects more quickly by associating examples with their native language. Another aspect that makes the work important is that 'Ābidīn Pasha includes separately the issues that are likely to be confused with each other in the syntax under the title of al-ikhtār/warning. In addition, it also includes situations that are irregular or exceptional in Arabic grammar. In this way, it attempts to eliminate possible confusion that may arise in the reader's mind. Using this method, he followed a different method from the works written in the classical period. In fact, this method is not often encountered in classical studies. The author, who thinks that Arabic grammar cannot be learned without much consideration, states that he wrote his work using a new method and fluent style. Even though 'Ābidīn Pasha includes some features and rules in the context of grammar, he said that it is only possible to know some words fully with semā,' "the habit of hearing and reading a lot of text." While the method of the work is mostly similar to classical works written in the Ottoman period, it differs from them at some points. There were no exercises regarding the topics discussed in this study. Although the sources mention that the work was used in the madrasahs of the Tanzimat period, there is no information that it was taught as a textbook. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences / Uluslararasi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was carried out to determine the opinions, interests and views formed in the minds of high school students about Ottoman Turkish and the Ottoman Turkish lesson, and to determine the opinions of the students about the lesson by making a comparison between the students who took the lesson and those who did not. Phenomenology and case study patterns were used as a qualitative research method in the study. Data were collected with the participation of a total of 76 high school students. Interview method was used for data collection and content analysis method was used for data analysis. As a data collection tool, a structured interview form prepared with open-ended research questions was used. In the study, the answers given by high school students to the questions we prepared about Ottoman Turkish, and its course were coded and separated into themes and frequency values were given according to these themes. The data obtained from the research were collected under a total of 133 themes. Based on the determined themes, the opinions, and thoughts of the participants about the Ottoman Turkish lesson were included. According to the comparison made between the study groups, although there were students who stated the opposite, the most frequently mentioned situation by the students was "learning the past by learning Ottoman Turkish, establishing a connection between the past and the future, being able to read works from the past". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Dil Araştırmaları is the property of Journal of Dil Arastirmalari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of College of Languages is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The most powerful means of ensuring social communication is language. It is known that knowledge of the language, which is the primary actor of both oral and written communication of people with each other, undertake a serious function in shaping everyday life. Moreover, this situation is not valid only for the people sharing the same country’s lands. Thus, one of the most basic necessities of getting in touch with the outer world is having information about the language of the addressee country. It is known that this situation which is more valid in today’s world also had great importance in historical context. Just as today, knowledge of language was one of the essential matters facilitating the works of travelers who travel to different lands with curiosity of wanderers in the past eras. These people, who contacted directly with the public, carried out their work and solved their problems with their own efforts, needed to know the language not only to meet their personal needs more easily but also to gather information. Because having information about the language of the country they visited would give them a vast opportunity. By this means, travelers would take the opportunity of making more detailed and scientific analyses about the religious and political structure, customs and traditions, habits, and cultural values of the country they visited. In the light of all this information, in this study, it will be tried to provide information about Ottoman Turkish in line with a travel guide published by John Murray