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1. Aspects of efficacy, safety and adherence to antihypertensive therapy with single pill combinations of valsartan, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide (Vamloset® and Co-Vamloset) in patients with 2 and 3 grade of arterial hypertension in the Russian clinical study VICTORY II

Author

Irina E. Chazova, Tamila V. Martynyuk, Oleg V. Rodnenkov, Shurat B. Gorieva, Anatolii N. Rogoza, Mikhail V. Arkhipov, Yury I. Grinshtein, Olga D. Ostroumova, Albert S. Galyavich, Oxana P. Rotar’, Larisa A. Khaisheva, and Tatiana R. Kameneva

Subjects
victory ii, russian clinical study, adherence, arterial hypertension, fixed dose combinations, single pill combinations, valsartan, amlodipine, hydrochlorothiazide, vamloset®, co-vamloset, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Aim. To assess the efficacy and safety of Vamloset (amlodipine/valsartan 5/80, 5/160, 10/160 mg) and Co-Vamloset (amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide 10/160/12.5, 10/160/25 mg) in achieving the target levels of blood pressure (BP) in patients with stage 23 arterial hypertension (AH). The article discusses indicators affecting adherence to antihypertensive therapy (AHT). Material and methods. The VICTORY II Russian study in 8 clinical centers of the Russian Federation included 103 patients over 18 years of age with stage 23 essential AH (who havent been previously treated and have office systolic BP160 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP100 mm Hg or who havent reached the target office blood pressure with mono- or double AHT). The Full Analysis Set (FAS) for efficacy analysis included 99 patients, a FAS population with the restoration of data missed using Last Observation Carried Forward. The SF-36 questionnaire for assessing the quality of life, the effect on erectile function in men, the convenience of current therapy from the point of view of patients were analyzed after 16 weeks of treatment. The Per Protocol (PP) population included 80 patients completing the study without major protocol deviations to assess the primary parameters of efficacy. All patients with stage 2 hypertension were prescribed Vamloset (amlodipine/valsartan 5/80 mg), with stage 3 hypertension amlodipine/valsartan 5/160 mg. Dose titration of Vamloset and Co-Vamloset (LLC Krka-RUS) was carried out every 4 weeks according to the AHT schemes. Results. The studys active phase included 100 patients aged 59.510.9 years (women 59%) with AH duration of 83.48.4 months; 83% of patients received AHT prior inclusion in the study. In the PP population, 16 week- AHT with Vamloset or Co-Vamloset allowed reaching the target BP in 90.0% of patients (95% confidence interval [CI] 81.295.6). Overall clinical efficacy was achieved in 98.8% of patients (95% CI 93.2100.0). All treatment regimens were characterized by high patient compliance. In the total group, 50% of patients rated their AHT as more convenient than they had previously used; of them, in the stage 2 AH group 47.8%, in the stage 3 AH group 53.3%. Metabolic neutrality with regard to at least one indicator was observed in 100% of patients, with regard to 6 indicators in 43.9% [33.9; 54.9]. For all 98 patients included in the analysis, changes in all SF-36 scales, except for physical functioning (p=0.339), were statistically significant (p0.05). The effect of AHT on erectile function was rated as positive in 51.3% of men. Good tolerance data are consistent with the established drug safety profile. Conclusion. In the VICTORY II study, high antihypertensive efficacy and an improvement in a set of indicators of optimal adherence to AHT by Vamloset and Co-Vamloset within 16 weeks were proved in patients with stage 23 AH. Patients high rating for quality improvement in the quality of life, safety of therapy and ease of use ensured optimal compliance of Vamloset and Co-Vamloset therapy throughout the study.

Published
2021
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2. Implementation of the organoprotective properties of fixed combinations of valsartan, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide (Vamloset® and Co-Vamloset) in patients with grade 2 and 3 hypertension in the Russian clinical study VICTORY II

Author

Irina E. Chazova, Tamila V. Martynyuk, Oleg V. Rodnenkov, Shurat B. Gorieva, Anatolii N. Rogoza, Mikhail V. Arkhipov, Yury I. Grinshtein, Olga D. Ostroumova, Albert S. Galiavich, Oxana P. Rotar’, Larisa A. Khaisheva, and Tatiana R. Kameneva

Subjects
russian study victory ii, arterial hypertension, organ protection, pulse wave velocity, central arterial pressure, central aortic pressure, nephroprotection, markers of endothelial damage, ¬fixed combinations, valsartan, amlodipine, hydrochlorothiazide, vamloset®, co-vamloset, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Aim.Assessment of Vamloset and Co-Vamloset effects on blood pressure target levels and indicators associated with organ protection: albuminuria; elasticity of arteries and central aortic pressure (CAP); endothelial function; tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin (IL) IL-6 and IL-10, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A). Materials and methods.The Russian multicenter open-label prospective clinical study VICTORY II which was conducted in 8 clinical centers included 103 patients 18 years with grade 23 essential arterial hypertension (AH), who were previously untreated office systolic blood pressure (SBP) 160mmHg and/or office diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 100 mm Hg or have not reached the target office blood pressure with mono- or dual therapy. The active phase of the study included 100 patients; the per-protocol (PP) population 80 patients completing the study without major protocol deviations. Patients were not randomized. The target office BP for patients without diabetes were: SBP139 mm Hg, DBP89 mm Hg; for patients with diabetes: SBP139 mm Hg, DBP84 mm Hg. All patients with grade 2 hypertension (group 1) were administrated Vamloset (amlodipine/valsartan, 5/80mg), with grade 3 hypertension Vamloset (amlodipin/valsartan, 5/160 mg). Up-titration of the dose of amlodipine/valsartan to 5/160 mg and 10/160 mg, the administration of Co-Vamloset (amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide) in doses of 10/160/12.5 mg, 10/160/25 mg (LLC KRKA-RUS) was carried out every 4 weeks according to the prescribed schemes. In the total group, the effect of studied therapy on the level of albumin in the urine was assessed. Before starting treatment and after 16 weeks of treatment, 40 patients in the subgroup with additional examinations underwent daily monitoring of blood pressure, assessment of pulse wave velocity and augmentation index; CAP; levels of tumor necrosis factor-, IL-6 and IL-10, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1and VEGF-A. Results.The active phase of the study included 100 patients aged 59.510.9 years (59% of women) with a duration of AH 83.48.4 months. 83% of patients received prior antihypertensive therapy by the time of enrollment in the study. The treatment duration for all patients was 15.9 weeks. After 16 weeks, therapy with Vamloset and Co-Vamloset provided an optimal decrease in BP: 90% of patients with grade 23 AH in the PP population reached the target level of office BP, the mean change in SBP / DBP was -32.2/-16.0 mm Hg. According to the data of daily monitoring of BP in the subgroup with additional examinations, the target levels of average daily SBP/DBP were reached in 52.9/67.6% of patients, respectively. Along with reliable control of blood pressure, additional organ protection with studied antihypertensive drugs after 16 weeks of therapy was shown by assessment data: albuminuria in 58.8% of patients with an initially elevated level of albuminuria (n=17), a positive effect of the studied therapy on the level of albumin in the urine was determined, augmentation index improvement in 57.1% of patients in the study group, CAP improvement in 73% of patients in the study group; positive dynamics of endothelial damage markers (IL-6, IL-10, VEGF-A) was achieved. The data on the good tolerability of AHT corresponded to the previously established safety profile of these drugs. Conclusion.In the VICTORY II clinical study in patients with grade 23 hypertension, along with high antihypertensive efficacy, a spectrum of organoprotective effects of Vamloset and Co-Vamloset on aortic stiffness with improved augmentation index and CAP, markers of endothelial damage (IL-6, IL-10, VEGF-A), the severity of albuminuria was shown.

Published
2020
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3. Subclinical target organ damage in subjects with different components of metabolic syndrome

Author

Oxana P. Rotar, Maria A. Boyarinova, Ekaterina V. Moguchaia, Ekaterina P. Kolesova, Anastasya M. Erina, Vladislav N. Solntsev, Alexandra O. Konradi, and Eugene V. Shlyakhto

Subjects
carotid atherosclerosis, hypertension, left ventricular damage, metabolic syndrome, target organ damage, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: To assess the association of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components with target organ damage in a follow-up study of relatively healthy bank employers. Methods: Out of 1600 random samples of office workers in Saint Petersburg (Russia), a group of 383 participants with at least one component of MS and without cardiovascular complications was selected (mean age 46.6 ± 9.0 years, 214 females (64.6%)). Follow-up visit was performed in 331 subjects. Target organ damage (TOD) was assessed by echocardiography, carotid ultrasound, applanational tonometry, brachial–ankle index, and urine albumin excretion measurements. Anthropometry, vital signs, and biochemistry were performed according to standard protocols. Results: Presence of MS was not associated with higher probability of TOD. Multiple linear regression revealed significant association of all markers of TOD with older age. Hypertension was a significant predictor of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), increased arterial stiffness, and early signs of carotid atherosclerosis in logistic regression adjusted for age and gender. During follow-up, proportion of patients with LVH significantly decreased (from 46.7% to 32.9%, р = 0.003) and prevalence of patients with IMT > 0.09 сm increased (from 24.5% to 44.1%, p

Published
2018
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4. Icosapent Ethyl Reduces Ischemic Events in Patients With a History of Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: REDUCE-IT CABG

