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Sin financiación 3.374 JCR (2020) Q3, 93/146 Endocrinology & Metabolism 0.926 SJR (2020) Q2, 636/2446 Medicine (miscellaneous) No data IDR 2020 UEM

Natural Origin grant and conducted in the Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain. No data 2019 UEM

Introduction: The sympathetic nervous system modulates many metabolic and hormonal responses to exercise. It is not well known its influence on serum levels of peptide hormone hepcidin, a key iron metabolism regulator, during exercise. Material and methods: This study examined the effects of exercise intensity on the hepcidin response and treated to relate catecholamine and hepcidin responses to exercise. Fifteen trained cyclists and triathletes undertook a maximal stress test on a cycle ergometer followed by two different intensity tests (moderate and high) in random order. The two tests consisted of 30 min of exercise at an intensity 10% lower than that corresponding to the ventilatory threshold (VT) (30-MI) or the respiratory compensation point (RCP) (30-HI). Results and discussion: Despite higher norepinephrine levels detected after the 30-MI test versus baseline (p

Cocoa is a functional food with a high content of polyphenols, compounds that participate in the cytokine regulation pathways. Different studies support the action of skeletal muscle as a secretory organ during physical exercise, recently describing that a physical exercise bout is characterized by the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6), which promotes the benefits of exercise, such as loss of visceral adipose tissue (VAT). The hypothesis of our study is that chronic cocoa consumption could increase the level of systemic IL-6, which promotes a decrease in VAT. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, España, Proyecto AGL2016-77288-R Programa de Becas Ramón y Cajal (2012_11910) Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (Beca FPU 2016/01110) No data JCR 2020 0.203 SJR (2020) Q4, 99/124 Nutrition and Dietetics No data IDR 2019 UEM

Sin financiación No data JCR 2020 UEM

Introduction Cystic fibrosis is the most lethal autosomal recessive disease with higher prevalence in Caucasian population [1]. More than 1,800 mutations have been identified and can be clustered in six functional groups, therefore, altering the secretion and absorption in different tissues. Recurrent infections result in an increased damage to the lungs that leads to hypoxia in peripheric tissues such as skeletal muscle. Then, skeletal muscle weakness displays very early in patients with CF [2]. Recent studies have shown that CFTR protein is expressed in skeletal muscle, and therefore CF has a direct effect in this tissue [3]. Both respiratory damage and muscular weakness result in a reduced exercise capacity that will lead to exercise intolerance and reduction of expectoration and pulmonary function. Objective: Determine the effect of a strength exercise program on muscle function in children with CF. Methods: 17 pediatric patients with CF participated in a randomized, prospective, controlled design. They were divided in two groups: Control Group (CG) (n=9; Age 12.43 ± 3.78 years; follow standard medical care), and Exercise Group (EG) (n=8; Age 12.75 ± 3.06 years; follow 8 weeks of supervised exercise program). We measured muscle strength by 5RM test of both the upper and lower limbs in pediatric weight training machines. Mean differences between groups and measurements was determined using a mixed multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The EG showed a significant improvement in strength relative to body weight compared to the CG (p=0.015). A large and significant effect size was observed on the leg press strength (p=0.003; η2p =0.514), bench press (p=0.008; η2p=0.428) and seated lateral row (p=0.008; η2p =0.435). Discussion: In this preliminary data it seems that the muscles of the CF pediatric patient can respond to exercise and improve muscle strength despite having CFTR deficit. Practical application: To maintain a correct body composition and physical condition in CF it’s related with better disease prognosis. Strength exercise programs may be a useful and capable tool to maintain and improve the body muscle mass in CF. Sin financiación No data 2019 UEM

