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Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ackground. Some studies have shown that Spirulina has biological properties exerting beneficial effects on human health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Spirulina supplementation on serum glucose, lipid parameters, and oxidative stress markers in male rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide–induced T2DM. Methods. In this experimental study, rats with diabetes were divided into six groups: healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic-metformin, diabetic-Spirulina 100 mg/dL, diabetic-Spirulina 200 mg/dL, and healthy control-Spirulina 200 mg/d. At the end of the study (28 days), the blood samples were collected, and the fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined. Results. Significant reductions (P<0.001) were found in serum level of FBG in Metformin and Spirulina 100 mg/kg compared with diabetic control group. The groups were different regarding the serum levels of HDL-C post-intervention. ANOVA analysis also showed significant differences between the Spirulina 100 mg/kg or Metformin group and diabetic control group regarding the serum level of MDA (P<0.05). Conclusion. Spirulina at a dose of 100 mg/kg may have contributed to controlling the fasting blood glucose and oxidative stress. Practical Implications . Our study results suggested that Spirulina, as a promising agent, at lower doses may have been considered as a functional food for the management of diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthworms play a crucial role in soil fertility through decomposition, nutrient mineralization and water infiltration, and they are used as a standard organism in ecotoxicological testing. However, to use them for evaluations of environmental pollution, knowledge on the age-related variations in antioxidant enzymes within this species as they undergo different environmental conditions such as treatment to heavy metal insecticides, herbicides, salinity and polluted soil, vermifiltration etc. that cause stress. Due to oxidative stress, the growth and reproductive potential of earthworms are affected because of an imbalance between antioxidant enzymes and Reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study provides a fundamental understanding of the antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative stress in three earthworm species (Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae and Pheretima posthuma) at various stages of their lives. Before studying their usage as potential biomarkers, it is necessary to explore the age-related variations in antioxidant enzymes within these species which serve as the quintessential terrestrial invertebrates in evaluations of environmental pollution. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbic peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD), as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidative stress marker, were measured in the total body of juvenile, sub-adult, and adult earthworms. SOD and CAT activities respectively declined and increased with age in all earthworm species and maximum SOD activity (4.86 U/g FW) and CAT activity (12.33 U/g FW) were found in respectively juvenile (EF-J) and adult (EF-A) stages of E. fetida. In P. posthuma, APX and POD activities rose with age. APX activity was significantly maximum (6.18 U/g FW) in P. posthuma adult stage (PP-A) whereas significant maximum POD activity (0.46±0.01ΔOD/min) in EF-J stage. H2O2, an oxidative stress marker, increased with age in all earthworm species. P. posthuma adult (PP-A) had the maximum activity (4.06 µmole/g FW), and EF-J life stage had the lowest activity (1.35 µmole/g FW). In response to increased oxidative stress (H2O2), the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX, and POD) work together. Overall, Eisenia fetida performed better than E. eugeniae and P. posthuma. This study fills the gaps in antioxidant enzyme activities at the different age stages of earthworms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals are contaminants hazardously affecting the animals' and humans' health since they are extensively utilized in the industry where proper physical activity and consuming antioxidant ingredients can be an appropriate solution for decreasing the resultant damages. This work deals with assessing the effects of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) petal extract (SPE) along with eight weeks of interval training on the cytotoxicity of lead (Pb) investigated in exposed adult male mice. SPE reduced the toxic effects of Pb that were indicated by the MTT assay. The morphological alterations of Pb-treated cells were found by fluorescent and normal microscopes when it was co-incubated with SPE. Accordingly, the 50% inhibitory concentration and the 50% lethal dose were calculated. The adult male mice were randomly placed into seven groups (six mice/group) of positive and negative controls, interval training group (Exr), Exr & Pb, SPE, SPE & Pb, and Exr & SPE & Pb treated groups. From the results, SPE did not affect catalase (CAT) activity, but it induced a significant increment of antioxidant enzyme SOD and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) is reduced remarkably in the brain. In the last part of the research, mice were exposed to the behavioral tasks examined by step-through ORT, MWM, and YM tests. Having interval training and SPE consumption could reverse the most defective behavioral indicators that may be protecting potential agents inspiringly to the Pb toxicity in the areas with higher heavy metals pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/purpose: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare chronic liver disease. The mechanisms and prediction of PSC progression are unclear. Recent investigations have shown that general conditions, such as oxidative stress, affect the course of chronic diseases. We investigated the clinical course and oxidative stress-related condition of PSC