Author

Subodh Verma, Deepak L. Bhatt, Ph. Gabriel Steg, Michael Miller, Eliot A. Brinton, Terry A. Jacobson, Nitish K. Dhingra, Steven B. Ketchum, Rebecca A. Juliano, Lixia Jiao, Ralph T. Doyle, Craig Granowitz, C. Michael Gibson, Duane Pinto, Robert P. Giugliano, Matthew J. Budoff, R. Preston Mason, Jean-Claude Tardif, Christie M. Ballantyne, Fabrice M.A.C. Martens, Astrid Schut, Brian Olshansky, Mina Chung, Al Hallstrom, Lesly Pearce, Cyrus Mehta, Rajat Mukherjee, Anjan K. Chakrabarti, Eli V. Gelfand, Megan Carroll Leary, Duane S. Pinto, Yuri B. Pride, Steven Ketchum, Ramakrishna Bhavanthula, Gertrude Chester, Christina Copland, Katelyn Diffin, Ralph Doyle, Kurt Erz, Alex Giaquinto, Paula Glanton, Angela Granger, Richard H. Iroudayassamy, Rebecca Juliano, James Jin, Dimitry Klevak, Hardik Panchal, Robert Wang, Shin-Ru Wang, Gerard Abate, Peggy J. Berry, Rene Braeckman, Declan Doogan, Anne Elson, Amy HauptmannBaker, Isabel Lamela, Catherine Lubeck, Mehar Manku, Sabina Murphy, Monica Sanford, William Stirtan, Paresh Soni, Arnaud Bastien, Demetria Foster, Evangelito Gascon, Judith Johnson, Lasbert Latona, Gang Liu, Sandra Palleja, Nelly Sanjuan, Jimmy Shi, William Stager, Mukund Venkatakrishnan, Ahmed Youssef-Agha, Julie Zhu, Leela Aertker, Suresh Ankolekar, Lisa Goldberg, Natasa Rajicic, Jianfen Shu, Heng Zou, Magdy Mikhail, Gamil Dawood, N. Mathew Koshy, Sandip K. Mukherjee, Rafik Abadier, Andrea L. Lawless, William P. McGuinn, Howard Weintraub, Kathryn Rohr, Edmund Claxton, Robert J. Weiss, Terry D. Klein, Mani Nallasivan, Stephen Crowley, Marilyn King, Anthony D. Alfieri, David Fitz-Patrick, Irving Loh, Nolan J. Mayer, Rakesh Prashad, Samuel Lederman, Debra Weinstein, Harold E. Bays, Keith Chu, Alireza Maghsoudi, Paul D. Thompson, Jeff Carstens, Anna Chang, Kenneth R. Cohen, Julius Dean, Howard S. Ellison, Bernard Erickson, Enrique A. Flores, Daniel W. Gottlieb, Paul Grena, John R. Guyton, Peter H. Jones, John M. Joseph, Norman E. Lepor, Sam Lerman, Robert D. Matheney, Theodore R. Pacheco, Michael B. Russo, John Rubino, Edward S. Pereira, Albert A. Seals, Eduardo Viera, Alan D. Steljes, Jason Thompson, Shaival Kapadia, Michael McIvor, Jorge E. Salazar, Jose O. Santiago, Ralph Vicari, Martin R. Berk, William A. Kaye, Marcus McKenzie, David Podlecki, Brian D. Snyder, Stephen Nash, David M. Herrington, Wallace Johnson, Joseph R. Lee, Ronald Blonder, Alpa M. Patel, Ramon Castello, Susan Greco, Dean J. Kereiakes, Venkatesh K. Nadar, Mark Nathan, Ranganatha P. Potu, Robert Sangrigoli, Richard Smalling, Mitchell Davis, Robert Braastad, James McCriskin, Kunal Bodiwala, Joe L. Hargrove, Mark W. Graves, George Emlein, Raegan W. Durant, James W. Clower, Rohit Arora, Narendra Singh, Lisa Warsinger Martin, W Herbert Haught, Marc P. Litt, Michael D. Klein, Peter Hoagland, Michael Goldstein, Marco S. Mazzella, Daniel H. Dunker, Brian H. Kahn, Carlos S. Ince, Frank A. McGrew, Jay Lee, David Pan, Salman A. Khan, Uri Elkayam, Wasim Deeb, Anne C. Goldberg, Christopher S. Brown, Wayne N. Leimbach, Thomas S. Backer, David R. Sutton, Joel Gellman, Anu R. George, Alan S. Hoffman, Mark Kates, Kishlay Anand, Robert Bear, Brendan J. Cavanaugh, Ramon G. Reyes, Rodolfo Sotolongo, Kenneth Sabatino, Kevin Gallagher, Ehab Sorial, Chris Geohas, Kathleen E. Magness, Bernard P. Grunstra, Frederik A. Martin, William S. Knapp, Mel E. Lucas, John J. Champlin, Jason Demattia, Patrick H. Peters, Judith Kirstein, William J. Randall, Cezar S. Staniloae, Jennifer G. Robinson, Alexander Adler, Christopher Case, Andrew J. Kaplan, Gregory F. Lakin, Krishan K. Goyle, Michael J. DiGiovanna, Chester L. Fisher, Michael Lillestol, Michael Robinson, Robert G. Perry, Lawrence S. Levinson, Brian G. Everhart, Robert D. Madder, Earl F. Martin, Earl E. Martin, Imtiaz Alam, Jose Mari L. Elacion, Robina Poonawala, Taddese T. Desta, Jerome A. Robinson, Gilbert J. Martinez, Jakkidi S. Reddy, Jeffrey D. Wayne, Samuel Mujica Trenche, Westbrook I. Kaplan, Rubin H. Saavedra, Michael D. DiGregorio, Barry D. Bertolet, Neil J. Fraser, Terence T. Hart, Ronald J. Graf, David A. Jasper, Michael Dunn, Dan A. Streja, David J. Strobl, Nan Jiang, Vicki Kalen, Richard Mascolo, Mercedes B. Samson, Michael Stephens, Bret M. Bellard, Mario Juarez, Patrick J. McCarthy, John B. Checton, Michael Stillabower, Edward Goldenberg, Amin H. Karim, Naseem Jaffrani, Robert C. Touchon, Erich R. Fruehling, Clayton J. Friesen, Pradipta Chaudhuri, Frank H. Morris, Robert E. Broker, Rajesh J. Patel, Susan Hole, Randall P. Miller, Francisco G. Miranda, Sadia Dar, Shawn N. Gentry, Paul Hermany, Charles B. Treasure, Miguel E. Trevino, Raimundo Acosta, Anthony Japour, Samuel J. Durr, Thomas Wang, Om P. Ganda, Perry Krichmar, James L. Arter, Douglas Jacoby, Michael A. Schwartz, Amer Al-Karadsheh, Nelson E. Gencheff, John A. Pasquini, Richard Dunbar, Sarah Kohnstamm, Hector F. Lozano, Francine K. Welty, Thomas L. Pitts, Brian Zehnder, Salah El Hafi, Mark A. King, Arnold Ghitis, Marwan M. Bahu, Hooman Ranjbaran Jahromi, Ronald P. Caputo, Robert S. Busch, Michael D. Shapiro, Suhail Zavaro, Munib Daudjee, Shahram Jacobs, Vipul B. Shah, Frank Rubalcava, Mohsin T. Alhaddad, Henry Lui, Raj T. Rajan, Fadi E. Saba, Mahendra Pai N Gunapooti, Tshiswaka B. Kayembe, Timothy Jennings, Robert A. Strzinek, Michael H. Shanik, Pradeep K. Singh, Alastair C. Kennedy, Howard Rubenstein, Ramin Manshadi, Joanne Ladner, Lily Kakish, Ashley Kakish, Amy L. Little, Jaime Gerber, Nancy J. Hinchion, Janet Guarino, Denise Raychok, Susan Budzinski, Kathleen Kelley-Garvin, April Beckord, Jessica Schlinder, Arthur Schwartzbard, Stanley Cobos, Deborah Freeman, David Abisalih, Dervilla McCann, Kylie Guy, Jennifer Chase, Stacey Samuelson, Madeline Cassidy, Marissa Tardif, Jaime Smith, Brenna Sprout, Nanette Riedeman, Julie Goza, Lori Johnson, Chad Kraske, Sheila Hastings, Chris Dutka, Stephanie Smith, Toni McCabe, Kathleen Maloney, Paul Alfieri, Vinay Hosemane, Chanhsamone Syravanh, Cindy Pau, April Limcoiloc, Tabitha Carreira, Taryn S. Kurosawa, Razmig Krumian, Krista Preston, Ashraf Nashed, Daria Schneidman-Fernandez, Jack Patterson, John Tsakonas, Jennifer Esaki, Lynn Sprafka, Porous Patel, Brian Mitchell, Erin M. Ross, Donna Miller, Akash Prashad, Kristina M. Feyler, Natasha Juarbe, Sandra Herrera, Sarah M. Keiran, Becky Whitehead, Whitney Asher, Coury Hobbs, Abbey Elie, Jean Brooks, Amanda L. Zaleski, Brenda Foxen, Barb Lapke, Philippa Wright, Bristol Pavol, Gwen Carangi, Marla Turner, Katharine W. Sanders, Rikita S. Delamar, Virginia L. Wilson, Sarah M. Harvel, Alison M. Cartledge, Kaitlyn R. Bailey, Kathleen Mahon, Timothy Schuchard, Jen Humbert, Mark C. Hanson, Michael P. Cecil, James S. Abraham, Lorie Benedict, Claudia Slayton, Curtis S. Burnett, Rachel W. Ono-Lim, Sharon Budzinski, Shubi A. Khan, Sharon Goss, Terry Techmanski, Farida Valliani, Rimla Joseph, Edith Flores, Laurn Contreras, Ana Aguillon, Carrie-Ann Silvia, Maria Martin, Edmund K. Kerut, Leslie W. Levenson, Louis B. Glade, Brian J. Cospolich, Maureen W. Stein, Stephen P. LaGuardia, Thelma L. Sonza, Tracy M. Fife, Melissa Forschler, Jasmyne Watts, Judy Fritsch, Emese Futchko, Sarah Utech, Scott B. Baker, Miguel F. Roura, Scott A. Segel, James S. Magee, Cathy Jackson, Rebecca F. Goldfaden, Liudmila Quas, Elizabeth C. Ortiz, Michael Simpson, Robert Foster, Christopher Brian, James Trimm, Michael Bailey, Brian Snoddy, Van Reeder, Rachel Wilkinson, Harold Settle, Cynthia Massey, Angela Maiola, Michele Hall, Shelly Hall, Wanda Hall, Mark Xenakis, Janet Barrett, Giovanni Campanile, David Anthou, Susan F. Neill, Steven Karas, Enrique Polanco, Norberto Schechtman, Grace Tischner, Kay Warren, Cynthia St Cyr, Menna Kuczinski, Latrina Alexander, Maricruz Ibarra, Barry S. Horowitz, Jaime Steinsapir, Jeanette Mangual-Coughlin, Brittany Mooney, Precilia Vasquez, Kathleen Rodkey, Alexandria Biberstein, Christine Ignacio, Irina Robinson, Marcia Hibberd, Lisa B. Hoffman, Daniel J. Murak, Raghupathy Varavenkataraman, Theresa M. Ohlson Elliott, Linda A. Cunningham, Heather L. Palmerton, Sheri Poole, Jeannine Moore, Helene Wallace, Ted Chandler, Robert Riley, Farah Dawood, Amir Azeem, Michael Cammarata, Ashleigh Owen, Shivani Aggarwal, Waqas Qureshi, Mohamed Almahmoud, Abdullahi Oseni, Adam Leigh, Erin Barnes, Adam Pflum, Amer Aladin, Karen Blinson, Vickie Wayne, Lynda Doomy, Michele Wall, Valerie Bitterman, Cindi Young, Rachel Grice, Lioubov Poliakova, Jorge Davalos, David Rosenbaum, Mark Boulware, Heather Mazzola, J. Russell Strader, Russell Linsky, David Schwartz, Elizabeth Graf, Alicia Gneiting, Melissa Palmblad, Ashley Donlin, Emily Ensminger, Hillary Garcia, Dawn Robinson, Carolyn Tran, Jeffrey Jacqmein, Darlene Bartilucci, Michael Koren, Barbara Maluchnik, Melissa Parks, Jennifer Miller, Cynthia DeFosse, Albert B. Knouse, Amy Delancey, Stephanie Chin, Thomas Stephens, Mag Sohal, Juana Ingram, Swarooparani Kumar, Heather Foley, Nina Smith, Vera McKinney, Linda Schwarz, Judith Moore, Hildreth Vernon Anderson, Stefano Sdringola-Maranga, Ali Denktas, Elizabeth Turrentine, Rhonda Patterson, John Marshall, Terri Tolar, Donna Patrick, Pamela Schwartzkopf, Anthony M. Fletcher, Frances R. Harris, Sherry Clements, Tiffany Brown, William Smith, Stacey J. Baehl, Robin Fluty, Daniel VanHamersveld, Dennis Breen, Nancy Bender, Beverly Stafford, Tamika Washington, Margaret N. Pike, Mark A. Stich, Evyan Jawad, Amin Nadeem, Jill Nyland, Rhonda Hamer, Kendra Calhoun, Charlotte Mall, Samuel Cadogan, Kati Raynes, Richard Katz, Lorraine Marshall, Rashida Abbas, Jay L. Dinerman, John T. Hartley, Beth Lamb, Lisa Eskridge, Donna Raymond, Kristy Clemmer, Denise M. Fine, Paula Beardsley, Janet Werner, Bette Mahan, Courtney VanTol, Robert Herman, Christine Raiser-Vignola, Felicia McShan, Stefanie A. Neill, David R. Blick, Michael J. Liston, Denetta K. Nelson, Sandra K. Dorrell, Patricia Wyman, Ambereen Quraishi, Fernando Ferro, Frank Morris, Vicki J. Coombs, Autumn M. Mains, Austin A. Campbell, Jeanne Phelps, Cheryl A. Geary, Ellen G. Sheridan, Jean M. Downing, Arie Swatkowski, Tish Redden, Brian Dragutsky, Susan Thomas, Candace Mitchell, Diana Barker, Elanie Turcotte, Deborah Segerson, Jill Guy, Karena De La Mora, Jennifer Hong, Dennis Do, Rose Norris, Faisal Khan, Hector Montero, Stacy Kelly-White, Alan Cleland, Rosalyn Alcalde-Crawford, Melissa Morgan, Brijmohan Sarabu, Megan Minor, Shweta Kamat, Stephanie M. Estes, Nancee Harless, Alicia Disney, Jodi L. Pagano, Chad M. Alford, Noel W. Bedwell, Warren D. Hardy, Kevin DeAndrade, Jessica G. Elmore, Eric Auerbach, Anthony W. Haney, Miriam H. Brooks, Jose Torres, Lois Roper, Terry Backer, Katie Backer, John G. Evans, Ricardo A. Silva, Lorraine H. Dajani, Veronica Yousif, Tammy Ross, Sion K. Roy, Ronald Oudiz, Sajad Hamal, Ferdinand Flores, Amor Leahy, Debra Ayer, Swapna George, Chrisi Carine Stewart, Elvira Orellana, Cristina Boccalandro, Mary Rangel, Suzanne Hennings, Carl Vanselow, Teri Victor, Darlene Birdwell, Paul Haas, Anthony Sandoval, Gina Ciavarella, Caroline Saglam, Amy Bird, Keith Beck, Brian Poliquin, David Dominguez, Brittany Tenorio, Harvonya Perkins, Esther San Roman, Paris Bransford, Christy Lowrance, Marcy Broussard, Mary Ellis, Bobbi Skiles, Jessica Hamilton, Kathryn Hall, Diego Olvera, Julee A. Hartwell, Nevien Sorial, Mary Rickman, Kevin Berman, Nirav Mehta, Annie Laborin, Rodger Rothenberger, Sarah Beauvilliers, Kathy Morrell, Michael P. Schachter, Cindy L. Perkins, Elizabeth A. Gordon, Jennifer Lauer, Kim Bichsel, Kelly Oliver, Leslie J. Mellor, Candice Demattia, Jennifer Schomburg, Yenniffer