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7. The transcriptional landscape of age in human peripheral blood.

Author

Peters, Marjolein J, Joehanes, Roby, Pilling, Luke C, Schurmann, Claudia, Conneely, Karen N, Powell, Joseph, Reinmaa, Eva, Sutphin, George L, Zhernakova, Alexandra, Schramm, Katharina, Wilson, Yana A, Kobes, Sayuko, Tukiainen, Taru, NABEC/UKBEC Consortium, Ramos, Yolande F, Göring, Harald HH, Fornage, Myriam, Liu, Yongmei, Gharib, Sina A, Stranger, Barbara E, De Jager, Philip L, Aviv, Abraham, Levy, Daniel, Murabito, Joanne M, Munson, Peter J, Huan, Tianxiao, Hofman, Albert, Uitterlinden, André G, Rivadeneira, Fernando, van Rooij, Jeroen, Stolk, Lisette, Broer, Linda, Verbiest, Michael MPJ, Jhamai, Mila, Arp, Pascal, Metspalu, Andres, Tserel, Liina, Milani, Lili, Samani, Nilesh J, Peterson, Pärt, Kasela, Silva, Codd, Veryan, Peters, Annette, Ward-Caviness, Cavin K, Herder, Christian, Waldenberger, Melanie, Roden, Michael, Singmann, Paula, Zeilinger, Sonja, Illig, Thomas, Homuth, Georg, Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Völzke, Henry, Steil, Leif, Kocher, Thomas, Murray, Anna, Melzer, David, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Bandinelli, Stefania, Moses, Eric K, Kent, Jack W, Curran, Joanne E, Johnson, Matthew P, Williams-Blangero, Sarah, Westra, Harm-Jan, McRae, Allan F, Smith, Jennifer A, Kardia, Sharon LR, Hovatta, Iiris, Perola, Markus, Ripatti, Samuli, Salomaa, Veikko, Henders, Anjali K, Martin, Nicholas G, Smith, Alicia K, Mehta, Divya, Binder, Elisabeth B, Nylocks, K Maria, Kennedy, Elizabeth M, Klengel, Torsten, Ding, Jingzhong, Suchy-Dicey, Astrid M, Enquobahrie, Daniel A, Brody, Jennifer, Rotter, Jerome I, Chen, Yii-Der I, Houwing-Duistermaat, Jeanine, Kloppenburg, Margreet, Slagboom, P Eline, Helmer, Quinta, den Hollander, Wouter, Bean, Shannon, Raj, Towfique, Bakhshi, Noman, Wang, Qiao Ping, Oyston, Lisa J, Psaty, Bruce M, Tracy, Russell P, Montgomery, Grant W, and Turner, Stephen T

Subjects
NABEC/UKBEC Consortium, Humans, Gene Expression Profiling, DNA Methylation, Aging, European Continental Ancestry Group, Transcriptome, Biomarkers
Abstract

Disease incidences increase with age, but the molecular characteristics of ageing that lead to increased disease susceptibility remain inadequately understood. Here we perform a whole-blood gene expression meta-analysis in 14,983 individuals of European ancestry (including replication) and identify 1,497 genes that are differentially expressed with chronological age. The age-associated genes do not harbor more age-associated CpG-methylation sites than other genes, but are instead enriched for the presence of potentially functional CpG-methylation sites in enhancer and insulator regions that associate with both chronological age and gene expression levels. We further used the gene expression profiles to calculate the 'transcriptomic age' of an individual, and show that differences between transcriptomic age and chronological age are associated with biological features linked to ageing, such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels, fasting glucose, and body mass index. The transcriptomic prediction model adds biological relevance and complements existing epigenetic prediction models, and can be used by others to calculate transcriptomic age in external cohorts.

Published
2015

9. Characteristics of bowen therapy practitioners and practice in Australia: An exploratorysecondary analysis of the practitioner research and collaboration initiative (PRACI) practice-based research network.

