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8. Observation of Lightning at 500kV Transmission Lines (Part 1)

Author

Ozawa Akio, Masaki Nakada, Takehiko Kikuchi, Katsuhiro Ouchi, and Yoshihisa Tamura

Subjects
Meteorology, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Lightning, Electric power transmission, Shielding Failure, Transmission line, Waveform, Distribution of lightning, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tower, Seismology, Geology, Transmission tower, Remote sensing
Abstract

We investigated the phenomenon of lightning strokes on 500-kV transmission lines from 1984 to 1993. The investigation covered the recording of lightning paths by still cameras and measurements of lightning current at the lower part of transmission tower on 31 towers, over a 12.7-km-long section of the transmission line. We also observed lightning on an isolated tower at a nuclear power station. In the course of lightning observations spanning a 10-year period, we have confirmed the suitability of the lightning protection design on transmission lines. The distribution of lightning incidence angle (θ) expressed in terms of (cosmθ) was characterized by exponent m = 2 for the three-dimensional observations and m = 3.5 for the two-dimensional observations. No cases of shielding failure on 500-kV transmission lines were observed. The ratio of lightning current at the top of the isolated tower to the lower part was about 11 to 1. In addition, the lightning current waveform at the top of the isolated tower was similar to that at the lower part. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 130(2): 59–67, 2000

Published
1997
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25. Valproic Acid Enhances In VitroDevelopment and Oct-3/4 Expression of Miniature Pig Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos

Author

Miyoshi, Kazuchika, Mori, Hironori, Mizobe, Yamato, Akasaka, Eri, Ozawa, Akio, Yoshida, Mitsutoshi, and Sato, Masahiro

Abstract

AbstractThe present study was carried out to examine the effects of valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on in vitrodevelopment of miniature pig somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos and on expression of a mouse Oct-3/4 promoter-driven enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene (EGFP expression only detected in Oct-3/4-expressing cells) introduced into donor cells for SCNT during their development. The addition of 4?mM VPA to embryo culture medium for 48?h after activation significantly (p?

Published
2010
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26. マイワシ(Sardcnops melanostica)各部位から調製したリン脂質混合物の脂質組成

Author

Mitsuru, Nishiwaki, Ohtani Tadashi, Ogihara Kunitake, Kashiyae Masaru, Ozawa Akio, Yamane Tetsuo, and Maekawa Akio

Subjects
Phospholipid mixture, Phospholipid, マイワシ, Sardine, Lipid class composition, 脂質組成, リン脂質, Lipid content in each part, 部位別リン脂質含量, リン脂質混合物
Abstract

前報で生の魚体から分離,回収したリン脂質混合物に雛の成長促進効果があること,および生の魚体からタンパク質分解酵素を用いてリン脂質を回収するための前処理としての酵素処理条件について報告した。本報告では,工業的にリン脂質を回収する場合を想定し,魚加工場で発生する加工副産物(頭,骨,内臓)中のリン脂質含量を知ることを目的とし,生の魚体を肉部,頭・中骨混合部および内臓部の3部位にわけ,それぞれの総脂質含有量,総脂質中リン脂質含有量と脂肪酸組成および各部位から回収したリン脂質混合物,リン脂質混合物中のリン脂質含量などにつき検討した。その結果は次のようにまとめられた。1.マイワシ全魚体の総脂質量は約13%で,総脂質中リン脂質は約11%であった。2.マイワシ全魚体の脂肪酸組成は食品成分表に示されたものとほぼ同じで,全脂肪酸中n-3の合計は32%であった。3.マイワシの3部位中,総脂質含量がもっとも多い部位は内臓部20%で,肉部と頭・中骨混合部は9～12%であった。しかし,各部位の総脂質中リン脂質含量は10～13%と部位による差は少なかった。4.各部位から回収したリン脂質混合物の回収率は肉部と頭・中骨混合部が19～20%で,内臓部は8%であった。5.リン脂質混合物中の総脂質量は乾物換算で肉部29%,内臓部23%,頭・中骨混合部19%であった。また総脂質中のリン脂質含量は内臓部が57%ともっとも高く,肉部,頭・中骨混合部は19～20%と低かった。6.以上より,マイワシ各部から回収できるリン脂質は生原料に対し肉部が1.2%,内臓部が1.1%で,頭・中骨混合部は0.7%であった。, In the previous paper, it was reported that the phospholipid mixture prepared from fish had a growth promoting effect on chick, and the conditions necessary for enzymatic preparation of phospholipids from fish using protease was determined. The aim of this report is to estimate the content of phospholipids in the by-product in the fish-manufacturing factories for effective use of the industrial recovery of phopholipids. The total lipid content was examined together with, the content of phospholipids in total lipids and the fatty-acid composition in the three parts of raw sardine and phospholipid mixture in three parts of raw sardine, meat, head-and-bone mixture and viscera were determined. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The content of total lipids, phospholipids in total lipids in raw sardine was 13% and 11%. 2. Fatty-acid composition of raw sardines was similar to that shown in the table of food composition, and the sum of n-3 fatty acids in the total fatty acids was 32%. 3. The content of total lipids in raw sardines was highest in the viscera (20%) and lowest in the meat and head-and-bone mixture (9-12%). However, the content of phospholipids in the total lipids from each part was 10 to 12%, and there was only a small difference among the three parts. 4. The recovery percentage of phospholipids from the meat and head-and-bone mixture was 19 to 20% and that from the viscera was 8%. 5. The content of total lipids in the phospholipid mixture was 29% on a dry weight basis in the meat, 23% in the viscera and 19% in the head-and-bone mixture. The content of phospholipids in the total lipids was highest in the viscera (56%) and low in the meat and head-and-bone mixture (19 to 20%). 6. The amount of recoverable phospholipids from raw meat, viscera and head-and-bone mixture was estimated to be 1.2, 1.1 and 0.7%, respectively.