Moreno, Eduardo Mansur-Garza, Lena Rippstein, Lorie Chacon, Andrea Pena, Michelle King, Susan Richardson, Annette Jessop, Nicole Tucker, Whitney Royer, Gilbert Templeton, Ann Moell, Christine Weller, Melissa J. Botts, Gretel Hollon, Elsa Homberg-Pinassi, Paula Forest, Aref Bin Abhulhak, Devona Chun-Furlong, Deborah Harrington, Emily Harlynn, Marjorie Schmitt, Constance Shelsky, Patricia Feldick, Mary Cherrico, Courtney Jagle, Nicholas Warnecke, Debra Myer, Deanna J. Ruder, Albina Underwood, Alan Rauba, George Carr, Barbara Oberhaus, Jessica Vanderfeltz, Mary Jo Stucky-Heil, Dale R. Gibson, Vonnie Fuentes, Kimberly L. Talbot, William C. Simon, Katlyn J. Grimes, Christina R. Wheeler, Cassaundra Shultz, Rhonda A. Metcalf, Jennifer L. Hill, Michelle R. Oliver, Basharat Ahmad, Fouzal Azeem, Abdul Rahim, George H. Freeman, Dawn Bloch, Heather Freeman, Jamie Brown, Sarah Rosbach, Pamela Melander, Nick Taralson, Alex Liu, Katlyn Harms, Mahfouz Michale, Jose Lopez, Maria Revoredo, Shari Edevane, Sarah Shawley, Timothy L. Jackson, Michael J. Oliver, Dina DeSalle, Patricia J. Matlock, Ionna M. Beraun, Heather Hendrix, Garrett Bromley, Ashley Niemerski, Gabby Teran, Sonia Guerrero, Murtaza Marvi, Zehra Palanpurwala, Andrea Torres, Patty Gloyd, Michelle Conger, Aziz Laurent, Olia Nayor, Catalina S. Villanueva, Munira Khambati, Tabetha J. Mumford, Melanie J. Castillo, Taddese Desta, Jerome Robinson, La Shawn Woods, Anita Bahri, Nancy Herrera, Cecilia Casaclang, Jeffrey R. Unger, Geraldine Martinez, Mia K. Moon, Stephen M. Mohaupt, Larry Sandoval, Louisito Valenzuela, Victora Ramirez, Nelly Mata, Veronica Avila, Marisol Patino, Cynthia Montano-Pereira, Omar Barnett, William M. Webster, Lorraine M. Christensen, Leighna Bofman, Melanie Livingston, Stacey Adams, Joseph Hobbs, Leesa Koskela, Mia Katz, Samuel Mujica-Trenche, Franklin Cala, Noreen T. Rana, Jennifer Scarlett, Milagros Cala Anaya, Marsha R. Jones, Kelly D. Hollis, Debbie Roth, Kristin Eads, Tina Watts, Judy Perkins, Alice Arnold, Daniel C. Ginsberg, Denise Quinn, Nicole Cureton, David B. Fittingoff, Mohammed I. Iqbal, Stephen R. White, Edith Sisneros, Michelle Ducca, David Streja, Danny Campos, Jennifer L. Boak, Farzeen Amir, Felice Anderson, James J. Kmetzo, Mary O. Bongarzone, Dawn Scott, Mary Grace De Leon, Cynthia Buda, William Graettinger, Michelle Alex, Erika Hess, James Govoni, Melissa Bartel, Travis L. Monchamp, Julie S. Roach, Sara Gibson, Amy M. Allfrey, Kristen Timpy, Kathy Bott, Karin A. Soucy, Jean Willis, Cecilia A. Valerio, Anusha Chunduri, Rebecca Coker, Nicole Vidrine, Ellen A. Thompson, Mark A. Studeny, Melissa K. Marcum, Tammy S. Monway, Douglas L. Kosmicki, Melissa J. Kelley, Corey M. Godfrey, Susan L. Krenk, Randy R. Holcomb, Deb K. Baehr, Mary K. Trauernicht, David Rowland Lowry, Betty Bondy Herts, Jeanne E Phelps, Jean-Marie Downing, Carol Gamer Dignon, Elisabeth S. Cockrill, Pravinchandra G. Chapla, Diane Fera, Margaret Chang, Patricia Fredette, Tamie Ashby, Renee Bergin, Zebediah A. Stearns, David B. Ware, Rachael M. Boudreaux, Joanna Rodriguez, Robert McKenzie, Amanda Huber, Rebecca Sommers, Heather Rowe, Stacy McLallen, Michale Haynes, Ashley Adamson, Janice Henderson, Lori McClure, Beverly A. Harris, Laura Ference, Sue Meissner-Dengler, Lisa Treasure, Doreen Nicely, Timothy L. Light, Tracey A. Osborn, Kimberly J. Mai, Pablo Vivas, Jose Rios, Dunia Rodriguez, Roger DeRaad, James Walder, Oscar Bailon, Denice Hockett, Debbie Anderson, Kelli McIntosh, Amber Odegard, Andrew Shepherd, Mary Seifert, Laurence Kelley, Rajendra Shetty, Michael Castine, David Brill, Gregory Fisher, Nicole Richmond, Kathleen Gray, Patricia Miller, Charlene Coneys, Yarixa Chanza, Monica Sumoza, Victoria M. Caudill, Kelly D. Harris, Courtney A. Manion, Melody J. Lineberger-Moore, Julie J. Wolfe, Barbara J. Rosen, Patricia DiVito, Janet L. Moffat, Christina Michaelis, Prashant Koshy, Diana Perea, Ghaith Al Yacoub, Stephanie Sadeghi, Thomas D. LeGalley, Rudolph F. Evonich, William J. Jean, Gary M. Friesen, John M. Pap, David A. Pesola, Mark D. Cowan, Kristofer M. Dosh, Dianna Larson, Adele M. Price, Jodi A. Nease, Jane E. Anderson, Lori A. Piggott, Robert Iwaoka, Kevin Sharkey, Edward McMillan, Laurie Lowder, Latisha Morgan, Kyle Davis, Tara Caldwell, Erica Breglio, Jasmine Summers, Rachel Poulimas, Muhammad Zahid, Hamid Syed, Maria Escobar, Jacob Levy, Rahma Warsi, Carol Ma, Puxiao Cen, Kimberly A. Cawthon, Delores B. Barnes, Deanna G. Allen, Margaret L. Warrington, Carol R. Stastny, Robin J. Michaels, Mohamad Saleh, John Sorin, Sunny Rathod, Urakay Juett, Steven Spencer, Aziza Keval, Jill McBride, Shane Young, Catherine Baxter, Carol Rasmussen, Shari L. Coxe, Luis Campos, Shahin Tavackoli, Diana Beckham, Darlynee Sanchez, Karanjit Basrai, Dorian Helms, Erica Clinton, Kasie Smith, Henry Cusnir, Mary Klaus Clark, Madhavagopal V. Cherukuri, Ameta Scarfaru, Stephen D. Nash, Loretta C. Grimm, Anna Grace, Kylie McElheran, Dino Subasic, Zedrick Buhay, Janet Litvinoff, Deepak Shah, Shannon Cervantes, Freda Usher, Farra Yasser, Theodore Trusevich, Ronnie L. Garcia, Jamison Wyatt, Rahul Bose, Holllilyn Miska, Traci Spivey, Amy B. Wren, Katie E. Vance, Lani L. Holman, Pam Gibbons, Elaine Eby, Sandra Shepard, Soratree Charoenthongtrakul, Brett Snodgrass, Mohammed Nazem, Shelly Keteenburg, Prathima Murthy, Frederic Prater, Ashley Rumfelt, Christina Eizensmits, Lisa Iannuzzi, Pourus R. Patel, Clellia Bergamino, Elizabeth McFeaters, Botros Rizk, Emiljia Pflaum, Danny Kalish, Rex Ambatali, Mona Ameli, Delaina Sanguinetti, Rakesh Vaidya, Martinus A.W. Broeders, Dorman Henrikus, Adrianus F.M. Kuijper, Nadea Al-Windy, Michael Magro, Karim Hamraoui, Ismail Aksoy, Guy L.J. Vermeiren, H.W.O. Roeters van Lennep, Gerard Hoedemaker, Johannes Jacobus Remmen, Kjell Bogaard, Dirk van der Heijden, Nicole MJ Knufman, Joost Frederiks, Johannes Willem Louwerenburg, Piet van Rossum, Johannes Milhous, Peter van der Meer, Arno van der Weerdt, Rob Breedveld, Mitran Keijzers, Walter Hermans, Ruud van de Wal, Peter A.G. Zwart, Marc M.J.M. van der Linden, Gerardus Zwiers, Dirk J. Boswijk, Jan Geert Tans, Jacob van Eck, Maarten V. Hessen, Barnabas J.B. Hamer, Stieneke Zoet-Nugteren, Lucien Theunissen, E.A. van Beek, Remco Nijmeijer, Pieter R. Nierop, Gerard Linssen, H.P. Swart, Timo Lenderink, Gerard L. Bartels, Frank den Hartog, Brian J. Berg van den, Wouter van Kempen, Susanne Kentgens, Gloria M. Rojas Lingan, Martinus M. Peeters, Hilligje Keterberg, Melchior Nierman, Annemieke K. den Hollander, Jacqueline Hoogendijk, Christine Voors-Pette, Vicdan Kose, Peter Viergever, Larysa Yena, Viktor Syvolap, Mykola P. Kopytsya, Olga Barna, Svitlana S. Panina, Mykhailo I. Lutai, Oxana V. Shershnyova, Iryna Luzkiv, Larysa S. Bula, Sergii Zotov, Ivan Vyjhovaniuk, Olena Lysunets, Volodymyr I. Koshlia, Nataliya Sydor, Myroslava F. Vayda, Olexiy Ushakov, Mykola Rishko, Viktor P. Shcherbak, Yevgeniya Svyshchenko, Vira Tseluyko, Andriy Yagensky, Viktoriia I. Zolotaikina, Olga Godlevska, Larysa Ivanova, Olena Koval, Olena I. Mitchenko, Galyna Y. Kardash, Yurii S. Rudyk, Mykola Stanislavchuk, Volodymyr Ivanovych Volkov, Olena G. Karlinskaya, Susanna A. Tykhonova, Nikolay Vatutin, Ganna Smirnova, Volodymyr M. Kovalenko, Viktor Lizogub, Denys Sebov, Oleksandr Dyadyk, Svetlana Andrievskaya, Mykola P. Krasko, Alexander N. Parkhomenko, Lidiya Horbach, Iryna G. Kupnovytska, Tetyana Pertseva, Oleksandr Karpenko, Dmytro Reshotko, Svitlana V. Zhurba, Leonid Rudenko, Viktoriia Yu Zharinova, Valerii B. Shatylo, Yuriy I. Karpenko, Mariya A. Orynchak, Tatiana R. Kameneva, Elena Zherlitsina, Diana N. Alpenidze, Grigoriy P. Arutyunov, Elena Baranova, Boris Bart, Dmitriy I. Belenkiy, Svetlana A. Boldueva, Elena A. Demchenko, Vera V. Eltishcheva, Alexander M. Gofman, Boris M. Goloshchekin, Ivan Gennadyevich Gordeev, Nikolay Gratsianskiy, Gadel Kamalov, Niyaz R. Khasanov, Irina M. Kholina, Zhanna D. Kobalava, Elena V. Kobeleva, Alexandra O. Konradi, Victor A. Kostenko, Andrey Dmitrievich Kuimov, Polina Y. Ermakova, Sofia K. Malyutina, Alexey V. Panov, Natalia V. Polezhaeva, Olga Reshetko, Nataliya P. Shilkina, Sergey B. Shustov, Elena A. Smolyarchuk, Raisa I. Stryuk, Elena Yurievnar Solovieva, Andrey V. Susekov, Natalia Vezikova, Svetlana N. Ivanova, Alexander A. Petrov, Vladimir O. Konstantinov, Alina S. Agafina, Victor Gurevich, Konstantin N. Zrazhevskiy, Tatiana V. Supryadkina, Nikita B. Perepech, Vadim L. Arkhipovskiy, Dmitry Yu Butko, Irina A. Zobenko, Olga V. Orlikova, Viktor Mordovin, Olga L. Barbarash, Anastasiya Lebedeva, Vladimir Nosov, Oleg V. Averkov, Elena P. Pavlikova, Yuri B. Karpov, Marina Lvovna Giorgadze, Oleg A. Khrustalev, Mikhail Arkhipov, Tatiana A. Raskina, Julia V. Shilko, Yulia Samoilova, Elena D. Kosmacheva, Sergey V. Nedogoda, Kathleen Coetzee, Lesley J. Burgess, F.C.R. Theron, Iftikhar O. Ebrahim, Gerbrand A. Haasbroek, Maria Pretorius, Julien S. Trokis, Dorothea V. Urbach, Mark J. Abelson, Adrian R. Horak, Aysha E. Badat, Ellen M. Makotoko, Hendrik Du Toit Theron, Padaruth Ramlachan, Clive H. Corbett, Ismail H. Mitha, Hendrik F.M. Nortje, Dirkie J. Jansen van Rensburg, Peter J. Sebastian, F.C.J. Bester, Louis J. van Zyl, Brian L. Rayner, Elżbieta Błach, Magda Dąbrowska, Grzegorz Kania, Agata E. Kelm-Warchol, Leszek P. Kinasz, Janusz Korecki, Mariusz Kruk, Ewa Laskowska-Derlaga, Andrzej Madej, Krzysztof Saminski, Katarzyna Wasilewska, Katarzyna Szymkowiak, Małgorzata Wojciechowska, Natalia Piorowska, Andrzej Dyczek, Rajpal K. Abhaichand, Ramesh B. Byrapaneni, Basavanagowdappa Hattur, Malipeddi Bhaskara Rao, Nitin Ghaisas, Sujit Shankar Kadam, Jugal B. Gupta, Santhosh M. Jayadev, V.A. Kothiwale, Atul Mathur, Vijay Bhaskar, Ravi K. Aluri, Udaya P. Ponangi, Mukesh K. Sarna, Sunil Sathe, Manish K. Sharma, Jilendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Chakrabhavi B. Keshavamurthy, Arun Srinivas, Hemant P. Thacker, A. Sharda, Johny Joseph, Sunil Dwivedi, Viswanathan Mohan, Rajendra K. Premchand, Jacques Bedard, Jean Bergeron, Ronald Collette, David Crowley, Richard Dumas, Sam Henein, Geoff Moran, William F. O’Mahony, Michael O’Mahony, Sammy Chan, Mark H. Sherman, Graham C. Wong, Brian D. Carlson, Milan K. Gupta, David Borts, Sean R. Peterson, Martyn Chilvers, Allan J. Kelly, Jean C. Gregoire, Simon Kouz, Josep Rodés Cabau, Minodora Andor, Mircea Cinteza, Radu Ciudin, Radu I. Cojan, Roxana O. Darabont, Dan-Lucian Dumitrascu, Carmen Fierbinteanu-Braticievici, Ana Gabriela Fruntelata, Constantin Militaru, Bogdon E. Minescu, Doina Luminita Serban, Florin Mitu, Dorel Nastase Melicovici, Ovidiu Petrascu, Octavian M. Pirvu, Cristian Podoleanu, Calin Pop, Rodica-Valentina V. Stanescu-Cioranu, Adrian Tase, Cristina Voiculet, Constantine N. Aroney, Anthony M. Dart, Timothy Davis, Karam Kostner, David N. O’Neal, Peter W. Purnell, Bhuwanendu B. Singh, David R. Sullivan, Peter Thompson, Gerald F. Watts, Adam F. Blenkhorn, John V. Amerena, Rafeeq Samie, Randall Hendriks, Joseph Proietto, Nikolai Petrovsky, Alan Whelan, David Colquhoun, Russell S. Scott, Simon C. Young, Tammy Pegg, Samuel JS Wilson, Andrew W. Hamer, Richard A. Luke, Hamish H. Hart, Gerard P. Devlin, Gerard T. Wilkins, Ian F. Ternouth, Samraj Nandra, Bruno S. Loeprich, Nicole McGrath, Stuart L. Tie, Rob J. Bos, Alexandra Wils, Tamara Jacobs, Erik A. Badings, Lillian A. Ebels-Tuinbeek, Mayke L. Scholten, Esther Bayraktar-Verver, Debby Zweers, Manoek Schiks, Carolien Kalkman, Tineke Tiemes, Jeanette Mulderij, Katarzyna Dabrowska, Wilma Wijnakker, Riny Van de Loo, Jeanne de Graauw, Giny Reijnierse, Mirjam