18,324 results on '"Oto, A."'
Search Results
2. Evaluating AI and Human Authorship Quality in Academic Writing through Physics Essays
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Yeadon, Will, Agra, Elise, Inyang, Oto-obong, Mackay, Paul, and Mizouri, Arin
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Physics - Physics Education - Abstract
This study evaluates $n = 300$ short-form physics essay submissions, equally divided between student work submitted before the introduction of ChatGPT and those generated by OpenAI's GPT-4. In blinded evaluations conducted by five independent markers who were unaware of the origin of the essays, we observed no statistically significant differences in scores between essays authored by humans and those produced by AI (p-value $= 0.107$, $\alpha$ = 0.05). Additionally, when the markers subsequently attempted to identify the authorship of the essays on a 4-point Likert scale - from `Definitely AI' to `Definitely Human' - their performance was only marginally better than random chance. This outcome not only underscores the convergence of AI and human authorship quality but also highlights the difficulty of discerning AI-generated content solely through human judgment. Furthermore, the effectiveness of five commercially available software tools for identifying essay authorship was evaluated. Among these, ZeroGPT was the most accurate, achieving a 98% accuracy rate and a precision score of 1.0 when its classifications were reduced to binary outcomes. This result is a source of potential optimism for maintaining assessment integrity. Finally, we propose that texts with $\leq 50\%$ AI-generated content should be considered the upper limit for classification as human-authored, a boundary inclusive of a future with ubiquitous AI assistance whilst also respecting human-authorship., Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures
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- 2024
3. Experimental amplification and squeezing of a motional state of an optically levitated nanoparticle
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Duchaň, Martin, Šiler, Martin, Jákl, Petr, Brzobohatý, Oto, Rakhubovsky, Andrey, Filip, Radim, and Zemánek, Pavel
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Quantum Physics ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
A contactless control of fluctuations of phase space variables of a nanoobject belongs among the key methods needed for ultra-precise nanotechnology and the upcoming quantum technology of macroscopic systems. Here we utilize the experimental platform of a single levitating nanoparticle (NP) to demonstrate essential protocols providing linear amplification of the mechanical phase space variables together with squeezing of phase space probability distribution. The protocol combines a controlled fast switching between the parabolic trapping potential and either weak parabolic or inverted parabolic amplifying potential leading to amplification of mean value and variance (fluctuations) along an arbitrary phase space variable and squeezing along the complementary one. The protocol is completed with cold damping scheme to control the initial fluctuations of the NP phase space variables. We reached the amplification gain $|G|>2$, the squeezing coefficient above 4 dB, and the second-order energy correlation function approaching 3 which corresponds to a maximum for a stochastic non-equilibrium classical state. These experimental results will already allow pre-amplification and manipulation of nanomechanical NP motion for all quantum protocols if the NP cooling towards the ground state is applied.
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- 2024
4. PT-like phase transition and limit cycle oscillations in non-reciprocally coupled optomechanical oscillators levitated in vacuum
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Liška, Vojtěch, Zemánková, Tereza, Jákl, Petr, Šiler, Martin, Simpson, Stephen H., Zemánek, Pavel, and Brzobohatý, Oto
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- 2024
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5. Epidemiological analysis of the victıms wıth crush syndrome in earthquakes of southeastern Turkey
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Ozturk, Ilyas, Gungor, Ozkan, Ozturk, Savas, Olmaz, Refik, Keskin, Ayse Jini Gunes, Kocyigit, Ismail, Sipahioglu, Murat Hayri, Dede, Fatih, Ulu, Sena, Turgutalp, Kenan, Torun, Dilek, Sahutoglu, Tuncay, Erdur, Fatih Mehmet, Altunoren, Orcun, Danis, Ramazan, Yildiz, Gursel, Gurel, Ali, Horoz, Mehmet, Kucuksu, Mehmet, Karakose, Suleyman, Yildirim, Tolga, Altiparmak, Mehmet Riza, Ayli, Mehmet Deniz, Tugcu, Murat, Eren, Zehra, Eroglu, Eray, Yavuz, Yasemin Coskun, Akcali, Esra, Sit, Dede, Polat, Mehmet, Yildirim, Saliha, Alagoz, Selma, Bek, Sibel Gokcay, Pembegul, Irem, Karaaslan, Tahsin, Keles, Mustafa, Sari, Funda, Yilmaz, Ustun, Gorgulu, Numan, Sahin, Gulizar, Aydin, Zeki, Yadigar, Serap, Ulutas, Ozkan, Selcuk, Nedim Yilmaz, Ayar, Yavuz, Turgut, Didem, Oto, Ozgur Akin, Koc, Mehmet, Yıldız, Alaattin, Tuglular, Serhan, and Sever, Mehmet Sukru
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- 2024
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6. Maternal and neonatal outcomes in kidney transplant recipients: a single-center observational study
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Artan, Ayse Serra, Mirioglu, Safak, Ünal, Elif, Suleymanova, Vafa, Akin Oto, Ozgur, Ozturk, Savas, Yazici, Halil, Saraç Sivrikoz, Tuğba, and Turkmen, Aydin
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- 2024
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7. New and interesting records of rare caddisflies (Trichoptera, Insecta) from Slovakia with comments on their ecology and conservation status
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Navara, Tomáš, Endel, Branislav, Kokavec, Igor, Lukáš, Jozef, Majzlan, Oto, Samay, Ján, Thomková, Katarína, Vidlička, Ľubomír, and Chvojka, Pavel
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- 2024
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8. Baseline systemic inflammatory indices and clinicopathological features to predict the outcome of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis: A single-center retrospective study
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Dirim, Ahmet Burak, Namazova, Nazrin, Dirim, Merve Guzel, Oto, Ozgur Akin, Artan, Ayse Serra, Hurdogan, Ozge, Ozluk, Yasemin, and Yazici, Halil
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- 2024
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9. A rare case of postoperative Metamycoplasma hominis surgical site infection in a patient after bilateral lung transplantation
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Kantor, Jakub, Tkadlec, Jan, Hurych, Jakub, Vaculová, Markéta, Antušková, Milena, Lžičařová, Daniela, Chrenková, Vanda, Dřevínek, Pavel, and Melter, Oto
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- 2024
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10. Effectiveness of Malaise trap and sweep net sampling in sawfly research (Hymenoptera: Symphyta)
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Haris, Attila, Vidlička, Lubomír, Majzlan, Oto, and Roller, Ladislav
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- 2024
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11. Refugees at home: the role of hospitableness in fostering pro-social attitudes and behaviours towards refugees
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Alrawadieh, Zaid, Altinay, Levent, Urbančíková, Nataša, and Hudec, Oto
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- 2024
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12. Observations of a PT-like phase transition and limit cycle oscillations in non-reciprocally coupled optomechanical oscillators levitated in vacuum
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Liška, Vojtěch, Zemánková, Tereza, Jákl, Petr, Šiler, Martin, Simpson, Stephen H., Zemánek, Pavel, and Brzobohatý, Oto
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Physics - Optics - Abstract
Nanoparticles levitated in an optical trap provide a versatile platform to study mechanical oscillators in a controlled environment with tuneable parameters. Recently, it has become possible to couple two of these optomechanical oscillators. Here, we demonstrate the collective non-Hermitian dynamics of such a pair of non-conservatively coupled oscillators. We take advantage of the tunability of the optical interactions between the particles in our system and set the optical interaction between the particles to be purely non-reciprocal. By continuously varying the relative power of the trapping beams, we take the system through a transition, similar to a parity-time phase transition. A Hopf bifurcation at a critical point results in the formation of collective limit cycle oscillations, resembling those observed in phonon lasers. These coupled levitated oscillators provide a platform for exceptional point optomechanical sensing and can be extended to multi-particle systems, paving the way for the development of topological optomechanical media., Comment: Nat. Phys. (2024)
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- 2023
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13. TurboGenius: Python suite for high-throughput calculations of ab initio quantum Monte Carlo methods
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Nakano, Kousuke, Kohulák, Oto, Raghav, Abhishek, Casula, Michele, and Sorella, Sandro
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Physics - Computational Physics ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Physics - Chemical Physics - Abstract
TurboGenius is an open-source Python package designed to fully control ab initio quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) jobs using a Python script, which allows one to perform high-throughput calculations combined with TurboRVB [K. Nakano et al. J. Phys. Chem. 152, 204121 (2020)]. This paper provides an overview of the TurboGenius package and showcases several results obtained in a high-throughput mode. For the purpose of performing high-throughput calculations with TurboGenius, we implemented another open-source Python package, TurboWorkflows, that enables one to construct simple workflows using TurboGenius. We demonstrate its effectiveness by performing (1) validations of density functional theory (DFT) and QMC drivers as implemented in the TurboRVB package and (2) benchmarks of Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) calculations for several data sets. For (1), we checked inter-package consistencies between TurboRVB and other established quantum chemistry packages. By doing so, we confirmed that DFT energies obtained by PySCF are consistent with those obtained by TurboRVB within the local density approximation (LDA), and that Hartree-Fock (HF) energies obtained by PySCF and Quantum Package are consistent with variational Monte Carlo energies obtained by TurboRVB with the HF wavefunctions. These validation tests constitute a further reliability check of the TurboRVB package. For (2), we benchmarked atomization energies of the Gaussian-2 set, binding energies of the S22, A24, and SCAI sets, and equilibrium lattice parameters of 12 cubic crystals using DMC calculations. We found that, for all compounds analyzed here, the DMC calculations with the LDA nodal surface give satisfactory results, i.e., consistent either with high-level computational or with experimental reference values., Comment: 44 pages
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- 2023
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14. Virtual reality exposure effect in acrophobia: psychological and physiological evidence from a single experimental session
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Kristína, Varšová, Dagmar, Szitás, Oto, Janoušek, Lenka, Jurkovičová, Kateřina, Bartošová, and Vojtěch, Juřík
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- 2024
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15. On the Origins of the Gothic Leader Alaric: Between Claudian and Zosimus
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Oto Mestek
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Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
Alaric has often been seen as the leader of the Visigothic people, from 395 to his death in 410. Before his rebellion against the Roman Empire in 395, he served in the Roman military, participating in the campaign against Eugenius and Arbogast in 394. His early career is mentioned in the work of the historian Zosimus. But his background is shrouded in mystery. In the middle of the 6th century, Jordanes wrote about his noble origin and the Visigothic dynasty of Balthi. This has led some historians to look for Alaric’s origins among the chieftains and nobility of the Gothic tribe of the Thervingi. Among contemporary authors, only the verses of the poet Claudian mention Alaric’s birth. This article explores the possibilities of Alaric’s origin and the internal policies of the Goths living in Roman territory. Most likely, the person of Alaric was more closely associated with the Roman army than is usually thought.
