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11 results on '"Ou, Longwu"'

1. Vector-Vector-Matrix Architecture: A Novel Hardware-Aware Framework for Low-Latency Inference in NLP Applications

Author

Khoury, Matthew, Dangovski, Rumen, Ou, Longwu, Nakov, Preslav, Shen, Yichen, and Jing, Li

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Hardware Architecture
Abstract

Deep neural networks have become the standard approach to building reliable Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, ranging from Neural Machine Translation (NMT) to dialogue systems. However, improving accuracy by increasing the model size requires a large number of hardware computations, which can slow down NLP applications significantly at inference time. To address this issue, we propose a novel vector-vector-matrix architecture (VVMA), which greatly reduces the latency at inference time for NMT. This architecture takes advantage of specialized hardware that has low-latency vector-vector operations and higher-latency vector-matrix operations. It also reduces the number of parameters and FLOPs for virtually all models that rely on efficient matrix multipliers without significantly impacting accuracy. We present empirical results suggesting that our framework can reduce the latency of sequence-to-sequence and Transformer models used for NMT by a factor of four. Finally, we show evidence suggesting that our VVMA extends to other domains, and we discuss novel hardware for its efficient use., Comment: To appear at the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP '20), November 16-20, 2020, NMT, AI accelerators, co-design, TPU, OPU, 10 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables

Published
2020

2. Probing Few-Body Nuclear Dynamics via H 3 and He 3 ( e , e ′ p ) pn Cross-Section Measurements

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Jefferson Lab Hall A Tritium Collaboration, Cruz Torres, Reynier, Nguyen, D., Schmidt, A., Beck, Arie, Gilad, Shalev, Hen, Or, Laskaris, Georgios, Beck, S. May-Tal, Ou, Longwu, Papadopoulou, Afroditi, Patsyuk, Maria, Segarra, Efrain Patrick, Schmookler, Barak Abraham, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Jefferson Lab Hall A Tritium Collaboration, Cruz Torres, Reynier, Nguyen, D., Schmidt, A., Beck, Arie, Gilad, Shalev, Hen, Or, Laskaris, Georgios, Beck, S. May-Tal, Ou, Longwu, Papadopoulou, Afroditi, Patsyuk, Maria, Segarra, Efrain Patrick, and Schmookler, Barak Abraham

Published
2022

4. Comparing proton momentum distributions in A = 2 and 3 nuclei via [superscript 2]H [superscript 3]H and [superscript 3]He (e,e′p) measurements

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cruz Torres, Reynier, Schmidt, A., Beck, Arie, Gilad, Shalev, Hen, Or, Laskaris, Georgios, Beck, S. May-Tal, Ou, Longwu, Papadopoulou, A., Patsyuk, Maria, Segarra, E. P., Schmookler, Barak Abraham, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cruz Torres, Reynier, Schmidt, A., Beck, Arie, Gilad, Shalev, Hen, Or, Laskaris, Georgios, Beck, S. May-Tal, Ou, Longwu, Papadopoulou, A., Patsyuk, Maria, Segarra, E. P., and Schmookler, Barak Abraham

Published
2021

6. First Measurement of the Ti (e,e′) X Cross Section at Jefferson Lab

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Cruz Torres, Reynier, Ou, Longwu, Dai, H., Murphy, M., Pandey, V., Abrams, D., Nguyen, D., Aljawrneh, B., Alsalmi, S., Ankowski, A. M., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Benhar, O., Bellini, V., Bericic, J., Biswas, D., Camsonne, A., Castellanos, J., Chen, J.-P., Christy, M. E., Craycraft, K., Day, D., Dusa, S.-C., Fuchey, E., Gautam, T., Giusti, C., Gomez, J., Gu, C., Hague, T., Hansen, J.-O., Hauenstein, F., Higinbotham, D. W., Hyde, C., Jen, C. M., Keppel, C., Li, S., Lindgren, R., Liu, H., Mariani, C., McClellan, R. E., Meekins, D., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Nycz, M., Pandey, B., Park, K., Perera, G., Puckett, A. J. R., Širca, S., Su, T., Tang, L., Tian, Y., Ton, N., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Ye, Z., Zhang, J., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Cruz Torres, Reynier, Ou, Longwu, Dai, H., Murphy, M., Pandey, V., Abrams, D., Nguyen, D., Aljawrneh, B., Alsalmi, S., Ankowski, A. M., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Benhar, O., Bellini, V., Bericic, J., Biswas, D., Camsonne, A., Castellanos, J., Chen, J.-P., Christy, M. E., Craycraft, K., Day, D., Dusa, S.-C., Fuchey, E., Gautam, T., Giusti, C., Gomez, J., Gu, C., Hague, T., Hansen, J.-O., Hauenstein, F., Higinbotham, D. W., Hyde, C., Jen, C. M., Keppel, C., Li, S., Lindgren, R., Liu, H., Mariani, C., McClellan, R. E., Meekins, D., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Nycz, M., Pandey, B., Park, K., Perera, G., Puckett, A. J. R., Širca, S., Su, T., Tang, L., Tian, Y., Ton, N., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Ye, Z., and Zhang, J.

