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This paper presents a study on the perceptions of primary school teachers regarding their knowledge, usefulness, and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education. Likewise, the relationship between sex, age, working time and the educational center in which it is found with the perceptions about ICT is obtained. To answer these questions, a battery of 14 categorical closed questions is designed, divided into four blocks: socio-demographic information; knowledge of ICT; usefulness of ICT; and use of ICT. In the context of measuring the knowledge, usefulness and use of ICT in education, the novelty of this work relies on the design of an indicator for each of the ICT-related blocks following the methodology of Human Development Indicators created by the United Nations Development Program. In this research, 119 teachers from Spanish primary schools were chosen as the study sample to answer the questions' battery. The results show a direct relationship between knowledge, usefulness, and use, although not significant. Although teachers are aware of the usefulness of ICT, and the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the use of technological tools for planning teaching in blended or distance learning lessons, this does not mean teachers have a greater knowledge of ICT. In addition, the findings indicate a greater knowledge by teachers in public schools, which contrasts with the finding that teachers in grant-assisted schools make the most use of ICT and find it the most useful. Finally, it is also suggested that the study's methodology and approach could be applied to other contexts or countries.

Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) causes substantial economic loss to tomato production, and the Sw-5b resistance gene is widely deployed for management. Here, we show (i) the emergence of resistance-breaking (RB) TSWV strains in processing and fresh market tomato production in California over the past ten years, and (ii) evolutionary relationships with RB strains from other areas. A specific RT-PCR test was used to show the C118Y RB strain that emerged in Fresno County in 2016 quickly became predominant in the central production area and remained so through this study. In 2021, the C118Y strain was detected in the Northern production area, and was predominant in 2022. However, in 2023, the C118Y strain was unexpectedly detected in fewer spotted wilt samples from resistant varieties. This was due to emergence of the T120N RB strain, previously known to occur in Spain. A specific RT-PCR test was developed and used to show that the T120N RB strain was predominant in Colusa and Sutter counties (detected in 75-80% of samples), and detected in ~50% of samples from Yolo County. Pathogenicity tests confirmed California isolates of the T120N strain infected Sw-5b tomato varieties and induced severe symptoms. Another RB strain, C118F, was associated with spotted wilt samples of Sw-5 varieties from fresh market tomato production in southern California. Phylogenetic analyses with complete NSm sequences revealed that the C118Y and T120N RB strains infecting resistant processing tomato in California emerged locally, whereas those from fresh market production were more closely related to isolates from Mexico. Thus, widespread deployment of this single dominant resistance gene in California has driven the local emergence of multiple RB strains in different tomato production areas and types. These results further emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring for RB strains, and identification of sources of resistance to these strains.

Scaling up the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) for autism across service sectors and regions has presented a considerable challenge indicating a clear need for continued development. The California Autism Professional Training and Information Network (CAPTAIN) integrates implementation drivers into specific procedures and methodology as an implementation strategy to support statewide scale up. The current study was designed to evaluate the impact of CAPTAIN on provider-level outcomes including attitude toward, and knowledge, fidelity and use of autism EBPs, and overall classroom quality. Overall, results indicated variability across measures, with some significant differences between CAPTAIN-trained and non-CAPTAIN-trained providers. CAPTAIN-trained providers reported more openness to EBP. Significantly more CAPTAIN-trained direct service providers reported collecting fidelity of implementation data (X[superscript 2](2, N = 1515) = 10.95, p = 0.004), collecting student data (X[superscript 2](2, N = 1509) = 14.19, p = 0.001), and reported using their primary EBP with "most or all students" (X[superscript 2](2, N = 1514) = 11.41, p = 0.003) than providers not trained by CAPTAIN. In summary, these preliminary findings show promise for the efficacy of the CAPTAIN model to increase dissemination and implementation of EBP at the classroom level.