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- 2024
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16. The stability of fatty acids in yoghurts produced from bulk milk samples intentionally selected according to dairy production systems
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Oto Hanuš, Eva Samková, Jindřich Čítek, Hana Nejeschlebová, Eva Dadáková, Lucie Hasoňová, Michael Rost, Irena Němečková, and Karolína Reindl (ORCID: 0000
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dairy cow ,fermentation ,grazing herd ,milk fat ,stabled herd ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
The fatty acid (FA) composition of milk fat can be positively influenced by the modification of dairy farming and the possible selection of raw material for processing. The question arises as to whether the benefits of a better FA composition will be maintained even after processing dairy products. Thus, the aim was to obtain a more favourable FA composition by a targeted selection of cow's milk (grazing vs stabled herds) and then compare FAs of milk and fermented product (yoghurt). Bulk tank milk of grazing herds had significantly better FA composition than milk of stabled herds (for example, C16:0 28.07% vs 32.27%, P < 0.001; C18:3n-3 0.83% vs 0.41%, P < 0.001; C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 (conjugated linoleic acid; CLA) 1.02% vs 0.41%, P < 0.01). The differences between the FAs in milk and yoghurt samples were negligible (in relative values from 0.04% to 5.21%). The correlations between milk and yoghurt for nutritionally important FAs were high, from 0.925 0 (C18:2n-6) to 0.998 8 (CLA; both P < 0.001). The minimal effect of milk fermentation on the original FA composition of milk fat was found. In conclusion, systematic selection of raw cow's milk or modification of farming conditions can also provide a nutritionally desirable composition of final dairy products.
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- 2024
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17. A Diagnostic Dilemma: Job Syndrome Mimics Abusive Trauma
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Serbülent Kılıç, Arzu Oto, Orhan Görükmez, and Ayşenur Metin
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child abuse ,job syndrome ,physical abuse ,Medicine ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Abstract
In some cases, making of physical abuse diagnosis can be difficult if the findings were derived from an unusual disease or an unexpected finding of a common disease. A female infant was admitted to emergency department of our hospital, who was suffering from loss of consciousness. Examination and imaging methods revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage, old and new femur fractures, bilateral retinal hemorrhage. Performing genetic tests with multidisciplinary approach concluded that our case was found to have a mutation, DOCK8 (NM_001190458; c.2071G>A; p.Val691Met), suggests to Job syndrome (JS). JS is not only an immunodeficiency syndrome but also can be manifested by skeletal and connective tissue disorders. The fractures were most likely due to JS. Physicians must be aware of these probabilities. On the other hand, though it was only reported in a heterozygous form in GenomAD (genome aggregation database) it has big value that it was homozygous in our case.
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- 2024
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18. Automatická transkripcia historických dokumentov v prostredí webovej aplikácie Transkribus : metodická príručka pre účastníkov workshopu
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Bôbová, Mária, additional, Katuščák, Dušan, additional, Kurhajcová, Alica, additional, Maliniak, Pavol, additional, Mikušková, Michaela, additional, Nagy, Imrich, additional, Nižníková, Lucia, additional, and Tomeček, Oto, additional
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- 2024
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19. Cold damping of levitated optically coupled nanoparticles
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Liska, Vojtech, Zemankova, Tereza, Svak, Vojtech, Jakl, Petr, Jezek, Jan, Branecky, Martin, Simpson, Stephen H., Zemanek, Pavel, and Brzobohaty, Oto
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Physics - Optics ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
Methods for controlling the motion of single particles, optically levitated in vacuum, have developed rapidly in recent years. The technique of cold damping makes use of feedback-controlled, electrostatic forces to increase dissipation without introducing additional thermal fluctuations. This process has been instrumental in the ground-state cooling of individual electrically charged nanoparticles. Here we show that the same method can be applied to a pair of nanoparticles, coupled by optical binding forces. These optical binding forces are about three orders of magnitude stronger than typical Coulombic inter-particle force and result in a coupled motion of both nanoparticles characterized by a pair of normal modes. We demonstrate cold damping of these normal modes, either independently or simultaneously, to sub-Kelvin temperatures at pressures of 5x10^{-3} mbar. Experimental observations are captured by a theoretical model which we use to survey the parameter space more widely and to quantify the limits imposed by measurement noise and time delays. Our work paves the way for the study of quantum interactions between meso-scale particles and the exploration of multiparticle entanglement in levitated optomechanical systems.
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- 2023
20. Inflammation biomarkers in OSA, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/OSA overlap syndrome.
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Sanchez-Azofra, Ana, Gu, Wanjun, Masso-Silva, Jorge A, Sanz-Rubio, David, Marin-Oto, Marta, Cubero, Pablo, Gil, Ana V, Moya, Esteban A, Barnes, Laura A, Mesarwi, Omar A, Marin, Traci, Simonson, Tatum S, Crotty Alexander, Laura E, Marin, Jose M, and Malhotra, Atul
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology ,Cardiovascular ,Clinical Research ,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ,Prevention ,Sleep Research ,Lung ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Respiratory ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,C-Reactive Protein ,Interleukin-6 ,Sleep Apnea ,Obstructive ,Sleep Apnea Syndromes ,Pulmonary Disease ,Chronic Obstructive ,Inflammation ,Biomarkers ,Autoimmune Diseases ,Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ,cardiovascular risk ,sleep-disordered breathing ,obstructive sleep apnea ,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,overlap syndrome ,c-reactive protein ,granulocyte colony stimulating factor ,interleukin 6 ,interleukin 8 ,Clinical Sciences ,Other Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
Study objectivesThe coexistence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a single individual, also known as overlap syndrome (OVS), is associated with higher cardiovascular risk and mortality than either OSA or COPD alone. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that patients with OVS have elevated systemic inflammatory biomarkers relative to patients with either disease alone, which could explain greater cardiovascular risk observed in OVS.MethodsWe included 255 participants in the study, 55 with COPD alone, 100 with OSA alone, 50 with OVS, and 50 healthy controls. All participants underwent a home sleep study, spirometry, and a blood draw for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and total blood count analysis. In a randomly selected subset of 186 participants, inflammatory protein profiling was performed using Bio-Rad Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-Plex Assays. Biomarker level differences across groups were identified using a mixed linear model.ResultsLevels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) were higher in participants with OVS and COPD compared with healthy controls and participants with OSA. Furthermore, participants with OVS had higher circulating levels of leukocytes and neutrophils than those with COPD, OSA, and controls.ConclusionsCOPD and OVS are associated with higher systemic inflammation relative to OSA and healthy controls. This work proposes the potential utilization of interleukin 6, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as screening biomarkers for COPD in patients with OSA. Inflammatory pathways may not fully explain the higher cardiovascular risk observed in OVS, indicating the need for further investigation.CitationSanchez-Azofra A, Gu W, Masso-Silva JA, et al. Inflammation biomarkers in OSA, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/OSA overlap syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(8):1447-1456.
