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We report in this work the overall design of a software application for calculating the indoor temperature in a room of a building constructed from local materials in Cameroon based on heat transfer modes. This software is intended to be simplified and at a lower cost for the user. We dubbed it LOBATIN/HTSLM 1.0 for the first release. We describe the physical modeling background based on the stationary aspect of the transfer of heat flow via conduction, convection and radiation from the outside to the inside of the supposedly uninhabited building. We present how we manage Cameroon's meteorological data to implement them in LOBATIN/HTSLM 1.0 and we compare our results with pre-existing software such as EnergyPlus. The curves obtained for hourly indoor temperatures for the chosen days in the five climatic zones defined for the software, all show a realistic bell-shaped evolution, thus prefiguring a digital decision support tool for such admitted infrastructures to be made of materials from the Local Materials Promotion Authority of Cameroon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We report in this work the overall design of a software application for calculating the indoor temperature in a room of a building constructed from local materials in Cameroon based on heat transfer modes. This software is intended to be simplified and at a lower cost for the user. We dubbed it LOBATIN/HTSLM 1.0 for the first release. We describe the physical modeling background based on the stationary aspect of the transfer of heat flow via conduction, convection and radiation from the outside to the inside of the supposedly uninhabited building. We present how we manage Cameroon’s meteorological data to implement them in LOBATIN/HTSLM 1.0 and we compare our results with pre-existing software such as EnergyPlus. The curves obtained for hourly indoor temperatures for the chosen days in the five climatic zones defined for the software, all show a realistic bell-shaped evolution, thus prefiguring a digital decision support tool for such admitted infrastructures to be made of materials from the Local Materials Promotion Authority of Cameroon.

The purpose of the article is to analyze outdoor temperature data from Ukraine's climatic databases and Meteonorm, using historical, current, and forecast data to assess the potential for utilizing renewable energy sources. The methodology includes the application of synthesis and analysis methods for climatic data. Findings an analysis of outdoor temperatures as climatic data that have the greatest impact on building energy efficiency and comfort provision. Special attention is paid to the analysis of extreme weather conditions, such as heatwaves, tropical nights, frost days, and cold days. The article compares regulatory and climatic data for historical and current periods, as well as future scenarios of outdoor temperature changes influenced by anthropogenic factors. It has been established that with each subsequent RCP scenario (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5), there will be a faster increase in the average annual outdoor temperature. By 2100, outdoor temperatures in Kyiv are expected to rise by 1.2°C, 3.1°C, and 5.8°C, respectively, under RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5 scenarios. In Odesa, the temperature increase by 2100 will amount to 1.1°C under RCP 2.6, 2.9°C under RCP 4.5, and 5.3°C under RCP 8.5. The results also indicate an increase in the number of heatwaves and tropical nights, alongside a reduction in the number of frost and cold days. Originality is the justification of the use of international climatic databases for the design of building energy supply systems using renewable energy sources in the context of climate change and the current regulatory climatology of Ukraine. The practical value of the research results allows us to assess the differences in the climate of different regions of Ukraine, their changes in the context of historical, current and future climate changes. Also, the article analyzes extreme weather data, which is relevant in the context of the design of engineering systems and building sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Harran Journal of Agricultural & Food Science is the property of Harran University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates how body core temperature varies during the cycling segment of a triathlon under different outdoor temperatures. Because high external temperatures can mimic some effects of altitude training, we examined the impact of varying external temperatures on body core temperature, heart rate levels, blood lactate values, and perceived exertion. The research involved Slovak triathletes, aged 23(±2) years, who regularly compete in European Cup races. Probands completed 2 rides at the anaerobic lactate threshold level in two different outdoor temperatures, namely 18 °C and 30 °C on bicycle trainers. We assumed significant changes in all monitored parameters at a higher outdoor temperature and we assumed a significant relationship between the outdoor temperature and the monitored parameters. We found a significantly higher level of heart rate during riding at a higher temperature (p < 0.01**). We measured the subjective level of load using the Borg scale, and we also found a significantly higher level (p < 0.05*). The relationship between body core temperature and the subjective feeling of load came out at the level of r =0.8056; r2= 0,6489; p < 0.01** when riding in low temperature and r =0.6998; r2= 0,4897; p<0.05* when riding in high outside temperature. The relationship between core body temperature and blood lactate level was r=0.695; r2 = 0,4830; p < 0.05* when riding in low temperature and r =0.7356; r2=0,5411; p<0.05* when riding in high temperature. In view of these findings, we recommend that when training in high temperatures, you monitor