Publications in England in the nineteenth century. In addition, some basic concepts in Turkish and the connotations of these concepts evoke in the minds of Westerners will also be included in the study in the light of aforesaid travel guide. As a result, this study is written to reveal how the West perceived the Ottoman Empire, which is one of the main figures of the Eastern world, in certain aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Osmanlı Türkçesi veya galat-ı meşhur ile Osmanlıca temelde Türkçedir; zaman içerisinde Arapça ve Farsçadan ciddi düzeyde etkilenmiştir. Alfabesi Arap harflerine dayanır. Farsçadan da harfler almıştır. Söz varlığı temelde Türkçe olup Arapça ve Farsçadan önemli düzeyde kelime almıştır. Arapça, din dili olması hasebiyle camilerde ve bilim dili olarak da medreselerde ilgi görmüştür. Farsça ise yazın dili olarak Türk illerinde yayılmış ve özellikle Selçuklu saraylarında etkisini artırmıştır. Her iki dilin ortak yazısı olan Arap yazısı da hemen bütün İslâm dünyasının yazısı durumuna gelmiş, nitekim Türkler de kendi dillerinde yazabilmek için Arap yazısını benimsemişlerdir. Kaynaklara göre Anadolu’da yazılan ilk Türk dili grameri Bergamalı Kadri’nin yazdığı Müyessiretü’l-ʿulûm adlı eserdir. Bu çalışmanın dışında Osmanlı Türkçesi gramerinden ve kaidelerinden bahseden ilk kaynaklar 1840’lı yıllardan sonra yazılmaya başlanmıştır. Osmanlı Türkçesi grameri yazıcılığı 19. yüzyılın sonları 20. yüzyılın başlarında artarken günümüzde daha da ivme kazanmıştır. Nitekim bunda ecdadının mezar taşını okuyamayan gençlik söylemi etkili olmuştur. Osmanlı Türkçesi eğitiminin Millî Eğitim Bakanlıklarınca lise müfredatlarına zorunlu veya seçmeli dersler olarak okutulmasından sonra ve hemen her ilde kurulan üniversitelere bağlı İlahiyat ve Edebiyat Fakülteleri ve hâliyle öğrenci sayılarındaki artış Osmanlı Türkçesi grameri yazıcılığını cazibeli hâle getirmiş ve bu alanda bir sektör oluşmuştur. Bu dersi okutan pek çok araştırmacı kendi okutacağı bir Osmanlı Türkçesi grameri yazmaya başlamış, bu da piyasada Osmanlı Türkçesi yayınlarını artırmıştır. Tespitlerimize göre 19. yüzyılın sonları ve 20. yüzyılın başlarında yabancı dillerde Türkiye Türkçesi gramerleri de yazılmıştır. Almanca, Fransızca, İngilizce, İtalyanca, Latince, Macarca, Rusça ve Yunanca yazılmış Türkiye Türkçesi gramer çalışmaları ile yabancı müellifler kendi milletlerine Türkçe öğretmeyi amaçlamışlardır. Bütün bu çalışmalar Osmanlı Türkçesinin öğretilmesine yönelik katkı sunmak üzere yazılmalarına rağmen, sorunlu bazı konularda çözüm üretmeye yönelik çabalar daha karmaşık hâle gelmiştir. Örneğin bu araştırmanın da konusunu teşkil eden kâf harfi ile ilgili durum gerek 1840’lı yıllardan sonra yazılan gramer kitaplarında, gerekse günümüz araştırmacılarının yazdığı eserlerde incelendiğinde iki husus dikkati çekmektedir. Bunlardan biri alfabeyi oluşturan harf sayılarındaki değişiklik, diğeri ise bu sayıyı etkileyen kâf harfi ile ilgili tasnif ve adlandırmalardır. Osmanlı Türkçesinin üç dilden oluşması, Arap alfabesini kullanması, üç dilin söz varlığına sahip olması gibi durumlar, alfabesindeki harf sayısının farklılaşmasına ve bazı harflerin telaffuzunda sorunlar yaşanmasına sebep olmuştur. Harf sayısının farklı oluş sebeplerinden birinin doğrudan kâf harfi olduğu; Arapça, Farsça ve Türkçe kelimelerde kullanılan kâf harfinin seslendirmesinde ve tasnifinde sıkıntılar olduğu saptanmıştır. Osmanlı Türkçesi grameri ile ilgili 19. yüzyıldan bugüne kadar yazılan eserler incelendiğinde gerek alfabeyi oluşturan sayılardaki değişikliklerle ilgili gerekse kâf harfinin tasnif ve seslendirme problemleri ve bunlara çözüm önerileri hususunda bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu makalede hem alfabedeki harf sayılarına, hem de kâf harfinin tasnif ve seslendirme problemlerine dikkat çekilerek bu problemlerin çözümüne dair bazı tespitler sunulmuştur. Bu çalışma üç ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde; alfabenin harf sayısının farklılaşmasında çeşitli harflerin fonksiyonu ortaya konduğu gibi özellikle kâf’ın Osmanlı Türkçesi alfabesinde harf sayısına etkisi üzerinde durulmuş ve yapılan tahlillerle alfabe harf sayısı tespit edilmiştir. İkinci bölümde; kâf harfinin üçlü, dörtlü, beşli tasnifleri incelenmiş, kâf harfinin adlandırma ve seslendirmeleri tahlil edilmiştir. Son bölümde ise; kâf’ın tasnifi ve seslendirilmesiyle ilgili problemler değerlendirilmiş, yeni bir tasnif denemesinde bulunulmuştur. Yalnız gerek bu tasnifin gerekse daha önce yapılan tasniflerin kâf’ın hangi sesle okunacağına yönelik bir katkı sunmadığı açıktır. Bu nedenle çalışmanın sonunda kâf’ın seslendirme probleminin aşılmasına yönelik bazı tespitler yapılmıştır.

