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The experience of stress in daily life is associated with mental and physical health (Almeida, 2005). Stressors that are commonly experienced in daily life such as conflicts, workplace stress, and traffic issues contribute significantly to mental and physical health outcomes (Charles et al., 2013; Leger et al., 2015; Piazza et al., 2013). Some groups of individuals experience more daily stressors than others. Individuals who identify as sexual and gender minorities (SGM) report experiencing more stress than cisgender and heterosexual (CH) individuals. The years spent as undergraduate students typically involve high levels of stress, as young adults often navigate stressors including academic stressors, financial burdens, and relationship stressors (Hurst et al., 2012). Preliminary research during the COVID-19 pandemic indicates that disparities in stress and mental health have become more pronounced for undergraduate students with SGM identities (Hoyt et al., 2021). The primary aim of this study was to examine the daily stressors experienced by undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic, the association between the experience of daily stress and same-day negative mood, and whether these vary between undergraduate students with SGM identities and their CH counterparts. We will explore these topics with two sets of research questions: (1) Do the risks of experiencing specific types of daily stressors differ between SGM individuals and CH individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic? We will examine group differences on the likelihood of experiencing the following types of stressors: Argument, conflict, or disagreement; family or home stress; work or school stress; financial problem; traffic or transportation stress; health problem or accident; stressful event that happened to close friends or family; and any stressor. (2) Do SGM individuals experience greater reactivity to daily stressors in terms of same-day reports of negative mood compared to CH individuals?

The impacts of companion animals on human well-being have been receiving increased media and research attention, especially in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Previously, there have been calls for research to consider the major components of subjective well-being separately and for research designs to include assessments over time. In line with this suggestion, the purpose of this study was to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how being a dog guardian can impact affect and contribute to the overall assessment of subjective well-being. This study used a seven-day diary design to capture 31 dog guardians’ day-to- day feelings and thoughts during the UK’s first COVID-19 lockdown—an example of a time of considerable stress and crisis. Closed-ended questions examined the impact of dog behavior, feelings toward dogs, participation in dog-related activities, and guardians’ subjective well-being, while open-ended prompts were used to explore guardians’ positive and negative affect. Results suggest that dog guardianship impacted subjective well-being during this time of stress and crisis. Findings indicate that dogs’ behavior, feelings toward dogs, and participation in dog-related activities impacted the overall day-to- day subjective well-being of guardians. Additionally, six themes emerged related to positive and negative affect: amusement, joy, calm, frustration, worry, and guilt. These positive and negative affect findings help to explain some of the previous inconsistencies in pet effect–related research confirming that companion animals do impact subjective well-being. However, the effect is not always positive or consistent, and may be transient. In times of stress and crisis, companion animal guardians can face unique circumstances and could benefit from preparation, guidance, and clear communication about caring for their companion animals.

The present study aimed to expand the current knowledge of psychological skills usage within athletes of action sports by exploring the use of imagery and self-talk within skateboarders and snowboarders. Skateboarders and snowboarders (N 5 74) completed the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI-28; Smith et al., 1995), the Self-Talk Questionnaire (S-TQ) for sports (Zervas et al., 2007), and the Sport Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ; Hall et al., 1998). Results indicated that participants scored significantly higher than reported norms of traditional athletes (Smith et al., 1995) on the coping with adversity and goal-setting/mental preparation subscales of the ACSI-28, and to a similar degree to traditional athletes on the remaining subscales. However, participants scored significantly lower on the total score of the ACSI-28 than previously reported action sports athletes (Young & Knight, 2014). Participants scored significantly higher than reported norms of traditional athletes on the cognitive functional and motivational functional subscales of the S-TQ. On the SIQ, participants scored significantly lower than reported norms for traditional athletes (Hall et al., 2005) on the MG-M subscale, while scoring similarly to reported norms on the CG, CS, MS, and MG-A subscales. Results of the present study confirm that action sports athletes utilize psychological skills to a degree similar to that of traditional athletes, and that skateboarders and snowboarders specifically include the use of imagery and self-talk within their psychological skills arsenal.

In this large scale RCT field trial, the core aim is to test established environmental psychological interventions (information provision, social norm communication, feedback on own consumption, competition, commitment, and collective vs. individual framing) to reduce electricity consumption through a standardized online intervention platform in six European countries (Norway, Türkiye, Germany, Austria, Italy, Romania) in a six week campaign. Secondary research questions are if the communication channel to the participants makes a difference: Different types of user partners in the project recruit participants to the platform (electricity providers, NGOs, and municipalities) and use all communication channels that they have with their citizens or customers.