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- 2023
21. Distance stereopsis in patients with accommodative esotropia
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Oto, Sibel, Gökgöz, Gülşah, Sezenöz, Almila Sarıgül, and Bayar, Sezin Akça
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- 2024
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22. Analysis of MDM2 and TP53 genes in canine liposarcoma
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Muscatello, Luisa Vera, de Biase, Dario, Maloberti, Thais, di Oto, Enrico, Tallini, Giovanni, Pellegrino, Valeria, Bacci, Barbara, Roccabianca, Paola, Lepri, Elvio, Crippa, Luca, and Avallone, Giancarlo
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- 2024
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23. Investigation of optic nerve function in Behçet’s patients with optic disc hyperfluorescence in fundus fluorescein angiography
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Şahin, Atilla, Batu Oto, Bilge, Uzun Adatepe, Nurten, and Uçar, Didar
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- 2024
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24. Curative resection after percutaneous drainage followed by preoperative panitumumab monotherapy for locally advanced sigmoid colon cancer with intra-abdominal abscess: a case report
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Asada, Yusuke, Nakayama, Fumitaka, Takenoya, Takashi, Oto, Ippei, Nakamura, Tetsuya, Osumi, Koji, and Kameyama, Noriaki
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- 2024
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25. Influence of habitat management and selected environmental parameters on the ground-living communities of harvestmen (Opiliones) in the historical park in Rusovce (Slovakia)
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Litavský, Juraj, Majzlan, Oto, Langraf, Vladimír, and Žarnovičan, Hubert
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- 2024
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26. Historic Injustices as Matters of the Present
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Marey, Macarena and De Oto, Alejandro
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- 2024
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27. Phenolic Contents, Enzyme Inhibitory Activities, and Protective Effect of Aqueous Extract of Rosa Pisiformis Fruits
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Ekin, Suat, Akkoyun, Mahire Bayramoglu, Kiziltas, Hatice, Gok, Hasya Nazlı, Oto, Gokhan, Akkoyun, Turan, Ozgokce, Fevzi, and Orhan, Didem Deliorman
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- 2024
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28. Synchronization of spin-driven limit cycle oscillators optically levitated in vacuum
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Brzobohaty, Oto, Duchan, Martin, Jakl, Petr, Jezek, Jan, Zemanek, Pavel, and Simpson, Stephen H.
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Physics - Optics - Abstract
We explore, experimentally and theoretically, the emergence of coherent coupled oscillations and synchronization between a pair of non-Hermitian, stochastic, opto-mechanical oscillators, levitated in vacuum. Each oscillator consists of a polystyrene microsphere trapped in a circularly polarized, counter-propagating Gaussian laser beam. Non-conservative, azimuthal forces, deriving from inhomogeneous optical spin, push the micro-particles out of thermodynamic equilibrium. For modest optical powers each particle shows a tendency towards orbital circulation. Initially, their stochastic motion is weakly correlated. As the power is increased, the tendency towards orbital circulation strengthens and the motion of the particles becomes highly correlated. Eventually, centripetal forces overcome optical gradient forces and the oscillators undergo a collective Hopf bifurcation. For laser powers exceeding this threshold, a pair of limit cycles appear, which synchronize due to weak optical and hydrodynamic interactions. In principle, arrays of such Non-Hermitian elements can be arranged, paving the way for opto-mechanical topological materials or, possibly, classical time crystals. In addition, the preparation of synchronized states in levitated optomechanics could lead to new and robust sensors or alternative routes to the entanglement of macroscopic objects.
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- 2023
29. Sociální klima učitelských sborů: Kvalitativní kvaziexperiment
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Andrea Rozkovcová, Petr Urbánek, Helena Picková, Jitka Jursová, Magda Nišponská, and Oto Dymokurský
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Education - Abstract
The favourable social climate of the teaching staff is one of the key indicators of the quality of school functioning. The text presents five research phases of a qualitative longitudinal pre-post quasi-experiment implemented in the environment of school life. In 37 schools, the climate of the teaching staffs was repeatedly measured with the OCDQ-RS questionnaire in the pre- and post-intervention phase of the experiment. In six of these schools, qualitative research procedures were carried out in order to determine the causes and contexts of the state of the climate and intervention procedures aimed at supporting the development of a favourable teaching staff climate. In the post-intervention phase, focus groups were implemented in six intervened schools to supplement the context. The aim of the research was to find out what effects intervention procedures can have on the climate and under what conditions they can be successful. The results confirm repeated findings about the key role of school leadership in shaping and maintaining a favourable climate of the staff by increasing trust across the staff, promoting open communication and meaningful cooperation of all actors, and leading to shared meanings of events in the school and general acceptance of the school’s values and concept.
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- 2024
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30. Analysis of MDM2 and TP53 genes in canine liposarcoma
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Luisa Vera Muscatello, Dario de Biase, Thais Maloberti, Enrico di Oto, Giovanni Tallini, Valeria Pellegrino, Barbara Bacci, Paola Roccabianca, Elvio Lepri, Luca Crippa, and Giancarlo Avallone
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Canine liposarcoma is an uncommon tumor that shares morphological similarities with its human counterpart. In dogs, the genetic features of this tumor are unknown and, based on immunohistochemical studies, amplification of the gene MDM2 and the mutation of TP53 are suspected. In this study 51 cases of primary liposarcomas were immunohistochemically stained for MDM2 and p53 and subjected to fluorescent in situ hybridization and next-generation sequencing to detect MDM2 amplification and TP53 mutations, respectively. MDM2 and p53 were expressed in 21 and 6 cases, respectively. MDM2 amplification and TP53 mutations were identified in 10 and 15 cases, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed an association of the myxoid subtype and the mitotic count with p53 expression and TP53 mutation. No association was found between MDM2 amplification and MDM2 expression or tumor subtype. These results suggest that despite morphological similarities, canine liposarcoma differs from its human counterpart, for which MDM2 amplification is diagnostic for well differentiated and de-differentiated variants, and TP53 mutations are more common in pleomorphic liposarcoma rather than the myxoid one as occur in our cases. Furthermore, canine myxoid liposarcoma likely represents a distinct disease rather than a mere morphological variant.
