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Five empirical equations, namely, FAO-56 Penman–Monteith, Hargreaves–Samani, Makkink, Turc, and Priestley–Taylor are utilized in the estimation of evapotranspiration for the month of May in 2018 for Trombay site in Maharashtra. Evapotranspiration from a given surface is a function of incoming solar radiation, net radiation, ground heat flux, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. Daily average measurements of these parameters are utilized in the empirical equations for the estimation of evapotranspiration. These estimated values are compared with the measured data from pan evaporimeter installed at Trombay. The measured data from the pan evaporimeter are corrected using the pan coefficient Kp which in turn is also estimated using empirical equations. The average value of the pan coefficient Kp is 0.8 for the site. The average measured value of evapotranspiration is 4.7 mm/d for May 2018, whereas the values estimated using the five empirical equations range from 3.3 mm/d to 12.7 mm/d. Among the five equations, the Turc equation was found to be in the best agreement with the measured values of evapotranspiration. Such studies are useful in the estimation of groundwater recharge, latent heat flux, and agriculture meteorology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic panniculitis is a rare triad of pancreatitis, panniculitis and polyarthritis. Due to underlying pancreatic disease, there is subcutaneous fat necrosis forming erythematous nodules especially in the lower extremities. This is accompanied with history of multiple joint pain. Timely diagnosis is the key to treatment, as pancreatic disease can progress rapidly causing life threatening complications. Authors hereby presented a rare case of pancreatic panniculitis in a 48-year-old male. Patient had a recent history of acute pancreatitis (alcohol induced) with development of erythema nodosum with pain and swelling in joints. Histopathological examination of the skin nodules revealed panniculitis, associated with elevated pancreatic enzymes on laboratory investigations and patient responded to anti-inflammatory medicines, thereby confirming the diagnosis of pancreatic panniculitis. He was treated with analgesics and steroids which reduced the erythematous nodules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brucellosis is an important contagious bacterial disease of livestock, which can be transmitted to humans. It is prevalent in many countries including India. Vaccination and biosecurity can reduce the prevalence of brucellosis. Evaluation of immune response of live Brucella abortus vaccine containing S19 strain in 10 calves was studied, with 10 unvaccinated controls. The percentage inhibition (PI) values (78.0 ± 4.9) were positive from one month after vaccination and the protection was sustained up to six months after vaccination. Rose Bengal Test (RBT) values were positive in 9/10 calves until 10 months after vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goat Pox is an important contagious viral disease that causes serious economic loss in small ruminants. The disease causes high morbidity, mortality and trade restriction. Several outbreaks of the disease are reported in Africa and Europe. In India also, the disease has high economic significance. Present study was undertaken to estimate specific antibody response to Live Goat Pox Vaccine in goats. Thirty-five healthy goats were vaccinated with single dose and 10 goats were kept as control. Blood was collected at defined intervals and sera were separated. Virus neutralization test was performed to estimate neutralization index as marker of antibody levels in serum. The study revealed that vaccine could induce immunity against the disease within seven days of vaccination, and reached a peak at 21 days. The titre remained at protective level throughout the oneyear study. Further study can be done to estimate the total duration of immunity through extended study, and the response to challenge with virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healing abutments (HA) are used in second-stage implant surgery to create the optimal peri-implant environment. Despite being a component intended only for short-term use, it remains in the mouth for a few weeks to several months and stays in close contact with organic debris, intraoral fluids, and bacteria. Reusing the HAs modifies their surfaces, expands the coating layer's porosity, and promotes bacterial colonization at the HA-implant interface in addition to the previous contamination. Therefore, the study's goals were to determine the frequency of HA reuse, examine the sterilizing and disinfection techniques employed, and examine the factors that contributed to the dental professionals in the Indian state of Maharashtra utilizing these components again when placing dental implants. For the study, 150 dentists who worked in the field of implantology were chosen. An online questionnaire issued via email and WhatsApp was used to collect data, which started in January 2023. The survey was designed to store the demographic information and responses of the participants, and it was made available through Google Forms. By the end of February 2023, the responses had been gathered. Tables and graphs were used to present the study outcomes that were based on the statistical analysis. The analysis employed the Chi-square test, with a p-value of 0.05 deemed statistically significant. There were 150 answers in all, with 44% women and 56% men. Merely 7.4% of participants do not reuse healed abutments, compared to 92.6% who follow this procedure. The respondents were also asked about the number of times they reused the HAs, 69% of the implantologists reused the same component countless times, while 31% reused it only once. All the respondents reported sterilizing the HAs before reuse and the method used for sterilization was autoclave (96.4%) and UV chamber (3.6%). In response to a question concerning informing patients about the reuse of HAs, 77.6% of implantologists stated they do not interact with patients, while only 22.4 reported doing so. Implantologists in the state of Maharashtra, India reuse HAs and use heterogeneous methods for disinfection and autoclave sterilization., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Ethics Committee of Dr. Hedgewar Smruti Rugna Seva Mandals Dental College issued approval HDCH/Ethics/2024/198. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Shelke et al.)

