23 results on '"Ottino-González J"'
Search Results
2. Allostatic load and executive functions in overweight adults
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Ottino-González, J., Jurado, M.A., García-García, I., Caldú, X., Prats-Soteras, X., Tor, E., Sender-Palacios, M.J., and Garolera, M.
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- 2019
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3. Allostatic load and disordered white matter microstructure in overweight adults
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Ottino-González, J., Jurado, M. A., García-García, I., Segura, B., Marqués-Iturria, I., Sender-Palacios, M. J., Tor, E., Prats-Soteras, X., Caldú, X., Junqué, C., Pasternak, O., and Garolera, M.
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- 2018
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4. Cortical profiles of numerous psychiatric disorders and normal development share a common pattern
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Cao, Z., Cupertino, R.B., Ottino-González, J., Murphy, A., Pancholi, D., Juliano, A., Luijten, M., Groefsema, M.M., Mackey, S., Garavan, H., Anatomy and neurosciences, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Brain Imaging, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Adult Psychiatry, APH - Mental Health, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention
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Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Molecular Biology ,Developmental Psychopathology ,Communication and Media - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 284968.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) The neurobiological bases of the association between development and psychopathology remain poorly understood. Here, we identify a shared spatial pattern of cortical thickness (CT) in normative development and several psychiatric and neurological disorders. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to CT of 68 regions in the Desikan-Killiany atlas derived from three large-scale datasets comprising a total of 41,075 neurotypical participants. PCA produced a spatially broad first principal component (PC1) that was reproducible across datasets. Then PC1 derived from healthy adult participants was compared to the pattern of CT differences associated with psychiatric and neurological disorders comprising a total of 14,886 cases and 20,962 controls from seven ENIGMA disease-related working groups, normative maturation and aging comprising a total of 17,697 scans from the ABCD Study® and the IMAGEN developmental study, and 17,075 participants from the ENIGMA Lifespan working group, as well as gene expression maps from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. Results revealed substantial spatial correspondences between PC1 and widespread lower CT observed in numerous psychiatric disorders. Moreover, the PC1 pattern was also correlated with the spatial pattern of normative maturation and aging. The transcriptional analysis identified a set of genes including KCNA2, KCNS1 and KCNS2 with expression patterns closely related to the spatial pattern of PC1. The gene category enrichment analysis indicated that the transcriptional correlations of PC1 were enriched to multiple gene ontology categories and were specifically over-represented starting at late childhood, coinciding with the onset of significant cortical maturation and emergence of psychopathology during the prepubertal-to-pubertal transition. Collectively, the present study reports a reproducible latent pattern of CT that captures interregional profiles of cortical changes in both normative brain maturation and a spectrum of psychiatric disorders. The pubertal timing of the expression of PC1-related genes implicates disrupted neurodevelopment in the pathogenesis of the spectrum of psychiatric diseases emerging during adolescence. 12 p.
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- 2022
5. Alterations in Brain Network Organization in Adults With Obesity as Compared With Healthy-Weight Individuals and Seniors
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Ottino-González J, Baggio HC, Jurado MA, Segura B, Caldu X, Prats-Soteras X, Tor E, Sender-Palacios MJ, Miró N, Sánchez-Garre C, Dadar M, Dagher A, García-García I, and Garolera M
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Life expectancy and obesity rates have drastically increased in recent years. An unhealthy weight is related to long-lasting medical disorders that might compromise the normal course of aging. The aim of the current study of brain connectivity patterns was to examine whether adults with obesity would show signs of premature aging, such as lower segregation, in large-scale networks. METHODS: Participants with obesity (n = 30, mean age = 32.8 ± 5.68 years) were compared with healthy-weight controls (n = 33, mean age = 30.9 ± 6.24 years) and senior participants who were stroke-free and without dementia (n = 30, mean age = 67.1 ± 6.65 years) using resting-state magnetic resonance imaging and graph theory metrics (i.e., small-world index, clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, and degree). RESULTS: Contrary to our hypothesis, participants with obesity exhibited a higher clustering coefficient compared with senior participants (t = 5.06, p < .001, d = 1.23, 95% CIbca = 0.64 to 1.88). Participants with obesity also showed lower global degree relative to seniors (t = -2.98, p = .014, d = -0.77, 95% CIbca = -1.26 to -0.26) and healthy-weight controls (t = -2.92, p = .019, d = -0.72, 95% CIbca = -1.19 to -0.25). Regional degree alterations in this group were present in several functional networks. CONCLUSIONS: Participants with obesity displayed greater network clustering than did seniors and also had lower degree compared with seniors and individuals with normal weight, which is not consistent with the notion that obesity is associated with premature aging of the brain. Although the cross-sectional nature of the study precludes causal inference, the overly clustered network patterns in obese participants could be relevant to age-related changes in brain function because regular networks might be less resilient and metabolically inefficient.
