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Dette års rapport beskriver status og udvikling i vandkemiske forhold i vandløb, stoftransport af kvælstof og fosfor til kystvandene for perioden før og under NOVANA – og frem til og med 2018. Ligeledes beskrives den tidslige udvikling i Dansk Vandløbs Fauna Indeks (DVFI) på cirka 250 tidsseriestationer for perioden 1994-2018.

Udledningen af kvælstof til overfladevand sker både fra punktkilderog diffuse kilder i et opland, herunder især fra landbrugsarealer. Mulighedenfor at etablere et kvælstofudledningskort på lokal skala(200-1200 ha) i 3 pilotoplande er blevet undersøgt. Kan det gøres?Og med hvilke usikkerheder. Og hvordan kan data anvendes til atundersøge den lokale grundvandsretention af kvælstof?

Etablering af områder langs vandløb, som til tider oversvømmes, er en metode til at tilbageholde vandløbets partikelbundne fosfor og dermed begrænse fosfortilførslen til nedstrømsbeliggende søer. I denne rapport gennemgås de forskellige overvejelser og undersøgelser, som ligger forud for lokalisering og etablering af oversvømmelsesområder.

For temperate region countries with small or moderately sized streams, such as those in Denmark, seasonal weed growth imposes a significant temporal change of the stage-discharge relation. In the past such problems were often avoided by using hydraulic structures, however, firm ecology based restrictions prevent that hydraulic structures are made at the discharge stations presently. As a consequence, the nonlinear drift in weed density and structure adds a significant uncertainty to the hydrograph. Furthermore, the expected increase in extreme discharge situations due to climate changes in the Northern part of Europe may further violate a stable relation between stage and discharge in streams. Extreme high flow situations cause abrupt rise in stage, and consequently weed can be partly uprooted and partly bend down along the bed, thereby changing the conveyance of the stream. In addition, extreme high flow situations can cause the streams to flood the banks. If these hydraulic changes occur in between direct measurements of discharge they are not detected or accounted for in the stage-discharge relation, and the hydrograph can be significantly biased. The objective of this research is to investigate how both seasonal and short duration changes in weed distribution and abrupt changes in stage are recognized in the stream’s velocity gradient. It is examined whether the use of multi-level acoustic Doppler velocimetry can provide an improved method for hydrograph estimation with lower uncertainty than traditional stage-discharge methods. In this presentation we shall present results from a study where, at two sites in Denmark, the stream velocity field has been mapped by the use of three Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meter (ADVM) instruments. The ADVM instruments are mounted in three different depths, continuously measuring horizontal average water velocities. Velocity and stage data are selected from one summer and two winter periods, and a method for converting velocity and stage data to discharge will be presented. The estimated discharges are compared with control measurements of discharge obtained from an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and with discharge values derived by the Danish Water Authority by traditional stage-discharge analysis. The novelty of this approach is that the velocity gradient is implemented as a marker for hydraulic changes in the hydrograph estimation, without explicit use of cross sectional area and cross sectional average velocity. The initial results show good agreement between the ADCP discharge measurements and the discharge values predicted from the stage-velocity method and suggest superiority of the stage-velocity method during abrupt changes in stage

In the majority of Danish streams, weed growth affects the effective stream width and bed roughness thus imposes temporal variations on the stage-discharge relationship. Small stream-gradients and firm ecology based restrictions prevent that hydraulic structures are made at the discharge stations and thus remove or limit such influences. Hence, estimation of the hydrograph is based on continuous stream gauging combined with monthly control measurements of discharge and assuming linear variation of bed roughness between the monthly measurements. As a result, any non-linear drift in weed density or structure which affect the frictional characteristics of the stream during both normal and peak flows are ignored. The present investigation studies if such temporal variation in the conveyance may be detected and eventually compensated for when estimating the hydrograph. Therefore acoustic Dopplers have been placed at the main discharge station in one of the largest Danish catchments (the Skjern). The instruments were set out in early February 2010 during the winter season and have been running since then. The long term average discharge at the station is near 14 m3/s and the cross sectional profile is roughly trapezoidal having width about 15 m, but slightly skew so that the stream is about 0.5 m deeper off the right than off the left bank. During winter, the depths are typically near 2 m while during summer they are about 1.5 m. During peak flows, when the discharge exceeds 35 m3/s, the depth increases to more than 3 m. The Doppler instruments (Nortek) are placed on a vertical pole about 2 m off the right bank at three fixed elevations above the streambed (0.3, 0.6, and 1.3 m); the beams point horizontally towards the left bank perpendicularly to the average flow direction. At each depth, the Doppler sensor records 10 minute average stream velocities in the central 10 m section of the stream. During summer periods with low flow, stream velocity has only been recorded at two depths since the water table drops below the uppermost sensor. A pressure transducer is also placed at the pole where it records the stage. The monthly control measurements made by the water authority office are made with an ADCP-instrument (Streampro, acoustic Doppler current profiler) which is pulled across the stream next to the in situ Doppler instruments. As part of the present project supplementary ADCP-data have been collected for different stage-values. For each stage many-pull traverses (>20) have been combined in order to produce reliable high-density stream velocity profiles across the stream. Currently, the different sets of velocity data are being analyzed in order to investigate how well the discharge may be predicted from the in situ Dopplers. The poster will present the field-set up and the results of the data analysis.