Introducción: La fibrosis quística es la enfermedad genética potencialmente fatal más común entre niños caucásicos, pese a la gravedad, gracias a los avances que ha habido en los últimos años en el diagnóstico, ha aumentado la esperanza de vida y esto hace necesario analizar su condición física (CF) en las distintas etapas que pueden atravesar en la edad adulta. Objetivo: Describir los niveles de fuerza muscular del tren inferior, la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria y la calidad de vida (CV) de sujetos adultos con FQ en tres etapas diferentes de la enfermedad. Material y Método. Las variables de este estudio descriptivo fueron: la fuerza muscular de las extremidades inferiores, medida a través del test “Chair Stand Test” (repeticiones/minuto)[1]; la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria fue analizada a través de un test de esfuerzo incremental en tapiz rodante con análisis de gases, valorando el consumo de oxígeno pico (VO2pico) alcanzado (ml·kg-1·min-1); y la CV, analizada utilizando el test “Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised” (CFQ-R)[2]. La muestra se clasificó en tres grupos: grupo 1) espera de trasplante; grupo 2) post-trasplante; grupo 3) volumen espiratorio forzado (FEV) menor a 60%. El programa estadístico utilizado para valorar los resultados fue el “Statistical Programme Social Science” (SPSS-19). Los datos se presentan con media y desviación estándar. Resultados. 14 pacientes (71% mujeres) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión de este estudio. La media de edad fue de 36±1 años. Las características de los pacientes por grupos fueron: grupo 1 [n4; edad(años) 37±7; VO2pico(ml·kg-1·min-1) 27,5±5,2; fuerza(repeticiones) 21±6; dimensión física CV(%) 62,5±14,8]; grupo 2 [n5; edad(años) 38±7; VO2pico(ml·kg-1·min-1) 27,2±4,9; fuerza(repeticiones) 24±6; dimensión física CV(%) 82,5±25,9]; grupo 3 [n5; edad(años) 33±12; VO2pico(ml·kg-1·min-1) 32,8±7,8; fuerza(repeticiones) 24,6; dimensión física CV(%) 66,7±24,2]. Discusión. El grupo de pacientes con FQ con un FEV menor a 60% obtuvo resultados ligeramente superiores que el resto de los grupos analizados. Sheppard E et al. concluyeron que el test funcional utilizado que valora la fuerza muscular se puede aplicar con éxito en ámbito clínico [1]. Aplicación práctica: Tras los resultados obtenidos sería de gran interés poder hacer un estudio controlado aleatorizado aplicando un programa de entrenamiento y valorar sus efectos. Sin financiación No data 2019 UEM

Introduction: High soluble-fraction levels of Alpha-Klotho have been related with anti-inflammatory effects on the organism, decreased degenerative processes, and longevity[1-2]. In addition, SαKl levels increase immediately after an acute endurance exercise that does not occur after plyometric exercise[3]. Nevertheless, there is no literature to date regarding the behavior of the protein during the recovery period following plyometric exercise. Due to its well-known antiinflammatory response, we hypothesized that a SαKl levels increment could happen during the hours following a plyometric exercise session. Our main objective was to analyze the acute effect of a single plyometric exercise bout on SαKl and its kinetics during the 72 following hours. Method: 39 physically-active males (aged=18-35; VO2max=55.6±5.19 ml/kg/min) underwent one eccentric-focused plyometric session. Their serum SαKL and Creatine-Phosphokinase (CPK) levels were measured before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) the session, as well as 24, 48 and 72 hours later. Results: We found overall significant differences in the SαKl kinetics (F=4.182; p=0.011). SαKl increased significantly between POST and 24h (p=0.041; d=0.499) and between POST and 48h (p=0.007; d=0.873). Statistically significant differences were also observed in the CPK measures through the different time intervals (F=22.591; p=0.001). Discussion: There are some studies focusing on the SαKl response to aerobic or anaerobic exercise[1, 4], but to the best of our knowledge this is the first study analyzing the acute effect of a specific plyometric exercise protocol on SαKl secretion during 72h. SαKl levels presented a late response after the exercise session, remaining elevated from 24h to 72h post exercise. Furthermore, SαKl followed similar kinetics to CPK, a muscle damage and inflammation biomarker. In conclusion, we suggest that Klotho protein could play an anti-inflammatory role after plyometric exercise. And although more studies are needed, in this regard, the finding could have a relevant practical implication both in the clinic and in sport. 2019/UEM08 No data 2019 UEM

There is an increasing interest in the use of eccentric muscle exercise to improve physical condition, especially with regards to its health-related benefits. However, it is known that unaccustomed eccentric exercise causes muscle damage and delayed pain, commonly defined as "delayed onset muscle soreness" (DOMS). The efficacy of herbal preparations in subjects suffering from DOMS has been reported in a few previous studies with small or moderate outcome measures related to muscle recovery. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a polyherbal mixture containing whole Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Bixa orellana L., powders called ReWin(d) in young male athletes suffering from DOMS induced by a 1-hour session of plyometric exercises. Thirty-three young male athletes participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 17 of them assigned to the Rewin(d) group and 16 of them to the Placebo group. Creatine kinase (CK) was measured as a muscle damage marker, pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), muscle performance was measured through half-squat exercise (HS) monitored with an accelerometer (Encoder) and Heart rate variability (HRV) was monitored for 5 minutes with the subjects in the supine position. All determinations were performed before and after the eccentric session and 24, 48 and 72 hours after the session. Natural Origin Universidad Europea de Madrid No data 2019 UEM