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- 2024
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31. The Death of the Short-Form Physics Essay in the Coming AI Revolution
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Yeadon, Will, Inyang, Oto-Obong, Mizouri, Arin, Peach, Alex, and Testrow, Craig
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Physics - Physics Education - Abstract
The latest AI language modules can produce original, high quality full short-form ($300$-word) Physics essays within seconds. These technologies such as ChatGPT and davinci-003 are freely available to anyone with an internet connection. In this work, we present evidence of AI generated short-form essays achieving first-class grades on an essay writing assessment from an accredited, current university Physics module. The assessment requires students answer five open-ended questions with a short, $300$-word essay each. Fifty AI answers were generated to create ten submissions that were independently marked by five separate markers. The AI generated submissions achieved an average mark of $71 \pm 2 \%$, in strong agreement with the current module average of $71 \pm 5 %$. A typical AI submission would therefore most-likely be awarded a First Class, the highest classification available at UK universities. Plagiarism detection software returned a plagiarism score between $2 \pm 1$% (Grammarly) and $7 \pm 2$% (TurnitIn). We argue that these results indicate that current AI MLPs represent a significant threat to the fidelity of short-form essays as an assessment method in Physics courses., Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures
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- 2022
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32. Bayesian Estimation of Experimental Parameters in Stochastic Inertial Systems: Theory, Simulations, and Experiments with Objects Levitated in Vacuum
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Šiler, Martin, Svak, Vojtěch, Jonáš, Alexandr, Simpson, Stephen H., Brzobohatý, Oto, and Zemánek, Pavel
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Physics - Optics ,Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability - Abstract
High-quality nanomechanical oscillators can sensitively probe force, mass, or displacement in experiments bridging the gap between the classical and quantum domain. Dynamics of these stochastic systems is inherently determined by the interplay between acting external forces, viscous dissipation, and random driving by the thermal environment. The importance of inertia then dictates that both position and momentum must, in principle, be known to fully describe the system, which makes its quantitative experimental characterization rather challenging. We introduce a general method of Bayesian inference of the force field and environmental parameters in stochastic inertial systems that operates solely on the time series of recorded noisy positions of the system. The method is first validated on simulated trajectories of model stochastic harmonic and anharmonic oscillators with damping. Subsequently, the method is applied to experimental trajectories of particles levitating in tailored optical fields and used to characterize the dynamics of particle motion in a nonlinear Duffing potential, a static or time-dependent double-well potential, and a non-conservative force field. The presented inference procedure does not make any simplifying assumptions about the nature or symmetry of the acting force field and provides robust results with trajectories two orders of magnitude shorter than those typically required by alternative inference schemes. In addition to being a powerful tool for quantitative data analysis, it can also guide experimentalists in choosing appropriate sampling frequency (at least 20 measured points per single characteristic period) and length of the measured trajectories (at least 10 periods) to estimate the force field and environmental characteristics with a desired accuracy and precision.
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- 2022
33. Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy followed by ex situ lung auto‐transplant (Oto procedure) for central lung cancer: A case report with literature review
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Po‐Keng Su, Chen‐Chieh Lin, Szu‐Yen Hu, Ming‐Hsien Lin, Chun‐Yu Wu, Shun‐Mao Yang, and Takahiro Oto
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central lung cancer ,immunochemotherapy ,lung auto‐transplantation ,neoadjuvant therapy ,sleeve lobectomy ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Abstract Sleeve and double‐sleeve lobectomies are lung‐sparing techniques for treating central lung cancers. However, if the tumour extends to involve the bronchi and vessels, lung auto‐transplantation may be an alternative to pneumonectomy. Neoadjuvant therapy after surgery is the most common strategy for patients with extensive central lung cancer. Herein, we report a case of central lung cancer in a patient who underwent immunochemotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy following lung auto‐transplantation. A 68‐year‐old man with stage IIIA non‐small cell lung cancer and left upper lobe squamous cell carcinoma underwent neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy. Following partial regression, a multidisciplinary team decided on a back‐table procedure with auto‐lung transplantation after pneumonectomy to preserve pulmonary function. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged after three weeks with no residual tumour or lymph node metastases. Lung auto‐transplantation can be successfully performed in non‐lung transplantation centres, potentially broadening treatment options for patients with central lung cancer.
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- 2024
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34. Diffuse preretinal infiltrates in a patient with orbital atypical T-cell lymphoproliferative infiltration masquerading posterior uveitis
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Batu Oto, Bilge, Kılıçarslan, Oğuzhan, Uçar, Didar, Hagverdiyeva, Samira, and Sarıcı, Ahmet Murat
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intraocular lymphoma ,masquerade syndrome ,orbital lymphoma ,preretinal infiltrates ,t-lymphocyte ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Purpose: To report an aggressive and rapidly progressive case of atypical T-cell lymphoproliferative infiltration both with intraocular and orbital involvement and preretinal infiltrates.Methods: Medical records and imaging of the patient were retrospectively reviewed.Case presentation: A 25-year-old woman presented first with preretinal infiltrates resembling uveitis and developed orbital and intracranial signs eventually during her evaluation. Clinical presentation worsened gradually. The patient developed bilateral proptosis, pupillary dilation and uvula deviation. Diagnostic orbital incision biopsy revealed T-cell lymphoproliferative disease. Conclusion: This case gives evidence that intraocular involvement due to T-cell lymphoproliferative disease may present as a masquerade syndrome and should be kept in mind in patients with extraordinary presentation.
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- 2024
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35. Impact of Hemoglobin Levels on Composite Cardiac Arrest or Stroke Outcome in Patients With Respiratory Failure Due to COVID-19