27. Blood & Vessel

Author

HIRAI, Aizan, primary, TERANO, Takashi, additional, HAMAZAKI, Tomohito, additional, SAJIKI, Junko, additional, KONDO, Shigemi, additional, OZAWA, Akio, additional, TAMURA, Yasushi, additional, and KUMAGAI, Akira, additional

Published
1982
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35. Computer-aided volumetry of pulmonary nodules exhibiting ground-glass opacity at MDCT.

Author

Oda S, Awai K, Murao K, Ozawa A, Yanaga Y, Kawanaka K, and Yamashita Y

Subjects
Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phantoms, Imaging, Reproducibility of Results, Software, Lung Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted methods, Solitary Pulmonary Nodule diagnostic imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods
Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy and reproducibility of results acquired with computer-aided volumetry software during MDCT of pulmonary nodules exhibiting ground-glass opacity., Materials and Methods: To evaluate the accuracy of computer-aided volumetry software, we performed thin-section helical CT of a chest phantom that included simulated 3-, 5-, 8-, 10-, and 12-mm-diameter ground-glass opacity nodules with attenuation of -800, -630, and -450 HU. Three radiologists measured the volume of the nodules and calculated the relative volume measurement error, which was defined as follows: (measured nodule volume minus assumed nodule volume / assumed nodule volume) x 100. Two radiologists performed two independent measurements of 59 nodules in humans. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement was evaluated with Bland-Altman methods., Results: The relative volume measurement error for simulated ground-glass opacity nodules measuring 3 mm ranged from 51.1% to 85.2% and for nodules measuring 5 mm or more in diameter ranged from -4.1% to 7.1%. In the clinical study, for intraobserver agreement, the 95% limits of agreement were -14.9% and -13.7% and -16.6% to 15.7% for observers A and B. For interobserver agreement, these values were -16.3% to 23.7% for nodules 8 mm in diameter or larger., Conclusion: With computer-aided volumetry of ground-glass opacity nodules, the relative volume measurement error was small for nodules 5 mm in diameter or larger. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement was relatively high for nodules 8 mm in diameter or larger.

Published
2010
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36. Valproic acid enhances in vitro development and Oct-3/4 expression of miniature pig somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos.

Author

Miyoshi K, Mori H, Mizobe Y, Akasaka E, Ozawa A, Yoshida M, and Sato M

Subjects
Animals, Cell Nucleus genetics, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Embryo Culture Techniques methods, Embryo Transfer methods, Embryo, Mammalian cytology, Embryo, Mammalian metabolism, Fluorescent Dyes metabolism, Green Fluorescent Proteins genetics, Green Fluorescent Proteins metabolism, Octamer Transcription Factor-3 genetics, Swine, Time Factors, Transfection veterinary, Embryonic Development drug effects, Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology, Nuclear Transfer Techniques veterinary, Octamer Transcription Factor-3 metabolism, Swine, Miniature embryology, Valproic Acid pharmacology
Abstract

The present study was carried out to examine the effects of valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on in vitro development of miniature pig somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos and on expression of a mouse Oct-3/4 promoter-driven enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene (EGFP expression only detected in Oct-3/4-expressing cells) introduced into donor cells for SCNT during their development. The addition of 4 mM VPA to embryo culture medium for 48 h after activation significantly (p < 0.01) increased the blastocyst formation rate of SCNT embryos compared with the control, whereas VPA did not affect their cleavage rate. The rate of SCNT embryos expressing EGFP at 5 days of culture was not affected by the presence or absence of VPA treatment. At 7 days of culture, however, the addition of 4 mM VPA to embryo culture medium for 48 h after activation significantly (p < 0.05) increased the rate of SCNT embryos expressing EGFP compared with the control. The results indicate that VPA enhances the ability of miniature pig SCNT embryos to develop into blastocysts and maintains the ability of them to express Oct-3/4 gene.

Published
2010
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