The Philippines has imported 93% (550,000 MT) of its annual salt requirement in 2020. Such heavy reliance on salt importation may be attributed to the two decades of neglect and steady downward production trend of the local salt industry. There is a need to increase local salt production because Filipinos consume salt on a daily basis for over 14,000 uses, ranging from being a household commodity to being utilized for agricultural and industrial processes. It is therefore imperative to increase the number of areas allocated for local salt production. In this study, a suitability analysis for solar salt farm operations in Pangasinan was conducted using geospatial data and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Physical land variables (slope, land cover, distance from coastline, distance from river, and soil texture) and meteorological factors (temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed) were considered to assess the suitability of an area for salt production. Results showed that meteorological factors (62.5%) outweigh the physical land variables (37.5%) by a 25% margin, suggesting the heavy influence of climate on salt production. 4629.88 km2 (or 86.6% of the total land area of Pangasinan) was identified to be suitable for salt production with 496.01 km2 (9.5%) being moderately suitable and 3800.87 km2 (77.1%) being rated as low. The moderately suitable areas were validated using existing salt farm locations in two sites, Dasol and Alaminos City, and showed 62.13% and 28.06% overlapping areas, respectively. The main explanation for these relatively low percentage figures is the gaps in the output suitability map due to the slope and soil datasets. The concentration of the moderately suitable areas is situated along coastal municipalities of Pangasinan including Bolinao, Dasol, Alaminos City, Sual, Agno, Labrador, Infanta, San Fabian, Anda, and Bani. The findings of this study can help policymakers, relevant government agencies and stakeholders in the planning process of revitalizing the salt industry by expanding existing salt farms or constructing new ones in Pangasinan.

Abstract To evaluate the association between discrimination based on sexual orientation and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adolescents. This was a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort performed in southern Brazil. The baseline assessment was carried out in 2010 with a sample of preschoolers (1 to 5 years). Subsequently, these individuals were reassessed, and for the present study, only the data from the final follow-up in 2020 were considered. OHRQoL was assessed by the short version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ11-14). The discrimination due to sexual orientation was measured using item 10 of the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Sociodemographic (sex, age, skin color, maternal education, household income) psychosocial (sense of coherence), and clinical variables (untreated dental caries) were also evaluated. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis was performed to verify the associations. Results are present as rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). A total of 429 adolescents were evaluated – about 67.1% of those assessed at baseline. The prevalence of discrimination due to sexual orientation was 3.3%. Adolescents who reported suffering episodes of discrimination due to sexual orientation presented overall CPQ11-14 scores 16% higher (RR 1.16, 95%CI 1.01-1.36) than their counterparts. Adolescents who reported suffering episodes of discrimination due to sexual orientation presented poorer OHRQoL.

Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL) is a rare type of T-cell lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract that presents an aggressive course. Previously, this entity was named type II T-cell lymphoma associated with enteropathy. However, in later years it was classified as a different entity due to its particular characteristics. This neoplasm usually affects the jejunum and ileum and usually has a clinical presentation with intestinal perforation, intestinal obstruction or bleeding. Its diagnosis requires histopathological evaluation and differentiation from other types of T cell lymphomas that affect the intestine. Its prognosis is usually very poor and therapeutic options are limited and are based on induction chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplant. This article presents the first case of MEITL in Peru, in an elderly patient who presented at hospital emergency with intestinal perforation and that presented multiple relapses of the neoplasm.

Rhus aromatica inhabits humid oak and oakpine forests in the State of Michoacán (Mexico). The fruit of R. aromatica is edible and is traditionally used in the preparation of soft drinks, ice pops, ice creams and ‘atole’. The objective of the present investigation was to carry out a physical and chemical characterization and analysis of the antioxidant capacity of fruit. For the physical characterization, the equatorial and longitudinal diameter, weight and percentage of pulp were determined. In the chemical characterization, a proximal analysis was carried out, quantification of polyphenols and flavonoids was performed, and the antioxidant capacity was determined. The results showed that the fruit had a longitudinal diameter of 6.58 ± 1.02 mm, an equatorial diameter of 7.17 ± 0.66, a weight of 55.22 ± 5.47 mg, and a 40 % pulp proportion. The chemical characterization analysis indicated 8.7 % moisture, 30.6 % lipids, 8.7 % proteins, 29.4 % total sugars, 3.8 % ashes and 18.7 % crude fibre, 3.1 °Brix, pH 3.1, 1.92 % acidity total and a caloric intake of 4.27 kcal/g. The polyphenol content was higher in 60 % ethanol extracts with 88.6 ± 50.89 mg EAG/g; for flavonoids from extracts with 100 % acetone, it was 26.52 ± 0.65 mg EQ/g, and the total carotenoid content was 46.37 mg/100 g. The total antioxidant activity was higher in extracts with 80 % acetone, with 87.17 % inhibition of the DPPH radical and 90 % inhibition of ABTS without showing a significant difference with the different solvents used. The lowest IC50 values were presented in 100 % ethanol and 60 % methanol extracts for the DPPH radical and for the ABTS radical were the 80 % ethanol and 60 % methanol extracts. The lipid, protein, carotenoid, and polyphenol contents and antioxidant capacity of the fruit of R. aromatica were as high as those of other fruits consumed in the human diet.