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- 2021
6. Obesity and brain topological organization differences throughout the lifespan
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Ottino-González, J., Baggio, H.C., Jurado, M.A., Segura, B., Caldú, X., Prats-Soteras, X., Tor, C., Sender-Palacios, M.J., Miró, N., Sánchez-Garre, C., Dadar, M., Dagher, A., García-García, I., and Garolera, M.
- Abstract
Life expectancy and obesity rates have drastically increased in recent years. An unhealthy weight is related to long-lasting biological deregulations that might compromise the normal course of development and the so-called “successful aging”. The aim of the current study was to test whether an obesity status could mimic the functional organization of an otherwise healthy aged brain. To this end, we included adults with (N = 32, mean age 34.5 ± 6.49) and without obesity (N = 34, mean age 32.7 ± 6.79) as well as adolescents with obesity (N = 30, mean age 15.3 ± 2.64) and normal-weight (N = 31, mean age 15.6 ± 2.60). A sample of stroke-free non-obese and non-demented seniors was also entered (N = 32, mean age 66.1 ± 7.43). Participants underwent a resting-state MRI acquisition and graph-based measurements of segregation, integration and robustness (i.e., mean degree and strength) were calculated. Obesity in adults was accompanied by a broad pattern of losses in network robustness when compared to healthy-weight adults and seniors, as well as increases in network segregation relative to elders. Differences in adolescents followed the same direction yet did not survive multiple comparison adjustment. No interaction emerged when exploring the transition from childhood to adulthood accounting for body-weight status. While more research is needed, we offer preliminary evidence of an obesity status negatively rendering network resilience, which could compromise the normal course of aging.
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- 2019
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7. Effect of the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val (158) Met polymorphism on theory of mind in obesity
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Caldu X, Ottino-González J, Sánchez-Garre C, Hernan I, Tor E, Sender-Palacios MJ, Dreher JC, Garolera M, and Jurado MA
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theory of mind ,COMT ,obesity ,dopamine - Abstract
Obesity is often accompanied with psychosocial adjustment problems, such as difficulties in social interactions and social withdrawal. A key aspect of social cognition is theory of mind, which allows inferring mental states, feelings, motivations, and beliefs of others and to use this information to predict their future behaviour. Theory of mind is highly dependent on prefrontal dopaminergic neurotransmission, which is regulated by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity. We aimed at determining whether theory of mind is altered in obesity and if this ability is modulated by COMT. Fifty patients with obesity and 47 normal-weight individuals underwent the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and the Vocabulary subscale of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The genotype for the COMT Val (158) Met functional polymorphism was determined for all subjects. Patients with obesity obtained significantly lower scores in the negative items of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test than normal-weight subjects. Further, an interaction effect was observed between group and COMT genotype. Specifically, the presence of the Met allele was associated to a better identification of negative mental states only in patients with obesity. Our results indicate that obesity is accompanied with difficulties in theory of mind and that this ability is influenced by the COMT genotype.