Since societies began to communicate with each other, cultural exchange has increased and the level of civilization has risen. As a result, languages also needed new words. Due to the fact that Turkish is an agglutinative language, the derivation of new words is mostly done through suffixes in Turkish. In cases where what is meant to be conveyed cannot be expressed with a single word, concepts are explained by combining more than one word within the framework of certain patterns. These structures in the form of word groups are called compound words. The words that make up the compound word gain new meanings apart from their own meanings. One of the compound words is compound adjectives. Compound adjectives were frequently used in Ottoman Turkish as well as in Turkey Turkish. With the introduction of many words and rules from Arabic and Persian in Ottoman Turkish, most of the compound adjectives were made according to the rules of these languages. Particularly, compound adjectives made with Persian rules were widely used in this period. In this study, the compound adjectives formed by Persian rules in the work called Münâzara-i Sultân-ı Bahâr bâŞehriyâr-ı Şitâ belonging to the 16th century have been classified and examined, and it has been tried to explain statistically which type of compound adjective and how long it is used in the work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Language & Literature is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The dictionary of Ahmet Vefik Pasha named Lehçe-i Osmânî (LO) is known in the Ottoman Empire as the first dictionary that compiles the head words from Turkish words and describes their definitions in Turkish. Vefik Pasha succeeded in impressing his contemporary and follower dictionary writers in many ways with his dictionary, which includes many innovations for his period (Toparlı, 2000: VII; Akün, 2003: 128). One of these features is the word muvelled, which is used regularly when defining head words. As in many dictionaries, Vefik Pasha also gives some explanatory information before the definition of the word per item in his dictionary. One of them is that he uses the specifiers he calls ‘muvelled, kelime-i müvellede, lugat-i müvellede’ when deemed necessary. This study shows how Vefik Pasha contributed to the emergence of the muvelledât complex based on the structure in the original text and why he chose this naming; Especially by using LO's contemporary dictionaries, it has been tried to be analyzed. When interpreting the words that are pointed to be considered in the dictionary, we often refer to Kamus-ı Türki (1901); Other dictionaries of the same period were used in some places. In order to determine the existence and status of the words in Arabic, it was consulted to Kamusu'l-Muhit Translation (2013) and the Arabic-Turkish Dictionary (Mutçalı, 1995). Some of the evidence in the dictionary is medicine, physics, etc. are terms belonging to fields. The work named Lugat-ı Tıbbiye (1873) prepared by Cemiyet-i Tıbbiye-i Osmaniye and Dictionnaire Turc-Français (1883) written by Şemseddin Sami for the foreign-language equivalents of medical terms, especially French, became our main sources. Especially the last one is used for terms belonging to other fields. For this purpose, first of all, the referenced muvelled words in LO were compiled from the original text by making use of Paketli (2007) and the volume and page number and orthographies were recorded together. It can be seen more clearly that some words are written in different volumes with the same / different meanings, same / different ways: see. berkan / berḳan / birkan, Beşāret, entāri / ʿanterī etc. Later, these data were processed in the table in the Analysis section. In the review section, the transliteration alphabet was used only in the writing of headwords words. While definitions and explanations are written in the standard alphabet, ain and hamzas in some words are shown to avoid ambiguity. Vefik Pasha sometimes did not write the Shadda sign while he was writing; In the writing of these words, the spelling of Vefik Pasha is adhered to. Under the comment title, the Latin letter head word, root, derivatives and their equivalents in the foreign language are written in italics. It has been observed that the words examined in this way can be classified under four main headings: 1. Muvelled in terms of sound: The interpretation under this heading consists of words that enter OT from other languages but adapt to the phonetic structure of Turkish even a little or differ at the end of the phonological processes within the language. 2. Muvelled in terms of form: The statement under this heading consists of words that result from the operation of that language or other languages with the morphological possibilities without questioning whether any word taken from the source language complies with the rules of the source language. 3. Muvelled in terms of meaning: The interpretation under this heading consists of words that are completely independent of their meaning in the source language or have different meaning content or have undergone intra-linguistic meaning change. 