El presente artículo parte de una petición singular de la Revista Sociología del Trabajo. Se nos propuso a un grupo de sociólogos y sociólogas del trabajo realizar un viaje en el tiempo para observar desde una perspectiva reflexiva el proceso de producción de nuestras tesis doctorales. Esta genial proposición ayudará a esclarecer a nuevas personas que se internen en la investigación social por azar, posibilidad o convencimiento, las dificultades, aprendizajes y, sobre todo, las transformaciones personales y comunitarias que supone tal experiencia vital. El texto que pueden leer a continuación está escrito en primera persona, es un ejercicio de desnudez que parte del convencimiento de la importancia central de comprender la interrelación entre las condiciones de posibilidad, el origen social y el proceso de aprendizaje del autor y el producto científico de su trabajo y dedicación. Se trata de una tesis sobre las estrategias de reproducción social y las condiciones laborales de un territorio del sur de Europa donde la eventualidad laboral y la incertidumbre vital son las normas que condicionan las estrategias de reproducción social de la clase trabajadora. A riesgo de parecer presuntuoso, deseo que esta contribución ayude a seguir creciendo la disciplina de la sociología del trabajo a la que tanto debo.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el impacto del efecto de la pandemia de la COVID-19 en el comportamiento del crecimiento y la rentabilidad empresarial en Colombia. Para lograrlo, se empleó un método de análisis de datos financieros provenientes de 850 empresas colombianas, utilizando un enfoque de datos panel y aplicando el modelo estadístico de efectos fijos y primeras diferencias. Los resultados obtenidos confirmaron la relación existente entre la rentabilidad y el crecimiento empresarial. Además, no se encontraron indicios de una codependencia entre estas variables, ya que tal relación depende de los aspectos particulares de cada contexto. Se observaron impactos tanto positivos como negativos provocados por la COVID-19 en las variables analizadas. Las discusiones posteriores al análisis coinciden con otros estudios al destacar la correspondencia entre la rentabilidad y el crecimiento empresarial. Asimismo, se señala que si bien la mayoría de los impactos de esta pandemia presentan similitudes, varían según el contexto específico de cada empresa. La magnitud de ellos se relaciona con la eficiencia de las respuestas ofrecidas por los gobiernos como por las propias empresas. Estos factores influyen en la interpretación de los resultados y sus implicaciones. En conclusión, este estudio resalta la importancia de profundizar en modelos que permitan cuantificar de manera precisa los impactos de la enfermedad en la rentabilidad y el crecimiento empresarial. Además, se subraya la necesidad de continuar estudiando las tendencias en estas variables, con el objetivo de comprender mejor los efectos a largo plazo en el entorno empresarial colombiano.