Author

Steel, Amie, Beacham, Barbara, Oyston, Eleanor, and Adams, Jon

Abstract

Bowen Therapy (BT) is a non-invasive manual therapy used to treat muscle pain and discomfort, poor flexibility and imbalances in the body's tissues. Globally, the BT profession comprises a small, but widely dispersed, network of practitioners. While a small pool of preliminary clinical research has begun to investigate the effectiveness of BT for a range of conditions, the investigation of the practice of BT remains extremely limited. This study employs secondary analysis of a national cross-sectional workforce survey of complementary medicine practitioners, to describe the characteristics of BT professionals and their practices in Australia. The study sampled data collected from individuals with qualifications in Bowen Therapy involved in the Practitioner Research and Collaboration Initiative (PRACI). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Study participants (n = 80), primarily female (71.3%) and with a mean age of 52.9 years, reported commonly using a range of assessment tools, discussing a range of health topics with their clients, and using diverse manual therapy techniques in their practice. Participants most commonly reported consulting with clients reporting stress (84.9%), neck pain (75.0%) and sciatica (66.0%). Participants reported treating middle aged (93.4%) and older people (63.3%) most frequently. BTs provide care to a range of clients experiencing a number of conditions and symptoms. Further research should explore the rich details and establish the outcomes of BTs' care with a view to helping inform safe, effective, coordinated patient care across the wider primary care team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Genome-wide gene-based analyses of weight loss interventions identify a potential role for NKX6.3 in metabolism

Author

Valsesia, Armand, Wang, Qiao-Ping, Gheldof, Nele, Carayol, Jérôme, Ruffieux, Hélène, Clark, Teleri, Shenton, Victoria, Oyston, Lisa J., Lefebvre, Gregory, Metairon, Sylviane, Chabert, Christian, Walter, Ondine, Mironova, Polina, Lau, Paulina, Descombes, Patrick, Viguerie, Nathalie, Langin, Dominique, Harper, Mary-Ellen, Astrup, Arne, Saris, Wim H., Dent, Robert, Neely, Greg G., and Hager, Jörg

Published
2019
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21. Inequities in pre-pregnancy folic acid use in Central and South Auckland: secondary analysis from a postpartum contraception survey

Author

Tutty, Esther, Wimsett, Jordon, Oyston, Charlotte, Tutty, Sue, Harwood, Matire, Legget, Emelia, and Sadler, Lynn

Abstract

Introduction In Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), there is inequity in rates of neural tube defects (NTDs). Among Maaori, NTD occur in 4.58/10 000 live births, and for Pacific peoples, it is 4.09/10 000 live births; this is compared to 2.81/10 000 live births for non-Maaori, non-Pacific peoples. Aim To describe self-reported pre-pregnancy folic acid supplementation and to determine the association between pregnancy intendedness, ethnicity, parity, maternal age, care provider and pre-pregnancy folic acid supplementation. Methods Secondary analysis of postpartum survey data collected at Te Whatu Ora Te Toka Tumai and Counties Manukau birthing facilities in 2020 was conducted. Descriptive analyses explored pregnancy intendedness and self-reported folic acid use by demographic variables. Multivariable logistic regression explored independent associations between demographic variables and folic acid use among intended pregnancies. Results In total, 398 participants completed the survey. The response rate was (140/149) 94% at Counties Manukau and (258/315) 82% at Te Toka Tumai. Pre-pregnancy supplementation was reported by 182 of 398 participants (46%). Use was higher among those who intended their pregnancy (151/262, 58%) compared to those who were ‘pregnancy ambivalent’ (9/33, 27%) or did not intend to become pregnant (22/103, 21%). Factors independently associated with supplementation among intended pregnancies included: ‘Other ethnicity’ (European, Middle Eastern, Latin American, African) compared to Maaori (aOR 5.3 (95% CI 1.3, 21.8)), age ≥30 years compared to Discussion Low rates of pre-pregnancy folic acid supplementation exist in Auckland with significant ethnic disparity. Mandatory fortification of non-organic wheat is important, but supplementation is still recommended to maximally reduce risk.