Aim Allografts, autografts, alloplast and xenografts are frequently used for periodontal regeneration. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) in combination with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) and DFDBA alone in periodontal infrabony defects. Methodology This was a split-mouth design study where 20 infrabony defects in 10 patients were included. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, where DFDBA allograft and A-PRF were used in the test group, while the DFDBA allograft alone was used in the control group. Furthermore, the results were evaluated at baseline, three, and nine months, respectively, in terms of clinical and radiographic parameters. Data were analysed with an unpaired t-test at the significance level of P < 0.05 (statistically significant). Results Both treatments showed reduced clinical and radiographic parameters from baseline to nine months. There was a non-significant difference in the plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), and radiographic defect fill (RDF). In comparison to the control group (3.40 ± 0.516), the probing pocket depth (PPD) in the test group at nine months (3.22 ± 0.422) was statistically significant showing reduction in the PPD (P = 0.042). Conclusion Within its limitations, the study showed that A-PRF plus DFDBA and DFDBA alone treatment modalities reduced clinical and radiographic parameters from baseline, at 9 months; however, the inclusion of A-PRF did not substantially improve the treatment outcome when comparing both the groups, except for the probing pocket depth after nine months., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Ethics Committee of Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College and Hospital, Sangli issued approval BV(DU)MC & H/Sangli/IEC/Dissertation 2018-19/D-06. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Goswami et al.)

Purpose: In the last two decades, computer-aided detection and diagnosis (CAD) systems have been created to help radiologists discover and diagnose lesions observed on breast imaging tests. These systems can serve as a second opinion tool for the radiologist. However, developing algorithms for identifying and diagnosing breast lesions relies heavily on mammographic datasets. Many existing databases do not consider all the needs necessary for research and study, such as mammographic masks, radiology reports, breast composition, etc. This paper aims to introduce and describe a new mammographic database. Methods: The proposed dataset comprises mammograms with several lesions, such as masses, calcifications, architectural distortions, and asymmetries. In addition, a radiologist report is provided, describing the details of the breast, such as breast density, description of abnormality present, condition of the skin, nipple and pectoral muscles, etc., for each mammogram. Results: We present results of commonly used segmentation framework trained on our proposed dataset. We used information regarding the class of abnormalities (benign or malignant) and breast tissue density provided with each mammogram to analyze the segmentation model's performance concerning these parameters. Conclusion: The presented dataset provides diverse mammogram images to develop and train models for breast cancer diagnosis applications., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestNone, (© Korean Society of Medical and Biological Engineering 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