to determine prognostic factors. Methods: We recruited 58 patients with PSC (mean age; 37.4 years, mean observation period; 1382 days) who visited our department from 2003 to 2021. Clinical characteristics were investigated to define prognostic factors. Oxidative stress status was evaluated using two types of markers: an oxidative stress marker (serum reactive oxygen metabolite; dROM) and an antioxidant marker (serum OXY adsorbent test; OXY). Results: The revised Mayo risk, Child–Pugh, model for end-stage liver disease-sodium (MELD-Na) scores or fibrosis-related FIB-4 index significantly predicted poor overall survival. High intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels predicted poor survival. Among patients with high and intermediate revised Mayo risk scores, those with physiologically high dROM levels showed better survival than those with lower dROM levels. In this population, dROM was negatively correlated with AST and IgA, which are both correlated with survival. Conclusions: High and intermediate revised Mayo risk score group predicted a poor clinical course in PSC. Additionally, the Child–Pugh score, MELD-Na score, FIB-4 index, and serum IgA were significantly correlated with survival. In patients with high and intermediate revised Mayo risk scores, physiologically high oxidative stress status correlated with low IgA levels and a good prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Febuxostat is a selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor that reportedly exhibits antioxidant properties. We previously performed a multicentre, randomized controlled (PRIZE) study for vascular evaluation under uric acid (UA) control by febuxostat to investigate the progression of carotid lesions in asymptomatic hyperuricemic patients with carotid atherosclerosis for 2 years. Hypothesis: The current subanalysis of the PRIZE study aimed to assess the effect of febuxostat on the level of malondialdehyde‐modified low‐density lipoprotein (MDA‐LDL), an oxidative stress marker. Methods: We recruited 383 patients (febuxostat group, n = 200; control group, n = 183) from the PRIZE trial for whom MDA‐LDL measurements were available. The UA, MDA‐LDL, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels, and MDA‐LDL/LDL‐C ratio were identified, represented as the estimated difference from baseline to 24 months. We also evaluated the relationship between febuxostat dose (10, ≤20 to <40, and ≤40 to ≤60 mg) and changes in the MDA‐LDL level, LDL‐C level, or MDA‐LDL/LDL‐C ratios. Results: The estimated change in MDA‐LDL/LDL‐C ratio from baseline to 24 months was significantly lower in the febuxostat group than in the control group (p =.025), whereas the estimated changes in MDA‐LDL (p =.235) and LDL‐C (p =.323) levels did not differ between the two groups. No significant correlation existed between the febuxostat doses and the estimated change in the MDA‐LDL level (p =.626), LDL‐C level (p =.896), or MDA‐LDL/LDL‐C ratio (p =.747). Conclusions: Our findings may indicate a possibility that febuxostat can lower the MDA‐LDL/LDL‐C ratio, a potential marker of atherosclerosis and oxidative stress, in asymptomatic hyperuricemic patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Further studies are required to validate our findings and elucidate the clinical antioxidant effect of febuxostat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity effects of bioactive fractions JAF2 and JAF3 from Justicia adhatoda (JA) in vitro using enzymatic assays, 3T3-L1 cells, and in vivo using a monosodium glutamate-high-fat diet (MSG-HFD) model. High-performance thin-layer chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPTLC-MS-MS n ) was finally utilized to analyze bioactive fractions for the compounds responsible for the activity. In vitro, the anti-obesity effects of JAF2 and JAF3 were assessed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, revealing that JAF2 significantly reduced lipid and triglyceride levels. In the in vivo MSG-HFD-induced obesity model, JAF2 improved hepatic profiles, countered oxidative stress, enhanced lipid profiles, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines. Overall, the assessment revealed a significant reduction in adipose tissue content in the treated groups, keeping other organ profiles safe. As per future perspectives, these cocktail fractions can be used in the context of genetically predisposed obesity in modern days., (© 2025 Wiley‐VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Background: Maternal exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy and lactation might harmful for the fetus. The smoke contains many free radicals that could be eliminated by antioxidant. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Spirulina platensis ethanol extract as antioxidant against cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy until lactation by assessing oxidative stress markers in neonatal brain tissues. Methods: The experimental study used 26 offspring divided into four groups: (C) = offspring of maternal control group; (Cg) = offspring of maternal exposed to cigarette smoke; (CgSp) = offspring of maternal given spirulina and exposed to cigarette smoke; and (Sp) = offspring of maternal given spirulina only group, during gestation and 9 days lactation (30 days). Each group consisted of 6 offspring obtained from 2 adult females mated with male Sprague-Dawley rats. The exposure of cigarette smoke was 4 burn cigarettes/day for 30 days. The dose of extract was 200 mg/kg BW. The offspring were sacrificed, and the brain tissues were taken for MDA, MnSOD activity, as well as catalase activity, carbonyl, and GSH. Results: There was no significant differences in MDA level between groups. The carbonyl, SOD, and catalase activity did not differ between the control and smoked group. Conclusion: Exposure of four burned cigarettes smoke per day during pregnancy, and 9 days of lactation did not trigger oxidative stress. However, the effect of Spirulina platensis administration on rat offspring brain could not be analyzed.