4. Muvelled in terms of orthography: Consists of words with spelling styles that go beyond the general acceptance of the writing of statements under this heading. We can express the results we obtained as a result of the examination as follows: The Arabic infinitive suffix / iyye (t) /, with its function corresponding to the Turkish + lIk suffix, has been widely used in the derivation of new words, regardless of their Arabic origin. However, we can say that the suffix / iyye (t) / is perceived as a Turkish suffix by the Turks and is also used in the derivation of many new Turkish words with figure sampling. Similarly, tef tîl, tefeʿʿul, mufaʿʿal, istifʿâl etc. It is seen that the meter is used like Turkish in deriving a new term. In this respect, the ability to use the possibilities of Arabic language in accordance with Turkish grammar when the need to mark a new concept, produced or imported from abroad, stands out. This situation has consequences that will also affect our view on the galleries, who are often in an affirmation. Because if evaluated as we tried to express above, it can be seen that a word that can be named as Galata according to the Arabic rule does not have a defect as the product of Turkish thought. When looking at pure LO, it is not understood why many item headings are qualified as muvelled. Vefik Pasha must have thought that these were already known. This situation stands out as one of the flaws in the internal order of the dictionary. As a matter of fact, it has been observed that Şemseddin Sami, who is considered the most important follower of Vefik Pasha, filled such gaps by making the necessary explanations in his dictionary: see. ictisār, muṣaʿad, reftiyye, tamamiyet, temhir, tetahhul, zıddiyyet, etc. Since lexicography is also a job of evolving the previous one, it is necessary to draw attention to the contribution of Şemseddin Sami in this direction. The mentioned words that are rarely referred to as müvelled from the source language or intermediary language; Although it was also used in OT, it mostly gained the ability to manage the possibilities of Arabic and Persian, and found a use area as a product of the language / thought activity of the Ottoman Turkish. The recognition and reception of the concept world that emerged with the advances in different disciplines especially in the 19th century by the Ottoman intellectual brought along a process of word derivation peculiar to OT. The citations of branches of science such as medicine, physics, botany, and anatomy are among the most prominent evidences of this.

Proverbs are phrases that serve to effectively convey emotions and thoughts. A used proverb on the spot makes the narrative powerful and believable. The existence of proverbs is known since the first texts of Turkish. The history of bringing together proverbs as a medjmua goes back to the period of Old Anatolian Turkish. It is seen that the medjmuas of proverb has increased especially since the 16th century. Transcribed texts of numerous medjmuas containing Turkish proverbs have been published as articles, books, or papers. In addition, there are medjmuas of proverb that have not yet been transcribed. The medjmua of proverbs found between pages 66b-93a of a manuscript registered to the National Library of Germany with the number "Ms.or.quart 1502" is one of the medjmuas that have not been transcribed until today. In this article, proverbs in the relevant medjmua will be transcribed and some important explanations will be given related to the text. Thus, a new text will be added to the corpus of Turkish proverbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ottoman Literature Studies / Divan Edebiyatı Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Ottoman Literature Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aynştayn Nazariyyesi: Mekân, Zaman ve Kütle Mefhumlarının Tebeddülü, Mehmet Refik Fenmen’in (1882-1951) Einstein’ın Görelilik Teorisini tanıtmak için kaleme aldığı bir eserdir. Mühendis Mektebi ve Darülfünun fizik hocalarından, Mühendis Mektebi müdürlerinden elektrik mühendisi Mehmet Refik’in bu eserinin ilk baskısı 1922’de, ikinci baskısı 1924 yılında yapılmıştır. İki baskı arasında, gerek yöntem gerekse muhteva açısından belirgin farklılıklar vardır. Latin harflerine aktardığımız bu ilk baskıda “medhal” başlığı altında bir giriş yazısı ve “fasıl” başlıklı 13 bölüm yer almaktadır. Herkesin anlayacağı bir şekilde kaleme alınan eser, bazı kusur ve noksanlıklarına rağmen Einstein’ın teorisi hakkında bildiğimiz kadarıyla Türkçe yazılmış ilk müstakil eser olması bakımından önemlidir. Eserin ilk altı bölümü özel görelilik, geri kalan yedi bölümü ise genel görelilik teorisi ile ilgilidir. Bu çalışmada Mehmet Refik’in Aynştayn Nazariyyesi adlı kitabı, ilk defa Latin harflerine harflere aktarılarak sunulmuştur. Yazarın üslubuna riayet etmek için Osmanlıca terimlerde sadeleştirme yapılmamış; çalışmanın sonunda okuyucuya kolaylık sağlaması için seçme bir sözlüğe yer verilmiştir.