Most studies on electric vehicle (EV) driving rely on early adopters or study purchase intention. In this online questionnaire study, we want to focus on actual driving experience of EV drivers and identify attitudes and worldviews as predictors for EV driving duration. Also, the effects of EV driving duration and biospheric values on the formation of an environmental self-identity (ESI) will be investigated. Moreover, a message framing intervention will be carried out to test whether the influence of EV driving duration on the environmental self-identity is influenced by the framing of EV driving (as past behavior) as (not) environmentally friendly.

This cross-sectional study looks to investigate whether the previously reported positive relationship between physical activity and mental wellbeing is comparable between cisgender and transgender groups. This study also looks to examine the impact of barriers to physical activity on this relationship.

This randomised control trial will study the effects of two interventions (i.e., colour coded eco-labels, colour coded receipt) on sustainable food choices in an online supermarket. Participants will complete the shopping task twice over two sessions to assess whether the effectiveness of the colour coded labels is maintained over time and the presentation of the receipt in the first session influences more sustainable food choices in the second session.

In der heutigen Gesellschaft werden soziale Medien sehr viel genutzt, überwiegend als Weg zur Kommunikation. Studierende benutzen soziale Medien, um mit Freunden, Bekannten, anderen Studierenden und bspw. Dozierenden in Kontakt zu bleiben. Auch für das Finden von nützlichen Informationen und gemeinschaftliches Lernen sind die sozialen Medien für Studierende von Bedeutung. Aufgrund der steigenden Bedeutung der sozialen Medien im akademischen Umfeld wurde eine Studie von Mugahed and Shahizan im Jahr 2013 durchgeführt um den Zusammenhang zwischen sozialen Medien und akademischer Leistung in Malaysia zu erforschen. Die Daten wurden an einer technischen Universität erhoben. Die sozialen Medien haben nach wie vor einen großen Stellenwert in der Gesellschaft und sind auch in westlichen Kulturen weit verbreitet und haben einen großen Einfluss auf viele Menschen. Aus diesem Grund wird die Studie erneut im Rahmen einer Repikationsstudie an deutschen Universitäten und Fachhochschulen erhoben. Auch hier sollen Zusammenhänge zwischen den sozialen Medien und der akademischen Leistung von Studiernenden untersucht werden.

This study aims at further investigating the role of disgust in moral condemnation based on the moralization hypothesis of neo-sentimentalist views of moral judgment. It´s a replication of the experimental procedure first used by Eskine et al. (2011), a study that used disgust to amplify condemnation of already moralized behavior. However, instead of using behavior already percieved as morally wrong we will have subjects evaluate unusual and norm-deviant but morally neutral behavior. This detail is also how the present study differs from Jyllka et al. (2020) that seemingly used completely morally and normatively neutral scenarios. The subjects in the experimental condition will conduct these moral judgments during the influence of a bitter liquid, which is hypothesized to also activate moral disgust attributions.

We aim to investigate whether changes in ideal figure sizes of Cosmopolitan cover models corresponds with changes in the prevalence of anorexia in the U.S. over the past nine decades (1930s-2010s). For the purpose of this research, data was obtained from previous studies to provide an overview of anorexia rates in the U.S. (Human Progress Data, 2022; Hoek & Hoek, 2003) and one Cosmopolitan magazine cover was randomly selected per year over the past nine decades (Cosmopolitan, 1930-2019). To increase informativeness of our model, we further include gender, race, and sexual orientation as predictors of this effect.

When interviewing vulnerable witnesses, such as children, investigative interviewers in England and Wales are advised to follow the Achieving Best Evidence (ABE) in Criminal Proceedings guidelines (MoJ, 2022). These guidelines recommend that practitioners engage in a truth-lies discussion with child witnesses at the end of the rapport phase of an interview. Such discussions aim to make children aware of the importance of telling the truth, thus encouraging them to provide an honest and truthful statement. However, there is no standardised procedure involving the employment of truth-lies discussions in practice and to date, little is known about whether, and how, these discussions are employed in the field. This study will explore police officers’ perceptions and experiences of promoting honesty in child witnesses through interviewing strategies such as truth-lies discussions. Police officers, trained in ABE guidelines and who regularly interview child witnesses, will be invited to complete an online survey. Multiple choice and open-ended questions will explore (i) practitioners’ experiences of promoting honesty during interviews with children, (ii) potential obstacles encountered, and (iii) recommendations for alternative honesty-promoting strategies.

This is a test of the test-retest reliability of moral decisions, with an additional point of asking people not only is an action appropriate but if they would perform the action.