In this study, spinel zinc chromite nanorods (ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs) were successfully manipulated by a simple sol-gel auto combustion process employing urea as fuel. The sample was only required to sinter at 500 °C for 2 h to obtain the single crystalline phase. The phase formation, crystallinity, and surface topography of synthesized ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs were explored by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy (UVDRS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). XRD analysis confirms the formation of spinel ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs. The FTIR spectrum displays the two vibrational peaks of Cr-O, and Zn-O at 489 and 615 cm -1 , correspondingly. These vibrational bonds were correlated with ZnCr 2 O 4 and revealed the production of cubic spinel ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs. FESEM indicates the presence of hexagonal-rod-shaped particles. EDX spectrum demonstrates the elemental composition of the ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs and confirms the primary peak of Zn, Cr, and O. The obtained ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs exhibit an antiferromagnetic behavior. The bandgap energy of ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs was ascertained and was shown to be 3.45 eV. Furthermore, the antifungal and antibacterial effect of ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs was examined against pathogenic strains by disc diffusion technique. Besides these, the antimalarial activity of ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs was studied against Plasmodium falciparum . Thus, the as-synthesized ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs showed significant antibacterial, antifungal and antimalarial activity and may be helpful for research opening a novel horizon in nanomedicine. Graphical abstract., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Plastics, micro- and nano-plastics pollution are undoubtedly a severe and crucial ecological threat due to the durability of plastics and their destructive impacts on humans and wildlife. Most scientific investigations have addressed the classification, types, distribution, ingestion, fate, impacts, degradation, and various adverse effect of plastics. Heretofore, scanty reports have addressed implementing strategies for the remediation and mitigation of plastics. Therefore, in this paper, we review the current studies on the degradation of plastics, micro- and nano-plastics aided by microorganisms, and explore the relevant degradation properties and mechanisms. Diverse microorganisms are classified, such as bacteria, fungi, algae, cyanobacteria, wax worms, and enzymes that can decompose various plastics. Furthermore, bio-degradation is influenced by microbial features and environmental parameters; therefore, the ecological factors affecting plastic degradation and the resulting degradation consequences are discussed. In addition, the mechanisms underlying microbial-mediated plastic degradation are carefully studied. Finally, upcoming research directions and prospects for plastics degradation employing microorganisms are addressed. This review covers a comprehensive overview of the microorganism-assisted degradation of plastics, micro- and nano-plastics, and serves as a resource for future research into sustainable plastics pollution management methods., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials nowadays. CuO NPs have numerous applications in biological processes, medicine, energy devices, environmental remediation, and industrial fields from nanotechnology. With the increasing concern about the energy crisis and the challenges of chemical and physical approaches for preparing metal NPs, attempts to develop modern alternative chemistry have gotten much attention. Biological approaches that do not produce toxic waste and therefore do not require purification processes have been the subject of numerous studies. Plants may be extremely useful in the study of biogenic metal NP synthesis. This review aims to shed more light on the interactions between plant extracts and CuO NP synthesis. The use of living plants for CuO NPs biosynthesis is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly process. To date, the findings have revealed many aspects of plant physiology and their relationships to the synthesis of NPs. The current state of the art and potential challenges in the green synthesis of CuO NPs are described in this paper. This study found a recent increase in the green synthesis of CuO NPs using various plant extracts. As a result, a thorough explanation of green synthesis and stabilizing agents for CuO NPs made from these green sources is given. Additionally, the multifunctional applications of CuO NPs synthesized with various plant extracts in environmental remediation, sensing, catalytic reduction, photocatalysis, diverse biological activities, energy storage, and several organic transformations such as reduction, coupling, and multicomponent reactions were carefully reviewed. We expect that this review could serve as a useful guide for readers with a general interest in the plant extract mediated biosynthesis of CuO NPs and their potential applications., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Consider substance abuse if Tx for mood or anxiety disorders is ineffective. Don't defer treating a mental health issue until a substance use disorder is resolved.