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The bilateral and multilateral relations between the study of Turkic languages in Central Asia and Turkology studies in Turkey have recently reached a new dimension and a qualitative change. A Comparative Dictionary of Turkish Dialects, published in Ankara, heralded the new approach. Nearly 30 years after the publication of this dictionary, the Turkestan Declaration was accepted. Our article presents data on historical and applied dictionary studies, the common moral values of Turkic languages. After giving information about Turkish-Russian, Russian-Turkish, Kazakh-Russian, and Russian-Kazakh dictionaries published at the beginning of the 20th century, we suggest the necessity of republishing these dictionaries by completing their deficiencies. In addition, we examine the life and work of Şemsettin Sami, and Kazakh, Karakalpak, and the Russian works that refer to his Kamus-i Türkî dictionary. We focus on the importance of the work of scholars such as Şemsettin Sami, who made invaluable contributions to dictionary and text research in all Turkic languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vesîle-nâme, which is worth studying in order to show the historical development of Turkish writing and spoken language in the 18th century, is a religious-didactic text written in the genre of prose in the Classical Ottoman Turkish period. Vesîlenâme was created by Şeyhoğlu Derviş Osman. This work, which consists of seven chapels and mentioned the manners of the Halvetî sect, was enriched with folk stories and religious information was given. The information given is supported by verses and hadiths. The Vesîle-nâme, whose only copy was detected in Koç University Library Manuscript No: MS 135/79, BP 189.V47, has not been studied until today. The work consists of 55 leaves and 17 lines. Some of the special names of the work written with corrupted verses and expressions that are wanted to be emphasized are written in red ink and the rest in black ink. In this study, it was tried to give information about Şeyhoğlu Derviş Osman and the content of his work Vesîle-nâme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiqh, a word of Arabic origin and also known as Islamic law, expresses the legal knowledge and experience of Muslims in the broadest sense. Fiqh, which is both a way of behavior and represents the legal rules of Islam, has guided Muslims on many issues for centuries and contributed to their finding solutions to problems in case they encounter a problem. After Satuk Buğra Khan, the ruler of the Karakhanid State, adopted and spread Islam in the 10th century, the Turks wrote many works to learn and teach the principles of Islam. They also translated many works of fiqh, which are accepted as a branch of science on how to understand the Quran and Sunnah, which are the main sources of Islam, into Turkish. The fiqh text introduced in this article has also been written for such a purpose. Tercüme-i Sadru'ş-Şerî'a is the translation of Sadru'ş-Şerî'a's work known as Şerhü'l-Vikâye into Turkish by Mevkûfâtî Muhammed Efendi in the 17th century. This translated work, which has the linguistic characteristics of Ottoman Turkish and was used as a textbook in Ottoman madrasas for years, consists of four volumes. The part subject to this study is the leaves covering 130b / 06-160b / 14 of the second volume, also called the wedding book. In the study, firstly, information was given about the author and translator of the fiqh book called Tercüme-i Sadru'ş-Şerî'a, and then the content of the leafs covering 130b / 06-160b / 14, the spelling, sound and language features of the text were mentioned and a sample of a leaf was given at the end of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Ilahiyat Dergisi / Cumhuriyet Theology Journal is the property of Cumhuriyet Universitesi, Ilahiyat Fakultesi / Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The work named "Nuzhat al-Qulûb" one of the important works of his period and written by Hamd-allāh Mustawfī was translated from Persian into Ottoman Turkish under the name of the Translation of the Nuzhat al-Qulûb in the 17th century. With this study, our aim is to introduce the work named the Translation of the Nuzhat al-Qulûb to the world of science, as well as to contribute to the language research of the 17th century Ottoman Turkish. This work, translated for the governor of Bitlis Abdal Khan bin Ziauddin Khan before 1650, contains important information that can shed light on different branches of science. The work, which is encyclopaedic, consists of different sections. Among these sections, the geography section constitutes our research subject. The geography section has remarkable details in terms of being the section with the highest number of leaves and the information it gives about different geographies in that period (latitudes and longitudes of settlements, plants and fruits grown, climatic conditions, physical and psychological structures of people, income sources, etc.). Our study was formed as three main titles and sub-titles related to them. In the first part, we tried to give detailed information about the Persian original of the work, Nuzhat al-Qulûb, in the second part, the Translation of the Nuzhat al-Qulûb, and in the third part detailed information on the geography section of the work, the Translation of the Nuzhat al-Qulûb, which constitutes the essence of our research. The study was terminated with the evaluations made in line with the information obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Language & Literature is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ottoman Legacy Studies (OMAD) / Osmanlı Mirası Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Ottoman Legacy Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Hāẕā Kitāb-ı Sarf-ı Türkî (h.e. 1201/c.e. 1786), which is registered with the number Ms. Diez A quart. 