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- 2019
8. Inflammatory agents partially explain changes in cortical thickness and surface area related to body mass index in adolescence
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Prats-Soteras, X., primary, Jurado, M.A., additional, Ottino-González, J., additional, García-García, I., additional, Segura, B., additional, Caldú, X., additional, Sánchez-Garre, C., additional, Miró, N., additional, Tor, C., additional, Sender-Palacios, M., additional, and Garolera, M., additional
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- 2019
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9. Alterations in brain network organization in adults with obesity as compared to healthy-weight individuals and seniors
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Ottino-González, J., primary, Baggio, H.C., additional, Jurado, M.A., additional, Segura, B., additional, Caldú, X., additional, Prats-Soteras, X., additional, Tor, C., additional, Sender-Palacios, M.J., additional, Miró, N., additional, Sánchez-Garre, C., additional, Dadar, M., additional, Dagher, A., additional, García-García, I., additional, and Garolera, M, additional
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- 2019
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10. El volumen de los ganglios basales predice el rendimiento en velocidad de procesamiento en adolescentes con obesidad
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Matés, I., primary, Ottino-González, J., additional, Prats-Soteras, X., additional, Jurado, M.A., additional, Segura, B., additional, García-García, I., additional, Caldú, X., additional, Sánchez-Castañeda, C., additional, Luís-Ruiz, S., additional, Sender, M.J., additional, Sánchez-Garre, C., additional, Miró, N., additional, Font, T., additional, and Garolera, M., additional
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- 2018
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11. Allostatic Load Is Linked to Cortical Thickness Changes Depending on Body-Weight Status
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Ottino-González J, Jurado MA, García-García I, Segura B, Marqués-Iturria I, Sender-Palacios MJ, Tor E, Prats-Soteras X, Caldu X, Junqué C, and Garolera M
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obesity ,inflammation ,magnetic resonance imaging ,overweight ,cortical thickness ,allostatic load ,chronic stress - Abstract
Objective: Overweight (body mass index or BMI = 25 kg/m(2)) and stress interact with each other in complex ways. Overweight promotes chronic low-inflammation states, while stress is known to mediate caloric intake. Both conditions are linked to several avoidable health problems and to cognitive decline, brain atrophy, and dementia. Since it was proposed as a framework for the onset of mental illness, the allostatic load model has received increasing attention. Although changes in health and cognition related to overweight and stress are well-documented separately, the association between allostatic load and brain integrity has not been addressed in depth, especially among overweight subjects. Method: Thirty-four healthy overweight-to-obese and 29 lean adults underwent blood testing, neuropsychological examination, and magnetic resonance imaging to assess the relationship between cortical thickness and allostatic load, represented as an index of 15 biomarkers (this is, systolic and diastolic arterial tension, glycated hemoglobin, glucose, creatinine, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, c-reactive protein, interleukin-6, insulin, cortisol, fibrinogen, and leptin). Results: Allostatic load indexes showed widespread positive and negative significant correlations (p < 0.01) with cortical thickness values depending on body-weight status. Conclusion: The increase of allostatic load is linked to changes in the gray matter composition of regions monitoring behavior, sensory-reward processing, and general cognitive function.
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- 2017
12. Consumption of different combinations of human milk oligosaccharides in the first 6 mo of infancy is positively associated with early cognition at 2 y of age in a longitudinal cohort of Latino children.
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Ottino-González J, Adise S, Machle CJ, Mokhtari P, Holzhausen EA, Furst A, Yonemitsu C, Alderete TL, Bode L, Peterson BS, and Goran MI
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- Humans, Female, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Preschool, Male, Child Development, Adult, Cohort Studies, Infant, Newborn, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Milk, Human chemistry, Oligosaccharides, Cognition, Hispanic or Latino
- Abstract
Background: Lactation has been widely associated with optimal neurocognitive development, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex sugars that support brain development, but previous studies examining their associations with cognition have yielded inconsistent findings., Objectives: This study aimed to provide a broader understanding of how HMOs jointly influence cognition., Methods: We used data from an ongoing longitudinal cohort of Latino mother-infant dyads. Human milk samples from 1 mo (n = 157) and 6 mo (n = 107) postpartum were assessed for the 19 most abundant HMOs. Cognitive performance was assessed at 2 y using the Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development. A partial least squares model identified HMO combinations predictive of cognitive scores., Results: At 1 mo, the combination of higher concentrations of lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP)-III, 6'-sialyllactose, and 2'-fucosyllactose (FL) with lower concentrations of sialyllacto-N-tetraose (LST) b, LNFP-II, fucodisialyllacto-N-hexaose, and 3-FL significantly predicted higher cognitive scores (β: 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30, 0.92), explaining an additional 8% of the variance over a model with only nuisance covariates (11%). Additional analyses revealed that the combination of higher LNFP-III and lower LSTb alone explained 5% more of the variation in cognitive scores (β: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.24, 1.09). At 6 mo (n = 107), higher LNnT, LNT, and LNFP-III and lower 3FL and LSTb concentrations explained an extra 6% of the variance in cognitive scores (β: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.75)., Conclusions: This study highlights specific HMO combinations in early life influencing cognitive performance at 2 y., (Copyright © 2024 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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13. Mega-analysis of the brain-age gap in substance use disorder: An ENIGMA Addiction working group study.