Male buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves (n = 10) were divided equally into control (fed basal diet had 0.23 ppm Se) and treatment (fed additional supra-nutritional Se at 0.3 mg/kg dry matter intake) groups to evaluate the nutraceutical role of selenium. Nutraceutical level of Se enhanced (P < 0.01) the percentage of monocyte cells in blood as well as Se level of plasma, without influencing most of the studied hemotological parameters including macro and micro minerals. Among oxidative stress markers, lipid peroxidation level was low (P < 0.05) in the treatment group at the end of the feeding trial with a high (P < 0.05) overall average of the antioxidative enzyme glutathione peroxidase. Parameters like reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, ceruloplasmin, vitamins A, E, and β-carotene remained unaltered despite variable levels of Se in the diet. Cellular immune response against bacteria P. multocida remained uninfluenced (P > 0.05), though an enhanced (P < 0.01) average antibody titer was noted in the group fed nutraceutical level of Se. Findings of the study suggest that supra-nutritional Se (0.53 ppm against 0.23 ppm) had a nutraceutical role and thus favoring humoral immune response, antioxidant status, blood monocyte percentage, and plasma Se levels in the healthy buffalo calves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Hyperlipidemia is a major cause for atherosclerosis which is a frontline cause for mortality in the world. Bisflavonoids are dimeric flavonoids abundant in few medicinal herbs with various pharmacological effects. However, in vivo anti-hyperlipidemic role of bisflavonoids (BFR) is limited. The present investigation is aimed to study BFR from the leaf extract of Araucaria bidwillii Hook. in rat model of hyperlipidemia. Results Administration of HFD was significantly (p < 0.0001) shown to increase total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG) associated with decrease in HDL. BFR at two doses significantly decreased TC, LDL, and TG in HFD-fed rats. In addition, BFR significantly (p < 0.0001) decreased the MDA and significantly (p < 0.0001) increased the impaired anti-oxidant enzyme SOD and CAT in heart tissue induced by HFD. Further, 28 days administration of BFR significantly (p < 0.001) decreased HFD-induced aortic wall thickness. Conclusion It can be concluded that bisflavonoids from A. bidwillii Hook. leaf extract administered to high fat-fed rats showed beneficial anti-hyperlipidemic effect by reducing lipid profiles and protecting the heart tissue from oxidative stress.

Copyright of ScienceRise: Medical Science is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To measure the serum levels of the oxidative stress markers superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and compare them before and after zinc supplementation in patients with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: We measured serum zinc levels in 65 patients with early AMD. Of these, 29 patients with macular drusen and a serum zinc level <80 μg/dL received oral zinc acetate dihydrate (50 mg/day). Serum trace metal levels (zinc and copper) and oxidative stress marker levels (SOD, MDA, and GPx) were measured at baseline and 12 weeks after the treatment. The macular drusen areas and best-corrected visual acuity were evaluated in 24 participants who attended the 3-month follow-up. Results: MDA level was significantly decreased from baseline to 12 weeks after zinc administration (170.5 ± 100.9 vs. 148.3 ± 57.9 pmol/mL, P = 0.03), while SOD was significantly increased from baseline to 12 weeks after zinc intake (4.2 ± 0.9 vs. 4.6 ± 0.9 U/mL, P = 0.03). The serum zinc level was significantly correlated with the MDA level (P = 0.03, ρ = -0.26). The area of soft drusen was significantly decreased after zinc treatment (1,936,654.9 ± 1,348,267.6 vs. 966,883.9 ± 719,938.1 μmm2, P = 0.04). Conclusions: The levels of oxidative stress markers MDA and SOD decreased and increased, respectively, after oral zinc administration to 24 patients with AMD. The therapeutic effect of zinc treatment on drusen area might differ depending on the drusen phenotype in early AMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this review was evaluating the literature regarding a possible correlation between biomarkers analyzed in children with leukemia and periodontal disease, with emphasis on the antioxidant activity and oxidative stress markers, observed also in leukemia and in periodontal disease. Materials and method: Articles from Medline database were evaluated, searched via PubMed using MeSH terms. Results: Since periodontal disease is a very common oral pathology in patients with leukemia, it is crucial to distinguish whether the modification of biochemical markers is caused by the alteration of immune general system, or the existent periodontal pathology. Conclusions: Regarding the significance of specific biomarkers seen in children with leukemia and periodontal disease, further studies are necessary to determine their interdependence and clinical relevance.