the parameters during the training in detail and pay attention to the exact execution of the training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data obtained from a heating and cooling system comprised of a fan coil unit integrated air source heat pump used in Istanbul, Turkey, as well as data on outdoor conditions, was analyzed in this study. The analysis was carried out with the help of the moderated mediation model, which is included as a process analysis in the "Statistical Package for the Social Sciences" application. In this study, a mathematical model of the moderated mediation model was created and the efficiency coefficients of the parameters effecting performance were calculated. It was discovered that the effect of medium and high relative humidity values on the outdoor temperature was about 4.81%. The heat pump fails to transmit heat to the environment outside as a result of medium and high relative humidity values increasing the outdoor temperature. As a result of this it has been found that relative humidity values have a negative effect on the water temperature entering the fan coil unit by approximately -1.18%. This result of the study shows that the outlet water temperature of the fan coil unit does not adequately cool the rooms in the summer. It has been discovered that while wind velocity negatively affects performance affecting parameters, low relative humidity values have no effect on them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to make full use of geographical advantage to improve the indoor thermal environment of passive buildings in plateau area has become a hot topic, which is of great significance for building energy conservation and thermal engineering design of passive buildings. This study took a residential house in Lhasa, Tibetas as the research object, obtained indoor air temperature distribution through field measurement. A multiple regression model was used to explore the influence of outdoor meteorological factors on indoor thermal environment. Results showed that the temperature near the south window was the highest mostly higher than 16 °C, and the vertical temperature gradient was higher than 7.5 °C with the solar radiation and outdoor temperature gradually raised during daytime. Besides, the vertical temperature difference is less than 3 °C as the distance from the south window increases, and the air temperature gradually goes down. The standardized regression coefficient (Beta) illustrated that solar radiation has the greatest influence on the indoor thermal environment compared with the outdoor temperature. Therefore, for direct gain passive buildings in Tibetan areas, the potential of reasonably setting transparent heat generation structures to improve the indoor thermal environment is far greater than that of improving the thermal insulation of non-transparent enclosures.

Copyright of Journal of Polytechnic is the property of Journal of Polytechnic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The summer-dominated Mediterranean island of Cyprus is often considered in the contexts of beach tourism, sunny weather, and different types of business economic activities and services. In terms of its climatic conditions, extreme heat and mild winters characterise the island; yet, recent evidence has shown that winter poses a significant threat to public health. Its excess winter mortality is amongst the highest in Europe and there is an increased risk of energy-poverty-related mortality compared to total mortality. This study is an extension of previous research, with the objective of further scrutinizing the shift observed between urban and rural energy poverty mortality in the time of a severe nationwide financial crisis. Mortality and temperature data for the period of 2008–2018, as well as macroeconomic indicators, were investigated through a linear regression analysis. The results indicated that the declining economic situation of the island severely hit rural areas, with a significant increase in energy-poverty-related mortality, while urban areas were more resilient to this. There are three existing challenges linked to energy poverty: low incomes, high energy prices, and poor building energy efficiency. In Cyprus, all three coincide and are aggravated in times of crisis, creating conditions of extreme vulnerability for populations already in a disadvantaged position. This study's motivation was to highlight the intense vulnerability associated with crises in Cyprus, and its outcomes call for higher levels of support at such times, especially when it comes to rural populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People spend most of their time indoors. However, indoor temperature and individual thermal exposure are generally not considered in epidemiological studies of temperature and health. Based on the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) RP-884 Database, the ASHRAE Global Thermal Comfort Database II and the Chinese Thermal Comfort Database, this study first explored the relationship between outdoor temperature, indoor temperature and thermal sensation from a global perspective. Moreover, the potential influence of spatiotemporal heterogeneity on health studies was explored. A breakpoint was found at approximately 11.5 °C in the segmented regression of indoor and outdoor temperature, and the slope of the curve was greater when outdoor temperature was above the breakpoint (n = 67,896). Based on multi-group propensity score matching (PSM) and generalized additive models (GAM), spatiotemporal heterogeneity was found in the relationship between indoor and outdoor temperatures after adjusting for building type and year. Furthermore, the relationship between indoor temperature and thermal sensation was influenced by the outdoor temperature. This study highlights the importance of considering indoor temperature or individual thermal exposure in temperature-related health studies.

