Search

Resumen del trabajo presentado al 20th International Symposium on Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants (ISINIP), celebrado en Reims (Francia) del 4 al 8 de julio de 2022., The authors gratefully acknowledge the Competitiveness project: RTI2018- 096268-B-I00, and the Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) and Structural Funds 2014 2020 (ERDF and ESF) project AGRISOSTCM S2018/BAA-4330

Oxibendazole is a veterinary drug used as an antihelmintic for companion and farm animals. This drug may enterin to the environment directly, via excretion of faeces and urine by grazing animals, or indirectly, when manure of treated farm animals are used as soil organic amendment. In this work, a simple, fast, reliable and sensitive method based on microwave-assisted micellar extraction (MAME) procedure, using Genapol X-080 (0.5%) as surfactant, has been developed for the quantification of oxibendazole in soil samples. Two classical methods, based on mechanical shaking and ultrasonic assisted extraction followed by solid phase extraction, were compared with the MAME procedure. Oxibendazole was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector. In the optimization of the MAME procedure were evaluated four parameters: surfactant volume, stirring, irradiation power and extraction time. Optimum conditionswere 20 ml of Genapol X-080 (0.5%), irradiation power of1000 W, extraction time of 2 minutes and stirring. At these MAME conditions, good recoveries (around 90%) were obtained, significantly higher than those found by classical method (below 55%). Two different soils from Madrid(central Spain) were included in the study. Results confirmed the extraction effectiveness is strongly influenced by physico-chemical soil properties.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of amendments in a contaminated soil to be restored using phytostabilization, immediately after the application of the additives. Metal concentration in pore-water was determined as metal bioavailability parameter. Fractionation on carbonate and exchangeable phases were also performed as an additional parameter to evalúate metal bioavailability in soil. The studied soil originated from an abandoned open-cast mine in Toledo (Spain). Total Pb, Cd and Zn concentrations were higher than the threshold valúes of the Spanish legislation. Different additives were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment: two types of cyclonic ashl modified alumninosilicates originating from two different coal burning electricity piants using fluidised bed technology and steel shots, mainly consisting of iron oxides. Two weeks before sampling, pots were wetted at 50 % the water retention capacity with distilled water. Samples were taken after 15, 60, 100 and 205 days. Pore water extracts (Rhizon sampler) were analysed for determine Zn, Cd and Pb (ICP-AES). Soil samples were taken to evalúate pH, electrical conductivity total, exchangeable and carbonate adsorbed metáis. At the end of the experiment, piants that spontaneously colonised the soil were harvested to assess Zn, Cd and Pb (ICP-AES) in the biomass. Immediately after the application of the additives, metal concentration ¡n pore water and exchangeable phase decreased was confirmed by Zn and Cd absorption by the piants. All these parameters seem to support that the presence of cyclonic ash improves the association of Zn and Cd to the less mobile phases. Although the Pb in the pore water solution decreased and the exchangeable fraction and the fraction specifically adsorbed to carbonates did not increase in soils treated with additives, the valúes found in plant questioned that this metal was immobilised in soils. Research was supported by Project REN2002-02501 (Micyt) and a postdoctoral fellowship to Araceli Pérez-Sanz from The COMUNIDAD AUTÓNOMA de MADRID - European Social Fund.

8 páginas, ilustraciones y tablas estadísticas., The objective of this work was to evalúate the effectiveness of amendments in a contaminated soil to be restored using phytostabilization, immediately after the application of the additives. Metal concentration in pore-water was determined as metal bioavailability parameter. Fractionation on carbonate and exchangeable phases were also performed as an additional parameter to evalúate metal bioavailability in soil. The studied soil originated from an abandoned open-cast mine in Toledo (Spain). Total Pb, Cd and Zn concentrations were higher than the threshold valúes of the Spanish legislation. Different additives were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment: two types of cyclonic ashl modified alumninosilicates originating from two different coal burning electricity piants using fluidised bed technology and steel shots, mainly consisting of ¡ron oxides. Two weeks before sampling, pots were wetted at 50 % the water retention capacity with distilled water. Samples were taken after 15, 60, 100 and 205 days. Pore water extracts (Rhizon sampler) were analysed for determine Zn, Cd and Pb (ICP-AES). Soil samples were taken to evalúate pH, electrical conductivity total, exchangeable and carbonate adsorbed metáis. At the end of the experiment, piants that spontaneously colonised the soil were harvested to assess Zn, Cd and Pb (ICP-AES) in the biomass. Immediately after the application of the additives, metal concentration ¡n pore water and exchangeable phase decreased was confirmed by Zn and Cd absorption by the piants. All these parameters seem to support that the presence of cyclonic ash improves the association of Zn and Cd to the less mobile phases. Although the Pb in the pore water solution decreased and the exchangeable fraction and the fraction specifically adsorbed to carbonates did not increase in soils treated with additives, the valúes found in plant questioned that this metal was immobilised in soils., REN2002-02501 (Micyt)

Mining processes and metallurgical industries as well as the use of fungicides and inorganic fertilizers have increased the levels of metal(loid)s in soils. Metals represent a worldwide problem because of their elevated bioaccumulation capacity via food chains, toxicity and persistence in the environment. In addition, their presence in the soil generates a risk of contamination of surface and ground waters. Conventional soil remediation technologies are highly expensive, invasive and may lead to additional environmental problems such as soil degradation. On the other hand, phytotechnologies are sustainable soil remediation techniques that use green plants, microorganisms and amendments to reduce the concentration and bioavailability of contaminants, and also, contribute to a sustainable use of marginal areas. One of the most critical limitations of using phytotechnologies on metal-contaminated soils is the long time required to clean-up the soil and reach the permitted levels. The use of high biomass crops able to extract metals from soil could compensate the long time required in this technology with the production of valuable biomass. ... predoctoral grant FPI-INIA 2010 - RTA000150-00-0000-INIA project - EIADES program S2009/AMB-1478

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Agrícola. Fecha de lectura: 17-07-2013