BackgroundThe increase in the number of autistic children being identified has led to increased demand on public schools to provide high-quality services. Effectively scaling up evidence-based practice (EBP) use for autistic students is challenging, given the complicated organization of special education. Teachers have significant challenges implementing autism EBP with fidelity. Factors such as implementation leadership and climate and attitudes toward EBP are linked to successful EBP use and may vary at different levels of the education system. Examining mechanisms of successful implementation is a critical step to support scale-up.MethodIn this observational study, conducted from September 2018 to March 2020, California school personnel (n = 2273) at multiple levels of the system completed surveys related to implementation climate, leadership, and attitudes toward EBP. Data were collected throughout California at the Special Education Local Plan Areas, County Office of Education, and district and school levels from educators and administrators working in public schools supporting autistic students. Multi-level modeling was conducted to characterize implementation readiness.ResultsOverall, implementation climate and leadership scores are low across levels with regional levels rated more positively than districts or schools. Attitudes toward EBP were moderate, with those working in schools having the poorest ratings and specialists/trainers and related service providers (e.g., speech-language pathologists) having the highest ratings.ConclusionsOutcomes provide a unique opportunity to compare implementation factors across organizational levels with a large, statewide sample. These data provide guidance for developing implementation interventions at multiple levels of the education system to increase readiness for effective scale-up of autism EBP in schools. Personnel and leaders at different organizational levels may need differentiated training targeting improved implementation climate and leadership. Personnel within districts and schools may experience a particular benefit from leadership support for EBP implementation.

La capacidad de innovación de un país contribuye a mejorar su posición competitiva, por lo que el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la capacidad de innovación en México y su posicionamiento a nivel mundial. En metodología se realizó un análisis multivariado de análisis de clúster para clasificar 109 países en función al Índice de Competitividad Global, posteriormente a través del análisis de regresión lineal múltiple se diseñó un modelo estadístico de la relación funcional de México con respecto al constructo de capacidad de innovación. Los resultados derivan en una contribución significativa porque se realiza un mapeo de las economías clasificándolas en cinco clústeres y para el caso de México se obtiene un modelo de la capacidad de innovación explicada por cinco variables: población que usa internet, artículos científicos y técnicos, patentes, gasto en investigación y desarrollo en porcentaje del producto interno bruto e Investigadores. En conclusión, este artículo provee un panorama comparativo del desempeño de los países evaluados, además modela la capacidad de innovación de México. Estos hallazgos representan un diagnóstico para el diseño o mejora de las políticas públicas que fomenten la innovación y competitividad.

A partir de estudios previos de investigación, surge la necesidad de aplicar técnicas de simulación de operaciones en las micro rutas de aprovechamiento del servicio público de aseo de Sogamoso. El objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar las operaciones en el proceso de transporte, selección y clasificación de residuos sólidos aprovechables para estudios posteriores poder evaluar la rentabilidad económica de las micro rutas que optimice el manejo de los residuos desde la fuente hasta los transformadores finales. La gestión sostenible de los residuos, el uso eficiente de los recursos y la participación ciudadana en la prevención y valorización, se alinean con los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS 11 y 12). La población de estudio son los recicladores de oficio de la red de aprovechamiento de servicio público de aseo en Sogamoso, quienes conocen la información necesaria de caracterización de las operaciones para apuntar los resultados hacia el aseguramiento de la gestión sostenible de residuos con la participación ciudadana en la prevención y valorización de los residuos que se producen en la ciudad de Sogamoso.

Abstract Migraine is a disabling neurovascular disorder among people of all ages, with the highest prevalence in the fertile years, and in women. Migraine impacts the quality of life of affected individuals tremendously and, in addition, it is associated with highly prevalent metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction. Also, the clinical response to drugs might be affected in patients with metabolic disease due to body composition and metabolic change. Therefore, the efficacy of antimigraine drugs could be altered in patients with both migraine and metabolic disease. However, knowledge of the pharmacology and the related clinical effects of antimigraine drugs in patients with metabolic disease are limited. Therefore, and given the clinical relevance, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the current research and hypotheses related to the influence of metabolic state and body composition on the action of antimigraine drugs. In addition, the influence of antimigraine drugs on metabolic functioning and, vice versa, the influence of metabolic diseases and its hormonal modulating medication on migraine activity is outlined. Future exploration on personalizing migraine treatment to individual characteristics is necessary to enhance therapeutic strategies, especially given its increasing significance in recent decades.