In the past few decades, research on the association between indoor temperature and sleep has primarily used laboratory rather than field data collected in epidemiological cohorts. Secondary data on 2493 individuals aged 43 years was obtained from the National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD). Logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between temperatures (indoor at home, spot measurement when the nurses visited during the day; and outdoor, monthly average) and self-reported sleep disturbances, adjusting for socio-demographics, health variables, housing variables, and temperature-related variables. Associations were found between daytime indoor temperature with difficulty initiating (OR: 0.95, 95%CI: 0.91–0.98) and maintaining sleep (OR: 0.96, 95%CI: 0.93–0.99). Compared with neutral indoor temperatures (17–28 °C), low indoor temperature (≤17 °C) was associated with difficulty initiating sleep (OR: 1.79, 95%CI: 1.21–2.65). Stratified analysis results across tertiles showed that associations with difficulty initiating (OR: 0.87, 95%CI: 0.77–0.99) and maintaining sleep (OR: 0.88, 95%CI: 0.79–0.98) were observed respectively in the lowest (≤20 °C) and highest tertile (≥23 °C) of indoor temperature. There was no association between outdoor temperature and self-reported sleep disturbances in this study. In this first UK-based epidemiology study investigating temperature and sleep, self-reported sleep disturbances were associated with residential daytime indoor temperatures. Low indoor temperature had significantly higher odds ratio for difficulty initiating sleep compared with the neutral indoor temperature. A warmer indoor environment might be more suitable for sleep maintenance than sleep initiation. Indoor temperature in this study was a superior indicator of sleep disturbances than outdoor temperature. Although these findings are based on a UK sample, they may be relevant to other high-income settings with similar housing stock and climatic conditions. • Daytime residential indoor temperature was associated with self-reported sleep disturbances in UK adults in real-life context. • Low indoor temperatures resulted in higher odds of difficulty initiating sleep, compared with neutral indoor temperatures. • Difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep were associated with the lowest and highest tertile of room temperature respectively. • Indoor daytime temperature was a superior indicator of sleep disturbances than monthly outdoor temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: A seasonal variation in hyponatremia, with higher incidence rates during hot summer days, has been demonstrated. Whether this applies to cool temperate regions is currently unknown. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of ambient temperature on hyponatremia in the Swedish population under current and future climate scenarios. Methods: This nationwide cohort study identified all patients hospitalized with a first-ever principal diagnosis of hyponatremia between October 2005 and December 2014. Incidence rates for hyponatremia were calculated as number of hospitalizations divided by person-days at risk in the adult Swedish population at a given temperature, in increments of 1 °C. Results: The incidence of hyponatremia was stable at 0.3 per million person-days from -10 to 10 °C, but increased rapidly at 24-hour mean temperatures above 15 °C, with 2.26 hospitalizations per million days at the highest recorded temperature of 25 °C. Women and elderly carried the greatest risk, with an incidence of 35 hospitalizations per million days in individuals ≥ 80 years of age on the hottest days, corresponding to a 15-fold increase in incidence compared with cool days. A future 1 or 2 °C increase in mean temperature is expected to increase the incidence of hyponatremia by 6.3% and 13.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The risk of hospitalization due to hyponatremia increases rapidly at temperatures above 15 °C, indicating a threshold effect. Over the next decades, rising global temperatures are expected to increase the inpatient burden of hyponatremia by approximately 10%. Strategies for protecting vulnerable groups are necessary to reduce this risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantitative information on indoor temperature is important for understanding the impacts of temperature on building energy consumption, human health and comfort, however, such information is scarce. Additionally, extraction of useful information from existing indoor temperature data is hindered by varying study designs. The study aims to: simultaneously monitor indoor and outdoor temperature of selected houses and to develop a model describing their relationship; and analyse the strengths and limitations of the model towards understanding the association between indoor and outdoor temperature. Temperature sensors were installed in 15 houses in Brisbane, Australia, to monitor at intervals of 30 min over the winter of 2016. The