This study aimed to investigate the association between glutathione S‐transferase (GST) M1 and T1 null genotypes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in male infertility. For this purpose, semen samples were collected from fertile and infertile subjects, and then they were genotyped for GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes using multiplex‐PCR. The TBARS, TAC and NO levels in seminal plasma were then measured via the ferric‐reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). A significant association was observed between GSTT1 null genotype and oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia. But, the GSTM1 null genotype was merely associated with teratozoospermia. Moreover, the GSTT1−/GSTM1+ combined genotype was associated with all subgroups of male infertility. Besides, an association was observed between GSTT1−/GSTM1− genotype and asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia. Further analysis showed that the GSTT1 null genotype was associated with increased NO in asthenozoospermia. Also, the GSTT1 null genotype was associated with increased TBARS in oligozoospermia and asthenozoospermia. As well, GSTM1 null genotype was associated with decreased TAC and increased NO in asthenozoospermia respectively. As a preliminary conclusion, the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes could be considered as genetic risk factors for male infertility, interfering with some oxidative stress markers in infertile men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Due to decreased manual dexterity, a lack of motivation, and difficulty on the part of the caregiver conducting efficient oral hygiene measures at home, patients with Down syndrome (DS) are badly affected. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of 0.1% octenidine (OCT) hydrochloride and 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate on plaque control and oxidative stress in institutionalized children with DS., Materials and Methods: In 20 children, salivary samples were collected for analysis of the inflammatory marker high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and oxidative stress markers, specifically malondialdehyde (MDA). Plaque index (PlI) and gingival index (GI) were scored. After oral prophylaxis, the participants were randomly assigned to two groups, each consisting of 10 individuals (octenidol and CHX). Salivary oxidative stress marker assays were carried out using a modified version of Yagi's (1984) method, and absorbance was measured at 540 nm using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer at 535 nm. hsCRP assays were conducted via latex turbidimetric immunoassay., Results: On comparison between the two groups, the OCT group showed a statistically significant reduction in GI, PlI, and MDA values ( p < 0.05)., Conclusion: It was seen that the use of 0.1% OCT hydrochloride could facilitate the maintenance of good oral hygiene and periodontal status, especially in patients with motor difficulties., Clinical Trial Registration: PMS/IEC/2016/02., How to Cite This Article: Raj AS, George S, S A, et al. Comparing the Effectiveness of Octenidine Hydrochloride and Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouthrinses in Reducing Plaque and Oxidative Stress in Institutionalized Children with Down Syndrome. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(4):437-441., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: NoneConflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).)