Sudden cardiac death causes multiple deaths annually, and T-wave alternans are a reliable predictor of this fatal event. Detecting alternans is crucial for reducing disease incidence, and electrocardiographic imaging is a promising tool, providing spatial-temporal insights. The absence of references and segmentation methods specific to these data may complicate progress in the field. Therefore, this work aimed to develop a reference for evaluating estimation methods. Initially, a novel T-wave segmentation procedure specific to these data was introduced and compared with a commonly used method. Subsequently, a reference for assessing alternans estimation methods was created by integrating alternans into epicardial signals through a spatial-temporal Gaussian function. Finally, a bootstrap-based classifier for detecting alternans was developed. Results underscored the superiority of the novel T-wave segmentation procedure, with the lowest 95% confidence interval being $[16.57~\mu V, 18.80~\mu V]$ , indicating significant disparities between the two segmentation methodologies. Furthermore, the generated reference demonstrated the distinguishability of T-wave alternans with an amplitude of approximately $55~\mu V$ from noise. Additionally, the classifier exhibited consistency with previous findings, demonstrating its ability to detect alternans with amplitudes around $50~\mu V$ . In conclusion, this study provides a spatial-temporal reference for proper evaluation of estimation methods, contributing to establishing a gold standard.

Micro-earthquakes are frequently associated with volcanic activity and are vital indicators of volcanic processes. These minor seismic events occur within or near volcanic systems, yielding valuable insights into subsurface activities. Geologists meticulously record and analyze these events to monitor volcanoes and forecast eruptions. While recent years have seen several studies proposing automated detection and classification systems of seismic events, approaches based on Manifold Learning techniques could be beneficial in terms of information interpretability and transfer learning to other Machine Learning tasks. This paper presents a novel approach employing audio features and psychoacoustic scales to represent micro-earthquakes at Cotopaxi and Llaima Volcanoes, and these representations are then transformed into low-dimensional latent spaces. We implemented a multi-class classification system for events generated by these volcanoes, incorporating feature selection techniques based on audio-inspired features. This approach enhances the detection of volcanic phenomena triggering eruptions and improves interpretability. Our results indicated high accuracy, with rates of 94.44% for Llaima Volcano and 95.45% for Cotopaxi Volcano when utilizing mutual information to select the most relevant features. Spectral Roll-off Point and Spectral Flux dominate in classifying events for both volcanoes. These findings suggest that low-dimensional latent spaces, particularly when utilizing spectral features, can be a promising foundation for developing transfer learning schemes in general, and new multi-class classification systems in particular, for detecting volcanic micro-earthquakes.

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the correlation between components of financial inclusion and the growth of manufacturing microenterprises in Bogotá, focusing on the period from 2012 to 2016. Utilizing data sourced from the ‘Annual Survey of Micro Establishments’ provided by National Administrative Department of Statistics, the research includes an extensive literature review, a meticulous comparison of the financial inclusion components employed by these microenterprises and an evaluation of their impact on business growth using a linear panel data model with random effects. Findings suggests that microenterprises utilizing financial products exhibit sustained growth over time compared to those that do not. Furthermore, this study introduces an innovative perspective by quantitatively addressing the relationship between financial inclusion and the business growth of such companies in developing countries. As a recommendation, microenterprises should focus their efforts on establishing robust financial management practices, formalizing through RUT (Single Taxpayer Registry), adopting digitalization strategies and advocating for equitable financial inclusion policies. While the study contributes to the literature on financial inclusion, a more in-depth qualitative exploration of cultural and idiosyncratic factors is advised.

The Paris Agreement's ambitious target of limiting the global temperature rise to 1.5°C remains elusive, with the world falling short of its climate commitments. The electricity sector, responsible for a substantial 39% of global carbon emissions, plays a pivotal role in curbing climate change. Transitioning to renewable energy sources is not just an environmental imperative but also a pressing economic challenge, especially for governments tasked with financing renewable projects. This study explores the economic dimensions of decarbonizing electricity grids, shedding light on the costs and benefits. This research quantifies the costs of current fossil fuel-based electricity production versus achieving net-zero emissions across ten Latin American countries by evaluating annual electricity generation costs and estimating the expenses of transitioning to renewables. We find that decarbonizing these countries’ electricity grids would lead to annual savings close to USD 21 billion annually, potentially contributing positively to their economies. The study also compares the energy policies for each of the ten Latin American nations included, evaluating the role of renewable-oriented policies in decarbonizing power generation. We also find that policies vary in effectiveness across countries, and have to be in line with geographical constraints and economic realities.