95 at the Berlin State Library Eastern Manuscripts Collection is a small Turkish grammar (morphology) book located between the 1b-10a pages. Between the 1b-7b pages of the work, the names of goods-tools, horse riding-harnesses, beverages, weapons, clothes, shoes, fabric, animals, food, fruits, organs, dwellings, plants-spices, paint, chemical substances are listed; afterwards, possessive suffixes of many of these names were given (except for the 3rd person singular possessive suffixes). Between the pages 7b-8a, simple and compound tense verb inflection examples are given. In the pages between 8b-10a of the work, the occupational titles of 18th-century Istanbul (193 titles) are listed under the subheading “Bâb u fî Beyân-ı Esnâfları”. Hāẕā Kitāb-ı Sarf-ı Türkî, which is the oldest grammar book after Müyessiretü'l-Ulûm (C.E. 1530), one of the Ottoman grammar books, is noteworthy as it includes the lexical and morphological features of 18th-century Turkish as well as it sheds light on the social and professional life of 18th century Istanbul and the daily life culture of the period. The purpose of this article is to introduce the work to the world of Turcology and to contribute to the studies on the 18thcentury Turkish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Erdem is the property of Ataturk Kultur Merkezi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Coffee is made by bringing roasted powdered coffee and hot water together. Coffee with its scent; taste; brewing method and unique way of serving, not only does it have a special place in our culture, but it is also liked and consumed all over the world as well. In our culture, the value of the coffee is highlihted by the expression “A cup of coffee can be remembered for 40 years”, which has also been mentioned in literature and scientific studies. Apart from studies on the origin; the historical development and the uses of coffee, medical studies have been carried out by doctors as well. One of the studies have been carried out by Dr. Besim Ömer [Akalın]: Mükeyyifât ve Müskirât’tan Afyon, Kahve, Çay, Esrar (Opium, Coffee, Tea, Marijuana). Mükeyyifât refears to pleasure inducing substances while müskirât refears to intoxicating substances. The second section of this 100 pages book, written in Ottoman Turkish, talks about coffee. Topics like the history of coffee; whether coffee can be considered food or not; coffee’s chemical ingredients; its brewing method; its good and bad effects on health as well as the illnesses that coffee can treat, all studied from a doctor’s point of view. Our work aims to present the importance of this book, in terms of it’s subject and vocabulary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Erdem is the property of Ataturk Kultur Merkezi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Research Institute / Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Arastirmalari Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Language & Linguistics Studies is the property of Journal of Language & Linguistics Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ottoman Literature Studies / Divan Edebiyatı Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Ottoman Literature Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ottoman Turkish is the name used for the Turkish language which was spoken in the territories dominated by the Ottoman Empire between the 15th and 20th centuries. Ottoman Turkish has given place to modern Turkish since the 20th century. In terms of historical continuity, Ottoman Turkish and modern Turkish have a close linguistic relationship. This study attempts to determine the opinions of Turkish teacher candidates on the mandatory Ottoman Turkish course which was taught in two terms for two hours a week at the department of Turkish language teaching. The aim of the study is to collect and interpret the opinions of Turkish teacher candidates on the appropriate organization and implementation of Ottoman Turkish lessons and to make suggestions to the stakeholders concerned, so that they can make any necessary adjustments . The study is a mixed study designed in a quantitative and qualitative model. The data were analyzed according to the descriptive analysis method. These data were obtained in accordance with the data sampling method from 277 volunteers, all Turkish teacher candidates who are studying at the department of Turkish language education in 15 different universities in Turkey. The participants consisted of 2nd, 3rd and 4th grade students who took the Ottoman Turkish course. It was seen that most of the participants' general opinions, thoughts and attitudes towards the Ottoman Turkish course were very positive, and most of them stated that the course was appropriate for the aims of Turkish education. Most of them did not consider themselves to