A cross-sectional study run via Prolific Academic. There were 220 participants and ethicality was confirmed through the UNSW human research ethics panel. Hypothesis: Those who hold the primal world belief of the world being more mechanistic than alive have higher levels of anxious feelings than those who have the primal world belief of the world being more alive than mechanistic.

Theory proposes that emotion differentiation is beneficial because more specific emotion labels provide us with information we can use to regulate our emotions in desired ways. For example, we can regulate our emotions to feel better in the moment (hedonic motive), or gain benefits in task performance, learning, social relations, and personal growth (instrumental motives). Thus, emotion differentiation may be linked to motivations to regulate emotions to achieve this broad range of benefits. To test this link, initially we analysed experience sampling data from an Australian sample which found that trait emotion differentiation is associated with reporting more instrumental motives when negative emotions are more intense (and less motives when emotions are less intense). There were no effects for positive emotions and positive emotion differentiation. Now we aim to replicate the study with a slightly different survey and sample. In the current study participants completed surveys seven times a day for 14 days. We asked participants to tell us their level of negative emotion: sad, angry, stressed, during a negative event (or any event if no negative event occurred). They then reported whether or not they tried to decrease negative feelings, and their motives for regulating. Based on our findings from the first study, we hypothesise that the relationship between trait emotion differentiation and instrumental motive use will be moderated by emotion intensity. We hypothesise that this pattern will be such that high differentiators will report more motives when emotions are more intense, whereas this may not be true for low differentiators. The first study found that overall, emotion differentiation predicts less instrumental motive use so we predict that this will follow in the current study.

Music performance anxiety (MPA) is a prevalent phenomenon with potentially serious consequences to a musician’s well-being and professional career. Yet, MPA does not always affect performance quality. It is hypothesized that trait anxiety, situational stress, and task mastery can exacerbate the effects of MPA and affect performance quality. Furthermore, it is unclear whether these effects are noticeable to both listeners and performing musicians. We measure performance quality as the expressiveness scores assigned by musicians and listeners to a set of pre-recorded performances. We selected three pianists with low, mid, and high MPA. Each pianist performed two pieces of their choice, familiar and unfamiliar, which were performed in rehearsal and recital conditions. The performances were videoed and edited into shorter clips for being presented to the performing pianists and to a set of online raters. Listeners and pianists will be asked to rate the expressiveness of all clips. We will determine the difference between the listeners’ perceived expressiveness and the pianists’ own expressiveness scores to estimate how well did listeners understand the pianists’ expressive intentions. We investigate 1) what is the effect of trait anxiety, situational stress, and task mastery on the listener’s perception of expressiveness and 2) what is the effect of these same variables on the listeners’ understanding of expressiveness.

The meta-analysis is intended to be a systematic examination of individual facets of the self and the so-called Imposter Syndrome/Phenomenon. Through the meta-analysis, a conceptual approach to the term Imposter Phenomenon will take place and conclusions will be drawn as to which constructs are associated with it.

In the legal system, victims of crimes are offered a protected set of rights to be heard and referred to services. However, victims of intimate partner violence come forward and seek services and help for the crimes committed upon them at much lower rates than victims of other interpersonal crimes. In this study, the Theory of Planned Behavior will be utilized to assess individual behavioral predictors of formal help-seeking in victims of intimate partner violence in order to better understand factors that promote or inhibit help-seeking in this vulnerable population, including victims’ attitudes about help seeking, the subjective norms they feel about help seeking, their perceived ability to get help, and the relationship these factors have with prior experiences.

The goal of this study is to better understand how time pressure affects the decision-making process of legal judgments, more specifically coherence shift. Participants will be shown various social (phase 1) as well as legal scenarios (phase 2), for which they have to make an assessment and a judgment (phase 3). The legal judgement task will either completed under time pressure (condition 1) or without time pressure (condition 2).

Haley Sturges Graduate Research Grant Fall 2022

A scoping review will be conducted to determine how engaging in technology-facilitated sexual violence has been studied and described in the literature.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of birds (environment characteristics) and bird identification (individual differences) in the cognitive restoration process.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) resulting from the performance of hazardous manual tasks (HMTs) represent a considerable proportion of work-related injuries both in Australia and overseas. Within workplaces, efforts to reduce the incidence of MSDs are usually based on risk assessment methods that are applied to HMTs. Systems thinking is an approach that is being increasingly adopted within safety science for understanding and managing risk. To date, systems thinking has not been widely used in the HMT context, with no existing observation-based risk assessment methods adopting a systems thinking approach to identify and manage HMT risks. The, aims of this research were (1) to apply systems thinking to understand and manage the risks associated with HMTs and (2) to extend and test an existing systems thinking method for use in the assessment of HMT risks.