Abstract

National Science Foundation (U.S.) (CAREER Grant PHY-1352106)

Published
2018

7. Transmission of high-power electron beams through small apertures

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Tschalar, Christoph, Bertozzi, William, Cowan, Ray Franklin, Fisher, Peter H., Ihloff, Ernest E., Kelleher, Aidan, Milner, Richard G., Ou, Longwu, Schmookler, Barak Abraham, Alarcon, R., Balascuta, S., Boyce, J.R., Douglas, D., Evtushenko, P., Kalantarians, N., Legg, R., Tennant, C., Zhang, S., Benson, S. V., Neil, G. R., Williams, G. P., Cowan, Ray F, Fisher, Peter H, Ihloff, Ernest E, Milner, Richard G, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Tschalar, Christoph, Bertozzi, William, Cowan, Ray Franklin, Fisher, Peter H., Ihloff, Ernest E., Kelleher, Aidan, Milner, Richard G., Ou, Longwu, Schmookler, Barak Abraham, Alarcon, R., Balascuta, S., Boyce, J.R., Douglas, D., Evtushenko, P., Kalantarians, N., Legg, R., Tennant, C., Zhang, S., Benson, S. V., Neil, G. R., Williams, G. P., Cowan, Ray F, Fisher, Peter H, Ihloff, Ernest E, and Milner, Richard G

Abstract

Tests were performed to pass a 100 MeV, 430 kWatt c.w. electron beam from the energy-recovery linac at the Jefferson Laboratory's FEL facility through a set of small apertures in a 127 mm long aluminum block. Beam transmission losses of 3 p.p.m. through a 2 mm diameter aperture were maintained during a 7 h continuous run., United States. Dept. of Energy (Contract DE-AC05-060R23177), United States. Dept. of Energy (MIT Nuclear Contract DE-FG02-94ER40818), Commonwealth of Virginia

Published
2016

8. Measured radiation and background levels during transmission of megawatt electron beams through millimeter apertures

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Bertozzi, William, Cowan, Ray Franklin, Fisher, Peter H., Ihloff, Ernest E., Kelleher, Aidan, Milner, Richard G., Ou, Longwu, Schmookler, Barak Abraham, Tschalar, Christoph, Alarcon, R., Balascuta, S., Benson, S.V., Boyce, J. R., Douglas, D., Evtushenko, P., Kalantarians, N., Kossler, W. J., Legg, R., Long, E., Neil, G. R., Tennant, C., Williams, G. P., Zhang, S., Cowan, Ray F, Fisher, Peter H, Ihloff, Ernest E, Milner, Richard G, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Bertozzi, William, Cowan, Ray Franklin, Fisher, Peter H., Ihloff, Ernest E., Kelleher, Aidan, Milner, Richard G., Ou, Longwu, Schmookler, Barak Abraham, Tschalar, Christoph, Alarcon, R., Balascuta, S., Benson, S.V., Boyce, J. R., Douglas, D., Evtushenko, P., Kalantarians, N., Kossler, W. J., Legg, R., Long, E., Neil, G. R., Tennant, C., Williams, G. P., Zhang, S., Cowan, Ray F, Fisher, Peter H, Ihloff, Ernest E, and Milner, Richard G

Abstract

We report measurements of photon and neutron radiation levels observed while transmitting a 0.43 MW electron beam through millimeter-sized apertures and during beam-off, but accelerating gradient RF-on, operation. These measurements were conducted at the Free-Electron Laser (FEL) facility of the Jefferson National Accelerator Laboratory (JLab) using a 100 mev electron beam from an energy-recovery linear accelerator. The beam was directed successively through 6 mm, 4 mm, and 2 mm diameter apertures of length 127 mm in aluminum at a maximum current of 4.3 mA (430 kW beam power). This study was conducted to characterize radiation levels for experiments that need to operate in this environment, such as the proposed DarkLight Experiment. We find that sustained transmission of a 430 kW continuous-wave (CW) beam through a 2 mm aperture is feasible with manageable beam-related backgrounds. We also find that during beam-off, RF-on operation, multipactoring inside the niobium cavities of the accelerator cryomodules is the primary source of ambient radiation when the machine is tuned for 130 mev operation., United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Science