linear mixed-effects model which we developed performed well and predicted that on average, 1°C increase in outdoor temperature resulted in an increase of 0.4°C ± 0.05°C in indoor temperature. While the sample size of the study is relatively small, our model is expected to perform with any sample sizes particularly with large sample. Application of our indoor/outdoor temperature modelling will facilitate understanding the influence of temperature on energy consumption in households and human health. Such information is imperative towards future comfortable and low energy homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the indoor and outdoor particulate matters in residential areas, and to evaluate the effects of building characteristics and climatic conditions on indoor particle concentrations. The concentration of particles was measured simultaneously indoor and outdoor air during four seasons. Information on climatic conditions and building characteristics was collected through questionnaires during the sampling period. Linear regression models were adopted for determining the relationship between the dependent variable of I/O ratio and environmental factors. The I/O ratios of PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM7, and PM10 were 0.67, 0.64, 0.61, 0.55, and 0.52, respectively. Moreover, the concentration of PM in the indoor air of the buildings were considerably lower than those of the outdoors (p<0.05). The results also suggest the ventilation mode and outside temperature had the most important role in the entrance of particles into the indoor environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat exposure of a population is often estimated by applying temperatures from outdoor monitoring stations. However, this can lead to exposure misclassification if residents do not live close to the monitoring station and temperature varies over small spatial scales due to land use/built environment variability, or if residents generally spend more time indoors than outdoors. Here, we compare summertime temperatures measured inside 145 homes in low-income households in Baltimore city with temperatures from the National Weather Service weather station in Baltimore. There is a large variation in indoor temperatures, with daily-mean indoor temperatures varying from 10 °C lower to 10 °C higher than outdoor temperatures. Furthermore, there is only a weak association between the indoor and outdoor temperatures across all houses, indicating that the outdoor temperature is not a good predictor of the indoor temperature for the residences sampled. It is shown that much of the variation is due to differences in the availability of air conditioning (AC). Houses with central AC are generally cooler than outdoors (median difference of − 3.4 °C) while those with no AC are generally warmer (median difference of 1.4 °C). For the collection of houses with central or room AC, there is essentially no relationship between indoor and outdoor temperatures, but for the subset of houses with no AC, there is a weak relationship (correlation coefficient of 0.36). The results presented here suggest future epidemiological studies of indoor exposure to heat would benefit from information on the availability of AC within the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between outdoor temperature and blood pressure (BP) has been inconclusive. We analyzed data from a prospective cohort study in northwestern China to investigate the effect of outdoor temperature on BP and effect modification by season. A total of 32,710 individuals who participated in both the baseline survey and the first follow-up in 2011–2015 were included in the study. A linear mixed-effect model and generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) were applied to estimate the association between outdoor temperature and BP after adjusting for confounding variables. The mean differences in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between summer and winter were 3.5 mmHg and 2.75 mmHg, respectively. After adjusting for individual characteristics, meteorological factors and air pollutants, a significant increase in SBP and DBP was observed for lag 06 day and lag 04 day, a 0.28 mmHg (95% CI : 0.27–0.30) per 1 °C decrease in average temperature for SBP and a 0.16 mmHg (95% CI : 0.15–0.17) per 1 °C decrease in average temperature for DBP, respectively. The effects of the average temperature on both SBP and DBP were stronger in summer than in other seasons. The effects of the average temperature on BP were also greater if individuals were older, male, overweight or obese, a smoker or drinker, or had cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), hypertension, and diabetes. This study demonstrated a significant negative association between outdoor temperature and BP in a high-altitude environment of northwest China. Moreover, BP showed a significant seasonal variation. The association between BP and temperature differed by season and individuals' demographic characteristics (age, gender, BMI), unhealthy behaviors (smoking and alcohol consumption), and chronic disease status (CVDs, hypertension, and diabetes). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is substantial epidemiological evidence on the associations between cold weather and adverse health effects. Meteorological alarm systems are being developed globally, and generalized protective advice is given to the public based on outdoor exposure parameters. It is not clear how these shared outdoor exposure parameters relate to the individual-level thermal exposure indoors, where the majority of time is spent. We hypothesized a priori that there are opposite correlations between indoor and outdoor temperatures in residential apartments. Apartments were classified into 3 categories according to their response to declining outdoor temperature: under-controlled apartments cool down, controlled apartments maintain constant indoor temperature level, and over-controlled apartments warm up. Outdoor and indoor temperatures were measured in 30-min intervals in 417 residential apartments in 14 buildings in Kotka, Finland, between February and April 2018 with outdoor temperatures ranging from − 20.4 °C to + 14.0 °C. Different apartment types were present in all buildings. Floor and orientation did not explain the divergence. Indoor temperatures below the limit value + 20 °C by building code occurred in 26.2%, 7.9%, and 23.6% of the under-controlled, controlled, and over-controlled apartments, some in conjunction with increasing outdoor temperatures. Indoor temperatures above the limit + 25 °C occurred but were more rare. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that while the home environment may be a source of thermal stress during cold weather, generalized advice for adjusting the heating may lead to paradoxical exposures in some cases. More elaborate conceptualizations of everyday thermal exposures are needed to safely reduce weather-related health risks using shared meteorological alarm systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Outdoor temperature and bright sunlight may directly and/or indirectly modulate systemic metabolism. We assessed the associations between outdoor temperature and bright sunlight duration with metabolomics.Methods and Results: Cross-sectional analyses were undertaken in non-diabetic individuals from the Oxford BioBank (OBB; N = 6368; mean age 47.0 years, males 44%) and the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO; N = 5916; mean age 55.6 years, males 43%) study. Data on mean outdoor bright sunlight and temperature were collected from local weather stations in the week prior to blood sampling. Fasting serum levels of 148 metabolites, including 14 lipoprotein subclasses, were measured using NMR spectroscopy. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between mean outdoor temperature and bright sunlight duration with metabolomics adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, season and either outdoor temperature or bright sunlight. A higher mean outdoor temperature was associated with increased serum concentrations of lipoprotein (sub)particles (β (SE) = 0.064 (0.018) SD per 5 °C, p = 5.03e-4) and certain amino acids such as phenylalanine (0.066 (0.016) SD, p = 6.44e-05) and leucine (0.111 (0.018) SD, p = 1.25e-09). In contrast, longer duration of bright sunlight was specifically associated with lower concentrations of very low-density lipoprotein (sub)particles (e.g., VLDL cholesterol (-0.024 (0.005) SD per 1-h bright sunlight, p = 8.06e-6)). The direction of effects was generally consistent between the OBB and NEO, although effect sizes were generally larger in the OBB.Conclusions: Increased bright sunlight duration is associated with an improved metabolic profile whilst higher outdoor temperature may adversely impact cardiometabolic health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outdoor temperature is one of the most important parameters affecting the calculation of energy requirements of buildings. Determination of the thermal insulation details and heating energy requirement of the buildings in Turkey, where energy consumption is dominated by space heating, is made according to TS 825 "Thermal Insulation Rules in Buildings" standard. In TS 825, the provinces are clustered in degree-day regions (DDR) according to their climatic conditions. The main climatic parameter that separates these DDRs from each other is the outdoor temperature. In this study, it is aimed to discuss the effect of outdoor temperature on the building heating energy requirement and validity of the DDRs in the standard according to outdoor temperature data. In this context, the heating energy requirement of the case building is calculated according to different outdoor temperature data of the provinces and the outdoor temperature data of the DDRs in the current and recommended version of the standard. The effectiveness of the DDRs and the updates in the standard are examined by comparing them separately for 81 provinces. The