The original study tested the prediction that reverse priming effects in response to brands can be obtained if consumers recognize how brands would be instrumental to persuasion. Accordingly, rather than merely rating persuasion intent in the priming task, participants were prompted to temporarily focus on brands (or slogans) as marketing tactics. This manipulation should not change perceptions of slogans, which already are perceived as persuasion tactics, but should change perceptions of brands. Brands should no longer produce a priming effect; rather, both slogans and brands should produce reverse priming effects. The study also examined the hypothesis that the perceived persuasion intent of brands or slogans mediates the effects. Our focus is to replicate this study with german brands and slogans and also integrate the covariate "attitude towards spending money" in our additional exploratory analysis.

We test the suitability of a newly-developed model of video game play and well-being, the Basic Needs in Games (BANG) model. We do so using data from a 12-week study of Xbox play and well-being, which includes 6 biweekly surveys alongside digital trace data logged directly from Xbox throughout the duration of the study.

This Pre-Registration is only pertaining to one part of the planned analysis and study, as we want to present preliminary results as a poster at a doctoral conference. We will publish a second complete pre-registration with more details at a later point. !! You brush your teeth, you decide to get a stylish gravel front yard, you buy a cheese sandwich for lunch, you order an e-reader on the internet, you decide that you want to have two children, you waterproof the new shoes you bought. What do these behaviours have in common? They have an impact on the natural environment and on climate change, just like virtually everything we do every day does. Due to the large cumulative emission reduction potential of individual behaviour (Dietz et al., 2009), much of environmental psychology has focused on interventions to promote individual PEB. Such interventions often draw from theories of behaviour change (e.g., Ajzen, 1991; Bamberg, 2013), and practical knowledge on the perceptions of particular behaviours (e.g., Stern et al., 2018; Truelove & Gillis, 2018). I propose that social and reputational risks that certain PEB can incur (e.g., Greenebaum et al., 2012; van de Grint et al., 2021) are an important perception dimension that has been overlooked so far in the literature on perception of PEB, while holding potential to inform interventions for behaviour change or improving relationships between societal groups. One size does not fit all: Why we need to know how people perceive different PEB Behaviour change interventions often tackle factors from established behaviour change theories that have been shown to influence behaviour. Such factors may be beliefs about consequences of a behaviour, one’s ability to perform a behaviour, personal and social norms, just to name a few (see for examples of theories Ajzen, 1991; Bamberg, 2013; Schwartz, 1992). Behaviour change interventions are also often based on the predominant perceptions of the behaviour in question among the public. For example, if a behaviour is perceived predominantly as expensive (e.g., buying an electric car), financial subsidies may be a promising intervention to promote that behaviour. If certain behaviours are mistakenly perceived as having low impact on the environment (e.g., air travel; Wynes et al., 2020), an intervention communicating the real impact of the behaviour is advisable. Investigating how people perceive specific PEB complements research on behaviour change theories in important ways. While some behaviours can be successfully predicted by general theories, which often include largely attitudinal factors (e.g., energy-saving; Abrahamse & Schuitema, 2020) others may depend much more on their own unique influencing factors, such as the context in which they are performed in (e.g., flying; Whitmarsh et al., 2020). Thus, researching the perceptions of different PEB is pivotal, to advance the behaviour change literature. Among these perceptions, the social and reputational risks that PEB may incur has received little attention in the literature so far, but may be an important predictor of some behaviours, as I will outline in the following section. Why should investigate the social risks different PEB may incur? Perception dimensions which PEB have been found to differ on are costs, difficulty, self-efficacy, and environmental benefit, just to name a few (see Truelove & Gillis, 2018, for an overview). However, recent research strongly suggests that individuals consider yet another dimension when deciding whether or not to engage in certain PEB: the social and reputational costs that may be associated with the behaviour (henceforth derogation potential). Some omnivores or vegetarians who had considered adopting a vegan diet, reported having decided against it because they expected negative reactions from their family and friends (Markowski & Roxburgh, 2019). Similarly, individuals strategically avoid engaging in specific PEB, based on whether they want to be seen as environmentalists or not, thus trying to avoid derogation for being an environmentalist (‘brown to keep down’ effect; Brick et al., 2017). Furthermore, when anticipating derogation for engaging in a particular PEB, individuals tend to hide the fact they perform the behaviour (e.g., Bolderdijk & Cornelissen, 2022; Greenebaum, 2012), or justify why they behave like they do in a way that is non-threatening to their conversation partner (Bolderdijk & Cornelissen, 2022; Bolderdijk et al., in press; Greenebaum, 2012). Derogation has been found for a range of PEB, such as zero-wasting, energy-saving, organic consumption (Bolderdijk et al., 2018; Sparkman & Attari, 2020; van de Grint et al., 2021), and activism (Steentjes et al., 2017). However, much of the literature has focused on vegetarians and/or vegans (henceforth veg*ans and veg*ism; e.g., Greenebaum, 2012; Minson & Monin, 2012; Bolderdijk & Cornelissen, 2022), although veg*ism is just one of many behaviours that are effective at mitigating climate change (Wynes & Nicholas, 2017). Hence, the question is whether the literature rightly reflects the particularly large social and reputational risks of veg*ism, or whether its dominance in the literature is grounded in other reasons, such as researcher interest, or pragmatism. This study aims to categorize a range of PEB according to the derogation potential associated with them. This new evidence can guide researchers, practitioners and interventionists on whether they need to consider derogation potential as a barrier to engaging in PEB. The study will investigate the following research questions: (RQ1) How are different PEB rated on dimensions related to their derogation potential, and which are the socially costliest PEB? (RQ2). How are the past behaviour, difficulty and the visibility of different PEB associated with their derogation potential?

