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With the popularity of the concept of big health and the important role of wearable devices in medical health, users pay more attention to the collection and acquisition of physiological data, but wearable devices attached to human users are independent, and the degree of data sharing is low. Improving the data sharing, accuracy, and reliability of wearable device monitoring is a problem that the article needs to study and solve. Specifically, the researcher summarizes the characteristics of the physiological monitoring smart clothing, and the basic physiological data parameters of human body, and analyzes the collection of three basic signals of electrocardiogram, body temperature, and human movement. This article summarizes the requirements and key technologies of body area network transmission of smart clothing, and studies the body area network node design, energy consumption optimization mode, and network architecture of physiological monitoring smart clothing. At the same time, based on the previous research, the multi-interaction process of smart clothing is formed, and then the standard evaluation system of smart clothing body domain network for evaluation is proposed. The results show that the optimized structure of the body area network of smart clothing proposed by the researchers is efficient, convenient, and mobile, and meets the characteristics of safety, reliability, low power consumption, and portability of smart clothing, especially in the field of physiological monitoring. The standard evaluation system of smart clothing body area network provides a practice-oriented theoretical reference for the current research of smart clothing body area network.

Organic thermoelectric (TE) materials are regarded as the next‐generation TE materials because of their merits including low cost, high mechanical flexibility, and low intrinsic thermal conductivity. However, their Seebeck coefficient is usually quite low. Herein, a new strategy is demonstrated to greatly enhance the Seebeck coefficient of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxy‐thiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), which is the most popular TE polymer, through polaron level splitting via π–π overlapping with nonpolar small aromatic molecules including anthracene, naphthalene, and pyrene. Although these aromatic molecules are neither oxidizing nor reducing agent, they can greatly enhance the Seebeck coefficient of PEDOT:PSS films pre‐treated with dimethyl sulfoxide, acid, or acid then base, while they do not lower the electrical conductivity too much. Through such a treatment with anthracene, the Seebeck coefficient can be up to 45.5 µV K−1, and the ZT value can be up to 0.27. The enhancement is ascribed to the splitting of the lower polaron energy level of PEDOT, which is induced by the π–π overlapping between the aromatic compounds and conjugated PEDOT. This can shift up the Fermi level, thereby enhancing the Seebeck coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic thermoelectric (TE) materials are considered as the next‐generation TE materials owing to their merits including high mechanical flexibility, low cost, abundant elements, and nontoxicity. However, their Seebeck coefficient is lower than that of the inorganic counterparts by around one order of magnitude, and thus they have a lower dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) value. Herein, the significant enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient and thus the overall TE properties of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) that is the most popular TE polymer by adding a zwitterion like rhodamine 101 (R101), N‐dodecyl‐N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐ammonio‐1‐propane‐sulfonate (DDMAP), or 1‐(N,N‐dimethylcarbamoyl)‐4‐(2‐sulfoethyl) pyridinium hydroxide (DMCSP) are reported. In particular, R101 can enhance the Seebeck coefficient of the acid‐then‐base‐treated PEDOT:PSS from 21.2 to 61.6 μV K−1. The PEDOT:PSS/R101 film can exhibit a power factor of 546 μW m−1 K−2 and a ZT of 0.46 that is the highest for pure organic solid films. The enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient is ascribed to the energy filtering induced by the dipole moment of zwitterion and the π–π overlapping between conjugated rhodamine 101 and PEDOT:PSS. To distinguish it from the conventional methods, this method is named as the molecular energy filtering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wearable dry electrode is necessary for the long-term recording of human biopotential signals. However, the present dry electrode does not fit the skin thoroughly at the microscale, especially during body movement and sweat secretion, leading to high interface impedance and poor signal quality. In this work, an aerogel dry electrode with excellent skin compliance was prepared by an interesting foaming process of the blends of conductive PEDOT:PSS, a surfactant, and a cross-linking agent. The resultant aerogels with micron-sized pores and high porosity show a low compressive modulus below 2 kPa and a low density of 10 mg cm−3. Such an ultrasoft aerogel displays impressive shape moldability, enabling self-adaptable compliance with the skin at the microscale. Owing to the good attachment and gas permeability, the dry electrodes prepared with the aerogels show lower skin-contact impedance than the standard silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) gel electrode, as well as relatively insusceptible contact impedance changes to sweat secretion. The aerogel dry electrode can be employed to acquire a high-quality electrocardiogram (ECG) in different scenarios such as body movements and dry/wet skin conditions. The dry electrode shows good promise for application in long-term ECG signal monitoring in daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) materials have emerged as promising metallic conductors and semiconductors in photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, thermoelectrics, photodetectors and strain sensors. PEDOT:PSS serves as flexible transparent electrodes, hole transporting/injection layers, thermoelectric layers, perovskite hybrid components, motion- and temperature sensors and stretchable conductors, and it remains the research frontiers of the modern electronics. This review first introduces the basic principles of the functionalized films and their current research status. It illustrates the approaches to raise the optoelectrical and thermoelectrical properties, work function, stretchability, stability and wettability of the films. Then, the cutting-edge progresses on the aforementioned devices are highlighted. The underlying mechanism of device performance enhancements are illustrated. Besides, striking advantages but plausible issues are also pointed out. Finally, perspectives, challenges and suggestions are put forward to promote a true implementation of the optoelectronics and thermoelectrics. This featured review raises the awareness of the importance of the relationships between PEDOT:PSS properties and device performances. It guides the continued developments of the modern electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of significance to develop high-performance organic/inorganic hybrid thermoelectric (TE) materials for flexible cross-plane TE devices. In this work, we synthesize a flexible and free-standing sandwich-like TE film by depositing Bi2Te3 nanocrystals into a conducting porous PEDOT nanowire scaffold. The mechanically robust Bi2Te3@PEDOT nanowire film exhibits a record Seebeck coefficient of 266.4 μV K−1 with a corresponding power factor of 740.2 μW m−1 K−2 and a zT value of 0.27 at room temperature. Afterwards, we build new types of wearable cross-plane TE generator (TEG) and TE-powered temperature sensor array with a reduced number of electric leads in comparison to traditional designs. The TEG shows a maximum output power density of 3.48 μW cm−2 at a temperature difference of 17.8 K (predicted output power density of 70.6 μW cm−2 at ΔT = 80 K), outperforming most of the organic and organic/inorganic based ones. The conformal TE-powered temperature sensor array exhibits high and stable thermal sensitivity with a resolution of 0.05 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]