Published
2023
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23. Normotensive placental extracellular vesicles provide long-term protection against hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

Author

Feng, Yourong, Lau, Sandy, Chen, Qi, Oyston, Charlotte, Groom, Katie, Barrett, Carolyn J., and Chamley, Lawrence W.

Subjects
EXTRACELLULAR vesicles, CARDIOVASCULAR system, VASCULAR resistance, RENAL fibrosis, BLOOD pressure
Abstract

Women with normotensive pregnancy are at a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease postpartum compared with those who experience hypertensive conditions during pregnancy. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. During normotensive pregnancy, vast numbers of placental extracellular vesicles are released into the maternal circulation, which protect endothelial cells from activation and alter maternal vascular tone. We hypothesized that placental extracellular vesicles play a mechanistic role in lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease following normotensive pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of placental extracellular vesicles derived from normotensive term placentae on the cardiovascular system and explore the mechanisms underlying their biological effects. Spontaneously hypertensive rats were injected with placental extracellular vesicles from normotensive term pregnancies (2 mg/kg each time, n=8) or vehicle control (n=9) at 3 months of age. Blood pressure and cardiac function were regularly monitored from 3 months to 15 months of age. The response of mesenteric resistance arteries to vasoactive substances was investigated to evaluate vascular function. Cardiac remodeling, small artery remodeling, and renal function were investigated to comprehensively assess the impact of placental extracellular vesicles on cardiovascular and renal health. Compared with vehicle-treated control animals, rats treated with normotensive placental extracellular vesicles exhibited a significantly lower increase in blood pressure and improved cardiac function. Furthermore, the vasodilator response to the endothelium-dependent agonist acetylcholine was significantly enhanced in the normotensive placental extracellular vesicle-treated spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with the control. Moreover, treatment with placental extracellular vesicles reduced wall thickening of small renal vessels and attenuated renal fibrosis. Placental extracellular vesicles from normotensive term pregnancies have long-lasting protective effects reducing hypertension and mitigating cardiovascular damage in vivo. [Display omitted] [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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25. Genome sequence of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague

Author

Parkhill, J., Wren, B. W., Thomson, N. R., Titball, R. W., Holden, M. T. G., Prentice, M. B., Sebaihia, M., James, K. D., Churcher, C., Mungall, K. L., Baker, S., Basham, D., Bentley, S. D., Brooks, K., Cerdeno-Tarraga, A. M., Chillingworth, T., Cronin, A., Davies, R. M., Davis, P., Dougan, G., Feltwell, T., Hamlin, N., Holroyd, S., Jagels, K., Karlyshev, A. V., Leather, S., Moule, S., Oyston, P. C. F., Quail, M., Rutherford, K., Simmonds, M., Skelton, J., Stevens, K., Whitehead, S., and Barrell, B. G.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): J. Parkhill (corresponding author) [1]; B. W. Wren [2]; N. R. Thomson [1]; R. W. Titball [3]; M. T. G. Holden [1]; M. B. Prentice [4]; M. Sebaihia [1]; [...]

Published
2001
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33. Abstracts