Fraction magnitude understanding was found to be an important predictor of later math achievement. Several studies were conducted aiming at disentangling the underlying mechanisms of fraction magnitude processing in general. Overall, results suggest that the holistic magnitude of fractions is not always activated and used automatically. Rather, the use of holistic and componential processes seems to depend on the type of fraction, amongst other factors. Following this line of research, the current study sets out to further expand our knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of fraction magnitude processing by specifically zooming in on a so far under-researched fraction type: equivalent fractions. As an extension to the study by Gabriel et al. (2013), in the present study, participants will be presented with a same-different-task evaluating their performance in categorizing fractions pairs as numerically the same (i.e., when these are identical, e.g., 1/2_1/2 or equivalent, e.g., 1/2_2/4) or numerically different (e.g., 1/2_1/3). Equivalent fraction pairs were further manipulated with respect to the divisor required to reduce them to the respective base fraction (e.g., divisor 2: 1/2_2/4, divisor 3: 1/2_3/6, divisor 4: 1/2_4/8). In addition, participants will be presented with a multiplication verification task to evaluate their performance in arithmetic fact retrieval. RQ: What are the underlying processes of processing equivalent fractions? • Are equivalent fractions processed holistically or componentially? • Does multiplication fact knowledge influence the processing of equivalent fractions?

Indonesia adalah negara demokrasi yang menjunjung tinggi keadilan bagi seluruh rakyat. Namun pada realitanya, tidak semua orang dianggap mampu untuk menjadi sosok pemimpin di Indonesia. Beberapa kelompok, seperti jenis kelamin dan agama merasa bahwa perempuan dari agama minoritas (non-Muslim) sulit untuk menjadi kandidat politik. Fenomena ini dapat dijelaskan melalui integrated threat theory dengan empat faktor, yaitu realistic threat, symbolic threat, intergroup anxiety, negative stereotype. Penelitian ini akan dianalisis menggunakan metode regresi linear berganda, dengan total target 400 partisipan. Hasil penelitian akan menunjukkan daya prediktif integrated threat theory terhadap intensi memilih kandidat politik perempuan non-Muslim.

The purpose of this experiment is to understand how the coronavirus pandemic affected the mental health of Asian Americans due to the uprise of racial/ethnic discrimination against Asians and Asian Americans. Various factors that could potentially alter the impact of racial/ethnic discrimination on mental health will be explored, such as ethnic identity levels.

This project is part of a class assignment at Vassar College, completed for educational purposes only

Scoping review to help define 'elite' in esports

Awe is an emotional experience that is thought to result from two main eliciting features: exposure to a stimulus that is vast in nature and a need for accommodation. Although many studies have assessed awe, the use of different measures across these studies leaves open psychometric questions and complicates cross-study comparisons. The primary goal of the present study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of five different measures of awe. To address these goals, two samples of participants will be randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) recall a time when they experienced positive awe; (2) recall a time when they experienced negative awe; or (3) a control condition where they recall completing a neutral task. Subsequently, all participants will complete multiple measures of awe. Responsiveness to the manipulation, along with internal consistency, convergent validity, and criterion validity of each measure will be evaluated. These findings will help to clarify issues about the assessment of awe and will help integrate results across existing studies.