Published
2016

9. Transmission of Megawatt Relativistic Electron Beams through Millimeter Apertures

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Bertozzi, William, Cowan, Ray Franklin, Fisher, Peter H., Ihloff, Ernest E., Kelleher, A., Milner, Richard G., Ou, Longwu, Schmookler, Barak Abraham, Tschalaer, Christoph, Alarcon, R., Balascuta, S., Benson, S. V., Boyce, J. R., Douglas, D., Evtushenko, P., Kalantarians, N., Legg, R., Neil, G. R., Tennant, C., Williams, G. P., Zhang, S., Cowan, Ray F, Fisher, Peter H, Ihloff, Ernest E, Milner, Richard G, Tschalar, Christoph, Kelleher, Aidan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Bertozzi, William, Cowan, Ray Franklin, Fisher, Peter H., Ihloff, Ernest E., Kelleher, A., Milner, Richard G., Ou, Longwu, Schmookler, Barak Abraham, Tschalaer, Christoph, Alarcon, R., Balascuta, S., Benson, S. V., Boyce, J. R., Douglas, D., Evtushenko, P., Kalantarians, N., Legg, R., Neil, G. R., Tennant, C., Williams, G. P., Zhang, S., Cowan, Ray F, Fisher, Peter H, Ihloff, Ernest E, Milner, Richard G, Tschalar, Christoph, and Kelleher, Aidan

Abstract

High-power, relativistic electron beams from energy-recovering linacs have great potential to realize new experimental paradigms for pioneering innovation in fundamental and applied research. A major design consideration for this new generation of experimental capabilities is the understanding of the halo associated with these bright, intense beams. In this Letter, we report on measurements performed using the 100 MeV, 430 kW cw electron beam from the energy-recovering linac at the Jefferson Laboratory’s Free Electron Laser facility as it traversed a set of small apertures in a 127 mm long aluminum block. Thermal measurements of the block together with neutron measurements near the beam-target interaction point yielded a consistent understanding of the beam losses. These were determined to be 3 ppm through a 2 mm diameter aperture and were maintained during a 7 h continuous run., United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics

Published
2014

10. Transmission of High-Power Electron Beams Through Small Apertures

Author

L. Ou, William Bertozzi, R. Cowan, Pavel Evtushenko, A. Kelleher, S. Balascuta, C. Tschalär, George R. Neil, Ricardo Alarcon, Ross Milner, Robert Legg, Chris Tennant, E. Ihloff, N. Kalantarians, P. H. Fisher, James Boyce, Shukui Zhang, B. Schmookler, David Douglas, Gustavious P. Williams, S.V. Benson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Tschalar, Christoph, Bertozzi, William, Cowan, Ray Franklin, Fisher, Peter H., Ihloff, Ernest E., Kelleher, Aidan, Milner, Richard G., Ou, Longwu, and Schmookler, Barak Abraham

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Beam diameter, business.industry, Aperture, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Linear particle accelerator, Optics, Transmission (telecommunications), Cathode ray, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Laser beam quality, business, Instrumentation, Beam divergence
Abstract

Tests were performed to pass a 100 MeV, 430 kWatt c.w. electron beam from the energy-recovery linac at the Jefferson Laboratory's FEL facility through a set of small apertures in a 127 mm long aluminum block. Beam transmission losses of 3 p.p.m. through a 2 mm diameter aperture were maintained during a 7 h continuous run., United States. Dept. of Energy (Contract DE-AC05-060R23177), United States. Dept. of Energy (MIT Nuclear Contract DE-FG02-94ER40818), Commonwealth of Virginia

Published
2013

11. Measured Radiation and Background Levels During Transmission of Megawatt Electron Beams Through Millimeter Apertures

Author

George R. Neil, L. Ou, E. Ihloff, Shukui Zhang, R. Cowan, Gustavious P. Williams, Pavel Evtushenko, W. J. Kossler, C. Tschalär, James Boyce, William Bertozzi, P. H. Fisher, N. Kalantarians, S. Balascuta, B. Schmookler, S.V. Benson, E. Long, A. Kelleher, Ricardo Alarcon, Ross Milner, Chris Tennant, Robert Legg, David Douglas, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Bertozzi, William, Cowan, Ray Franklin, Fisher, Peter H., Ihloff, Ernest E., Kelleher, Aidan, Milner, Richard G., Ou, Longwu, Schmookler, Barak Abraham, and Tschalar, Christoph

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Aperture, business.industry, FOS: Physical sciences, Radiation, Neutron radiation, Laser, Linear particle accelerator, law.invention, Optics, law, Cathode ray, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, business, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract

We report measurements of photon and neutron radiation levels observed while transmitting a 0.43 MW electron beam through millimeter-sized apertures and during beam-off, but accelerating gradient RF-on, operation. These measurements were conducted at the Free-Electron Laser (FEL) facility of the Jefferson National Accelerator Laboratory (JLab) using a 100 MeV electron beam from an energy-recovery linear accelerator. The beam was directed successively through 6 mm, 4 mm, and 2 mm diameter apertures of length 127 mm in aluminum at a maximum current of 4.3 mA (430 kW beam power). This study was conducted to characterize radiation levels for experiments that need to operate in this environment, such as the proposed DarkLight Experiment. We find that sustained transmission of a 430 kW continuous-wave (CW) beam through a 2 mm aperture is feasible with manageable beam-related backgrounds. We also find that during beam-off, RF-on operation, multipactoring inside the niobium cavities of the accelerator cryomodules is the primary source of ambient radiation when the machine is tuned for 130 MeV operation., 9 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A

Published
2013

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