van der Zeijst, Mariska Scholten, Henk R. Hofmeijer, Antoinette van Dijk-van der Zanden, Dineke J. van Belle, Jan Van Es, Gera Van Buchem, Wendy Zijda, Harald Verheij, Linnea Oldenhof-Janssen, Martina Bader, Marije Löwik, Sandra Stuij, Pascal Vantrimpont, Krista van Aken, Karen Hamilton, Han Blömer, Gabriela van Laerhoven, Raymond Tukkie, Maarten Janssen, Gerard Verdel, Jon Funke Küpper, Bob van Vlies, Caroline Kalkman, Joke Vooges, Marinella Vermaas, Rachel Langenberg, Niek Haenen, Frans Smeets, Arko Scheepmaker, Marcel Grosfeld, Ilvy Van Lieshout, Marleen van den Berg, Marian Wittekoek, Petra Mol, Antionette Stapel, Margaretha Sierevogel, Nancy van der Ven, Annemiek Berkelmans, Eric Viergever, Hanneke Kramer, Wilma Engelen, Karen V. Houwelingen, Thierry X. Wildbergh, Arend Mosterd, Coriet Hobé-Rap, Marjan van Doorn, Petra Bunschoten, Michel Freericks, Mireille Emans, Petra Den Boer-Penning, Els Verlek, Christine Freericks, Cornelis de Nooijer, Christina Welten, Ingrid Groenenberg, Claudia van der Horst, Esther Vonk, Geert Tjeerdsma, Gerard M. Jochemsen, Corinne van Daalen, Ingrid Y. Danse, Lucy Kuipers, Anke Pieterse, Antonius Oomen, Daan de Waard, Willem Jan Flu, Zusan Kromhout, Petra Van der Bij, Rob Feld, Brigitta Hessels-Linnemeijer, Rob Lardinois, Jan L. Posma, Zwanette R. Aukema-Wouda, Marjolijn Hendriks-van Woerden, Desiree van Wijk, Driek P. Beelen, Ingrid H. Hendriks, Jan J. Jonker, Stefanie Schipperen, Vicdan Köse, Gloria Rojas, Linda Goedhart, Hanneke van Meurs, Jacqueline Rijssemus, Lindy Swinkels-Diepenmaat, Marloes de Louw-Jansen, Dominique Bierens-Peters, Willem W. van Kempen, Marianne E. Wittekoek, Irmaina Agous, Geert Schenk, Janneke Wittekoek, Kevin Cox, Deborah F. Julia, Jan J.C. Jonker, Roel Janssen, Melchor Nierman, Hilligje Katerberg, Irene van der Haar, Willem W. Van Kempen, Taco van Mesdag, Leyda M. Alvarez Costa, Manon Schensema, Salomé Zweekhorst, Deborah Font Julia, Lauri Hanewinckel, Joyce Olsthoorn, Johan C. Berends, Arie C. van der Spek, Roy van der Berg, Rob J. Timmermann, Ingrid Boerema, Iryna Mudruk, Anna Khrystoforova, Serhii Kyselov, Yaroslava V. Hilova, Pavlo Logoida, Nataliia A. Sanina, Ilona P. Golikova, Olena O. Nemchyna, Ivan I. Isaichikov, Olga B. Potapova, Iurii V. Gura, Larysa Berestetska, Olena O. Kulianda, Oleksandr Tantsura, Oleksandr S. Kulbachuk, Volodymyr Petsentiy, Ihor Biskub, Tetyana Handych, Oleg Lagkuti, Alyna Gagarina, Taras Chendey, Oksana F. Bilonko, Olena Matova, Larysa Bezrodna, Olena Yarynkina, Tetiana Ovdiienko, Volodymyr Randchenko, Maryna Mospan, Olena Butko, Olga Romanenko, Mykhailo Pavelko, Iryna Sichkaruk, Svitlana O. Lazareva, Olena A. Kudryk, Inessa M. Koltsun, Tetiana Magdalits, Sergei Zadorozhniy, Kira Kompaniiets, Andrii Ivanov, Sergiy Romanenko, Pavlo Kaplan, Vadym Y. Romanov, Oksana P. Mykytyuk, Nataliia S. Zaitseva, Sergiy N. Pyvovar, Lyudmyla Burdeuna, Emerita Serdobinska, Tatiana I. Shevchenko, Igor I. Ivanytskyi, Olena V. Khyzhnyak, Nataliya Kalinkina, Olena Keting, Olena Sklyanna, Olga Kashanska, Anna Shevelok, Marina Khristichenko, Ievgenii Y. Titov, Danilenko O. Oleksander, Nataliia S. Polenova, Nataliia Altunina, Viktoriia Kororaieva, Stanislav Zborovskiy, Leonid Kholopov, Iurii Suliman, Lanna Lukashenko, Stanislav Shvaykin, Olexandr M. Glavatskiy, Roman O. Sychov, Roman L. Kulynych, Oleksandr A. Skarzhevskyi, Nataliia V. Dovgan, Marta Horbach, Olga Cherkasova, Iryna Tyshchenko, Liudmyla Todoriuk, Svitlana Kizim, Nataliia Brodi, Oleksandr Ivanko, Olga Garbarchuk, Liudmyla Alieksieieva, Tetiana L. Shandra, Olena Beregova, Larisa An Bodretska, Svitlana S. Naskalova, Ivanna A. Antoniuk-Shcheglova, Olena V. Bondarenko, Natalia G. Andreeva, Iryna I. Vakalyuk, Olha S. Chovganyuk, Nataliya R. Artemenko, Kiril A. Maltsev, Natalia Kalishevich, Natalia G. Kondratyeva, Svetlana A. Nikitina, Maria V. Martjanova, Anna V. Sokolova, Dmitrii O. Dragunov, Olga Kolesnik, Vera Larina, Oxana V. Tsygankova, Maria Ivanova, Illia A. Karpov, Elena M. Aronova, Ekaterina S. Vedernikova, Ekaterina I. Lubinskaya, Taras Y. Burak, Sergey I. Skichko, Farhad Rasulev, Ekaterina B. Soldatova, Alexander L. Fenin, Ilya I. Laptev, Elena E. Luchinkina, Alexandr Akatov, Natalia V. Polenova, Natalia N. Slavina, Irina N. Korovnika, Marina Yu Prochorova, Regina Shakirova, Elena N. Andreicheva, Olga A. Krasnova, Tinatin V. Lobzhanidze, Tatiana B. Dmitrova, Viktoriya V. Stakhiv, Maria I. Pechatnikova, Alexandra V. Panova, Maria Y. Tipikina, Oxana P. Rotar, Nikolay A. Bokovin, Saule K. Karabalieva, Farid Y. Tumarov, Elena V. Vasileva, Natalya Gennadevna Lozhkina, Ekaterina V. Filippova, Alisa I. Sharkaeva, Ekanerina V. Filippova Deilik, Natalia Yu Tolkacheva, Elena N. Domracheva, Andrey N. Ryabikov, Inga T. Abesadze, Marianna Z. Alugishvili, Elena P. Nikolaeva, Nadezda V. Smirnova, Valentina I. Rodionova, Polina V. Dolovstaya, Igor E. Yunonin, Sergey V. Kadin, Tatyana S. Sveklina, Anna V. Bushmanova, Elena L. Barkova, Irina S. Gomova, Yana V. Brytkova, Tatiana B. Ivanova, Marina Y. Zubareva, Inga Skopets, Lybov A. Galashevskaya, Emilia D. Butinskaya, Olga G. Gusarova, Natalia B. Kalishevich, Yana R. Pavlova, Marianna P Serebrenitskaya, Vitalina F. Grygorieva, Gulnara R. Kuchaeva, Inna A. Vasileva, Gulnara I. Ospanova, Yulia V. Vahrusheva, Irina A. Semenova, Irina E.E. Mikhailova, Olga O. Kvasova, Valeria D. Shurygina, Alexey E. Rivin, Alexey O. Savelyev, Alexey A. Savelyev, Olesya O. Milyaeva, Nadezhda N. Lapshina, Ninel A. Lantsova, Pavel V. Alexandrov, Evgeniy A. Orlikov, Alla Falkovskaya, Tatiana Ripp, Sergei Triss, Stanislav Pekarskiy, Sitkova Ekaterina, Evgeniya N. Zhuravleva, Olga Perova, Galina Kovaleva, Liubov Koroleva, Lydia Mishchenko, Boris P. Garshin, Svetlana A. Kutuzova, Lyudmila I. Provotorova, Igor P. Zadvorny, Olga V. Okhapkina, Anatoly O. Khrustalev, Tatiana Suvorova, Elena S. Shaf, Varvara A. Vershinina, Andrey A. Kozulin, Oxana A. Oleynik, Irina Y. Martynova, Natalia V. Kizhvatova, Alla S. Salasyuk, Vera V. Tsoma, Alla A. Ledyaeva, Elena V. Chumachek, S.C. Blignaut, Tersia Y. Alexander, Chano Du Plessis, Thirumani Govender, Samatha M. Du Toit, Leya Motala, Areesh Gassiep, Christina Naude (Smit), Marli Terblanche, Marlien Snoer (Kruger), Berenice Pillay, De Vries Basson, Marisa E. Theron, Bianca Fouche, Mareli E. Coetzee, Pieter Odendall, Frederik H. Van Wijk, Anna-Mari Conradie, Trudie Van der Westhuizen, Carine Tredoux, Mohamed S. Mookdam, Andie J. Van der Merwe, Karin Snyman, Gerda Smal, Yvonne De Jager, Thomas A. Mabin, Annusca King, Lindy L. Henley, Brenda M. Zwane, Jane Robinson, Marinda Karsten, Andonia M. Page, Valerie Nsabiyumva, Charmaine Krahenbuhl, Jaiprakash D. Patel, Yunus E. Motala, Ayesha Dawood, Nondumiso B. Koza, Lenore M.S. Peters, Shavashni Ramlachan, Wilhelm J. Bodenstein, Pierre Roux, Lizelle Fouche, Cecilia M. Boshoff, Haroon M. Mitha, Fathima Khan, Henry P. Cyster, Helen Cyster, E. C. Wessels, Florence J. Jacobs, Melanie A. Sebastian, Deborah A. Sebastian, Nadia Mahomed, Ignatius P. Immink, Celia Cotzee, Tanja Cronje, Madele Roscher, Maria Le Roux, Yvonne A. Trinder, Renata Wnętrzak-Michalska, Magdalena Piszczek, Andrzej Piela, Ewa Czernecka, Dorota Knychas, Alina Walczak, Izabella Gładysz, Katarzyna Filas, Ewelina Kiluk, Krzysztof Świgło, Iwona Jędrzejczyk, Kamila Łuczyńska, Katarzyna Tymendorf, Wojciech Piesiewicz, Wojciech L. Kinasz, Stefan Samborski, Ilona Bartuś, Gramzyna Latocha Korecka, Ewa Gulaj, Jolanta Sopa, Bogusław Derlaga, Marcin Baisiak, Allicia Kowalisko, Edyta Stainszewska-Marasazlek, Bartosz Szafran, Malgorzata Swiatkiewicz, Artur Racewicz, Sławomir Grycel, Jerzy Supronik, Sylwia Walendziuk, Magdalena Tarantowicz, Agata Stasiak, Anna Sidorowicz-Białynicka, Marek Dwojak, Ewa Jaźwińska-Tarnawska, Katarzyna Kupczyk, Kamila Martowska, Kamila Kulon, Katarzyna Gajda, Bivin Wilson, Krithika Velusamy, Swaidha S. Sadhiq, Bhavani Siddeshi, M. Bhanukumar, Abhishek Srivatsav, Madhan Ramesh, Sri Harsha Chalasani, Mini Johnson, Prashanth Gopu, Jeesa George, Sowmya Reddy, Swetha Tessy Thara Eleena, Damodara Rao Kodem, Haritha N. Nakkella, Padma Kumari Mandula, Anjan Kumar Vuriya, Syamala Rajana, Aruna Kale, Tiwari Rajeev, Raina Jain, Vipin Jain, Srilakshmi Mandayam Adhyapak, Lumin Sheeba, Uma C R, Ramya R, Aditya V. Kulkarni, M.S. Ganachari, Ruma Sambrekar, Mohammad Bilal, Kalyan Chakravarthy, Ravi Badhavath, Sravan Kumar, Meenakshi Simhadri, Farooque Salamuddin, Venkat Prasad, Vivek Dwivedi, Sudha Sarna, Tilak Arora, Deepak Chawla, Archana Sathe, Chaware Gayatree, Ajeet Nanda, Ram Avtar, Jyoti Sharma, Vaibhavi P S, Sasirekha D, Deepthi Kobbajji, Ramya Ningappa, Shwetha Shree, Chandrashekar K, Nandini M R, Sowjanya S, Devika I G, Yashaswini N, Sonika G, Rathna L, Priyanka R, Rupal J. Shrimanker, Lakshmi Vinutha Reddy, K. Sumathi, Babitha Devi, Bina N. Naik, Rohini Manjunath, Rajeshwari Ashok, Tony V. Kunjumon, Jesline Thomas, Shaik Samdhani, Kasthuri Selvam, Poongothai Subramani, Nandakumar Parthasarathy, Nirmal K. Bohra, Anvesh K. Gatla, Cheryl Horbatuk, Julie Sills, E B. Davey, Liz Paramonczyk, Olga Racanelli, Sandy Strybosch, Andre Belanger, Jean Palardy, Alicia Schiffrin, Sylvie Gauthier, Norman Kalyniuk, Shawn D. Whatley, Heather Lappala, Grishma Patel, Matthew Reeve, Catherine Moran, Jody Everitt, Teresa Ferrari, Christine Bouffard, Jirir Frohlich, Gordon Francis, John Mancini, Gregory Bondy, Debbie DeAngelis, Patricia Fulton, David W. Blank, Angela Lombardo, Mylène Roy, Jackie Chow, Hyman Fox, William J. Grootendorst, Angela Hutchinson, Sharon M. Chan, Christie Fitzgerald, Lynn Wilkins, Rebecca L. Raymond, Arlene Reyes, Lavoie Marc André, Denis Fortin, Hélène Ouimet, Thanh-Thao Tôn-Nu, Martine Dussureault, Marie-Hélène Blain, Madeleine Roy, Nathalie Kopajko, Chantal Fleury, Karine Maheux, Gabriela Valentina Ciobotaru, Maria C. Constantinescu, Carmen-Lucia Gherghinescu, Ana-Maria Avram, Ioan Manitiu, Aura Sinpetrean, Lucian Pop, Delia Lupu, Radu Usvat, Ana Petrisor, Nicoleta Dumitru, Camelia Moruju, Adelina Gheorghita, Magda V. Mitu, Cosmin Macarie, Ana Maria Pop, Maria-Catalina Diaconu, Iulia Grancea, Mihaela Cosma, Mihaela Crisan, Elizabeth Herron, Paul Nestel, Sally B. Kay, Kaye S. Carter, Imran Badshah, Ashley Makepeace, Jocelyn Drinkwater, Michelle England, Azette Rafei, Kylie Patterson, Alicia Jenkins, Sybil McAuley, Sue M. Kent, Joy E. Vibert, Leonie Perrett, Thomas David, Samantha L. Kaye, Monika O’Connor, Nimalie J. Perera, Nicole T. Lai, Kerry A. Kearins, Christinia Dicamillo, Heather Anderson, Louise Ferguson, Sharon D. Radtke, Charles T. Thamarappillil, Janice M. Boys, Anita K. Long, Toni Shanahan, Michael Nyguyen, Nicole Forrest, Gill Tulloch, Della Greenwell, Sarah L. Price, Aye N. Tint, Priya K. Sumithran, Tamara L. Debreceni, Lisa Walker, Mary Caruana, Kira Edwards, Maria Stathopoulos, Cilla Haywood, Dimitar Sajkov, Sharen Pringle, Anne Tabner, Kathrina Bartolay, Chamindi Abeyratne, Kylie Bragg, Patrick Mulhern, Peter Purnell, Lyn Williams, Jane Hamlyn, Aurelia Connelly, Jan Hoffman, Samantha Bailey, Jane Kerr, Zarnia Morrison, Sarah Maeder, Roberta McEwan, Prasanna Kunasekera, Patrice McGregor, Jo Young, Sharon Berry, Rick Cutfield, Michelle Choe, Catherine McNamara, Narrinder K. Shergill, Petra Crone, Miles G. Williams, Keith Dyson, Diana H. Schmid, Audrey C. Doak, Melissa Spooner, Colin Edwards, Anne Turner, Grainne M. McAnnalley, Raewyn A. Fisher, Fraser B. Hamilton, Denis H. Friedlander, Melissa R. Kirk, Jayne E. Scales, Marguerite A. McLelland, Neelam A. Dalman, Cathy E. Vickers, Carolyn Jackson, Wendy Coleman, Phillip I. Garden, and Wendy F. Arnold