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Scheffler F, Ipser J, Pancholi D, Murphy A, Cao Z, Ottino-González J, Thompson PM, Shoptaw S, Conrod P, Mackey S, Garavan H, and Stein DJ
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Background and Aims: The brain age gap (BAG), calculated as the difference between a machine learning model-based predicted brain age and chronological age, has been increasingly investigated in psychiatric disorders. Tobacco and alcohol use are associated with increased BAG; however, no studies have compared global and regional BAG across substances other than alcohol and tobacco. This study aimed to compare global and regional estimates of brain age in individuals with substance use disorders and healthy controls., Design: This was a cross-sectional study., Setting: This is an Enhancing Neuro Imaging through Meta-Analysis Consortium (ENIGMA) Addiction Working Group study including data from 38 global sites., Participants: This study included 2606 participants, of whom 1725 were cases with a substance use disorder and 881 healthy controls., Measurements: This study used the Kaufmann brain age prediction algorithms to generate global and regional brain age estimates using T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. We used linear mixed effects models to compare global and regional (FreeSurfer lobestrict output) BAG (i.e. predicted minus chronological age) between individuals with one of five primary substance use disorders as well as healthy controls., Findings: Alcohol use disorder (β = -5.49, t = -5.51, p < 0.001) was associated with higher global BAG, whereas amphetamine-type stimulant use disorder (β = 3.44, t = 2.42, p = 0.02) was associated with lower global BAG in the separate substance-specific models., Conclusions: People with alcohol use disorder appear to have a higher brain-age gap than people without alcohol use disorder, which is consistent with other evidence of the negative impact of alcohol on the brain., (© 2024 The Author(s). Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction.)
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- 2024
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14. Maternal Diet Associated with Oligosaccharide Abundances in Human Milk from Latina Mothers.
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Mokhtari P, Schmidt KA, Zamanian H, Babaei M, Machle CJ, Trifonova D, Alderete TL, Holzhausen EA, Ottino-González J, Chalifour BN, Jones RB, Furst A, Yonemitsu C, Bode L, and Goran MI
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- Humans, Female, Adult, Young Adult, Infant, Breast Feeding, Trisaccharides analysis, Vitamins analysis, Vitamins administration & dosage, Longitudinal Studies, Mothers, Milk, Human chemistry, Oligosaccharides analysis, Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Hispanic or Latino, Diet
- Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are important bioactive compounds that enhance health and developmental outcomes in breastfed babies. Maternal dietary intake likely contributes to variation in HMO composition, but studies identifying diet-HMO relationships are few and inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate how the maternal intake of macronutrients and micronutrients-specifically proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals-associated with HMOs at 1 month (n = 210), 6 months (n = 131), and 12 months postpartum (n = 84). Several associations between maternal dietary factors and HMO profiles were identified utilizing partial correlation analysis. For example, maternal free sugar (rho = -0.02, p < 0.01), added sugar (rho = -0.22, p < 0.01), and sugary sweetened beverage (rho = -0.22, p < 0.01) intake were negatively correlated with the most abundant HMO, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), at 1 month, suggesting that higher sugar consumption was associated with reduced levels of 2'-FL. Further, vitamins D, C, K, and the minerals zinc and potassium were positively correlated with 2'-FL at 1 month (p
All < 0.05). For the longitudinal analysis, a mixed-effects linear regression model revealed significant associations between maternal vitamin intake and HMO profiles over time. For example, for each unit increase in niacin intake, there was a 31.355 nmol/mL increase in 2'-FL concentration ( p = 0.03). Overall, the results provide additional evidence supporting a role for maternal nutrition in shaping HMO profiles, which may inform future intervention strategies with the potential of improving infant growth and development through optimal HMO levels in mothers' milk.- Published
- 2024
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15. Pre-pregnancy maternal obesity and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes in Latino infants.