results show that in some DDR clusters, Qyear values of the provinces from different DGBs are very close to each other; even, comparative Qyear values of some of them contradict with their DDR. This situation suggests that the DDR approach should be re-examined. Besides, the new DDRs in the recommended version of the standard is rather compatible with the comparative results. In addition, the selection of the heating threshold temperature has been shown to have a limited effect on the calculations, while the up-to-dateness of the outdoor temperature data to be used in the analyses has been shown to significantly affect the heating energy calculation of the building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the complex dependence between peak district heating demand and outdoor temperature. Our aim is to provide the probability law of heat demand given extreme weather conditions, and derive useful implications for the management and production of thermal energy. We propose a copula-based approach and consider the case of the city of Bozen-Bolzano. The analysed data concern daily maxima heat demand observed from January 2014 to November 2017 and the corresponding outdoor temperature. We model the univariate marginal behaviour of the time series of heat demand and temperature with autoregressive integrated moving average models. Next, we investigate the dependence between the residuals' time series through several copula models. The selected copula exhibits heavy-tailed and symmetric dependence. When taking into account the conditional behaviour of heat demand given extreme climatic events, the latter strongly affects the former, and we find a high probability of thermal energy demand reaching its peak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have been conducted to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the effect of temperature on cardiovascular disease at population level, especially among Chinese population. A total of 56,039 participants were recruited from Kailuan cohort study, China. The lipoprotein profile indicators, including triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein, were collected. Non-linear associations between temperature and the lipoprotein profile indicators were examined using a nonlinear function for temperature. Stratified analyses were performed in groups by individual characteristics (age, gender, and body mass index) and individual behaviors (physical activities and smoking habits). Generally, a non-linear relationship was found between cholesterol levels and temperature. A 1 °C decrease in temperature below the threshold was related with 0.004 mmol/L (95% CI 0.0004, 0.008), 0.022 mmol/L (95% CI 0.020, 0.025), and 0.009 mmol/L (95% CI 0.008, 0.011) increase in TG, LDL, and HDL, respectively; a 1 °C increase in temperature above the threshold was associated with 0.005 mmol/L (95% CI 0.003, 0.007), 0.012 mmol/L (95% CI 0.009, 0.015), and 0.002 mmol/L (95% CI 0.001, 0.004) increase in TG, LDL, and HDL, respectively. Stratified analyses showed that effect estimates on TG and LDL were larger among females, subjects with higher BMI, and those with smoking habits, while effect estimates on HDL were smaller among these subjects (expect for female). Our results suggest both cold and hot effect of temperature on cholesterol. Furthermore, females, and people with higher BMI or smoking habit may be more susceptible to outdoor temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Environmental pollution can be one of the main risk factors for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aim: To study the relationship between air pollution, outdoor temperature and exacerbations of COPD. Materials and methods: COPD patients (n=1432) were followed up for one year. The levels of particulate matter up to 10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and outside temperatures were collected from the Environmental Agency database. Results: A total of 309 acute COPD exacerbations (AECOPD) were recorded in the analysis. The daily mean concentrations of PM10 were found to correlate significantly with the daily mean concentrations of NO2 and SO2 (ρ 0.34 and ρ 0.49, respectively; p=0.0001). The negative correlations between the daily mean temperature and the daily mean levels of PM10, NO2 and SO2 were also significant (ρ -0.44, ρ -0.11, and ρ -0.37, respectively; p=0.0001). The daily number of AECOPD correlated with the mean levels of PM10 in the previous six days (ρ 0.14; p=0.02) and the lower outdoor temperature (ρ -0.2; p=0.001). The negative correlation between the daily number of AECOPD and the mean daily temperature was stronger in days with levels of PM10 above 50 μg/m3 (ρ -0.3 p=0.02 vs. ρ -0.18 p= 0.01). Conclusion: Lower daily mean temperatures were associated with the levels of air pollutants. The level of PM10 correlated with the levels of the other air pollutants. The daily number of AECOPD was found to correlate weakly, but signifi cantly with the mean level of PM10 in the previous six days.