be of a sufficient level to do justice to the course. They also thought that the duration and content of the course was sufficient and that it should be an elective course. Some suggestions were made to eliminate any inconsistencies arising from the research and to make the course more functional and efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Yegâh Music Journal is the property of International Yegah Music Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Institute of Social Sciences Cankiri Karatekin University / Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Cankiri Karatekin University, Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Institute of Social Sciences Cankiri Karatekin University / Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Cankiri Karatekin University, Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The second dictionary in which Turkish words were made headwords in the Ottoman period is an undiscovered dictionary titled as Mir‟atü‟l-Müşkil. In this sense, the dictionary predates the work of Mehmed Esad Efendi titled Lehcetü‟l-Lügat which is known as the first active dictionary of the Ottoman period. The work which was organized trilingual as Turkish-Arabic-Persian was written by the famous poet of seventeen century, Osmanzâde Ahmed Tâib. Among the written works of Osmanzâde Ahmed Tâib who is known as "reîs-i şâirân" in his period, there weren‟t any dictionaries with this name in the sources. Mir‟atü‟l-Müşkil is important since it is the second active dictionary of Turkish lexicography in the Ottoman period as well as being an unknown work of Osmanzâde Ahmed Tâib. Mir‟atü‟l-Müşkil which is quite valuable for Turkish language and Turkish literature history was introduced the first time with this research. Information on the name of the work, its writer, copyright date, copy, editing and Turkish vocabulary were included in the article and the transcription of the work‟s introduction was presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chagatai Turkish, the second period of the North-East Turkic language, is a writing language that the Eastern Turks continue to use from the beginning of the 15th century until the beginning of the 20th century. After Nevayi‟s death, various dictionaries began to be written on every corner of the world of Islam, so that his works could easily be read. These dictionaries, written mostly in the Ottoman Empire, Iran, Azerbaijan, India or Turkestan and having a great value for the history of Turkish language development have created a lexicographical schools. Also in the Ottoman field Chagatai Turkish dictionaries were arranged to understand the works of Ali Şir Nevayi. One of them is the Abushka Chagatai Turkish-Ottoman Turkish dictionary has been the source of all the Chagatai Turkish dictionaries after him. This dictionary was written in Anatolia in the early 16th century. In this study, after was given the information about the work, the works done on it and İts manuscript copies, was emphasized the mistakes in Abushka. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The forms of politeness books, which were specific to the elite groups until the 19th century, have become works that are also accessible to the public with the technical developments and Westernization movements. One of the works has written before this period is Bülgatü'l-Ahbâb written by Balıkesirli Râsih. We do not have enough information about his life despite the deep-rooted family of Balıkesirli Râsih that also known as Râsih Ahmed Beg, who lived in the 17th and 18th centuries. Except from his repeated voiced ode which named "üstine" is referred to him, the other works of him are not known well. One of these works is Bülgatü'l-Ahbâb, a social and political book in which he discusses many different subjects from manners to historical events. Bülgatü'l-Ahbâb, which has never studied before, has many copies. In this study, it is aimed to give information about Râsih and and his work Bülgatü'l-Ahbâb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional and complementary medicine practices are increasing worldwide. The reason behind this increase is the expectation of achieving and effectively improving the health standards required for the diagnosis and treatment of physical and mental diseases. The aim of this study is to examine and understand the old medical texts which are very important in traditional and complementary medicine applications and to understand the importance of knowing Ottoman Turkish in order to understand the medical terminology in these texts. In order to achieve this aim, first of all the Turkish medical works were Hekim Bereket's Tuhfe-i Mübârizî, İshâk bin Murad's Edviye-i Müfrede, Cerrâh Mesûd's Hulâsa-i Tıbb, İbn-i Şerif's Yadigâr, Hacı Paşa's Müntehâb-ı Şifâ, Mehmed bin Ali's Terceme-i Cedide fi'l-Havâssi'l-Müfrede, Gevrekzâde Hâfız Hasan Efendi's Netîcetü'l-Fikriyye fî Tedbîri Velâdeti'l-Bikriyye were examined, then given exampales from the statements consisted of occupational culture in their herbal treatment applications, in treatment methods in fractures, and in treatment of physical disorders. In addition, the examples of the Turkish terms which were important for Turkish medical terminology, and were name of plants, diseases, organs were presented by identifying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]