INTRODUCTION: Mitochondrion is the cellular organelle that produces energy for the organism generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using O2 and nutrients. Physical capacity levels are thus directly related with mitochondrial activity (1). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is proportional to the mtDNA volume in a cell, and can be used as a marker of mitochondrial function (2). Several polymorphisms in the genes of the cellular mitochondrial regulation pathway are already known to be related with the elite athlete status and physical capacity (3,4). Nevertheless, to date, there is few information about the functional relationship between these polymorphisms and the physiological mechanisms leading to an improvement of the physical capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible functional relationship between mitochondrial pathway genes and the mitochondrial activity in men with high cardiorespiratory fitness level. METHODS: We measured the leukocyte mtDNA copy number in 38 healthy men aged between 18-45 with a VO2max above 55 ml.kg1.min-1 using a Mitochondrial to Nuclear DNA Ratio kit. The analysed singles nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the biogenesis pathway were: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1-alpha (PPARGC1A) G482S (rs8192678); Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 (NRF1) A>G (rs6949152) and Nuclear Respiratory Factor 2 (NRF2) A>C (rs12594956); Mitochondrial Transcription Factor-A (TFAM) S12T (rs1937); Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-delta (PPARD) A>G (rs2267668)). For statistical analyses, we used the SPSS for Windows software version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: None of the analyses presented significant association between the different genotypes of the selected polymorphisms and the mtDNA copy numbers (all P>0,071). CONCLUSION: Our results in this pilot study presented important inter-individual variability for mtDNA copy number, even in the groups of subjects presenting the same genotypes in each SNP. This could explain the lack of signification for the studied associations. Furthermore, our results did not show the significant relationship generally found by other authors between the genotypes of the polymorphisms of the biogenesis pathway genes and markers of physical capacity like VO2max (all P>0,062). In the future, we plan to increase the number of subjects, in order to try to reduce the variability of our results. Sin financiación No data 2019 UEM

BACKGROUND. Mitochondrion is the cellular organelle that produces energy for the organism, generating adenosine triphosphate using O2 and nutrients. Physical capacity levels are thus directly related with mitochondrial activity (1). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is proportional to the mtDNA volume in a cell, and can be used as a measure of mitochondrial function (2). The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness level and leukocyte relative mtDNA copy number in healthy men. METHODS. 103 healthy men aged between 18-45 divided into two groups: high cardiorespiratory fitness level with VO2max above 55 ml.kg-1.min-1 (Group 1) and low cardiorespiratory fitness level with VO2max below 45 ml.kg-1.min-1 (Group 2). VO2max was measured in a maximal incremental treadmill test a with gas analyser (ULTIMA series, MEDGRAPHICS, cardiorespiratory diagnostic). mtDNA copy number was measured in peripheral blood leukocytes. Blood samples were collected in collection tubes containing EDTA and DNA extraction was obtained using the High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit. The leukocyte relative mtDNA copy number was analysed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method with SYBR Green. Threshold cycle number (Ct) values of the β-globin nuclear gene and the COX1 mitochondrial gene were used to determine the mtDNA content. The content of the mtDNA was calculated using the following equation: relative copy number = 2ΔCt (ΔCt = Ct nDNA - Ct mitDNA). For statistical analyses, we used the U the Mann-Whitney test with software SPSS for Windows version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS. VO2max was 58.7±3.9 ml.kg-1.min-1 for group 1 and 39.6±3.8 ml.kg-1.min-1 for group 2. We found significant differences in mtDNA copy number between the groups (392.18 ± 881.2 for group 1 and 156.41 ± 154.3 for group 2) (p=0,044). DISCUSSION. Our results are in accorance to Chang et al. 2016 results in postmenopausal women (3) and to Bayarca et al. 2016 results in athletes (4). In conclusion, it seems that mtDNA copy number can represent an interesting novel biomarker for cardiorespiratory fitness capacity level. Practical implementation: mtDNA copy number is a good indirect predictor of mitochondrial function and usefull for mesure mitochondrial biogenesis in physical activity. 2018UEM05 No data 2019 UEM

Heart Rate Variability represents variations between consecutive heart beats (beat to beat or R-R intervals) and has long been used in stratification of the risk of sudden cardiac death and diabetic autonomic neuropathy. In recent years, HRV’s frequency and time domain indices have also gained increasing interest in sports science. The aim of this study was to analyze the kinetics of HRV 72 hours after performing an acute exercise that induces DOMS. A descriptive study was conducted in which 41 healthy and athlete’s males participated, who performed the eccentric exercise protocol described by Howatson to induce DOMS. The analysis of the HRV was carried out before, immediately after, and at 24, 48 and 72 hours after the acute exercise, using the Ambit3 monitor (Suunto, Amer Sports, Strava, Finland). The NN intervals were analyzed using Kubios HRV software (version 3.1.0) to measure standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) as a metric of a total variability and ratio of the low to high frequency power (HF/LF) as a metric of sympathovagal balance. Natural Origin Universidad Europea de Madrid No data 2019 UEM

Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento sobre la fuerza muscular en un grupo de niños y adolescentes diagnosticados con tumores sólidos (TS) y linfomas (L) durante la fase de tratamiento quimioterápico neoadyuvante. Método: El diseño fue un ensayo controlado aleatorizado. La variable de fuerza fue medida en kilogramos a través del test 5repeticiones máximas (5RM), analizando diferentes grupos musculares. Esta variable se valoró en tres momentos diferentes:1) momento A, inicio del tratamiento; 2) momento B, fin del tratamiento; 3) momento C, dos meses después del cese delentrenamiento (desentrenamiento). La dosis de entrenamiento fue: a) la frecuencia de las sesiones fue tres entrenamientos semanales (60–70 minutos), realizando tres series de 8–15repeticiones en un circuito de cinco ejercicios, b) intensidad, 50%de 1RM estimado, c) duración del periodo de tratamiento quimioterápico; d) en máquinas pediátricas adaptadas. El testANOVA 3x2 [Statistical Programme Social Science (SPSS–v24)] fue utilizado para valorar el análisis estadístico. Resultados: 49 pacientes (71% varones) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión de este estudio, aleatorizados en 25 casos grupo control y 24 intervención. La duración y adherencia promedio del entrenamiento fueron de 19±2 semanas y del68±4%, respectivamente. Encontramos diferencias significativas en la interacción tiempo*grupo en todos los ejercicios de fuerza(p

INTRODUCTION: High levels of soluble fraction of alpha Klotho (sαKl) have been related to longevity, with a decrease in degenerative processes and with an anti-inflammatory effect on the organism. On the other hand, an increase in sαKl levels has been described immediately after having completed an acute aerobic exercise1. The literature suggests that eccentric exercise would not have the same acute effect on this protein2 but does not report the behavior of the protein during the recovery period. Taking this background, the main objective was to analyze the acute effect of an eccentric exercise on the sαKl protein and its kinetics during the 72 hours following it. METHODS: Participation of 15 male subjects from 18 to 35 years old with good physical condition (VO2max. 50 and 70ml/kg/min). All of them underwent an acute exercise session consisting of 100 jumps from a 50cm drawer followed by a plyometric phase, the entire execution with 10% of their additional body weight. Physical condition (VO2max) was measured with ergo spirometry and body composition (BAI: percentage of fat; ASM: Muscular Index Appen MM/height2 [kg/m2]; VATarea: visceral fat) by dual X-ray densitometry (DEXA), they measured for the sample recruitment. As a primary variable the serum levels of sαKL measured by ELISA (αKlotho Assay kit, IBL) in T1 (acute pre-intervention), T2 (acute post-intervention), T3 (24 hours after acute exercise), T4 (48 hours later) and T5 (72 hours later). RESULTS: Homogeneous sample with VO2max averages of 57.4 ± 5.2ml/kg/min; BAI 17.7 ± 2.7%; VATarea 47.21 ± 11.6cm2 and ASM 8.3 ± 0.6. The average for the concentrations of sαKl at times T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 are 1064.05 ± 211.23pg/ml; 982.25 ± 226.65pg/ml; 1464.73 ± 262.12pg/ml; 1465.97 ± 321.60pg/ml and 1309.68 ± 595.45pg/ml, respectively. They only present significant differences between subjects in T5 (p=0.018). Between the assessment moments the sαKl levels are statistically significant between T1 and T2 (p=0.003) and between T2 and T3 (p=0.001). There is a significant decrease between the acute pre and post-session moments2, however, this difference may not be relevant from a biological point of view. The main increase is observed between the post-intervention time and the following 24 hours, maintaining, in all cases, these levels between 24 and 48 hours, and finally reaching baseline values in 40% of the subjects at 72 hours. CONCLUSION: According to the literature the results suggest that an eccentric exercise does not have immediate acute effect on soluble alpha Klotho2, but the behavior of 24, 48 and 72 hours could be an inflammatory response to this type of exercise. 2018/URM11 No data 2019 UEM