Recurrent strokes make up almost 25% of the nearly 800,000 strokes that occur annually in the United States. Risk factors for ischemic stroke include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea, and obesity. Lifestyle modifications, including tobacco cessation, decreased alcohol use, and increased physical activity, are also important in the management of patients with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. Antiplatelet therapy is recommended to reduce the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke. The selection of antiplatelet therapy should be based on timing, safety, effectiveness, cost, patient characteristics, and patient preference. Aspirin is recommended as initial treatment to prevent recurrent ischemic stroke. Clopidogrel is recommended as an alternative monotherapy and in patients allergic to aspirin. The combination of clopidogrel and aspirin is not recommended for long-term use (more than two to three years) because of increased bleeding risk. Aspirin/dipyridamole is at least as effective as aspirin alone, but it is not as well tolerated. Warfarin should not be used for prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke.

Hypertension is one of the most common conditions encountered in primary care. Nonpharmacologic strategies have been shown to help lower blood pressure. Lifestyle modifications are recommended for all patients with hypertension. The American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology lifestyle management guideline recommends a diet emphasizing vegetables, fruits, and whole grains; limiting sodium intake to less than 2,400 mg per day; and exercising three or four times per week for an average of 40 minutes per session. Other nonpharmacologic strategies include weight loss, tobacco cessation, decreased alcohol consumption, biofeedback, and self-measured blood pressure monitoring. For patients with obstructive sleep apnea, the use of continuous positive airway pressure has been shown to improve blood pressure. Dietary supplements such as garlic, cocoa, vitamin C, coenzyme Q10, omega-3 fatty acids, and magnesium have been suggested for lowering blood pressure, but evidence is lacking.

Objective: To examine academic family medicine physicians' current practices, experiences, beliefs, level of concern about negative outcomes, and confidence and comfort when prescribing opioid analgesics for chronic nonmalignant pain management., Design: Electronic cross-sectional survey., Participants: This study was part of the Council of Academic Family Medicine (CAFM) Educational Research Alliance omnibus survey of active academic US family physicians., Main Outcome Measures: Respondents completed survey items addressing their 1) sociodemographic and practice characteristics, 2) current opioid prescribing practices, 3) experiences and beliefs toward prescribing opioid analgesics for chronic nonmalignant pain management, 4) level of concern about negative opioid-related outcomes, and 5) confidence and comfort when prescribing opioid analgesics., Results: The majority of the sample (n=491) were male (57.8 percent) with 84.1 percent identifying themselves as non-Hispanic white. Nearly all respondents (91.0 percent) reported currently prescribing opioids to patients with chronic nonmalignant pain. Most respondents reported being confident (88.4 percent) and comfortable (76.2 percent) in their prescribing for patients with chronic nonmalignant pain. Family physicians who were comfortable in their opioid prescribing skills were more likely to report satisfaction in prescribing opioids to patients with chronic pain (ρ=0.494, p<0.001), while those who were confident in their opioid prescribing skills were more likely to identify pain management as high priority (ρ=-0.287, p<0.001)., Conclusions: Most academic family physicians currently prescribed opioid analgesics to patients with chronic nonmalignant pain. There was a strong inverse relationship between confidence regarding opioid prescription and concern about negative consequences. Similarly, comfort level was tied to increased satisfaction with the overall process of opioid prescription.

