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The Rising Down: Lives in a Sussex Landscape Alexandra Harris Faber, 25 [pounds sterling] ISBN 9780571350520 When faced with writing about the Victorian age, the critic and essayist Lytton Strachey [...]

The houses of artists and writers can be works of art in themselves, bristling with the evidence of their creators' passions. Frederic Leighton's recently reopened studio house is one such, [...]

GARDENING BOHEMIA Bloomsbury women outdoors Garden Museum, London, until September 29 GARDENING BOHEMIA Bloomsbury women outdoors CLAUDIA TOBIN 72pp. Garden Museum. 20 [pounds sterling]. Gardening Bohemia begins outside the museum's [...]

A LOOK AT MY LIFE EILEEN AGAR 320pp. Thames and Hudson. 35 [pounds sterling]. Despite a career that began in the 1920s and continued until the late 1980s, Eileen Agar [...]

Colour Revolution: Victorian Art, Fashion & Design 21 September-18 February 2024 Ashmolean Museum, Oxford Catalogue by Charlotte Ribeyrol, Matthew Winterbottom and Madeline Hewitson (eds.) ISBN 9781910807576 (paperback), 25 [pounds sterling] [...]

In the mid 19th century British landscape art zoomed in on the minutiae. Seeing mountains in rocks and 'little low heavens' in birds' nests, artists from Ruskin to Richard Dadd [...]

BackgroundWe examined the influence of race/ethnicity on appointment attendance, maternal psychiatric and medical diagnoses, and birth outcomes within a diverse, low income, high risk pregnant population to determine whether birth outcome disparities would be lessened in a sample with high biopsychosocial risk across all groups.MethodsData were retrospectively obtained on all women scheduled for appointments in the San Francisco Genera Hospital (SFGH) High-Risk Obstetrics (HROB) clinic during a three-month period. General linear model and logistic regression procedures were used to examine the associations of race/ethnicity with maternal characteristics, clinic attendance, and birth outcomes.ResultsOur sample included 202 maternal-infant pairs (Hispanic 57%, Black 16%, Asian 15%, White 12%). Racial/ethnic differences were seen in language (p < .001), gravidity (p < .001), parity (p = .005), appointment attendance (p < .001), diabetes (p = .005), psychiatric diagnosis (p = .02), illicit drug use (p < .001), smoking (p < .001). These maternal characteristics, including rate of attendance at specialized prenatal appointments, did not predict birth outcomes with the exception of an association between diabetes and earlier gestational age (p = .03). In contrast, Black maternal race/ethnicity was associated with earlier gestational age at birth (p = .004) and lower birth weight (p < .001) compared to Whites.ConclusionsWithin a diverse maternal population of high biopsychosocial risk, racial/ethnic disparities in birth outcomes persist. These disparities have implications for infant health trajectory throughout the lifecourse and for intervention implementation in high risk groups.

ObjectiveTo assess the extent factors other than race/ethnicity explain apparent racial/ethnic disparities in children's oral health and oral health care.MethodsData were from the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health, for children 2-17 years (n=82,020). Outcomes included parental reports of child's oral health status, receiving preventive dental care, and delayed dental care/unmet need. Model-based survey-data-analysis examined racial/ethnic disparities, controlling for child, family, and community/state (contextual) factors.ResultsUnadjusted results show large racial/ethnic oral health disparities. Compared with non-Hispanic White people, Hispanic and non-Hispanic-Black people were markedly more likely to be reported in only fair/poor oral health [odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals) 4.3 (4.0-4.6), 2.2 (2.0-2.4), respectively], lack preventive care [ORs 1.9 (1.8-2.0), 1.4 (1.3-1.5)], and experience delayed care/unmet need [ORs 1.5 (1.3-1.7), 1.4 (1.3-1.5)]. Adjusting for child, family, and community/state factors reduced racial/ethnic disparities. Adjusted ORs (AORs) for Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks attenuated for fair/poor oral health, to 1.6 (1.5-1.8) and 1.2 (1.1-1.4), respectively. Adjustment eliminated disparities for lacking preventive care [AORs 1.0 (0.9-1.1), 1.1 (1.1-1.2)] and in Hispanics for delayed care/unmet need (AOR 1.0). Among non-Hispanic Blacks, adjustment reversed the disparity for delayed care/unmet need [AOR 0.6 (0.6-0.7)].ConclusionsRacial/ethnic disparities in children's oral health status and access were attributable largely to socioeconomic and health insurance factors. Efforts to decrease disparities may be more efficacious if targeted at social, economic, and other factors associated with minority racial/ethnic status and may have positive effects on all who share similar social, economic, and cultural characteristics.