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Rate ratio, Double-Blind Method, Ischemia, Risk Factors, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Coronary Artery Bypass, Stroke, Aged, business.industry, Unstable angina, Hazard ratio, Absolute risk reduction, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Number needed to treat, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

Background: Despite advances in surgery and pharmacotherapy, there remains significant residual ischemic risk after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Methods: In REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl–Intervention Trial), a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, statin-treated patients with controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia were randomized to 4 g daily of icosapent ethyl or placebo. They experienced a 25% reduction in risk of a primary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina) and a 26% reduction in risk of a key secondary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) when compared with placebo. The current analysis reports on the subgroup of patients from the trial with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting. Results: Of the 8179 patients randomized in REDUCE-IT, a total of 1837 (22.5%) had a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, with 897 patients randomized to icosapent ethyl and 940 to placebo. Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups. Randomization to icosapent ethyl was associated with a significant reduction in the primary end point (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76 [95% CI, 0.63–0.92]; P =0.004), in the key secondary end point (HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.56–0.87]; P =0.001), and in total (first plus subsequent or recurrent) ischemic events (rate ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.50–0.81]; P =0.0002) compared with placebo. This yielded an absolute risk reduction of 6.2% (95% CI, 2.3%–10.2%) in first events, with a number needed to treat of 16 (95% CI, 10–44) during a median follow-up time of 4.8 years. Safety findings were similar to the overall study: beyond an increased rate of atrial fibrillation/flutter requiring hospitalization for at least 24 hours (5.0% vs 3.1%; P =0.03) and a nonsignificant increase in bleeding, occurrences of adverse events were comparable between groups. Conclusions: In REDUCE-IT patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, treatment with icosapent ethyl was associated with significant reductions in first and recurrent ischemic events. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01492361.