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Shi Nan Feng, BSPH, Thu-Lan Kelly, PhD, John F. Fraser, MD, PhD, Gianluigi Li Bassi, MD, PhD, Jacky Suen, PhD, Akram Zaaqoq, MD, MPH, Matthew J. Griffee, MD, Rakesh C. Arora, MD, Nicole White, PhD, Glenn Whitman, MD, Chiara Robba, MD, PhD, Denise Battaglini, MD, PhD, Sung-Min Cho, DO, MHS, on behalf of COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium (CCCC), Robert Bartlett, John F. Fraser, Gianluigi Li Bassi, Jacky Y. Suen, Heidi J. Dalton, John Laffey, Daniel Brodie, Eddy Fan, Antoni Torres, Davide Chiumello, Alyaa Elhazm, Carol Hodgson, Shingo Ichiba, Carlos Luna, Srinivas Murthy, Alistair Nichol, Pauline Yeung Ng, Mark Ogino, Aidan Burrell, Antonio Pesenti, Tala Al-Dabbous, Huda Alfoudri, Mohammed Shamsah, Subbarao Elapavaluru, Ashley Berg, Christina Horn, Yunis Mayasi, Stephan Schroll, Dan Meyer, Jorge Velazco, Ludmyla Ploskanych, Wanda Fikes, Rohini Bagewadi, Marvin Dao, Haley White, Alondra Berrios Laviena, Ashley Ehlers Maysoon, Shalabi-McGuire, Trent Witt, Lorenzo Grazioli, Luca Lorini, E. Wilson Grandin, Jose Nunez, Tiago Reyes, Diarmuid O’Briain, Stephanie Hunter, Mahesh Ramanan, Julia Affleck, Hemanth Hurkadli Veerendra, Sumeet Rai, Josie Russell-Brown, Mary Nourse, Mark Joseph, Brook Mitchell, Martha Tenzer, Ryuzo Abe, Hwa Jin Cho, In Seok Jeong, Nadeem Rahman, Vivek Kakar, Andres Oswaldo Razo Vazquez, Nicolas Brozzi, Omar Mehkri, Sudhir Krishnan Abhijit, Duggal Stuart Houltham, Jerónimo Graf, Roderigo Diaz, Roderigo Orrego, Camila Delgado, Joyce González, Maria Soledad Sanchez, Michael Piagnerelli, Josefa Valenzuela Sarrazin, A/Prof. Gustavo Zabert, Lucio Espinosa, Paulo Delgado, Victoria Delgado, Diego Fernando, Bautista Rincón, Angela Maria Marulanda Yanten, Melissa Bustamante Duque, Alyaa Elhazmi, Abdullah Al-Hudaib, Maria Callahan, M. Azhari Taufik, Elizabeth Yasmin Wardoyo, Margaretha Gunawan, Nurindah S Trisnaningrum, Vera Irawany, Muhammad Rayhan, Mauro Panigada, Alberto Zanella, Giacomo Grasselli, Sebastiano Colombo, Chiara Martinet, Gaetano Florio, Massimo Antonelli, Simone Carelli, Domenico L. Grieco, Motohiro Asaki, Kota Hoshino, Leonardo Salazar, Mary Alejandra Mendoza Monsalve, Bairbre McNicholas, David Cosgrave, Joseph McCaffrey, Allison Bone, Yusuff Hakeem, James Winearls, Mandy Tallott, David Thomson, Christel Arnold-Day, Jerome Cupido, Zainap Fanie, Malcom Miller, Lisa Seymore, Dawid van Straaten, Ali Ait Hssain, Jeffrey Aliudin, Al-Reem Alqahtani, Khoulod Mohamed, Ahmed Mohamed, Darwin Tan, Joy Villanueva, Ahmed Zaqout, Ethan Kurtzman, Arben Ademi, Ana Dobrita, Khadija El Aoudi, Juliet Segura, Gezy Giwangkancana, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Javier Osatnik, Anne Joosten, Minlan Yang, Ana Motos, Francisco Arancibia, Virginie Williams, Alexandre Noel, Nestor Luque, Marina Fantini, Ruth Noemi Jorge García, Enrique Chicote Alvarez, Anna Greti, Adrian Ceccato, Angel Sanchez, Ana Loza Vazquez, Ferran Roche-Campo, Diego Franch-Llasat, Divina Tuazon, Marcelo Amato, Luciana Cassimiro, Flavio Pola, Francis Ribeiro, Guilherme Fonseca, Heidi Dalton, Mehul Desai, Erik Osborn Hala Deeb, Antonio Arcadipane, Gennaro Martucci, Giovanna Panarello, Chiara Vitiello, Claudia Bianco, Giovanna Occhipinti, Matteo Rossetti, Raffaele Cuffaro, Sung-Min Cho, Glenn Whitman, Hiroaki Shimizu, Naoki Moriyama, Jae-Burm Kim, Nobuya Kitamura, Johannes Gebauer, Toshiki Yokoyama, Abdulrahman Al-Fares, Sarah Buabbas, Esam Alamad, Fatma Alawadhi, Kalthoum Alawadi, Hiro Tanaka, Satoru Hashimoto, Masaki Yamazaki, Tak-Hyuck Oh, Mark Epler, Cathleen Forney, Louise Kruse, Jared Feister, Joelle Williamson, Katherine Grobengieser, Eric Gnall, Sasha Golden, Mara Caroline, Timothy Shapiro, Colleen Karaj, Lisa Thome, Lynn Sher, Mark Vanderland, Mary Welch, Sherry McDermott, Matthew Brain, Sarah Mineall, Dai Kimura, Luca Brazzi, Gabriele Sales, Giorgia Montrucchio, Tawnya Ogston, Dave Nagpal, Karlee Fischer, Roberto Lorusso, Rajavardhan Rangappa, Sujin Rai, Argin Appu, Mariano Esperatti, Nora Angélica Fuentes, Maria Eugenia Gonzalez, Edmund G. Carton, Ayan Sen, Amanda Palacios, Deborah Rainey, Gordan Samoukoviv, Josie Campisi, Lucia Durham, Emily Neumann, Cassandra Seefeldt, Octavio Falcucci, Amanda Emmrich, Jennifer Guy, Carling Johns, Kelly Potzner, Catherine Zimmermann, Angelia Espinal, Nina Buchtele, Michael Schwameis, Andrea Korhnfehl, Roman Brock, Thomas Staudinger, Stephanie-Susanne, Stecher Michaela Barnikel, Sófia Antón, Alexandra Pawlikowski, Akram Zaaqoq, Lan Anh Galloway, Caitlin Merley, Marc Csete, Luisa Quesada, Isabela Saba, Daisuke Kasugai, Hiroaki Hiraiwa, Taku Tanaka, Eva Marwali, Yoel Purnama, Santi Rahayu Dewayanti, Ardiyan, Dafsah Arifa Juzar, Debby Siagian, Yih-Sharng Chen, Indrek Ratsep, Andra-Maris Post, Piret Sillaots, Anneli Krund, Merili-Helen Lehiste, Tanel Lepik, Frank Manetta, Effe Mihelis, Iam Claire Sarmiento, Mangala Narasimhan, Michael Varrone, Mamoru Komats, Julia Garcia-Diaz, Catherine Harmon, S. Veena Satyapriya, Amar Bhatt, Nahush A. Mokadam, Alberto Uribe, Alicia Gonzalez, Haixia Shi, Johnny McKeown, Joshua Pasek, Juan Fiorda, Marco Echeverria, Rita Moreno, Bishoy Zakhary, Marco Cavana, Alberto Cucino, Giuseppe Foti, Marco Giani, Benedetta Fumagalli, Valentina Castagna, Andrea Dell’Amore, Paolo Navalesi, Hoi-Ping Shum, Alain Vuysteke, Asad Usman, Andrew Acker, Benjamin Smood, Blake Mergler, Federico Sertic, Madhu Subramanian, Alexandra Sperry, Nicolas Rizer, Erlina Burhan, Menaldi Rasmin, Ernita Akmal, Faya Sitompul, Navy Lolong, Bhat Naivedh, Simon Erickson, Peter Barrett, David Dean, Julia Daugherty, Antonio Loforte, Irfan Khan, Mohammed Abraar Quraishi, Olivia DeSantis, Dominic So, Darshana Kandamby, Jose M. Mandei, Hans Natanael, Eka YudhaLantang, Anastasia Lantang, Surya Oto Wijaya, Anna Jung, George Ng, Wing Yiu Ng, Shu Fang, Alexis Tabah, Megan Ratcliffe, Maree Duroux, Shingo Adachi, Shota Nakao, Pablo Blanco, Ana Prieto, Jesús Sánchez, Meghan Nicholson, Warwick Butt, Alyssa Serratore, Carmel Delzoppo, Pierre Janin, Elizabeth Yarad, Richard Totaro, Jennifer Coles, Bambang Pujo, Robert Balk, Andy Vissing, Esha Kapania, James Hays, Samuel Fox, Garrett Yantosh, Pavel Mishin, Saptadi Yuliarto, Kohar Hari Santoso, Susanthy Djajalaksana, Arie Zainul Fatoni, Masahiro Fukuda, Keibun Liu, Paolo Pelosi, Denise Battaglini, Juan Fernando Masa Jiménez, Diego Bastos, Sérgio Gaião, Desy Rusmawatiningtyas, Young-Jae Cho, Su Hwan Lee, Tatsuya Kawasaki, Laveena Munshi, Pranya Sakiyalak, Prompak Nitayavardhana, Tamara Seitz, Rakesh Arora, David Kent, Daniel Marino, Swapnil Parwar, Andrew Cheng, Jennene Miller, Shigeki Fujitani, Naoki Shimizu, Jai Madhok, Clark Owyang, Hergen Buscher, Claire Reynolds, Olavi Maasikas, Aleksan Beljantsev, Vladislav Mihnovits, Takako Akimoto, Mariko Aizawa, Kanako Horibe, Ryota Onodera, Meredith Young, Timothy George, Kiran Shekar, Niki McGuinness, Lacey Irvine, Brigid Flynn, Tomoyuki Endo, Kazuhiro Sugiyama, Keiki Shimizu, Kathleen Exconde, Leslie Lussier, Gösta Lotz, Maximilian Malfertheiner, Lars Maier, Esther Dreier, Neurinda Permata Kusumastuti, Colin McCloskey, Al-Awwab Dabaliz, Tarek B Elshazly, Josiah Smith, Konstanty S. Szuldrzynski, Piotr Bielański, Keith Wille, Ken Kuljit, S. Parhar, Kirsten M. Fiest, Cassidy Codan, Anmol Shahid, Mohamed Fayed, Timothy Evans, Rebekah Garcia, Ashley Gutierrez, Tae Song, Rebecca Rose, Suzanne Bennett, Denise Richardson, Giles Peek, Lovkesh Arora, Kristina Rappapport, Kristina Rudolph, Zita Sibenaller, Lori Stout, Alicia Walter, Daniel Herr, Nazli Vedadi, Shaun Thompson, Julie Hoffman, Xiaonan Ying, Ryan Kennedy, Muhammed Elhadi, Matthew Griffee, Anna Ciullo, Yuri Kida, Ricard Ferrer Roca, JordI Riera, Sofia Contreras, Cynthia Alegre, Christy Kay, Irene Fischer, Elizabeth Renner, Hayato Taniguci, John Fraser, Jacky Suen, Adrian Barnett, Nicole White, Kristen Gibbons, Simon Forsyth, Amanda Corley, India Pearse, Samuel Hinton, Gabriella Abbate, Halah Hassan, Silver Heinsar, Varun A Karnik, Katrina Ki, Hollier F. O’Neill, Nchafatso Obonyo, Leticia Pretti Pimenta, Janice D. Reid, Kei Sato, Aapeli Vuorinen, Karin S. Wildi, Emily S. Wilson, Stephanie Yerkovich, James Lee, Daniel Plotkin, Barbara Wanjiru Citarella, Laura Merson, Emma Hartley, Bastian Lubis, Takanari Ikeyama, Balu Bhaskar, Jae-Seung Jung, Shay McGuinness, Glenn Eastwood, Sandra Rossi Marta, Fabio Guarracino, Stacy Gerle, Emily Coxon, Bruno Claro, Daniel Loverde, Namrata Patil, Vieri