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Babaei M, Machle CJ, Mokhtari P, Ottino González J, Schmidt KA, Alderete TL, Adise S, Peterson BS, and Goran MI
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Pregnancy, Cognition, Diet, Diet, Healthy, Mothers psychology, Poverty, Body Mass Index, Child Development, Hispanic or Latino statistics & numerical data, Obesity, Maternal
- Abstract
Objective: This study explores the impact of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI on infant neurodevelopment at 24 months in low-income Latino families. It also investigates whether infant diet mediates this relationship., Methods: Latino mother-infant pairs (n = 163) were enrolled at 1 month post partum and were followed for 2 years, with assessments at 6-month intervals. Maternal pre-pregnancy anthropometrics were self-reported at baseline, and child neurodevelopment was assessed at 24 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Diet quality of infants was measured using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and HEI-Toddlers-2020 scores at multiple time points. Mediation and regression models that adjust for maternal factors were used to examine the associations., Results: Pre-pregnancy BMI showed significant negative associations with child cognitive scores (β = -0.1, 95% CI: -0.2 to -0.06, p < 0.001) and language scores (β = -0.1, 95% CI: -0.2 to -0.03, p = 0.01) at 24 months. Infant HEI-2015 scores at 24 months partly mediated these associations, explaining 23% and 30% of the total effect on cognitive and language subscales, respectively. No specific dietary components in infants mediated the relationship, except for the total HEI-2015 score., Conclusions: Managing maternal obesity pre-pregnancy is crucial for improving infant neurodevelopmental outcomes, especially in low-income Latino families. Promoting healthy weight and enhancing infant diet quality can enhance neurodevelopment in these populations., (© 2024 The Obesity Society.)
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- 2024
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16. Allostatic load, adverse childhood experiences, executive functions, and BMI status in adolescents and young adults.
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Prunell-Castañé A, Garolera M, Ottino-González J, and Jurado MÁ
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Objectives: Chronic stress induces preclinical changes in the metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune systems. This phenomenon, known as allostatic load (AL), can impair executive functions (EF), which may be even more affected in individuals with excess weight due to their characteristic inflammatory state and cardiometabolic changes. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) contribute to AL and may influence executive functioning presumably via alterations within the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, including epigenetic modifications. We assess the relationship between AL and EF in youth with and without excess weight, and the effect ACEs on executive functioning., Methods: One hundred eighty-two adolescents and young adults (85 with normal weight and 97 with overweight/obesity; 10-21 years) were recruited. The estimated AL index included the following: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and cortisol. ACEs were measured using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. The neuropsychological evaluation included the assessment of inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility processes., Results: AL was not significantly associated with executive functioning, and this relationship did not depend on body-weight status. ACEs, available for 57 of 182 participants, were significantly associated with poorer executive functioning., Conclusions: Our study shows that AL is not associated with executive functioning in adolescents and young adults. Since the current sample was young, we hypothesize that a longer exposure to AL might be required for its negative effects to surface. Nevertheless, exposure to early adversity seems to be associated with poorer executive functioning in youth., (© 2024 The Authors. American Journal of Human Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2024
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17. Brain structural covariance network features are robust markers of early heavy alcohol use.
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Ottino-González J, Cupertino RB, Cao Z, Hahn S, Pancholi D, Albaugh MD, Brumback T, Baker FC, Brown SA, Clark DB, de Zambotti M, Goldston DB, Luna B, Nagel BJ, Nooner KB, Pohl KM, Tapert SF, Thompson WK, Jernigan TL, Conrod P, Mackey S, and Garavan H
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- Young Adult, Adolescent, Child, Humans, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Brain pathology, Alcoholism pathology, Connectome methods
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Recently, we demonstrated that a distinct pattern of structural covariance networks (SCN) from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived measurements of brain cortical thickness characterized young adults with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and predicted current and future problematic drinking in adolescents relative to controls. Here, we establish the robustness and value of SCN for identifying heavy alcohol users in three additional independent studies., Design and Setting: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies using data from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition and Genetics (PING) study (n = 400, age range = 14-22 years), the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) (n = 272, age range = 17-22 years) and the Human Connectome Project (HCP) (n = 375, age range = 22-37 years)., Cases: Cases were defined based on heavy alcohol use patterns or former alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnoses: 50, 68 and 61 cases were identified. Controls had none or low alcohol use or absence of AUD: 350, 204 and 314 controls were selected., Measurements: Graph theory metrics of segregation and integration were used to summarize SCN., Findings: Mirroring our prior findings, and across the three data sets, cases had a lower clustering coefficient [area under the curve (AUC) = -0.029, P = 0.002], lower modularity (AUC = -0.14, P = 0.004), lower average shortest path length (AUC = -0.078, P = 0.017) and higher global efficiency (AUC = 0.007, P = 0.010). Local efficiency differences were marginal (AUC = -0.017, P = 0.052). That is, cases exhibited lower network segregation and higher integration, suggesting that adjacent nodes (i.e. brain regions) were less similar in thickness whereas spatially distant nodes were more similar., Conclusion: Structural covariance network (SCN) differences in the brain appear to constitute an early marker of heavy alcohol use in three new data sets and, more generally, demonstrate the utility of SCN-derived metrics to detect brain-related psychopathology., (© 2023 The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction.)