Vancomycin (VCM), a glycopeptide antibiotic, is a drug widely used in severe infections. However, VCM induce notable nephrotoxic side effects. Naringenin (NAR) is a natural of flavonoid and are known as strongly antioxidant, nefroprotective, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential protective effects of NAR against VCM-induced nephrotoxicity by measuring apoptotic and oxidative stress markers and evaluating histopathological alterations in rats. For this purpose, we used male Wistar albino rats that divided into seven groups: (i) Control [saline, intraperitoneally (i.p.)], (ii) carboxymethyl cellulose (0.5% CMC, orally), (iii) VCM (400 mg/kg, i.p.), (iv) NAR100 (100 mg/kg, orally), (v) VCM + NAR25 (25 mg/kg, orally), (vi) VCM + NAR50 (50 mg/kg, orally), and (vii) VCM + NAR100 (100 mg/kg, orally) groups. VCM administration was started one day after the first treatment of NAR and continued across 7-day. Caspase-3, -8, and-9 activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured by colorimetric methods in the kidney tissues, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were analyzed based on ELISA in serum. Caspase-3 and -8 activities, NO levels, serum creatinine and BUN levels were significantly higher in VCM group in comparison with VCM + NAR (25, 50, and 100) groups (p < 0.05). Caspase-9 activity and MDA were significantly higher in VCM group compared to VCM + NAR (25 and 50) groups (p < 0.05). Histopathological alterations in VCM group were significantly diminished by administration of NAR, especially NAR 25. In conclusion, NAR 25 and 50 mg have more potent protective effects on VCM-induced nephrotoxicity compared to NAR 100 mg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We searched thiol/disulphide homeostasis and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) in patients with and without endometrial polyp (EP) to evaluate whether there is an association between serum oxidative stress markers and EPs. Methods: A total of 87 women were enrolled into this study. All patients were evaluated with office hysteroscopy, and then those with EPs underwent operative hysteroscopy. 43 of these women had pathologically confirmed EPs (study group) and 44 had not (control group). Fasting blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vein before the procedure in all women. Thiol/disulphide levels were analyzed with a newly developed method by Erel et al. IMA measurement was performed using an indirect method based on the colorimetric assay as previously defined. Results: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of demographic characteristics including age, body mass index, and past obstetric history. Similarly no significant difference was observed regarding infertility ratio and smoking status. Native thiol, total thiol, and disulphide levels were found to be 263.6±63.3 µmol/l vs. 280.9±63.8 µmol/l (p:0.208), 296.9±64.9 µmol/l vs. 315.2±67.3 µmol/l (p:0.202), and 16.6±6.5 µmol/l vs.17.1±7.8 µmol/l (p:0.759) in the study and control groups, respectively. There was also no significant difference with regard to serum IMA level (46.5±12.1 vs. 44.9±12.6; p: 0.539). Conclusion: Serum thiol/disulphide homeostasis and IMA levels have no significant effect in the pathogenesis of EPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a progressive multifactorial condition where the role of oxidative stress may have implications in the pathogenesis of the disease. Despite growing interest among researchers and clinicians, the limited, unorganized, and divergent findings regarding the association between oxidative stress and the progression of heart failure (HF) have prompted us to conduct this study. Drawing upon the evolving nature of this research domain, this study is one of the first of its kind to present a systematic and comprehensive overview of the existing evidence regarding the role of oxidative stress production in the progression of HF. This study systematically reviews peer-reviewed empirical studies published in English, particularly focusing on the association between oxidative stress and the progression of HF. Parameters, such as publication year, study design, population demographics (size, age, and gender), types of HF, and characterization of markers in the existing studies, were reviewed. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) procedure, a thorough search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Sage databases, without any restrictions on the publication dates of articles, which yielded a total of 1,808 records on the association of oxidative stress production with clinical outcomes in HF patients. The analysis of the content of 17 articles offered a robust observation of this phenomenon, providing insights into the levels of oxidative stress, antioxidant markers, and the enzymes involved in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and their association with the progression and severity of HF. The findings highlighted various knowledge gaps and future research priorities are recommended in the areas of interest and unexplored areas., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Chawla et al.)

Background Existing literature supports the potential role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders. Role of oxidative stress has also been implicated in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Method Our study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital of North India. This cross-sectional observational study aimed at evaluating the markers of oxidative stress (Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Catalase, Malondialdehyde, serum cortisol) in three groups - patients with OCD, their non-affected first degree relatives, and healthy controls. Markers of oxidative stress were estimated in all 30 participants in each group. Results Significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde and lower levels of plasma catalase, superoxide dismutase & glutathione peroxidase were found in patients, compared to their first degree relatives and healthy controls. Levels of plasma catalase, superoxide dismutase & glutathione peroxidase in first degree relatives were also significantly lower than healthy controls. Conclusion Higher levels of oxidative stress markers are associated with OCD and their first-degree relatives. The correlational nature of the present study, and the lack of a psychiatric control group, however, do not allow for conclusions regarding causation or the findings’ specificity to OCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral contraceptive therapy (OCT) is associated with an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis, venous thromboembolism and stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of OCT on blood levels of an oxidative stress maker in pre-menopausal women. Methods: Oxidative stress was determined in 87 pre-menopausal healthy women (24 with and 63 without OCT) using a blood assay for reactive oxygen metabolites (by the d-ROMs test). The subjects with OCT received a triphasic preparation consisting of ethinyl estradiol and norethisterone. Results: Subjects with OCT showed significantly higher d-ROMs levels (median: 380; interquartile range: 328-502 Carr U) than those without OCT (325 [271-369]; P < 0.05). The results remained the same after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusions: The use of OCT may increase oxidative stress levels, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, in pre-menopausal women, providing new insights to the primary prevention of vascular complications in these subjects.