IntroductionDespite the efficacy and tolerability of modern antiretroviral therapy (ART), many patients with advanced AIDS prescribed these regimens do not achieve viral suppression or immune reconstitution as a result of poor adherence, drug resistance, or both. The clinical outcomes of continued ART prescription for such patients have not been well characterized.MethodsWe examined the causes and predictors of all-cause mortality, AIDS-defining conditions, and serious non-AIDS-defining events among a cohort of participants in a clinical trial of pre-emptive therapy for CMV disease. We focused on participants who, despite ART had failed to achieve virologic suppression and substantive immune reconstitution.Results233 ART-receiving participants entered with a median baseline CD4+ T cell count of 30/mm(3) and plasma HIV RNA of 5 log10 copies/mL. During a median 96 weeks of follow-up, 24.0% died (a mortality rate of 10.7/100 patient-years); 27.5% reported a new AIDS-defining condition, and 22.3% a new serious non-AIDS event. Of the deaths, 42.8% were due to an AIDS-defining condition, 44.6% were due to a non-AIDS-defining condition, and 12.5% were of unknown etiology. Decreased risk of mortality was associated with baseline CD4+ T cell count ≥25/mm(3) and lower baseline HIV RNA.ConclusionsAmong patients with advanced AIDS prescribed modern ART who achieve neither virologic suppression nor immune reconstitution, crude mortality percentages appear to be lower than reported in cohorts of patients studied a decade earlier. Also, in contrast to the era before modern ART became available, nearly half of the deaths in our modern-era study were caused by serious non-AIDS-defining events. Even among the most advanced AIDS patients who were not obtaining apparent immunologic and virologic benefit from ART, continued prescription of these medications appears to alter the natural history of AIDS--improving survival and shifting the causes of death from AIDS- to non-AIDS-defining conditions.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Research that has repeatedly documented marked racial/ethnic disparities in US childrens receipt of dental care at single time points or brief periods has lacked a historical policy perspective, which provides insight into how these disparities have evolved over time. Our objective was to examine the im-pact of national health policies on African American and white childrens receipt of dental care from 1964 to 2010. METHODS: We analyzed data on race and dental care utilization for children aged 2 to 17 years from the 1964, 1976, 1989, 1999, and 2010 National Health Interview Survey. Dependent variables were as follows: childs receipt of a dental visit in the previous 12 months and childs history of never having had a dental visit. Primary independent variable was race (African American/white). We calculated sample prevalences, and χ(2) tests compared African American/white prevalences by year. We age-standardized estimates to the 2000 US Census. RESULTS: The percentage of African American and white children in the United States without a dental visit in the previous 12 months declined significantly from 52.4% in 1964 to 21.7% in 2010, whereas the percentage of children who had never had a dental visit declined significantly (P < .01) from 33.6% to 10.6%. Pronounced African American/white disparities in childrens dental utilization rates, whereas large and statistically significant in 1964, attenuated and became nonsignificant by 2010. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate a dramatic narrowing of African American/white disparities in 2 measures of childrens receipt of dental services from 1964 to 2010. Yet, much more needs to be done before persistent racial disparities in childrens oral health status are eliminated.

SUSSEX LANDSCAPE Chalk, wood and water Pallant House, Chichester, until April 23, 2023 Virginia Woolf thought the whale-like bulk of the Sussex downs 'too much for one pair of eyes'. [...]

ENGLISH GARDEN ECCENTRICS Three hundred years of extraordinary groves, burrowings, mountains and menageries TODD LONGSTAFFE-GOWAN 400pp. Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art. 30 [pounds sterling]. GARDENS ARE BY [...]

Late Constable 30 October-13 February 2022 Royal Academy of Arts, London Catalogue by Anne Lyles and Matthew Hargraves ISBN 9781912520725 (hardback), 21.95 [pounds sterling] (Royal Academy of Arts) What do [...]

STARLIGHT WOOD Walking back to the Romantic countryside FIONA SAMPSON 368pp. Corsair. 20 [pounds sterling]. Fiona Sampson found the title of her new book in Percy Bysshe Shelley's poem 'Hymn [...]

THE LIGHTED WINDOW Evening walks remembered PETER DAVIDSON 224pp. Bodleian Library. 29.50 [pounds sterling]. MANY UNDERSTAND the beguiling nature of the lighted room seen from outside; framed, it becomes a [...]

Gustave Moreau: The Fables 16 June-17 October Waddesdon Manor, Buckinghamshire -- Catalogue by Juliet Carey ISBN 9781911300861 (hardback), 35 [pounds sterling] (The Rothschild Foundation, Waddesdon, in association with Paul Holberton [...]

FEARSOME FAIRIES Haunting tales of the Fae ELIZABETH DEARNLEY, EDITOR 336pp. British Library. 14.99 [pounds sterling]. When in 1917 two girls claimed to have photographed fairies at Cottingley Beck in [...]

A SWEET VIEW The making of an English idyll MALCOLM ANDREWS 356pp. Reaktion. 35 [pounds sterling]. Even the most hackneyed views of rural scenery are rooted in some distant innovation. [...]

TURNER'S MODERN WORLD Tate Britain, currently closed but available online and then open until March 7, 2021 TURNER'S MODERN WORLD DAVID BLAYNEY BROWN ET AL 240pp. Tate. 25 [pounds sterling]. [...]

WOMEN, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS OF THE COUNTRYSIDE IN EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY ENGLAND JUDITH W. PAGE AND ELISE L. SMITH 274pp. Cambridge University Press. 75 [pounds sterling] (US $99). 'Show me [...]