In this study, optimum insulation thickness of the building external walls for Adana city which is one of the hottest cities of Turkey is determined based on heating and cooling loads. Firstly, heating and cooling degree-day values are calculated by taking into consideration the outdoor temperatures and solar radiation intensity of Adana city. Then, the optimum insulation thicknesses are determined according to a cost analysis that included the energy consumption cost over the 10 years of the building for two different insulation materials. As result, it is seen that the heating and cooling degree day values are obtained as 753°C.day and 410 °C.day by considering both outdoor temperature and solar radiation while they are obtained as 838 °C.day and 315 °C.day by considering only outdoor temperature. Furthermore, it is seen that optimum insulation thicknesses with the effect of solar radiation are obtained to be 8.0 and 4.8 cm for EPS and XPS insulation materials, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The study aimed to identify diurnal indoor temperature patterns and quantify the impact of outdoor on indoor temperature as well as of other modifying factors. Indoor and outdoor temperatures of 77 houses in Brisbane, Australia were monitored with temperature sensors for one year (May 2017–2018). A linear mixed effect model predicted that on average, a 1°C increase in outdoor temperature resulted in a 0.41°C increase in indoor temperature during both the cool and warm seasons. The age of the house, building material, roof material and insulation had a moderate influence on indoor temperature. Queenslander houses (a stand-alone timber structure mounted on stumps with an extensive veranda) were, in general, cooler (0.5°C cooler in winter) and reactive (meaning, having a strong association with the outdoor temperature), while slab-on-ground houses were, in general, warmer (0.3°C) and stable (meaning, having less association with the outdoor temperature). From the indoor temperature patterns identified for the heated and cooled houses it was concluded that in this climate, heating and cooling is seldom done for 24 h. This quantitative information is crucial for understanding the influence of temperature on human health and household energy consumption at the time when climate change mitigation approaches are being discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greenhouses are agricultural structures which allow indoor conditions to be controlled. Food demand is increasing as the population increases. Therefore, creating new areas for food production and making perpetual agricultural production without interruption is a key-stone necessity to meet demands. Increasing the crop production could only be possible with constant cultivation period. Greenhouses are the capital ships of feeding the population and fighting poverty. Due to the climate changes and increasing population, greenhouses will gain more and more significance in the years to come. However, greenhouses will cause harms instead of benefits if they are applied in wrong climatic conditions. In this study, in a greenhouse having floor area of 11220 m2, indoor and outdoor temperatures are quantified for two years, after modelling and simulating the energy efficiency, indoor temperature values are estimated by artificial neural networks. This study shows that artificial neural networks could accurately estimate the indoor temperature of greenhouses and relative humidity 6 hours in advance, and the temperature could be estimated 3 days in advance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although several studies have demonstrated a short-term association between outdoor temperature and blood pressure (BP) among various adult groups, evidence among children and adolescents is lacking. One hundred ninety-four thousand one hundred four participants from 2016 Health Promotion Program for Children and Adolescents (HPPCA) were analyzed through generalized linear mixed-effects models to estimate the short-term effects of two outdoor temperature variables (average and minimum temperature) on participants' BP. Decreasing outdoor temperature was associated with significant increases in systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and prevalence of hypertension during lag 0 through lag 6. Additionally, daily minimum temperature