Parrini, Angela McBride, Kathryn Negaard, Angela Ratsch, Ahmad Abdelaziz, Juan David Uribe, Adriano Peris, Mark Sanders, Dominic Emerson, Muhammad Kamal, Pedro Povoa, Roland Francis, Ali Cherif, Sunimol Joseph, Matteo Di Nardo, Micheal Heard, Kimberly Kyle, Ray A Blackwell, Patrick Biston, Hye Won Jeong, Reanna Smith, Yogi Prawira, Arturo Huerta Garcia, Nahikari Salterain, Bart Meyns, Marsha Moreno, Rajat Walia, Amit Mehta, Annette Schweda, Moh Supriatna, Cenk Kirakli, Melissa Williams, Kyung Hoon Kim, Alexandra Assad, Estefania Giraldo, Wojtek Karolak, Martin Balik, Elizabeth Pocock, Evan Gajkowski, Kanamoto Masafumi, Nicholas Barrett, Yoshihiro Takeyama, Sunghoon Park, Faizan Amin, Fina Meilyana Andriyani, Serhii Sudakevych, Magdalena Vera, Rodrigo Cornejo, Patrícia Schwarz, Ana Carolina Mardini, Thais de Paula, Ary Serpa Neto, Andrea Villoldo, Alexandre Siciliano Colafranceschi, Alejandro Ubeda Iglesias, Juan Granjean, Lívia Maria Garcia Melro, Giovana Fioravante Romualdo, Diego Gaia, Helmgton Souza, Filomena Galas, Rafael Máñez Mendiluce, Alejandra Sosa, Ignacio Martinez, Hiroshi Kurosawa, Juan Salgado, Beate Hugi-Mayr, Eric Charbonneau, Vitor Salvatore Barzilai, Veronica Monteiro, Rodrigo Ribeiro de Souza, Michael Harper, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Celina Adams, Jorge Brieva, George Nyale, Faisal Saleem Eltatar, Jihan Fatani, Husam Baeissa, Ayman AL Masri, Ahmed Rabie, Mok Yee Hui, Masahiro Yamane, Hanna Jung, Ayorinde Mojisola Margaret, Newell Nacpil, Katja Ruck, Rhonda Bakken, Claire Jara, Tim Felton, Lorenzo Berra, Bobby Shah, Arpan Chakraborty, Monika Cardona, Gerry Capatos, Bindu Akkanti, Abiodun Orija, Harsh Jain, Asami Ito, Brahim Housni, Sennen Low, Koji Iihara, Joselito Chavez, Kollengode Ramanathan, Gustavo Zabert, Krubin Naidoo, Ian Seppelt, Marlice VanDyk, Sarah MacDonald, Randy McGregor, Teka Siebenaler, Hannah Flynn, Kristi Lofton, Toshiyuki Aokage, Kazuaki Shigemitsu, Andrea Moscatelli, Giuseppe Fiorentino, Matthias Baumgaertel, Serge Eddy Mba, Jana Assy, Amelya Hutahaean, Holly Roush, Kay A Sichting, Francesco Alessandri, Debra Burns, Gavin Salt, Carl P. Garabedian, Jonathan Millar, Malcolm Sim, Adrian Mattke, Danny McAuley, Jawad Tadili, Tim Frenzel, Yaron Bar-Lavie, Aaron Blandino Ortiz, Jackie Stone, Antony Attokaran, Michael Farquharson, Brij Patel, Derek Gunning, Kenneth Baillie, Pia Watson, Kenji Tamai, Gede Ketut Sajinadiyasa, Dyah Kanyawati, Marcello Salgado, Assad Sassine, Bhirowo Yudo, Scott McCaul, Bongjin Lee, Sang Min Lee, Arnon Afek, Yoshiaki Iwashita, Bambang Pujo Semedi, Jack Metiva, Nicole Van Belle, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Lenny Ivatt, Chia Yew Woon, Hyun Mi Kang, Timothy Smith, Erskine James, Nawar Al-Rawas, Yudai Iwasaki, Kenny Chan King-Chung, Vadim Gudzenko, Fabio Taccone, Fajar Perdhana, Yoan Lamarche, Joao Miguel Ribeiro, Nikola Bradic, Klaartje Van den Bossche, Oude Lansink, Gurmeet Singh, Gerdy Debeuckelaere, Henry T. Stelfox, Cassia Yi, Jennifer Elia, Thomas Tribble, Shyam Shankar, Raj Padmanabhan, Bill Hallinan, Luca Paoletti, Yolanda Leyva, Tatuma Fykuda, Jenelle Badulak, Jillian Koch, Amy Hackman, Lisa Janowaik, Deb Hernandez, Jennifer Osofsky, Katia Donadello, Aizah Lawang, Josh Fine, and Benjamin Davidson
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Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Abstract
OBJECTIVES:. Anemia has been associated with an increased risk of both cardiac arrest and stroke, frequent complications of COVID-19. The effect of hemoglobin level at ICU admission on a composite outcome of cardiac arrest or stroke in an international cohort of COVID-19 patients was investigated. DESIGN:. Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected database. SETTING:. A registry of COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs at over 370 international sites was reviewed for patients diagnosed with cardiac arrest or stroke up to 30 days after ICU admission. Anemia was defined as: normal (hemoglobin ≥ 12.0 g/dL for women, ≥ 13.5 g/dL for men), mild (hemoglobin 10.0–11.9 g/dL for women, 10.0–13.4 g/dL for men), moderate (hemoglobin ≥ 8.0 and < 10.0 g/dL for women and men), and severe (hemoglobin < 8.0 g/dL for women and men). PATIENTS:. Patients older than 18 years with acute COVID-19 infection in the ICU. INTERVENTIONS:. None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:. Of 6926 patients (median age = 59 yr, male = 65%), 760 patients (11.0%) experienced stroke (2.0%) and/or cardiac arrest (9.4%). Cardiac arrest or stroke was more common in patients with low hemoglobin, occurring in 12.8% of patients with normal hemoglobin, 13.3% of patients with mild anemia, and 16.7% of patients with moderate/severe anemia. Time to stroke or cardiac arrest by anemia status was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression with death as a competing risk. Covariates selected through clinical knowledge were age, sex, comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiac or neurologic conditions), pandemic era, country income, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Moderate/severe anemia was associated with a higher risk of cardiac arrest or stroke (hazard ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.05–1.67). CONCLUSIONS:. In an international registry of ICU patients with COVID-19, moderate/severe anemia was associated with increased hazard of cardiac arrest or stroke.
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- 2024
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36. Impact of patient selection in clinical trials: application of ROCKET AF and ARISTOTLE criteria in GARFIELD-AF
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Toon Wei Lim, Ralf E Harskamp, Karen Pieper, Freek Verheugt, Ajay K Kakkar, Keith A A Fox, Jelle C L Himmelreich, Sylvia Haas, Saverio Virdone, Shinya Goto, Ali Oto, Petr Jansky, John Camm, Harry Gibbs, Barry F Jacobson, and J P S Sawhney
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Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Background The extent to which differences in results from Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) and Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial (ROCKET) atrial fibrillation (AF)—the landmark trials for the approval of apixaban and rivaroxaban, respectively, for non-valvular AF—were influenced by differences in their protocols is debated. The potential influence of selection criteria on trial results was assessed by emulating these trials in data from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the Field (GARFIELD)-AF registry.Methods Vitamin K antagonist (VKA) and non-vitamin K oral antagonist (NOAC) users from GARFIELD-AF were selected according to eligibility for the original ARISTOTLE or ROCKET AF trials. A propensity score overlap weighted Cox model was used to emulate trial randomisation between treatment groups. Adjusted HRs for stroke or systemic embolism (SE) within 2 years of enrolment were calculated for each NOAC versus VKA.Results Among patients on apixaban, rivaroxaban and VKA, 2570, 3560 and 8005 were eligible for ARISTOTLE, respectively, and 1612, 2005 and 4368, respectively, for ROCKET AF. When selecting for ARISTOTLE criteria, apixaban users had significantly lower stroke/SE risk versus VKA (HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.94) while no reduction was observed with rivaroxaban (HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.68 to 1.40). When selecting for ROCKET AF criteria, safety and efficacy versus VKA were similar across the NOACs.Conclusion Apixaban and rivaroxaban showed similar results versus VKA in high-risk patients selected according to ROCKET AF criteria, whereas differences emerged when selecting for the more inclusive ARISTOTLE criteria. Our results highlight the importance of trial selection criteria in interpreting trial results and underline the problems faced in comparing treatments across rather than within clinical trials.