Coastal environments commonly experience fluctuations in salinity and hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) stress that can negatively affect mitochondrial functions of marine organisms. Although intertidal bivalves are adapted to these conditions, the mechanisms that sustain mitochondrial integrity and function are not well understood. We determined the rates of respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) efflux in the mitochondria of oysters, Crassostrea gigas, acclimated to high (33 psu) or low (15 psu) salinity, and exposed to either normoxic conditions (control; 21% O2) or short-term hypoxia (24 h at <0.01% O2) and subsequent reoxygenation (1.5 h at 21% O2). Further, we exposed isolated mitochondria to anoxia in vitro to assess their ability to recover from acute (∼10 min) oxygen deficiency (<0.01% O2). Our results showed that mitochondria of oysters acclimated to high or low salinity did not show severe damage and dysfunction during H/R stress, consistent with the hypoxia tolerance of C. gigas. However, acclimation to low salinity led to improved mitochondrial performance and plasticity, indicating that 15 psu might be closer to the metabolic optimum of C. gigas than 33 psu. Thus, acclimation to low salinity increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation rate and coupling efficiency and stimulated mitochondrial respiration after acute H/R stress. However, elevated ROS efflux in the mitochondria of low-salinity-acclimated oysters after acute H/R stress indicates a possible trade-off of higher respiration. The high plasticity and stress tolerance of C. gigas mitochondria may contribute to the success of this invasive species and facilitate its further expansion into brackish regions such as the Baltic Sea., Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests., (© 2023. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.)

Cadmium (Cd) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) are two prevalent contaminants in e-waste recycling facilities. However, the potential adversely health effect of co-exposure to these two types of pollutants in an occupational setting is unknown. In this study, we investigated co-exposure of these two pollutants on hepatic toxicity in CD-1 male mice through a whole-body aerosol inhalation route. Specifically, mice were exposed to solvent control (5% DMSO), Cd (8 μg/m 3 ), TBBPA (16 μg/m 3 ) and Cd/TBBPA mixture for 8 h/day and 6 days a week for 60 days. Hepatic changes include increased organ weight, focal necrosis, and elevated levels of liver enzymes in serum. These changes were most severe in mice exposed to TBBPA, followed by Cd/TBBPA mixture and Cd. These chemicals also led to suppressed antioxidant defensive mechanisms and increased oxidative stress. Further, these chemicals induced gene expression of apoptosis-related genes, activated genes encoding for phase I detoxification enzymes and inhibited genes encoding for phase II detoxification enzymes. These findings indicate that the hepatic damages induced by subchronic aerosol exposure of Cd and TBBPA may result from the oxidative damages caused by excessive ROS production when these chemicals were metabolized in the liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative stress is a critical process that triggers several diseases observed in premature infants. Growing recognition of the detriment of oxidative stress in newborns warrants the use of an antioxidant strategy that is likely to be nutritional in order to restore redox homeostasis. It appears essential to have a personalized approach that will take into account the age of gestation at birth and the sex of the infant. However, the link between sex and oxidative stress remains unclear. The aim of this study was to find a common denominator explaining the discrepancy between studies related to sex-specific effects of oxidative stress. Results highlight a specificity of sex in the levels of oxidative stress markers linked to the metabolism of glutathione, as measured in the intracellular compartments. Levels of all sex-dependent oxidative stress markers are greater and markers associated to a better antioxidant defense are lower in boys compared to girls during the neonatal period. This sex-specific discrepancy is likely to be related to estrogen metabolism, which is more active in baby-girls and promotes the activation of glutathione metabolism. Conclusion: our observations suggest that nutritive antioxidant strategies need to target glutathione metabolism and, therefore, should be personalized considering, among others, the sex specificity.