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- 2024
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18. Recalibrating single-study effect sizes using hierarchical Bayesian models.
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Cao Z, McCabe M, Callas P, Cupertino RB, Ottino-González J, Murphy A, Pancholi D, Schwab N, Catherine O, Hutchison K, Cousijn J, Dagher A, Foxe JJ, Goudriaan AE, Hester R, Li CR, Thompson WK, Morales AM, London ED, Lorenzetti V, Luijten M, Martin-Santos R, Momenan R, Paulus MP, Schmaal L, Sinha R, Solowij N, Stein DJ, Stein EA, Uhlmann A, van Holst RJ, Veltman DJ, Wiers RW, Yücel M, Zhang S, Conrod P, Mackey S, and Garavan H
- Abstract
Introduction: There are growing concerns about commonly inflated effect sizes in small neuroimaging studies, yet no study has addressed recalibrating effect size estimates for small samples. To tackle this issue, we propose a hierarchical Bayesian model to adjust the magnitude of single-study effect sizes while incorporating a tailored estimation of sampling variance., Methods: We estimated the effect sizes of case-control differences on brain structural features between individuals who were dependent on alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, or cannabis and non-dependent participants for 21 individual studies (Total cases: 903; Total controls: 996). Then, the study-specific effect sizes were modeled using a hierarchical Bayesian approach in which the parameters of the study-specific effect size distributions were sampled from a higher-order overarching distribution. The posterior distribution of the overarching and study-specific parameters was approximated using the Gibbs sampling method., Results: The results showed shrinkage of the posterior distribution of the study-specific estimates toward the overarching estimates given the original effect sizes observed in individual studies. Differences between the original effect sizes (i.e., Cohen's d) and the point estimate of the posterior distribution ranged from 0 to 0.97. The magnitude of adjustment was negatively correlated with the sample size (r = -0.27, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with empirically estimated sampling variance (r = 0.40, p < 0.001), suggesting studies with smaller samples and larger sampling variance tended to have greater adjustments., Discussion: Our findings demonstrate the utility of the hierarchical Bayesian model in recalibrating single-study effect sizes using information from similar studies. This suggests that Bayesian utilization of existing knowledge can be an effective alternative approach to improve the effect size estimation in individual studies, particularly for those with smaller samples., Competing Interests: RS has served on the scientific advisory board of Embera Neuro-therapeutics. DS has received research grants and/or consultancy honoraria from Lundbeck and Sun. MY has received funding from several law firms in relation to expert witness reports. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Cao, McCabe, Callas, Cupertino, Ottino-González, Murphy, Pancholi, Schwab, Catherine, Hutchison, Cousijn, Dagher, Foxe, Goudriaan, Hester, Li, Thompson, Morales, London, Lorenzetti, Luijten, Martin-Santos, Momenan, Paulus, Schmaal, Sinha, Solowij, Stein, Stein, Uhlmann, van Holst, Veltman, Wiers, Yücel, Zhang, Conrod, Mackey, Garavan and the ENIGMA Addiction Working Group.)
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- 2023
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19. Body mass index, systemic inflammation and cognitive performance in adolescents: A cross-sectional study.