Published
2021
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5. May Measurement Month 2019: The Global Blood Pressure Screening Campaign of the International Society of Hypertension

Author

Beaney, Thomas, Schutte, Aletta E, Stergiou, George S, Borghi, Claudio, Burger, Dylan, Charchar, Fadi, Cro, Suzie, Diaz, Alejandro, Damasceno, Albertino, Espeche, Walter, Jose, Arun Pulikkottil, Khan, Nadia, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Maheshwari, Anuj, Marin, Marcos J, More, Arun, Neupane, Dinesh, Nilsson, Peter, Patil, Mansi, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Ramirez, Agustin, Rodriguez, Pablo, Schlaich, Markus, Steckelings, Ulrike M, Tomaszewski, Maciej, Unger, Thomas, Wainford, Richard, Wang, Jiguang, Williams, Bryan, Poulter, Neil R, Michael H Olsen, Kristin T West-Gustave, Phillip D Levy, Vivian W. Y. Lee, Kenneth L Connell, Naima N. H. Hammoudi, Pascal Bovet, Bharathi Viswanathan, Sabine Perl, Bernard K Kramer, Adrian J. B. Brady, Olulola O Oladapo, Jephat Chifamba, Dejuma Y Goshu, Desalew M Kassie, Sintayehu A Gebru, Toure A Ibrahim, Soumana Kabirou, Elham Tavassoli, Mahsa Zolfaghari, Vahideh Yavari, Larysa Mishchenko, Olena Matova, Tetiana Kolenyk, Liliiya Zelenenka, Sergiy Fedorov, Maria Dorobantu, Alexandra Paval, Jesse Bittman, Biri Mangat, Sarah Melville, Alexander Leung, Neusa Jessen, Eamon Dolan, Hiroshi N. A. Itoh, Atul Pathak, Tine L. M. De Backer, Arman S Postadzhiyan, Osiris V Valoy-Tiburcio, Angel R Gonzalez-Medina, Laura G Valdez-Valoy, Fernando S Wyss, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Sunil K Nadar, Ana I Barrientos, Chukwuemeka R Nwokocha, Magdalene I Nwokocha, Dean Picone, Jun Yang, Yook C Chia, Siew M Ching, Bertrand F Ellenga Mbolla, Christian M Kouala Landa, Corine Y Houehanou, Kolawole W Wahab, Ayodele B Omotoso, Jose Ortellado, Graciela Gonzales, Luis M Ruilope, Enrique Rodilla, Ana Molinero, Angela J Woodiwiss, Ane Orchard, Ruan Kruger, Jana Brguljan, Nina Bozic, Aleksandra O Konradi, Oxana P Rotar, Irian Chazova, Tiny K Masupe, John T Tlhakanelo, Keneilwe Motlhatlhedi, George Stergiou, Michalis Doumas, Pantelis Zebekakis, Francesco P Cappuccio, Carolina Barciela, Tricia Tay, Naranjargal Dashdorj, Khulan Tuvdendarjaa, Khatantuul Boldbaatar, Fernando T Lanas, Melanie Paccot, Mohammed Ishaq, Saulat Sidique, Feroz Memon, Robert N Najem, Ali K Abu Alfa, Samir M. J. Mallat, Jacek J Jozwiak, Maciej Banach, Piotr Janowski, Betty Twumasi-Ankrah, Gustavus A Myers-Hansen, Elliot K Tannor, Marisa F Neto, Sudhirsen Kowlessur, Bhooshun Ori, Jaysing Heecharan, Hatem A Fageh, Hawa A Derbi, Omara M Msalam, Fastone M Goma, Charity Syatalimi, Penias Jr Tembo, Musawa Mukupa, Henry L Ndhlovu, Maureen L Chirwa, Mary M Mbeba, Parounak H Zelveian, Zoya N Hakobyan, Svetlana Gourgenyan, Myeong-Chan Cho, Hae-Young Lee, Jinho Shin, Gianfranco Parati, Guido Grassi, Claudio Ferri, Bezhan Tsinamdzgvrishvili, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Dali Trapaidze, Eduardo C. D. Barbosa, Weimar S Barroso, Audes M Feitosa, Vanda M Azevedo, Luis A Dias, Glenda N Garcia, Isaulina Delgado, Genc Burazeri, Gentiana Qirjako, Alban Ylli, Rudina Cumashi, Antonieta P Costantini-Olmos, Igor Morr, Elias Chuki, Tzung-Dau Wang, Wen-Jone Chen, Hung-Ju Lin, Fazila-Tun-Nesa Malik, Sohel R Choudhury, Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun, Mir Ishraquzzaman, Ghadeer S Aljuraiban, Fatima Y Al Slail, Shatha K Aldhwailea, Ann A Badawi, Nguyen L Viet, Hoang A Tien, Nguyen T. A. Dong, Cao T Sinh, Huynh V Minh, Tran K Son, Fortunat K Katamba, Nathan B Buila, Anastase Dzudie, Samuel Kingue, Njume Epie, Armel Njomou, Marie S Ndom, Afzalhussein M Yusufali, Nooshin M Bazargani, Buthaina A. Bin Belaila, Amrish Agrawal, Aisha M Suhail, Elijah N Ogola, Bernard M Gitura, Lilian Mbau, Hellen K Nguchu, Felix A Barasa, Enrique Gomez, Luis A Alcocer, Martin Rosas, Silvia Palomo, Alfredo J Estrada, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Gregorio Sanchez-Vallejo, Maria E Casanova, Edgar Arcos, Gustavo Aroca, Bhagawan Koirala, Harikrishna Bhattarai, Ghanashyam Pandey, Surya Devkota, Sweta Koirala, Kamal Ranabhat, Pratik Khanal, Tara B Adhikari, Dolores D Bonzon, Deborah Ignacia D Ona, Leilani M Asis, Benjamin A Balmores Jr, Rafael C Castillo, Diego J Stisman, Walter G Espeche, Marcos J Marin, Irene L Ennis, Xin Chen, Hongyu Wang, Min Liu, Xinhua Yin, Xiaolong Wang, Sandeep Bhalla, Priyanka Gupta, Narsingh Verma, Bal K Gupta, Shehla Sheikh, Gregoire Wuerzner, Laura Garré, José Boggia, Dédonougbo M Houenassi, José A OctavioSeijas, Jean-René M'buyamba-Kabangu, Trésor M Tshiswaka, Dénes Páll, Zoltán Járai, Rafael Hernández, Fortunato Garcia Vásquez, Jesús A Lopez-Rivera, Monica L Gúzman-Franolic, Savarino Victoria Pereira, Mário J Fernandes, Maria S Garcia, Teresa Gijon, Vitoria V. B. Meira Da Cunha, Beaney T, Schutte AE, Stergiou GS, Borghi C, Burger D, Charchar F, Cro S, Diaz A, Damasceno A, Espeche W, Jose AP, Khan N, Kokubo Y, Maheshwari A, Marin MJ, More A, Neupane D, Nilsson P, Patil M, Prabhakaran D, Ramirez A, Rodriguez P, Schlaich M, Steckelings UM, Tomaszewski M, Unger T, Wainford R, Wang J, Williams B, Poulter NR, Thomas, B, Aletta E, S, George S, S, Claudio, B, Dylan, B, Fadi, C, Suzie, C, Alejandro, D, Albertino, D, Walter, E, Arun Pulikkottil, J, Nadia, K, Yoshihiro, K, Anuj, M, Marcos J, M, Arun, M, Dinesh, N, Peter, N, Mansi, P, Dorairaj, P, Agustin, R, Pablo, R, Markus, S, Ulrike M, S, Maciej, T, Thomas, U, Richard, W, Jiguang, W, Bryan, W, Neil R, P, H Olsen, M, T West-Gustave, K, D Levy, P, Lee, V, L Connell, K, Hammoudi, N, Bovet, P, Viswanathan, B, Perl, S, K Kramer, B, Brady, A, O Oladapo, O, Chifamba, J, Y Goshu, D, M Kassie, D, A Gebru, S, A Ibrahim, T, Kabirou, S, Tavassoli, E, Zolfaghari, M, Yavari, V, Mishchenko, L, Matova, O, Kolenyk, T, Zelenenka, L, Fedorov, S, Dorobantu, M, Paval, A, Bittman, J, Mangat, B, Melville, S, Leung, A, Jessen, N, Dolan, E, Itoh, H, Pathak, A, De Backer, T, S Postadzhiyan, A, V Valoy-Tiburcio, O, R Gonzalez-Medina, A, G Valdez-Valoy, L, S Wyss, F, Mirrakhimov, E, K Nadar, S, I Barrientos, A, R Nwokocha, C, I Nwokocha, M, Picone, D, Yang, J, C Chia, Y, M Ching, S, F Ellenga Mbolla, B, M Kouala Landa, C, Y Houehanou, C, W Wahab, K, B Omotoso, A, Ortellado, J, Gonzales, G, M Ruilope, L, Rodilla, E, Molinero, A, J Woodiwiss, A, Orchard, A, Kruger, R, Brguljan, J, Bozic, N, O Konradi, A, P Rotar, O, Chazova, I, K Masupe, T, T Tlhakanelo, J, Motlhatlhedi, K, Stergiou, G, Doumas, M, Zebekakis, P, P Cappuccio, F, Barciela, C, Tay, T, Dashdorj, N, Tuvdendarjaa, K, Boldbaatar, K, T Lanas, F, Paccot, M, Ishaq, M, Sidique, S, Memon, F, N Najem, R, K Abu Alfa, A, Mallat, S, J Jozwiak, J, Banach, M, Janowski, P, Twumasi-Ankrah, B, A Myers-Hansen, G, K Tannor, E, F Neto, M, Kowlessur, S, Ori, B, Heecharan, J, A Fageh, H, A Derbi, H, M Msalam, O, M Goma, F, Syatalimi, C, Jr Tembo, P, Mukupa, M, L Ndhlovu, H, L Chirwa, M, M Mbeba, M, H Zelveian, P, N Hakobyan, Z, Gourgenyan, S, Cho, M, Lee, H, Shin, J, Parati, G, Grassi, G, Ferri, C, Tsinamdzgvrishvili, B, Gamkrelidze, A, Trapaidze, D, Barbosa, E, S Barroso, W, M Feitosa, A, M Azevedo, V, A Dias, L, N Garcia, G, Delgado, I, Burazeri, G, Qirjako, G, Ylli, A, Cumashi, R, P Costantini-Olmos, A, Morr, I, Chuki, E, Wang, T, Chen, W, Lin, H, Malik, F, R Choudhury, S, Abdullah Al Mamun, M, Ishraquzzaman, M, S Aljuraiban, G, Y Al Slail, F, K Aldhwailea, S, A Badawi, A, L Viet, N, A Tien, H, Dong, N, T Sinh, C, V Minh, H, K Son, T, K Katamba, F, B Buila, N, Dzudie, A, Kingue, S, Epie, N, Njomou, A, S Ndom, M, M Yusufali, A, M Bazargani, N, Bin Belaila, B, Agrawal, A, M Suhail, A, N Ogola, E, M Gitura, B, Mbau, L, K Nguchu, H, A Barasa, F, Gomez, E, A Alcocer, L, Rosas, M, Palomo, S, J Estrada, A, Lopez-Jaramillo, P, Sanchez-Vallejo, G, E Casanova, M, Arcos, E, Aroca, G, Koirala, B, Bhattarai, H, Pandey, G, Devkota, S, Koirala, S, Ranabhat, K, Khanal, P, B Adhikari, T, D Bonzon, D, D Ona, D, M Asis, L, A Balmores Jr, B, C Castillo, R, J Stisman, D, G Espeche, W, J Marin, M, L Ennis, I, Chen, X, Wang, H, Liu, M, Yin, X, Wang, X, Bhalla, S, Gupta, P, Verma, N, K Gupta, B, Sheikh, S, Wuerzner, G, Garré, L, Boggia, J, M Houenassi, D, A OctavioSeijas, J, M'buyamba-Kabangu, J, M Tshiswaka, T, Páll, D, Járai, Z, Hernández, R, Garcia Vásquez, F, A Lopez-Rivera, J, L Gúzman-Franolic, M, Victoria Pereira, S, J Fernandes, M, S Garcia, M, Gijon, T, Meira Da Cunha, V, and RS: CARIM other