Author

Lacombe, P., Blaise, G., Plante, F., Hollmann, C., Penning, D. H., Patrick, J., Brien, J., Orser, B., Bertlik, M., Fedorko, L., O’Brodovich, H., Santos, A. C., Pedersen, H., Morishima, H. O., Finster, M., Arthur, G. R., Covino, B. G., Perreault, C., Albert, J. F., Couture, P., Meloche, R., Elliott, R. D., Stockwell, M., Roy, W. L., Lerman, J., McIntyre, B. G., Yee, D. A., Hunziker, P., Koch, J. P., Devitt, J. H., Daley, M. D., Colmenares, M. E., Norman, P. H., Sandler, A. N., Oyston, J. P., Knill, R. L., Skinner, M. I., Novick, T., Vandenberghe, H. M., Moote, C. A., Donati, François, Meistelman, Claude, Plaud, Benoit, Guay, J., Reinberg, C., Rivard, G. E., Poitras, B., Mathews, S., David, M., Dawe, G., Hall, R. I., Stringer D. G., Sandler A. N., Panos L., Lawson S., Einarson T. R., Badner N., Fiset, P., Balendran, P., Donati, F., Bevan, D. R., Hung, O. R., Varvel, J., Shafer, S., Stanski, D. R., Crawford, M. W., Carmichael, F. J., Orrego, H., Saldivia, V., Lerman, J., Ralley, F. E., Murkin, J. M., Hudson, R. J., Dunn, G., Perreault, L., Hardy, J. F., Donelly, M., Scott, W. A. C., Daly, D. S., McAllister, J. D., Sharpe, M. D., Manninen, P. H., Cuillerier, D. J., Gelb, A. W., Nantau, W. E., Leon, J. E., Bissonnette, B., Davies, K. R., Gelb, A., Boughner, D. R., Bisnaire, D., Shokeir, O., Code, W. E., Hertz, L., White, H. S., Hong, M., Milne, B., Loomis, C., Jhamandas, K., Lam A. M., Slee T., Hirst R., Cooper J. O., Pavlin E. G., Sundling N., Mutch, W. A. C., Ringaert, K., Ewart, F., White, I., Donen, N., Winn H. R., Grady M. S., Murkin, J. M., Farrar, J. K., McNeill, B., Lok, P., Nalder, B., Jivraj, K., Golar, S., Ford, G., Rosenal, T., Puchalski, S. A., Morison, D. H., Collins, R. M., Gascoyne, R. D., Taylor, R. H., Lerman, J., Gauthier R. A., Chung F., Dyck B., Romanelli J. R., Chapman K. R., Lavoie, J., Marcin, R., Tétrault, J. P., Murphy, I. L., Splinter, W. M., Segstro, R., Morley-Forster, P. K., Lu, G., Lessard, M. R., Trépanier, C. A., Brochu, J. G., Coté, J. J., Denault, P. H., Baribault, J. P., Gordon, A. R., O’Connor, J. P., Ramsay, J. G., Malcolm, I., Chang, P. C., Reynolds, F. B., Lang, S. A., Ha, H. C., Grant, R. P., Dolman, J. F., Harper, J. A., White, S. A., Parsons, D. G., Evans, K. G., Merrick, P., Trivedi, Narendra S., Halpern, Meyer, Robalino, Joffre, Shevde, Ketan, Wang, B. C., Hiller, J. M., Simon, E. J., Hillman, D. E., Li, D., Rosenberg, C., Turndorf, H., Penning, J. P., Nagasaka, Hiroshi, Yaksh, T. L., Forrest, J. B., Lam, L., Woo, J., Rifkind, A., Broadman, L., Hannallah, R., DeLeon, E., Reff, R., Tanaka, K., Watanabe, R., Harada, T., Dan, K., Aull, L., Woodward, E. R., Rout, R. W., Paulus, D. A., Reimer, E. J., Badner, N. H., Komar, W. E., Fancourt-Smith, P. F., McEwen, J. A., Warriner, C. B., Moore, R., Rosenblatt, M., Merai, B., Robalino, J., Shevde, K., Bryk, D., McCormack, J. P., Levine, M., Forster-Coull, J., Stasiuk, R. B. P., Jenkins, L. C., Chen, Kunzhou, Pan, Jianhui, Ji, Xuan, Vaidya, D., Tetzlaff, J. E., Baird, B. A., Yoon, H. J., Wood, G., Simpson, T., Pillow, K. J., Lampe, K. M., Hansen, L. M., Foldvari, M., Courtice, I. D., MacLeod, B. A., Panos L., Lawson S., Koren