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Caldú X, Prats-Soteras X, García-García I, Prunell-Castañé A, Sánchez-Garre C, Cano N, Tor E, Sender-Palacios MJ, Ottino-González J, Garolera M, and Jurado MÁ
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- Humans, Adolescent, Body Mass Index, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cognition, Inflammation, Memory, Short-Term, Biomarkers, Body Weight, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Obesity psychology
- Abstract
Background: Excessive body weight has been related to lower cognitive performance. One of the mechanisms through which excess body weight may affect cognition is inflammation., Hypothesis: Our hypothesis is that both body mass index (BMI) and circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers will be negatively related to cognitive performance., Design: Cross-sectional study., Setting: Users of the public health centres of the Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (Terrassa, Spain) between 2010 and 2017 aged 12-21 years., Participants: One hundred and five adolescents (46 normoweight, 18 overweight, 41 obese)., Measurements: Levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and fibrinogen were determined from blood samples. Cognitive performance was evaluated and six cognitive composites were obtained: working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, decision-making, verbal memory, and fine motor speed. A single multivariate general lineal model was used to assess the influence of the four inflammatory biomarkers, as well as participants' BMI, sex, and age on the 6 cognitive indexes., Results: An inverse relationship between BMI and inhibitory control (F = 5.688, p = .019; β = -0.212, p = .031), verbal memory (F = 5.404, p = .022; β = -0.255, p = .009) and fine motor speed (F = 9.038, p = .003; β = -0.319, p = .001) was observed. Levels of TNFα and fibrinogen were inversely related to inhibitory control (F = 5.055, p = .027; β = -0.226, p = .021) and verbal memory (F = 4.732, p = .032; β = -0.274, p = .005), respectively., Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of the study, the use of cognitive tests designed for clinical purposes, and the use of BMI as a proxy for adiposity are limitations of our study that must be taken into account when interpreting results., Conclusions: Our data indicate that some components of executive functions, together with verbal memory, are sensitive to specific obesity-related inflammatory agents at early ages., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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20. Beyond BMI: cardiometabolic measures as predictors of impulsivity and white matter changes in adolescents.
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Prunell-Castañé A, Jurado MÁ, Ottino-González J, Prats-Soteras X, Sánchez Garre C, Cano Marco N, Salas Gómez-Pablos P, García-García I, and Garolera M
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- Humans, Adolescent, Child, Young Adult, Adult, Body Mass Index, Overweight pathology, Obesity diagnostic imaging, Obesity pathology, Impulsive Behavior, White Matter diagnostic imaging, White Matter pathology, Cardiovascular Diseases pathology
- Abstract
Obesity is characterized by cardiometabolic and neurocognitive changes. However, how these two factors relate to each other in this population is unknown. We tested the association that cardiometabolic measures may have with impulse behaviors and white matter microstructure in adolescents with and without an excess weight. One hundred and eight adolescents (43 normal-weight and 65 overweight/obesity; 11-19 years old) were medically and psychologically (Temperament Character Inventory Revised, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18, Conners' Continuous Performance Test-II, Stroop Color and Word Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Kirby Delay Discounting Task) evaluated. A subsample of participants (n = 56) underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging acquisition. In adolescents, higher triglycerides and having a body mass index indicative of overweight/obesity predicted a more impulsive performance in Conners' Continuous Performance Test-II (higher commission errors). In addition, higher glucose and diastolic blood pressure values predicted increments in the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 emotional eating scale. Neuroanatomically, cingulum fractional anisotropy showed a negative relationship with glycated hemoglobin. The evaluation of the neurocognitive differences associated with obesity, usually based on body mass index, should be complemented with cardiometabolic measures., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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21. Brain structural covariance network differences in adults with alcohol dependence and heavy-drinking adolescents.
- Author
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Ottino-González J and Garavan H
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain diagnostic imaging, Cross-Sectional Studies, Europe, Humans, Young Adult, Alcoholism
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Graph theoretic analysis of structural covariance networks (SCN) provides an assessment of brain organization that has not yet been applied to alcohol dependence (AD). We estimated whether SCN differences are present in adults with AD and heavy-drinking adolescents at age 19 and age 14, prior to substantial exposure to alcohol., Design: Cross-sectional sample of adults and a cohort of adolescents. Correlation matrices for cortical thicknesses across 68 regions were summarized with graph theoretic metrics., Setting and Participants: A total of 745 adults with AD and 979 non-dependent controls from 24 sites curated by the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis (ENIGMA)-Addiction consortium, and 297 hazardous drinking adolescents and 594 controls at ages 19 and 14 from the IMAGEN study, all from Europe., Measurements: Metrics of network segregation (modularity, clustering coefficient and local efficiency) and integration (average shortest path length and global efficiency)., Findings: The younger AD adults had lower network segregation and higher integration relative to non-dependent controls. Compared with controls, the hazardous drinkers at age 19 showed lower modularity [area-under-the-curve (AUC) difference = -0.0142, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.1333, 0.0092; P-value = 0.017], clustering coefficient (AUC difference = -0.0164, 95% CI = -0.1456, 0.0043; P-value = 0.008) and local efficiency (AUC difference = -0.0141, 95% CI = -0.0097, 0.0034; P-value = 0.010), as well as lower average shortest path length (AUC difference = -0.0405, 95% CI = -0.0392, 0.0096; P-value = 0.021) and higher global efficiency (AUC difference = 0.0044, 95% CI = -0.0011, 0.0043; P-value = 0.023). The same pattern was present at age 14 with lower clustering coefficient (AUC difference = -0.0131, 95% CI = -0.1304, 0.0033; P-value = 0.024), lower average shortest path length (AUC difference = -0.0362, 95% CI = -0.0334, 0.0118; P-value = 0.019) and higher global efficiency (AUC difference = 0.0035, 95% CI = -0.0011, 0.0038; P-value = 0.048)., Conclusions: Cross-sectional analyses indicate that a specific structural covariance network profile is an early marker of alcohol dependence in adults. Similar effects in a cohort of heavy-drinking adolescents, observed at age 19 and prior to substantial alcohol exposure at age 14, suggest that this pattern may be a pre-existing risk factor for problematic drinking., (© 2022 Society for the Study of Addiction.)