Subjects
Male, Population level, Comorbidity, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 0302 clinical medicine, Prevalence, adults, Medicine, Mass Screening, awareness, 030212 general & internal medicine, 1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Aged, 80 and over, Aspirin, treatment, adults, awareness, blood pressure, hypertension, risk factor, screening, treatment, blood pressure, Middle Aged, Lifestyle factors, risk factor, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, hypertension, Adolescent, awarene, Opportunistic Sampling, Elevated blood, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Internal Medicine, Humans, Risk factor, Antihypertensive Agents, Aged, Science & Technology, business.industry, screening, Blood Pressure Determination, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Mean blood pressure, Blood pressure, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Emergency medicine, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, business, MMM Investigators
Abstract

Elevated blood pressure remains the single biggest risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease and mortality. May Measurement Month is an annual global screening campaign aiming to improve awareness of blood pressure at the individual and population level. Adults ({greater than or equal to}18 years) recruited through opportunistic sampling were screened at sites in 92 countries during May 2019. Ideally three blood pressure readings were measured for each participant, and data on lifestyle factors and co-morbidities were collected. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP {greater than or equal to} 140 mmHg, and/or a diastolic BP {greater than or equal to} 90 mmHg (mean of the second and third readings) or taking antihypertensive medication. When necessary, multiple imputation was used to estimate participants' mean blood pressure. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate associations between blood pressure and participant characteristics. Of 1,508,130 screenees 482,273 (32.0%) had never had a blood pressure measurement before and 513,337 (34.0%) had hypertension, of whom 58.7% were aware and 54.7% were on antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 57.8% were controlled to

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. May measurement month 2019: The global blood pressure screening campaign of the international society of hypertension