Introduction: Carcinoid tumors are variants of neuroendocrine tumors that typically arise from the gastrointestinal tract and the bronchus, but they can involve any organ. Unresolved right shoulder pain manifesting as the first clinical presentation of carcinoid tumor with unknown primary origin is a rare clinical entity. To the best of our knowledge, herein we present the first case report describing metastasis to the right shoulder joint in a patient who presented with bone pain as the first clinical manifestation of metastatic carcinoid tumor of unknown primary origin. Metastasis to the right scapula as the first presentation of an underlying carcinoid tumor in the primary bronchus has been reported previously., Case Presentation: A 72-year-old Caucasian woman presented with pain in her right shoulder after a fall. She delayed seeking medical attention for 4 weeks for personal reasons. Her physical examination revealed no erythema or swelling of the right shoulder. However, tenderness was noted on the right subacromial bursa and the right acromioclavicular joint. Her drop arm test was positive. An X-ray of the right upper extremity showed no fracture. She did not respond to methylprednisolone injections or physical therapy. Because of the unresolved right shoulder pain with disturbance of her daily activities, magnetic resonance imaging of the right shoulder was ordered, which revealed permeative destruction of the right scapula. Because the permeative destruction of the bone could have been an osteolytic malignant feature, positron emission tomography-computed tomography was performed, which produced a scan showing osseous metastasis to the right scapula, multiple liver metastases and a 1.7 cm right-lower-lobe pulmonary nodule. Her serotonin and chromogranin A levels were significantly elevated. The patient was treated with palliative cisplatin and etoposide chemotherapy followed by locoregional treatments for metastatic carcinoid tumor. She had mild improvement in her right shoulder pain, as well as better range of motion and improved quality of life, before she died less than 2 years after her diagnosis., Conclusion: Our present case report emphasizes the protean manifestations of carcinoid tumors with the importance of early diagnosis of bone metastases from these tumors, because early diagnosis plays a major role in choosing the therapeutic regimen and prognosticating the course of the disease. The treatment goals for high-grade, poorly differentiated carcinoid tumors of unknown origin are decreasing the tumor load while controlling symptoms with chemotherapy and local modality treatments.

An enantioselective synthesis of the antifungal natural product (+)-ambruticin S has been accomplished starting with the readily available methyl alpha-d-glucopyranoside, (R)-Roche ester, and (S)-glycidol as chirons, which encompassed seven of the 10 stereogenic centers of the target molecule. The remaining three centers were set by a highly diastereoselective, asymmetric cyclopropanation employing a chiral, nonracemic phosphonamide reagent. Our strategy for the construction of the dihydropyran subunit involved a highly syn-selective Lewis acid catalyzed 6-endo-trig cyclization. Other key steps in the synthesis featured an epoxide opening with a dithiane anion, two efficient phosphonamide-anion based olefinations, and a late-stage C-glycosylation.

The first total synthesis of the antifungal polyketide jerangolid A has been accomplished. Starting with the readily available (R)-Roche ester and (S)-glycidol as chirons, the synthesis involved a highly syn-selective Lewis acid catalyzed 6-endo-trig cyclization for the construction of the dihydropyran subunit. The lactone segment was built through a tandem NaOMe conjugate addition-lactonization reaction, and further functionalized through a sequence consisting of iodination, I-Mg exchange, and hydroxymethylation. Other key steps in the synthesis featured a novel application of a phosphonamide-anion based olefination and a Julia-Kocienski reaction.

Acute myocardial infarction in association with the replacement of recombinant factor VIII in hemophiliacs has not been documented. We describe the use of PTCA in a hemophiliac A patient who developed acute myocardial infarction during factor VIII replacement. Because surgery in hemophiliac A patients remains hazardous, PTCA seems to be an attractive alternative.

Abciximab (c7E3) is the Fab fragment of the chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against glycoprotein IIb/IIIa found on the surface of platelets. It is the first FDA-approved platelet receptor glycoprotein inhibitor. Severe thrombocytopenia (defined as platelet count < 50 x 109/L) on first administration is a rare complication, occurring in only 1.6% of patients in the EPIC (Evaluation of 7E3 for the Prevention of Ischemic Complications) study. Bleeding complications were the rule in these thrombocytopenic patients as reported by EPIC investigators, Kereiakes et al. and Berkowitz et al. Platelet transfusions are required to reverse the bleeding diathesis. Intravenous IgG has not reportedly been helpful in reversing thrombocytopenia, and experience with corticosteroids is not reported in the literature. We report a case of acute profound thrombocytopenia following abciximab administration treated with platelet transfusion augmented by intravenous corticosteroids, in whom there was no bleeding complication.