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- 2024
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37. Analysis of Desertification Trends in the Algerian Steppe Using Multitemporal Satellite Imagery for the Period 2002-2022.
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Mejdi Kaddour, Lucas De Oto, Amel Faiza Tandjaoui, Hachem Guerid, and Mahdi Khodadadzadeh
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- 2024
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38. Pecan: Cost-Efficient ML Data Preprocessing with Automatic Transformation Ordering and Hybrid Placement.
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Dan Graur, Oto Mraz, Muyu Li, Mohammad Sepehr Pourghannad, Chandramohan A. Thekkath, and Ana Klimovic
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- 2024
39. Towards a Syntactic Lexicon of Brazilian Portuguese Adjectives.
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Ryan Martinez, Jorge Baptista, and Oto A. Vale
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- 2024
40. Using Large Language Models for Identifying Satirical News in Brazilian Portuguese.
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Gabriela Wick-Pedro, Cássio Faria da Silva, Marcio Lima Inácio, Oto Araújo Vale, and Helena de Medeiros Caseli
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- 2024
41. Sharing Leadership with Communities to Promote Mental Health Resilience in the Face of Climate Change
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Rosas, Lisa Goldman, Sheats, Jylana L., King, Abby C., Ortiz-Partida, J. Pablo, Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio, Oto-Kent, Debra, Espinosa, Patricia Rodriguez, Chen, Wei-ting, Kissam, Edward, Montag, Zappa, Shah, Ankur, Clark, Koren, Newman, Sarah, Zeitz, Lian, and Moore, Rhonda J., editor
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- 2024
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42. Roadmap for optical tweezers
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Volpe, Giovanni, Maragò, Onofrio M, Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina, Pesce, Giuseppe, Stilgoe, Alexander B, Volpe, Giorgio, Tkachenko, Georgiy, Truong, Viet Giang, Chormaic, Síle Nic, Kalantarifard, Fatemeh, Elahi, Parviz, Käll, Mikael, Callegari, Agnese, Marqués, Manuel I, Neves, Antonio AR, Moreira, Wendel L, Fontes, Adriana, Cesar, Carlos L, Saija, Rosalba, Saidi, Abir, Beck, Paul, Eismann, Jörg S, Banzer, Peter, Fernandes, Thales FD, Pedaci, Francesco, Bowen, Warwick P, Vaippully, Rahul, Lokesh, Muruga, Roy, Basudev, Thalhammer-Thurner, Gregor, Ritsch-Marte, Monika, García, Laura Pérez, Arzola, Alejandro V, Castillo, Isaac Pérez, Argun, Aykut, Muenker, Till M, Vos, Bart E, Betz, Timo, Cristiani, Ilaria, Minzioni, Paolo, Reece, Peter J, Wang, Fan, McGloin, David, Ndukaife, Justus C, Quidant, Romain, Roberts, Reece P, Laplane, Cyril, Volz, Thomas, Gordon, Reuven, Hanstorp, Dag, Marmolejo, Javier Tello, Bruce, Graham D, Dholakia, Kishan, Li, Tongcang, Brzobohatý, Oto, Simpson, Stephen H, Zemánek, Pavel, Ritort, Felix, Roichman, Yael, Bobkova, Valeriia, Wittkowski, Raphael, Denz, Cornelia, Kumar, GV Pavan, Foti, Antonino, Donato, Maria Grazia, Gucciardi, Pietro G, Gardini, Lucia, Bianchi, Giulio, Kashchuk, Anatolii V, Capitanio, Marco, Paterson, Lynn, Jones, Philip H, Berg-Sørensen, Kirstine, Barooji, Younes F, Oddershede, Lene B, Pouladian, Pegah, Preece, Daryl, Adiels, Caroline Beck, De Luca, Anna Chiara, Magazzù, Alessandro, Ciriza, David Bronte, Iatì, Maria Antonia, and Swartzlander, Grover A
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Physical Sciences ,Classical Physics ,Nanotechnology ,Bioengineering ,optical tweezers ,optical trapping ,optical manipulation ,Atomic ,molecular and optical physics ,Quantum physics - Abstract
Optical tweezers are tools made of light that enable contactless pushing, trapping, and manipulation of objects, ranging from atoms to space light sails. Since the pioneering work by Arthur Ashkin in the 1970s, optical tweezers have evolved into sophisticated instruments and have been employed in a broad range of applications in the life sciences, physics, and engineering. These include accurate force and torque measurement at the femtonewton level, microrheology of complex fluids, single micro- and nano-particle spectroscopy, single-cell analysis, and statistical-physics experiments. This roadmap provides insights into current investigations involving optical forces and optical tweezers from their theoretical foundations to designs and setups. It also offers perspectives for applications to a wide range of research fields, from biophysics to space exploration.
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- 2023
43. The Death of the Short-Form Physics Essay in the Coming AI Revolution
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Yeadon, Will, Inyang, Oto-Obong, Mizouri, Arin, Peach, Alex, and Testrow, Craig P.
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The latest AI language modules can produce original, high quality full short-form (300-word) Physics essays within seconds. These technologies such as ChatGPT and davinci-003 are freely available to anyone with an internet connection. In this work, we present evidence of AI generated short-form essays achieving First-Class grades on an essay writing assessment from an accredited, current university Physics module. The assessment requires students answer five open-ended questions with a short, 300-word essay each. Fifty AI answers were generated to create ten submissions that were independently marked by five separate markers. The AI generated submissions achieved an average mark of 71 ± 2%, in strong agreement with the current module average of 71 ± 5%. A typical AI submission would therefore most-likely be awarded a First Class, the highest classification available at UK universities. Plagiarism detection software returned a plagiarism score between 2 ± 1% (Grammarly) and 7 ± 2% (TurnitIn). We argue that these results indicate that current natural language processing AI represent a significant threat to the fidelity of short-form essays as an assessment method in Physics courses.