showed a more apparent association with participants' BP. The estimated increases (95% confidence interval) in SBP and DBP at lag 0 were 0.82 (0.72, 0.92) mmHg and 2.28 (2.20, 2.35) mmHg for a 1 °C decrease in daily minimum temperature, while those values were 0.11 (0.10, 0.12) mmHg and 0.25 (0.24, 0.26) mmHg for a 1 °C decrease in daily average temperature, respectively. The effects of temperature on BP were stronger among female, as well as those with young age and low body mass index. It demonstrated that short-term decreases in outdoor temperature were significantly associated with rises in BP among children and adolescents. This founding has some implications for clinical management and research of BP. Meanwhile, public health intervention should be designed to reduce the exposure to cold temperature for protecting children and adolescents' BP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes problems and peculiarities of aircraft Cold Weather operation in Siberia’s Northern areas, highlighting the difficulties to maintain the aircraft Avionics system functionality, providing the required level of safety and reliability at very low temperatures environment.

Objective: Energy expenditure (EE) increases in response to cold exposure, which is called cold induced thermogenesis (CIT). Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been shown to contribute significantly to CIT in human adults. BAT activity and CIT are acutely influenced by ambient temperature. In the present study, we investigated the long-term effect of seasonal temperature variation on human CIT.Materials and Methods: We measured CIT in 56 healthy volunteers by indirect calorimetry. CIT was determined as difference between EE during warm conditions (EEwarm) and after a defined cold stimulus (EEcold). We recorded skin temperatures at eleven anatomically predefined locations, including the supraclavicular region, which is adjacent to the main human BAT depot. We analyzed the relation of EE, CIT and skin temperatures to the daily minimum, maximum and mean outdoor temperature averaged over 7 or 30 days, respectively, prior to the corresponding study visit by linear regression.Results: We observed a significant inverse correlation between outdoor temperatures and EEcold and CIT, respectively, while EEwarm was not influenced. The daily maximum temperature averaged over 7 days correlated best with EEcold (R2 = 0.123, p = 0.008) and CIT (R2 = 0.200, p = 0.0005). The mean skin temperatures before and after cold exposure were not related to outdoor temperatures. However, the difference between supraclavicular and parasternal skin temperature after cold exposure was inversely related to the average maximum temperature during the preceding 7 days (R2 = 0.07575, p = 0.0221).Conclusion: CIT is significantly related to outdoor temperatures indicating dynamic adaption of thermogenesis and BAT activity to environmental stimuli in adult humans.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT02682706.

The non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder (N24SWD) is a rare condition, sometimes associated with blindness or with suprachiasmatic nuclei lesions, resulting in a free-running rhythm or hypernycthemeral syndrome. Synchronizers, such as light, when light perception remains, melatonin, food intakes, physical activity, social interactions, and temperature, play a key role in the treatment of N24SWD. In this report, we describe a case illustrating the impact of outdoor temperature in a 34-year-old man with N24SWD effectively treated through a combination of chronotherapy interventions. During 3 consecutive heat waves, he experienced a recurrence of his natural 25.5-hour free-running rhythm, with a consistent bedtime phase delay caused by temperature, resulting in the discontinuation of chronotherapy. After these heat waves, he was able again to resynchronize his rhythms with the combination of chronotherapeutics. This case report highlights that patients with N24SWD may be particularly at risk of relapse during heat waves, with direct implications for monitoring and reinforcing chronotherapies., Citation: Garrivet J, d'Ortho M-P, Frija-Masson J, et al. "Too much heat for my non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder!" A case report. J Clin Sleep Med . 2024;20(2):329-333., (© 2024 American Academy of Sleep Medicine.)