G., Volgyesi, G. A., Kolesar, R., Wolf, G. L., Sidebotham, G. W., Sprung, J., Gamulin, S., Bosnjak, Z. J., Kampine, J. P., Doyle, D. John, Harioka, T., Sone, T., Kakuyama, M., Miyake, C., Toda, H., Sosis, M., Oka, T., Ohwada, T., Kochi, A., Mizuguchi, T., Kay, J. C., Beauchamp, R. J., Mazer, C. D., Inada, E., Iwahashi, K., Aoki, K., Takanashi, S., Kohama, M., Aoki, Y., Poole, L., Murphy, J. T., Moffitt, E. A., Jolly, D., Finegan, B. A., Beach, J., Gulamhusein, S., Vincent, D., Sullivan, P. J., Martineau, R. J., Miller, D. R., Lewis, P., Staniland, J., Cuppage, A., Davies, J. M., Rose, D. K., Cohen, M. M., Rogers, K. H., Gellner, D., Duncan, P. G., Johnson, J. A., Cohen, J. A., Boisvenu, G., Haley, L. D., Parlow, J. L., Cervenko, F. W., Dillon, F., Harwood, T., Kolesar, R., Volgyesi, G., Reid, C. W., Samson, B., Beattie, W. S., Goldsmith, C. H., Sims, C. H., Welborn, L. G., Hannallah, R. S., Higgins, T., Fink, R., Luban, N., Murray, D. J., Forbes, R. B., Mehta, M., Dull, D. L., Horimoto, Y., Naide, M., Schaefer, J. D., Bonn, G. E., Rhine, E. J., MacNeill, H. B., Ménard, E. A., Roberts, D. J., Komocar, L., Kay, J., Chevrier, R., Marsh, B. J., Morton, N. S., White, M., Kenny, G. N. C., Yamashita, M., Tsuji, M., Malviya, S., Swartz, J., Brown, K. A., Holtby, H., Ein, S., Shandling, B., Smith, M. F., Beauprie, I. G., Clark, A. G., Keith, I. C., Spence, D., Ogata, Hiromaru, Midorikawa, Yukio, Doyle, D. John, Teves, Leonides Y., Jhawar, Balraj S., Kawamura, Takae, Wakusawa, Reiji, Hackmann, T., Steward, D. J., Maltby, J. R., Loken, R. G., Watson, N. C., Kubota, Tatsuya, Katano, Toshio, Yoshizawa, Mutsumi, Ohtake, Kazuei, Onodera, Fumio, Yoshitake, S., Matsumoto, S., Miyakawa, H., Takahashi, T., Kitano, T., Iwasaka, H., Hayano, Y., Noguchi, T., Taniguchi, K., Honda, N., Koyama, K., Takahashi, J., Ochiai, R., Takeda, J., Nagano, M., Rolbin, S., Hew, E., Morningstar, B., Mahesh, K., Yukioka, H., Fujimori, M., Siriwardhana, S. A., Kawas, A., Yates, S., Gulden, H., Upton, J. M., Giesecke, A. H., Suzuki, H., Maru, E., Fujita, M., Pagliarello, G., Simons, J., Irita, K., Shafiq, J., Tareen, F. M., Yoshitake, J., Suderman, V. S., Crosby, E. T., Mallon, J. S., Dunn, G. L., Hatano, Y., Nakamura, K., Nishiwada, M., Mori, Kenjiro, Pounder, D. R., Blackstock, D., Steward, D., Kumagai, M., Takinami, M., Tanaka, S., Shudo, Y., Amaki, Y., Kobayashi, K., Jansen, G. F. A., Kedaria, M., Zuurmond, W. W. A., Hartley, E., St. Louis, P., Rybczynski, J., McLeod, M. E., Byrick, R. J., Mullen, J. Brendan, Wong, P. Y., Wigglesworth, D., Kay, J. Colin, Swartz, J. S., Gold, M., Braude, B. M., Dolovich, J., Gilmour, R. F., Sutherland, L. R., O’Connor, G., Riding, K., Laird, B., Riou, S., Gross, Michael, Tang, T., Halpern, S. H., Roy, A. G., Côté, J. J., Lindblad, T., Buckley, D. N., Oxom, D. C., Whatley, G. S., Knox, J. W. D., Hooper, J. G. V., Dolman, J., Faneourt-Smith, P. F., Torsher, L., Gao, Yuhui, Chai, Xiaoqing, O’Leary, G., Qureshi, S. A., Laganiere, S., McGilveray, I., Boylan, J. F., Hassard, P., Teasdale, S. J., Kapnoudhis, P., Vaghadia, H., Turnbull, K. M., Villeneuve, E., Buluran, J., Amyot, Y., Tanguay, M., Pharm, B., Beique, G., Sidi, A., Rush, W., Clanachan, A. S., Duke, P. C., Leroux, M., Corne, R., Patton, N., Greenberg, D., Parrott, J., Desjardins, P., Merchant R. N., Brown W. F., Watson B. V., Burrows, F. A., Tatman, D. J., Starr, J. M., Symreng, T., Kall, R. I., Schweiger, I. M., Finlayson, D. C., Weisel, R. D., Ivanov, J., Mickle, D. A., Fuller, John, Lu, Grant, Dain, Steven, McLean, R. F., Noble, W. H., Kolton, M., Newfield, A. M., Lipton, J. M., Ide, T., Isono, S., Kochi, T., Izumi, Y., Erian, R. F., Stafford-Smith, M., Yamada, M., Johnson, D., Hurst, T., Mayers, I., Tsuda, Takako, Takeuchi, Mikio, Ishikawa, Kiyoshi, Ando, Hiroshi, Hanamura, Yasunori, Takasu, Hiroe, Hiyama, A., and Cardiac Anaesthesia Research Group