Sin financiación No data 2018 UEM

INTRODUCTION: Physical inactivity and a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet produces alterations in body composition that may determinate a worse control of chronic diseases such as asthma (1), this is one of the most frequent diseases in childhood. Some investigation in animal show the exercise can be decreased an asthma inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (2), as well as systemic inflammation, which could help control asthma (3) Objectives: to analyze the effect of aerobic and strength exercise program in asthmatic children with symptoms of bronchospasm induced by exercise, with physical exercise on variables of physical condition and quality of life. METHODS: Randomized controlled trial with control group that compared their usual physical activity vs. exercise program for 12 weeks, 3 days/week, and 60 min/day. It is assessed the physical condition (ergospirometry on treadmill and strength of peripheral muscles) and quality of life with Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ). RESULTS: The study included 43 children from 7 to 17 years old distributed in Control Group (CG, n = 27) and Intervention Group (IG, n = 16). The average adherence to the program was 82.8%. In VO2peak in ml · kg - 1 · min - 1 the IG had 3.31 ± 1.51 with respect to the CG that obtained 0.25 ± 0.71 in the interaction time per group was p(txg) = 0.064 with an increase in the IG of with respect to the CG, Statistically significant improvements were observed in all strength parameters evaluated, with more significance in High Row p(txg) = 0.006, Leg Press p(txg) = 0.002 and Hamstrings p(txg) = 0.003. We couldn’t see improves in quality of life. CONCLUSION: Similar studies in children with asthma observe improvements in VO2max in 1 METS approximately what, according to investigations is a considerable improvement for this population (4), also some investigation shows than the strength in the same population improves significantly and recent systematic review are demonstrating an adequate level of physical activity with a protective factor against asthma (5). In relation with PAQLQ the values weren’t changed probably because the sample has high results in PRE-PAQLQ, 53,3% of them has controlled asthma with at least two drugs. In conclusion 12 weeks of exercise program improves both, cardiorespiratory level and specially strength level in children with mild-moderate asthma. (1) Wanrooij VH, Willeboordse M, Dompeling E, van de Kant KD. (2014). Br J Sports Med. 48(13):1024-31. (2) Silva RA, Vieira RP, Duarte AC, Lopes FD, Perini A, Mauad T, Martins MA et al. (2010). EurRespir J. 35(5):994-1002. (3) Wärnberg J, Cunningham K, Romeo J, Marcos A.(2010). Proc NutrSoc. 69(3):400-6. (4) Counil FP, Varray A, Matecki S, Beurey A, Marchal P, Voisin M et al. (2003). J Pediatr. 142(2):179-84. (5) Eijkemans M, Mommers M, Draaisma JM, Thijs C, Prins MH. (2012). PLoSOne. 7(12): e50775. Sin financiación No data 2018 UEM

Sin financiación No data 2018 UEM

Sin financiación No data 2018 UEM

Introducción: αKlotho (αKL) es una proteína transmembrana que posee un corte proteolítico en su dominio externo facilitando la liberación de una fracción soluble (sKL). Los efectos fisiológicos de sKL parece coincidir con los efectos beneficiosos del ejercicio físico sobre la salud. En este sentido, niveles elevados de sKL se han relacionado con la prevención de osteopenia, atrofia muscular y enfermedades cardiorrespiratorias1 e incluso con efectos antienvejecimiento. La actividad física contribuye también a mantener una adecuada composición corporal ayudando a la obtención de un estilo de vida saludable2. Objetivo: (1) Analizar el efecto del ejercicio agudo y crónico sobre los niveles de la sKL; (2) Analizar el efecto de la condición física y la composición corporal sobre sKL. Metodología: ensayo clínico con una intervención de ejercicio en 2 momentos: Momento A con T1 (pre-intervención aguda) y T2 (post intervención aguda); y momento B con T3 (pre-intervención aguda) y T4 (post intervención aguda). Entre A y B pasaron 8 semanas de entrenamiento (1 hora/3 veces semana, intensidad moderada–vigorosa). Participaron 7 hombres sanos (edad media 35,6±3,9 años). Las variables analizadas fueron: (1) sKL sérico por ELISA (Human soluble Assay kit) en T1, T2, T3 y T4. (2) Condición física con test directo en tapiz (Technogym; analizador de gases Fitmate de Cosmed) en T1. (3) Composición corporal en T1 con bioimpedancia (Inbody 720) utilizando masa muscular total en kilogramos (MEE) y masa grasa total en porcentaje (MG). Las variables 2 y 3 se categorizaron según: MEE 34kg: alta; MG: 20%: moderada-alta; y VO2máx: Alto >44ml/kg/min y moderada-baja

Sin financiación No data WoS No data Scopus 0.953 SPI - ICEE (2018), 135 de 272 General - Editoriales españolas UEM