Search

This study was carried out with the aim of determining the effects of jasmonic acid (JA) elicitation on the bioactive pigments' biosynthesis and the antioxidant activities in green callus of Azadirachta indica of two different ages (4- and 8-week-old). Plant tissue culture technique was employed to induce the formation of green callus from leaf explants of A. indica on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.6 mg/L thidiazuron (CM) and three different concentrations of JA (2, 4, and 6 mg/L). The methanolic extracts from the green callus were used for determination of total chlorophyll content (TCh), total carotenoid content (TC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) through colorimetric and HPLC analyses. The highest amount of yield was obtained from CM and 2 mg/L JA (2JA) extracts for 4- and 8-week-old samples, respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and terpenoids in all 4- and 8-week-old samples elicited with 2, 4 and 6 mg/L JA. The highest value for TAC, TCh, TC, TPC, and TFC of 4- and 8-week-old samples were from callus cultured on media supplemented with 6 mg/L JA (6JA) and 4 mg/L JA (4JA), respectively. The lowest IC50 values were found to be 8.29 ± 0.10 mg/mL (6JA) for 4-week-old and 7.73 ± 0.03 mg/mL (4JA) for 8-week-old samples. The highest Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) values obtained in this study were 90.60 ± 1.55 g/g (6JA), and 74.59 ± 3.91 g/g (4JA), respectively, for 4- and 8-week-old samples. Moreover, Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between TAC, TCh, TC, TPC, and TFC with ABTS and FRAP assays. In addition, PCA analysis revealed that 83.5% of the information (variances) contained in the data were retained by the first two principal components. Overall, these findings suggested that JA supplementation into the culture media significantly increase the chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, phenolic and flavonoid contents and JA concentrations at 6 mg/L JA and 4 mg/L JA yielded the highest pigments content in 4- and 8-weeks-old callus, respectively.

Currently, tourism sector has become the most dynamic factor to Malaysian services economic growth. The existence of Shariah compliant hospitality and services will be an added value in promoting Malaysia as Muslim friendly Tourism Hub. Specifically to the international tourist such as Middle East, West Asian and other Islamic countries. Shariah compliant concept is not restricted to only halal food and hygienic accommodation. Utterly, hoteliers have focused mainly on the beverages and accommodation qualifications factors in order to fulfill the Shariah compliant concept. The built environment facilities such as landscape features provided at these premises is also the main contributor to the Shariah compliant philosophy. The guidelines for Shariah compliant services and hospitality is still ambiguous among the hoteliers, tourists and its’ stakeholders. Realizing that there is no standard guideline and rating tools that can audit Shariah compliant landscape design at Malaysian Tourism Accommodation Premises (TAP) therefore, the aim of this paper is to highlight the significance of rating tools and audit system for landscape design and its facilities provided at Tourism Accommodation Premises (TAP). This effort is a mean to promote Shariah compliant hospitality and services among hoteliers and tourists. With this gap in view, it is hope that this research will provide the guidelines for Shariah compliant landscape design to designers, hoteliers and all stakeholders at TAP.

This research explore the shariah compliant and issues of muslim-friendly homestay in Malaysia. Malaysia is a tourism-based country that offer many experience opportunities to the tourist. One of it is homestay-tourism package. There are many homestay accommodation build up especially in rural area. However, the services and surroundings are not fulfil the Islamic way of live. Most of the homestays offer the guests to stay with the owner’s family member without determine the space limitation between owner and guest. Thus, the implication goes to the maslahah of the user and the family. Therefore, the study indicates the issue to be solved with the shariah way. The issues of a shariah compliant and muslim’s friendly homestay were observed based on the Islamic built environment criteria. Among the issues are Bii’ah (2 issues), salaamah (1 issues), nazhofah (1 issues), and sirriyyah (2 issues). All of the homestays were categorized as moderate in practising the shariah attribute. Some elements were lack due to environmental, social, cultural and privacy destruction. In conclusion, there is a need for host and guest in term of awareness and practicality to comply in the muslim-friendly and shariah compliant homestay ecosystem.