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- 2022
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22. White matter microstructure differences in individuals with dependence on cocaine, methamphetamine, and nicotine: Findings from the ENIGMA-Addiction working group.
- Author
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Ottino-González J, Uhlmann A, Hahn S, Cao Z, Cupertino RB, Schwab N, Allgaier N, Alia-Klein N, Ekhtiari H, Fouche JP, Goldstein RZ, Li CR, Lochner C, London ED, Luijten M, Masjoodi S, Momenan R, Oghabian MA, Roos A, Stein DJ, Stein EA, Veltman DJ, Verdejo-García A, Zhang S, Zhao M, Zhong N, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Conrod P, Mackey S, and Garavan H
- Subjects
- Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Humans, Nicotine, Cocaine, Methamphetamine adverse effects, White Matter diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Background: Nicotine and illicit stimulants are very addictive substances. Although associations between grey matter and dependence on stimulants have been frequently reported, white matter correlates have received less attention., Methods: Eleven international sites ascribed to the ENIGMA-Addiction consortium contributed data from individuals with dependence on cocaine (n = 147), methamphetamine (n = 132) and nicotine (n = 189), as well as non-dependent controls (n = 333). We compared the fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD) of 20 bilateral tracts. Also, we compared the performance of various machine learning algorithms in deriving brain-based classifications on stimulant dependence., Results: The cocaine and methamphetamine groups had lower regional FA and higher RD in several association, commissural, and projection white matter tracts. The methamphetamine dependent group additionally showed lower regional AD. The nicotine group had lower FA and higher RD limited to the anterior limb of the internal capsule. The best performing machine learning algorithm was the support vector machine (SVM). The SVM successfully classified individuals with dependence on cocaine (AUC = 0.70, p < 0.001) and methamphetamine (AUC = 0.71, p < 0.001) relative to non-dependent controls. Classifications related to nicotine dependence proved modest (AUC = 0.62, p = 0.014)., Conclusions: Stimulant dependence was related to FA disturbances within tracts consistent with a role in addiction. The multivariate pattern of white matter differences proved sufficient to identify individuals with stimulant dependence, particularly for cocaine and methamphetamine., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
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- 2022
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23. Restrained Eating Is Associated with Lower Cortical Thickness in the Inferior Frontal Gyrus in Adolescents.
- Author
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García-García I, Garolera M, Ottino-González J, Prats-Soteras X, Prunell-Castañé A, and Jurado MÁ
- Abstract
Some eating patterns, such as restrained eating and uncontrolled eating, are risk factors for eating disorders. However, it is not yet clear whether they are associated with neurocognitive differences. In the current study, we analyzed whether eating patterns can be used to classify participants into meaningful clusters, and we examined whether there are neurocognitive differences between the clusters. Adolescents ( n = 108; 12 to 17 years old) and adults ( n = 175, 18 to 40 years old) completed the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, which was used to classify participants according to their eating profile using k means clustering. Participants also completed personality questionnaires and a neuropsychological examination. A subsample of participants underwent a brain MRI acquisition. In both samples, we obtained a cluster characterized by high uncontrolled eating patterns, a cluster with high scores in restrictive eating, and a cluster with low scores in problematic eating behaviors. The clusters were equivalent with regards to personality and performance in executive functions. In adolescents, the cluster with high restrictive eating showed lower cortical thickness in the inferior frontal gyrus compared to the other two clusters. We hypothesize that this difference in cortical thickness represents an adaptive neural mechanism that facilitates inhibition processes.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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