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- 2023
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44. Diagnostic yield and safety of percutaneous native kidney biopsy in pregnancy: 20-years of single-center experience
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Yazici, Halil, Dirim, Ahmet Burak, Garayeva, Nurana, Safak, Seda, Ozluk, Yasemin, Hurdogan, Ozge, Oto, Ozgur Akin, Artan, Ayse Serra, and Turkmen, Aydin
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- 2023
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45. Mycophenolate mofetil may be an alternative for maintenance therapy of Behçet syndrome uveitis: a single-center retrospective analysis
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Ucar, Didar, Esatoglu, Sinem Nihal, Cerme, Emir, Batu-Oto, Bilge, Hamuryudan, Vedat, Seyahi, Emire, Melikoglu, Melike, Fresko, Izzet, Ozyazgan, Yılmaz, and Hatemi, Gulen
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- 2023
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46. Analysis of Crush Syndrome Patients With and Without Acute Kidney Injury during the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake: Experience of a Tertiary Referral Center from Türkiye
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Kenan Turgutalp, Ahmet Alper Kıykım, Özgür Akın Oto, Serap Demir, Deniz Çobanoğlu, İyed Oğuz, Reyhan Ezgi Ünver, İrem Akın Şen, Caner Özer, Mehmet Şükrü Sever, and Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Study Group
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Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Published
- 2024
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47. Effectiveness and health risk assessment of drinking water from different sources treated by local household water treatment methods in Bamenda, Cameroon
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Therese Ncheuveu Nkwatoh, Benard Mingo Yakum, and Paul Oto Beseka Itor
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disease burden ,pathogens infection risk ,quantitative microbial risk assessment ,risk of illness ,water treatment ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
This study accessed the efficiency and health risks of drinking water from different sources treated by filtration, boiling, chlorination, flocculation, and solar disinfection. The microbial quality of 45 treated water samples from boreholes, wells, and pipe-borne water was analyzed to determine treatment effectiveness and to quantify risk using quantitative microbial risk assessment. The effectiveness of each treatment method was a function of sampling sources (p < 0.05) and location (p < 0.10), chlorination and boiling being the most efficient methods (100%). Shiegella in well water samples treated by filtration and flocculation had the highest daily infection risk of 69.5 × 10−1 and 67.5 × 10−1 pppd. The annual risk of infection from Salmonella, Shigella, and Staphylococcus ranged from 7.8 × 10−1 to 1.00 pppy, exceeding the U.S. EPA annual infection benchmark (≤10−4 pppy). Salmonella, Shigella, and Staphylococcus had the highest risk of illness of 4.50 × 10−1, 3.30 × 10−1, and 9.80 × 10−1, respectively. All disease burden values exceeded the WHO disease burden benchmark (≤10−6 DALYs/pppy), with Staphylococcus and Salmonella contributing the highest disease burden of 4.71 × 10−2 and 2.13 × 10−2, DALYs/pppy. Therefore, boiling and chlorination are the best disinfection methods for the pathogens tested. HIGHLIGHTS Filtration of drinking water with ceramic filters (the most common LHWT method in Bamenda, Cameroon) is the least effective method in removing bacterial contaminants such as Salmonella, Shigella and Staphylococcus.; Boiling and chlorinaIon are the most effective disinfection methods for the pathogens tested.; Filtration, flocculation, and SODIS did not reduce pathogenic concentraIons below risk levels.; Bacteria contaminants in poorly-treated drinking water exceeded the WHO disease burden benchmark.;
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- 2024
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48. Relationships between milk ketone bodies and selected milk indicators during conventional and extended lactation
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Karolína REINDL, Lucie HASOŇOVÁ, Roman KONEČNÝ, Michaela HORČIČKOVÁ, Jan TRÁVNÍČEK, Natalia CLIMOVA, Simona JANOUŠEK HONESOVÁ, Martin KVÁČ, Jindřich ČÍTEK, Oto HANUŠ, and Eva SAMKOVÁ
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dairy cows ,milk samples ,β-hydroxybutyrate ,acetone ,milk composition ,fatty acids ,Agriculture - Abstract
During lactation, dairy cows undergo various metabolic changes that are reflected not only in milk yield but also in milk composition. This study aimed to determine the milk performance and composition depending on the stage of lactation and describe relationships between energy metabolism indicators (ketone bodies: β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), acetone) in milk and selected indicators of milk performance and composition. The study was conducted on 1,909 dairy cows (Holstein, Czech Fleckvieh, and their crossbreds), which were divided into four groups according to the stage of lactation (early (6-100 days in milk), mid (101-200 days), late (201-305 days), and extended (>305 days)). The obligatory dynamics of the main milk components were found during the entire lactation, i.e., an increase in the protein content (from 3.30 to 3.76 g/100 g) and fat content (from 4.25 to 4.42 g/100 g) and a decrease in the lactose content (from 5.06 to 4.91 g/100 g). Significantly higher (P < 0.001) contents of ketone bodies were found in early and extended lactation than in mid and late lactation. The effect of lipomobilization on milk fat composition is documented by positive correlation coefficients between ketone bodies and long-chain fatty acids (FAs) and medium-chain FAs and negative correlation coefficients between ketone bodies and short-chain FAs. Positive correlation coefficients were calculated between ketone bodies and milk fat, citric acid, fat-to-protein ratio, and somatic cell score, and negative correlation coefficients were calculated between ketone bodies and milk protein, lactose, and free FAs. Our results demonstrate that currently often realized extended lactation in high-yielding dairy cows is similarly demanding as early lactation regarding energy metabolism and, thus, milk composition changes.
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- 2024
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49. UAV-Based Classification of Intercropped Forage Cactus: A Comparison of RGB and Multispectral Sample Spaces Using Machine Learning in an Irrigated Area
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Oto Barbosa de Andrade, Abelardo Antônio de Assunção Montenegro, Moisés Alves da Silva Neto, Lizandra de Barros de Sousa, Thayná Alice Brito Almeida, João Luis Mendes Pedroso de Lima, Ailton Alves de Carvalho, Marcos Vinícius da Silva, Victor Wanderley Costa de Medeiros, Rodrigo Gabriel Ferreira Soares, Thieres George Freire da Silva, and Bárbara Pinto Vilar
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crop classification ,multispectral bands ,RGB bands ,machine learning ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Precision agriculture requires accurate methods for classifying crops and soil cover in agricultural production areas. The study aims to evaluate three machine learning-based classifiers to identify intercropped forage cactus cultivation in irrigated areas using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). It conducted a comparative analysis between multispectral and visible Red-Green-Blue (RGB) sampling, followed by the efficiency analysis of Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Random Forest (RF) algorithms. The classification targets included exposed soil, mulching soil cover, developed and undeveloped forage cactus, moringa, and gliricidia in the Brazilian semiarid. The results indicated that the KNN and RF algorithms outperformed other methods, showing no significant differences according to the kappa index for both Multispectral and RGB sample spaces. In contrast, the GMM showed lower performance, with kappa index values of 0.82 and 0.78, compared to RF 0.86 and 0.82, and KNN 0.86 and 0.82. The KNN and RF algorithms performed well, with individual accuracy rates above 85% for both sample spaces. Overall, the KNN algorithm demonstrated superiority for the RGB sample space, whereas the RF algorithm excelled for the multispectral sample space. Even with the better performance of multispectral images, machine learning algorithms applied to RGB samples produced promising results for crop classification.
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- 2024
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50. Roadmap for Optical Tweezers
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Volpe, Giovanni, Maragò, Onofrio M., Rubinzstein-Dunlop, Halina, Pesce, Giuseppe, Stilgoe, Alexander B., Volpe, Giorgio, Tkachenko, Georgiy, Truong, Viet Giang, Chormaic, Síle Nic, Kalantarifard, Fatemeh, Elahi, Parviz, Käll, Mikael, Callegari, Agnese, Marqués, Manuel I., Neves, Antonio A. R., Moreira, Wendel L., Fontes, Adriana, Cesar, Carlos L., Saija, Rosalba, Saidi, Abir, Beck, Paul, Eismann, Jörg S., Banzer, Peter, Fernandes, Thales F. D., Pedaci, Francesco, Bowen, Warwick P, Vaippully, Rahul, Lokesh, Muruga, Roy, Basudev, Thalhammer, Gregor, Ritsch-Marte, Monika, García, Laura Pérez, Arzola, Alejandro V., Castillo, Isaac Pérez, Argun, Aykut, Muenker, Till M., Vos, Bart E., Betz, Timo, Cristiani, Ilaria, Minzioni, Paolo, Reece, Peter J., Wang, Fan, McGloin, David, Ndukaife, Justus C., Quidant, Romain, Roberts, Reece P., Laplane, Cyril, Volz, Thomas, Gordon, Reuven, Hanstorp, Dag, Marmolejo, Javier Tello, Bruce, Graham D., Dholakia, Kishan, Li, Tongcang, Brzobohatý, Oto, Simpson, Stephen H., Zemánek, Pavel, Ritort, Felix, Roichman, Yael, Bobkova, Valeriia, Wittkowski, Raphael, Denz, Cornelia, Kumar, G. V. Pavan, Foti, Antonino, Donato, Maria Grazia, Gucciardi, Pietro G., Gardini, L., Bianchi, G., Kashchuk, A., Capitanio, M., Paterson, Lynn, Jones, P. H., Berg-Sørensen, Kirstine, Barooji, Younes F., Oddershede, Lene B., Pouladian, Pegah, Preece, Daryl, Adiels, Caroline Beck, De Luca, Anna Chiara, Magazzù, A., Ciriza, D. Bronte, Iatì, M. A., and Swartzlander, Grover A.
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Physics - Optics ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter - Abstract
Optical tweezers are tools made of light that enable contactless pushing, trapping, and manipulation of objects ranging from atoms to space light sails. Since the pioneering work by Arthur Ashkin in the 1970s, optical tweezers have evolved into sophisticated instruments and have been employed in a broad range of applications in life sciences, physics, and engineering. These include accurate force and torque measurement at the femtonewton level, microrheology of complex fluids, single micro- and nanoparticle spectroscopy, single-cell analysis, and statistical-physics experiments. This roadmap provides insights into current investigations involving optical forces and optical tweezers from their theoretical foundations to designs and setups. It also offers perspectives for applications to a wide range of research fields, from biophysics to space exploration., Comment: 181 pages, 61 figures
- Published
- 2022
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