Published
1990
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35. Multiscale and multimodal imaging of utero-placental anatomy and function in pregnancy.

Author

Srinivasan, Vijayalakshmi, Melbourne, Andrew, Oyston, Charlotte, James, Joanna L., and Clark, Alys R.

Subjects
PLACENTA physiology, RESEARCH, RESEARCH methodology, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, EVALUATION research, DIAGNOSTIC imaging, COMPARATIVE studies, PLACENTA, RESEARCH funding, FETAL ultrasonic imaging
Abstract

Placental structures at the nano-, micro-, and macro scale each play important roles in contributing to its function. As such, quantifying the dynamic way in which placental structure evolves during pregnancy is critical to both clinical diagnosis of pregnancy disorders, and mechanistic understanding of their pathophysiology. Imaging the placenta, both exvivo and invivo, can provide a wealth of structural and/or functional information. This review outlines how imaging across modalities and spatial scales can ultimately come together to improve our understanding of normal and pathological pregnancies. We discuss how imaging technologies are evolving to provide new insights into placental physiology across disciplines, and how advanced computational algorithms can be used alongside state-of-the-art imaging to obtain a holistic view of placental structure and its associated functions to improve our understanding of placental function in health and disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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36. Diabetes in pregnancy: Women's views of care in a multi-ethnic, low socioeconomic population with midwifery continuity-of-care.

Author

Bradford, Billie F., Cronin, Robin S., Okesene-Gafa, Karaponi A., Apaapa-Timu, Te Hao S., Shashikumar, Asha, and Oyston, Charlotte J.

Abstract

Diabetes in pregnancy is diagnosed in 6% of pregnancies annually in Aotearoa-New Zealand, disproportionately affecting multi-ethnic, low socio-economic women. Little is known about the care experience of this population within the model of midwifery continuity-of-care, including views of telehealth care. Increase understanding of the experience of diabetes in pregnancy care, including telehealth, among multi-ethnic, low socio-economic women receiving midwifery continuity-of-care. Qualitative interview study with primarily indigenous and migrant women who had diabetes in pregnancy and gave birth 6–18 months previously. Interviewers were matched with participants by ethnicity. Transcripts were analysed using Framework analysis. Participants were 19 women (5 Māori, 5 Pacific Peoples, 5 Asian, 4 European). Data analysis revealed three key themes: 1) 'shock, shame, and adjustment' to the diagnosis 2) 'learning to manage diabetes in pregnancy' and 3) 'preparation for birth and beyond' to the postpartum period. Receiving the diagnosis of diabetes in pregnancy was a shock. Managing diabetes during pregnancy was particularly challenging for indigenous and migrant women, who wished for better access to culturally appropriate dietary and lifestyle information. Women appreciated having options of telehealth and face-to-face consultations. Preparation for birth and postpartum diabetes follow-up were areas requiring significant improvement. Challenges were mitigated through care from a consistent diabetes specialist midwife and community-based midwifery continuity-of-care. Midwives were the backbone of diabetes in pregnancy care for this multi-ethnic, low socio-economic population. Care could be improved with more culturally appropriate diet and lifestyle information, better birth preparation, and expanded postpartum diabetes support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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38. Covid-19: Hospital at Home: another piece of the armoury against COVID-19