Author

Thomas, B, Aletta E, S, George S, S, Claudio, B, Dylan, B, Fadi, C, Suzie, C, Alejandro, D, Albertino, D, Walter, E, Arun Pulikkottil, J, Nadia, K, Yoshihiro, K, Anuj, M, Marcos J, M, Arun, M, Dinesh, N, Peter, N, Mansi, P, Dorairaj, P, Agustin, R, Pablo, R, Markus, S, Ulrike M, S, Maciej, T, Thomas, U, Richard, W, Jiguang, W, Bryan, W, Neil R, P, H Olsen, M, T West-Gustave, K, D Levy, P, Lee, V, L Connell, K, Hammoudi, N, Bovet, P, Viswanathan, B, Perl, S, K Kramer, B, Brady, A, O Oladapo, O, Chifamba, J, Y Goshu, D, M Kassie, D, A Gebru, S, A Ibrahim, T, Kabirou, S, Tavassoli, E, Zolfaghari, M, Yavari, V, Mishchenko, L, Matova, O, Kolenyk, T, Zelenenka, L, Fedorov, S, Dorobantu, M, Paval, A, Bittman, J, Mangat, B, Melville, S, Leung, A, Jessen, N, Dolan, E, Itoh, H, Pathak, A, De Backer, T, S Postadzhiyan, A, V Valoy-Tiburcio, O, R Gonzalez-Medina, A, G Valdez-Valoy, L, S Wyss, F, Mirrakhimov, E, K Nadar, S, I Barrientos, A, R Nwokocha, C, I Nwokocha, M, Picone, D, Yang, J, C Chia, Y, M Ching, S, F Ellenga Mbolla, B, M Kouala Landa, C, Y Houehanou, C, W Wahab, K, B Omotoso, A, Ortellado, J, Gonzales, G, M Ruilope, L, Rodilla, E, Molinero, A, J Woodiwiss, A, Orchard, A, Kruger, R, Brguljan, J, Bozic, N, O Konradi, A, P Rotar, O, Chazova, I, K Masupe, T, T Tlhakanelo, J, Motlhatlhedi, K, Stergiou, G, Doumas, M, Zebekakis, P, P Cappuccio, F, Barciela, C, Tay, T, Dashdorj, N, Tuvdendarjaa, K, Boldbaatar, K, T Lanas, F, Paccot, M, Ishaq, M, Sidique, S, Memon, F, N Najem, R, K Abu Alfa, A, Mallat, S, J Jozwiak, J, Banach, M, Janowski, P, Twumasi-Ankrah, B, A Myers-Hansen, G, K Tannor, E, F Neto, M, Kowlessur, S, Ori, B, Heecharan, J, A Fageh, H, A Derbi, H, M Msalam, O, M Goma, F, Syatalimi, C, Jr Tembo, P, Mukupa, M, L Ndhlovu, H, L Chirwa, M, M Mbeba, M, H Zelveian, P, N Hakobyan, Z, Gourgenyan, S, Cho, M, Lee, H, Shin, J, Parati, G, Grassi, G, Ferri, C, Tsinamdzgvrishvili, B, Gamkrelidze, A, Trapaidze, D, Barbosa, E, S Barroso, W, M Feitosa, A, M Azevedo, V, A Dias, L, N Garcia, G, Delgado, I, Burazeri, G, Qirjako, G, Ylli, A, Cumashi, R, P Costantini-Olmos, A, Morr, I, Chuki, E, Wang, T, Chen, W, Lin, H, Malik, F, R Choudhury, S, Abdullah Al Mamun, M, Ishraquzzaman, M, S Aljuraiban, G, Y Al Slail, F, K Aldhwailea, S, A Badawi, A, L Viet, N, A Tien, H, Dong, N, T Sinh, C, V Minh, H, K Son, T, K Katamba, F, B Buila, N, Dzudie, A, Kingue, S, Epie, N, Njomou, A, S Ndom, M, M Yusufali, A, M Bazargani, N, Bin Belaila, B, Agrawal, A, M Suhail, A, N Ogola, E, M Gitura, B, Mbau, L, K Nguchu, H, A Barasa, F, Gomez, E, A Alcocer, L, Rosas, M, Palomo, S, J Estrada, A, Lopez-Jaramillo, P, Sanchez-Vallejo, G, E Casanova, M, Arcos, E, Aroca, G, Koirala, B, Bhattarai, H, Pandey, G, Devkota, S, Koirala, S, Ranabhat, K, Khanal, P, B Adhikari, T, D Bonzon, D, D Ona, D, M Asis, L, A Balmores Jr, B, C Castillo, R, J Stisman, D, G Espeche, W, J Marin, M, L Ennis, I, Chen, X, Wang, H, Liu, M, Yin, X, Wang, X, Bhalla, S, Gupta, P, Verma, N, K Gupta, B, Sheikh, S, Wuerzner, G, Garré, L, Boggia, J, M Houenassi, D, A OctavioSeijas, J, M'buyamba-Kabangu, J, M Tshiswaka, T, Páll, D, Járai, Z, Hernández, R, Garcia Vásquez, F, A Lopez-Rivera, J, L Gúzman-Franolic, M, Victoria Pereira, S, J Fernandes, M, S Garcia, M, Gijon, T, Meira Da Cunha, V, Beaney, Thomas, Schutte, Aletta E, Stergiou, George S, Borghi, Claudio, Burger, Dylan, Charchar, Fadi, Cro, Suzie, Diaz, Alejandro, Damasceno, Albertino, Espeche, Walter, Jose, Arun Pulikkottil, Khan, Nadia, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Maheshwari, Anuj, Marin, Marcos J, More, Arun, Neupane, Dinesh, Nilsson, Peter, Patil, Mansi, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Ramirez, Agustin, Rodriguez, Pablo, Schlaich, Markus, Steckelings, Ulrike M, Tomaszewski, Maciej, Unger, Thomas, Wainford, Richard, Wang, Jiguang, Williams, Bryan, Poulter, Neil R, Michael H Olsen, Kristin T West-Gustave, Phillip D Levy, Vivian W. Y. Lee, Kenneth L Connell, Naima N. H. Hammoudi, Pascal Bovet, Bharathi Viswanathan, Sabine Perl, Bernard K Kramer, Adrian J. B. Brady, Olulola O Oladapo, Jephat Chifamba, Dejuma Y Goshu, Desalew M Kassie, Sintayehu A Gebru, Toure A Ibrahim, Soumana Kabirou, Elham Tavassoli, Mahsa Zolfaghari, Vahideh Yavari, Larysa Mishchenko, Olena Matova, Tetiana Kolenyk, Liliiya Zelenenka, Sergiy Fedorov, Maria Dorobantu, Alexandra Paval, Jesse Bittman, Biri Mangat, Sarah Melville, Alexander Leung, Neusa Jessen, Eamon Dolan, Hiroshi N. A. Itoh, Atul Pathak, Tine L. M. De Backer, Arman S Postadzhiyan, Osiris V Valoy-Tiburcio, Angel R Gonzalez-Medina, Laura G Valdez-Valoy, Fernando S Wyss, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Sunil K Nadar, Ana I Barrientos, Chukwuemeka R Nwokocha, Magdalene I Nwokocha, Dean Picone, Jun Yang, Yook C Chia, Siew M Ching, Bertrand F Ellenga Mbolla, Christian M Kouala Landa, Corine Y Houehanou, Kolawole W Wahab, Ayodele B Omotoso, Jose Ortellado, Graciela Gonzales, Luis M Ruilope, Enrique Rodilla, Ana Molinero, Angela J Woodiwiss, Ane Orchard, Ruan Kruger, Jana Brguljan, Nina Bozic, Aleksandra O Konradi, Oxana P Rotar, Irian Chazova, Tiny K Masupe, John T Tlhakanelo, Keneilwe Motlhatlhedi, George Stergiou, Michalis Doumas, Pantelis Zebekakis, Francesco P Cappuccio, Carolina Barciela, Tricia Tay, Naranjargal Dashdorj, Khulan Tuvdendarjaa, Khatantuul Boldbaatar, Fernando T Lanas, Melanie Paccot, Mohammed Ishaq, Saulat Sidique, Feroz Memon, Robert N Najem, Ali K Abu Alfa, Samir M. J. Mallat, Jacek J Jozwiak, Maciej Banach, Piotr Janowski, Betty Twumasi-Ankrah, Gustavus A Myers-Hansen, Elliot K Tannor, Marisa F Neto, Sudhirsen Kowlessur, Bhooshun Ori, Jaysing Heecharan, Hatem A Fageh, Hawa A Derbi, Omara M Msalam, Fastone M Goma, Charity Syatalimi, Penias Jr Tembo, Musawa Mukupa, Henry L Ndhlovu, Maureen L Chirwa, Mary M Mbeba, Parounak H Zelveian, Zoya N Hakobyan, Svetlana Gourgenyan, Myeong-Chan Cho, Hae-Young Lee, Jinho Shin, Gianfranco Parati, Guido Grassi, Claudio Ferri, Bezhan Tsinamdzgvrishvili, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Dali Trapaidze, Eduardo C. D. Barbosa, Weimar S Barroso, Audes M Feitosa, Vanda M Azevedo, Luis A Dias, Glenda N Garcia, Isaulina Delgado, Genc Burazeri, Gentiana Qirjako, Alban Ylli, Rudina Cumashi, Antonieta P Costantini-Olmos, Igor Morr, Elias Chuki, Tzung-Dau Wang, Wen-Jone Chen, Hung-Ju Lin, Fazila-Tun-Nesa Malik, Sohel R Choudhury, Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun, Mir Ishraquzzaman, Ghadeer S Aljuraiban, Fatima Y Al Slail, Shatha K Aldhwailea, Ann A Badawi, Nguyen L Viet, Hoang A Tien, Nguyen T. A. Dong, Cao T Sinh, Huynh V Minh, Tran K Son, Fortunat K Katamba, Nathan B Buila, Anastase Dzudie, Samuel Kingue, Njume Epie, Armel Njomou, Marie S Ndom, Afzalhussein M Yusufali, Nooshin M Bazargani, Buthaina A. Bin Belaila, Amrish Agrawal, Aisha M Suhail, Elijah N Ogola, Bernard M Gitura, Lilian Mbau, Hellen K Nguchu, Felix A Barasa, Enrique Gomez, Luis A Alcocer, Martin Rosas, Silvia Palomo, Alfredo J Estrada, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Gregorio Sanchez-Vallejo, Maria E Casanova, Edgar Arcos, Gustavo Aroca, Bhagawan Koirala, Harikrishna Bhattarai, Ghanashyam Pandey, Surya Devkota, Sweta Koirala, Kamal Ranabhat, Pratik Khanal, Tara B Adhikari, Dolores D Bonzon, Deborah Ignacia D Ona, Leilani M Asis, Benjamin A Balmores Jr, Rafael C Castillo, Diego J Stisman, Walter G Espeche, Marcos J Marin, Irene L Ennis, Xin Chen, Hongyu Wang, Min Liu, Xinhua Yin, Xiaolong Wang, Sandeep Bhalla, Priyanka Gupta, Narsingh Verma, Bal K Gupta, Shehla Sheikh, Gregoire Wuerzner, Laura Garré, José Boggia, Dédonougbo M Houenassi, José A OctavioSeijas, Jean-René M'buyamba-Kabangu, Trésor M Tshiswaka, Dénes Páll, Zoltán Járai, Rafael Hernández, Fortunato Garcia Vásquez, Jesús A Lopez-Rivera, Monica L Gúzman-Franolic, Savarino Victoria Pereira, Mário J Fernandes, Maria S Garcia, Teresa Gijon, Vitoria V. B. 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Y. Lee, Kenneth L Connell, Naima N. H. Hammoudi, Pascal Bovet, Bharathi Viswanathan, Sabine Perl, Bernard K Kramer, Adrian J. B. Brady, Olulola O Oladapo, Jephat Chifamba, Dejuma Y Goshu, Desalew M Kassie, Sintayehu A Gebru, Toure A Ibrahim, Soumana Kabirou, Elham Tavassoli, Mahsa Zolfaghari, Vahideh Yavari, Larysa Mishchenko, Olena Matova, Tetiana Kolenyk, Liliiya Zelenenka, Sergiy Fedorov, Maria Dorobantu, Alexandra Paval, Jesse Bittman, Biri Mangat, Sarah Melville, Alexander Leung, Neusa Jessen, Eamon Dolan, Hiroshi N. A. Itoh, Atul Pathak, Tine L. M. De Backer, Arman S Postadzhiyan, Osiris V Valoy-Tiburcio, Angel R Gonzalez-Medina, Laura G Valdez-Valoy, Fernando S Wyss, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Sunil K Nadar, Ana I Barrientos, Chukwuemeka R Nwokocha, Magdalene I Nwokocha, Dean Picone, Jun Yang, Yook C Chia, Siew M Ching, Bertrand F Ellenga Mbolla, Christian M Kouala Landa, Corine Y Houehanou, Kolawole W Wahab, Ayodele B Omotoso, Jose Ortellado, Graciela Gonzales, Luis M Ruilope, Enrique Rodilla, Ana Molinero, Angela J Woodiwiss, Ane Orchard, Ruan Kruger, Jana Brguljan, Nina Bozic, Aleksandra O Konradi, Oxana P Rotar, Irian Chazova, Tiny K Masupe, John T Tlhakanelo, Keneilwe Motlhatlhedi, George Stergiou, Michalis Doumas, Pantelis Zebekakis, Francesco P Cappuccio, Carolina Barciela, Tricia Tay, Naranjargal Dashdorj, Khulan Tuvdendarjaa, Khatantuul Boldbaatar, Fernando T Lanas, Melanie Paccot, Mohammed Ishaq, Saulat Sidique, Feroz Memon, Robert N Najem, Ali K Abu Alfa, Samir M. J. Mallat, Jacek J Jozwiak, Maciej Banach, Piotr Janowski, Betty Twumasi-Ankrah, Gustavus A Myers-Hansen, Elliot K Tannor, Marisa F Neto, Sudhirsen Kowlessur, Bhooshun Ori, Jaysing Heecharan, Hatem A Fageh, Hawa A Derbi, Omara M Msalam, Fastone M Goma, Charity Syatalimi, Penias Jr Tembo, Musawa Mukupa, Henry L Ndhlovu, Maureen L Chirwa, Mary M Mbeba, Parounak H Zelveian, Zoya N Hakobyan, Svetlana Gourgenyan, Myeong-Chan Cho, Hae-Young Lee, Jinho Shin, Gianfranco Parati, Guido Grassi, Claudio Ferri, Bezhan Tsinamdzgvrishvili, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Dali Trapaidze, Eduardo C. D. Barbosa, Weimar S Barroso, Audes M Feitosa, Vanda M Azevedo, Luis A Dias, Glenda N Garcia, Isaulina Delgado, Genc Burazeri, Gentiana Qirjako, Alban Ylli, Rudina Cumashi, Antonieta P Costantini-Olmos, Igor Morr, Elias Chuki, Tzung-Dau Wang, Wen-Jone Chen, Hung-Ju Lin, Fazila-Tun-Nesa Malik, Sohel R Choudhury, Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun, Mir Ishraquzzaman, Ghadeer S Aljuraiban, Fatima Y Al Slail, Shatha K Aldhwailea, Ann A Badawi, Nguyen L Viet, Hoang A Tien, Nguyen T. A. Dong, Cao T Sinh, Huynh V Minh, Tran K Son, Fortunat K Katamba, Nathan B Buila, Anastase Dzudie, Samuel Kingue, Njume Epie, Armel Njomou, Marie S Ndom, Afzalhussein M Yusufali, Nooshin M Bazargani, Buthaina A. Bin Belaila, Amrish Agrawal, Aisha M Suhail, Elijah N Ogola, Bernard M Gitura, Lilian Mbau, Hellen K Nguchu, Felix A Barasa, Enrique Gomez, Luis A Alcocer, Martin Rosas, Silvia Palomo, Alfredo J Estrada, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Gregorio Sanchez-Vallejo, Maria E Casanova, Edgar Arcos, Gustavo Aroca, Bhagawan Koirala, Harikrishna Bhattarai, Ghanashyam Pandey, Surya Devkota, Sweta Koirala, Kamal Ranabhat, Pratik Khanal, Tara B Adhikari, Dolores D Bonzon, Deborah Ignacia D Ona, Leilani M Asis, Benjamin A Balmores Jr, Rafael C Castillo, Diego J Stisman, Walter G Espeche, Marcos J Marin, Irene L Ennis, Xin Chen, Hongyu Wang, Min Liu, Xinhua Yin, Xiaolong Wang, Sandeep Bhalla, Priyanka Gupta, Narsingh Verma, Bal K Gupta, Shehla Sheikh, Gregoire Wuerzner, Laura Garré, José Boggia, Dédonougbo M Houenassi, José A OctavioSeijas, Jean-René M'buyamba-Kabangu, Trésor M Tshiswaka, Dénes Páll, Zoltán Járai, Rafael Hernández, Fortunato Garcia Vásquez, Jesús A Lopez-Rivera, Monica L Gúzman-Franolic, Savarino Victoria Pereira, Mário J Fernandes, Maria S Garcia, Teresa Gijon, and Vitoria V. B. Meira Da Cunha

Abstract

Elevated blood pressure remains the single biggest risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease and mortality. May Measurement Month is an annual global screening campaign aiming to improve awareness of blood pressure at the individual and population level. Adults (≥18 years) recruited through opportunistic sampling were screened at sites in 92 countries during May 2019. Ideally, 3 blood pressure readings were measured for each participant, and data on lifestyle factors and comorbidities were collected. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg (mean of the second and third readings) or taking antihypertensive medication. When necessary, multiple imputation was used to estimate participants' mean blood pressure. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate associations between blood pressure and participant characteristics. Of 1 508 130 screenees 482 273 (32.0%) had never had a blood pressure measurement before and 513 337 (34.0%) had hypertension, of whom 58.7% were aware, and 54.7% were on antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 57.8% were controlled to <140/90 mm Hg, and 28.9% to <130/80 mm Hg. Of all those with hypertension, 31.7% were controlled to <140/90 mm Hg, and 350 825 (23.3%) participants had untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. Of those taking antihypertensive medication, half were taking only a single drug, and 25% reported using aspirin inappropriately. This survey is the largest ever synchronized and standardized contemporary compilation of global blood pressure data. This campaign is needed as a temporary substitute for systematic blood pressure screening in many countries worldwide.

Published
2020

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