Author

Schiff, Rebekah, Oyston, Maria, Quinn, Matthew, Walters, Sharmila, McEnhill, Paul, and Collins, Megan

Abstract

Hospital at Home (@Home) services bring the ward to the patient, providing acute care in the home. The @Home team adapted to support the care of patients with COVID-19 in the community who would otherwise have required hospitalisation.

Published
2022
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39. The placenta in fetal growth restriction: What is going wrong?

Author

Sun, Cherry, Groom, Katie M., Oyston, Charlotte, Chamley, Lawrence W., Clark, Alys R., and James, Joanna L.

Subjects
BLASTOCYST, RESEARCH, PREGNANCY, ANIMAL experimentation, RESEARCH methodology, FETAL growth retardation, MEDICAL cooperation, EVALUATION research, COMPARATIVE studies, PLACENTA, CHORIONIC villi, SMALL for gestational age
Abstract

The placenta is essential for the efficient delivery of nutrients and oxygen from mother to fetus to maintain normal fetal growth. Dysfunctional placental development underpins many pregnancy complications, including fetal growth restriction (FGR) a condition in which the fetus does not reach its growth potential. The FGR placenta is smaller than normal placentae throughout gestation and displays maldevelopment of both the placental villi and the fetal vasculature within these villi. Specialized epithelial cells called trophoblasts exhibit abnormal function and development in FGR placentae. This includes an altered balance between proliferation and apoptotic death, premature cellular senescence, and reduced colonisation of the maternal decidual tissue. Thus, the placenta undergoes aberrant changes at the macroscopic to cellular level in FGR, which can limit exchange capacity and downstream fetal growth. This review aims to compile stereological, in vitro, and imaging data to create a holistic overview of the FGR placenta and its pathophysiology, with a focus on the contribution of trophoblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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40. Therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction.

Author

Oyston, Charlotte and Baker, Philip N.

Subjects
PREECLAMPSIA prevention, FETAL growth retardation, PREGNANCY complications, PREVENTIVE health services, WOMEN'S health, OXIDATIVE stress
Abstract

Fetal growth restriction and pre-eclampsia are common pregnancy complications that contribute significantly to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, and long term health outcomes. The underlying aetiology of these conditions is placental under-perfusion and ischemia. Most prophylactic and treatment measures for these conditions are hypothesized to have effect through improved placental perfusion, or reduced oxidative stress, inflammation and subsequent placental damage. However, while many therapies have biologic plausibility, there is a lack of high quality evidence that they substantially improve important outcomes such as birth weight, prematurity, mortality or serious morbidity. This review will describe therapies currently available in clinical practice for the prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, and outline some promising new therapies, which may change the way these conditions are managed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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41. Current challenges in pregnancy-related mortality.

Author

Oyston, Charlotte and Baker, Philip N.

Subjects
HEALTH services accessibility, MATERNAL health services, MEDICAL quality control, MATERNAL mortality, PREGNANCY complications
Abstract

Pregnancy is a normal, healthy state that many women are desirous for. Sadly, this life-affirming process carries serious risks of death and disability for both mother and offspring. It is estimated that 830 women die from preventable pregnancy or pregnancy related complications each day. Almost all of these deaths occur in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Reducing maternal mortality is an ongoing challenge, and care providers, researchers and policy makers must not only identify the key barriers to accessing quality health care, but commit to making maternal health a priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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44. HOLLYWORDS.

Author

Herr, Mark, Balido, Giselle, Sorotick, Marsha, Oyston, David, Wyatt, Tom, Mapp, Ed, Smith, Gregory, Russell, Marc, Ballard, Jack, Steiskal, Janet, and Chase, Bill

Published
2020

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