39 results on '"Pérez Vicente, Luis"'
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2. Genetic diversity of the banana Fusarium wilt pathogen in Cuba and across Latin America and the Caribbean
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Martínez‐de la Parte, Einar, primary, Pérez‐Vicente, Luis, additional, Torres, David E., additional, van Westerhoven, Anouk, additional, Meijer, Harold J. G., additional, Seidl, Michael F., additional, and Kema, Gert H. J., additional
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Genetic diversity of the banana Fusarium wilt pathogen in Cuba and across Latin America and the Caribbean
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Martínez-de la Parte, Einar, Pérez-Vicente, Luis, Torres, David E, van Westerhoven, Anouk, Meijer, Harold J G, Seidl, Michael F, Kema, Gert H J, Martínez-de la Parte, Einar, Pérez-Vicente, Luis, Torres, David E, van Westerhoven, Anouk, Meijer, Harold J G, Seidl, Michael F, and Kema, Gert H J
- Abstract
Fusarium wilt of bananas (FWB) is a severe plant disease that leads to substantial losses in banana production worldwide. It remains a major concern for Cuban banana cultivation. The disease is caused by members of the soil-borne Fusarium oxysporum species complex. However, the genetic diversity among Fusarium species infecting bananas in Cuba has remained largely unexplored. In our comprehensive survey, we examined symptomatic banana plants across all production zones in the country, collecting 170 Fusarium isolates. Leveraging genotyping-by-sequencing and whole-genome comparisons, we investigated the genetic diversity within these isolates and compared it with a global Fusarium panel. Notably, typical FWB symptoms were observed in Bluggoe cooking bananas and Pisang Awak subgroups across 14 provinces. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that F. purpurascens, F. phialophorum, and F. tardichlamydosporum are responsible for FWB in Cuba, with F. tardichlamydosporum dominating the population. Furthermore, we identified between five and seven distinct genetic clusters, with F. tardichlamydosporum isolates forming at least two subgroups. This finding underscores the high genetic diversity of Fusarium spp. contributing to FWB in the Americas. Our study sheds light on the population genetic structure and diversity of the FWB pathogen in Cuba and the broader Latin American and Caribbean regions.
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- 2024
4. Genetic diversity of the banana Fusarium wilt pathogen in Cuba and across Latin America and the Caribbean
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Martinez de la Parte, E., Pérez-Vicente, Luis, Torres Sanchez, D.E., van Westerhoven, A.C., Meijer, H.J.G., Seidl, M.F., Kema, G.H.J., Martinez de la Parte, E., Pérez-Vicente, Luis, Torres Sanchez, D.E., van Westerhoven, A.C., Meijer, H.J.G., Seidl, M.F., and Kema, G.H.J.
- Abstract
Fusarium wilt of bananas (FWB) is a severe plant disease that leads to substantial losses in banana production worldwide. It remains a major concern for Cuban banana cultivation. The disease is caused by members of the soil-borne Fusarium oxysporum species complex. However, the genetic diversity among Fusarium species infecting bananas in Cuba has remained largely unexplored. In our comprehensive survey, we examined symptomatic banana plants across all production zones in the country, collecting 170 Fusarium isolates. Leveraging genotyping-by-sequencing and whole-genome comparisons, we investigated the genetic diversity within these isolates and compared it with a global Fusarium panel. Notably, typical FWB symptoms were observed in Bluggoe cooking bananas and Pisang Awak subgroups across 14 provinces. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that F. purpurascens, F. phialophorum, and F. tardichlamydosporum are responsible for FWB in Cuba, with F. tardichlamydosporum dominating the population. Furthermore, we identified between five and seven distinct genetic clusters, with F. tardichlamydosporum isolates forming at least two subgroups. This finding underscores the high genetic diversity of Fusarium spp. contributing to FWB in the Americas. Our study sheds light on the population genetic structure and diversity of the FWB pathogen in Cuba and the broader Latin American and Caribbean regions.
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- 2024
5. Genetic diversity of the banana Fusarium wilt pathogen in Cuba and across Latin America and the Caribbean
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Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Martínez-de la Parte, Einar, Pérez-Vicente, Luis, Torres, David E, van Westerhoven, Anouk, Meijer, Harold J G, Seidl, Michael F, Kema, Gert H J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Martínez-de la Parte, Einar, Pérez-Vicente, Luis, Torres, David E, van Westerhoven, Anouk, Meijer, Harold J G, Seidl, Michael F, and Kema, Gert H J
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- 2024
6. The Vulnerability of Cuban Banana Production to Fusarium Wilt Caused by Tropical Race 4.
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de la Parte, Einar Martínez, Pérez-Vicente, Luis, Garcfa-Bastidas, Fernando, Bermudez-Caraballoso, Idalmis, Schnabe, Sabine, Meijer, Harold J. G., and Kema, Gert H. J.
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FUSARIUM wilt of banana , *BANANAS , *PLANTAIN banana , *FARM produce - Abstract
Bananas are major agricultural commodities in Cuba. One of the main constraints of banana production worldwide is Fusarium wilt of banana. Recent outbreaks in Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela have raised widespread concern in Latin America due to the potential devastating impact on the sustainability of banana production, food security, and livelihoods of millions of people in the region. Here, we phenotyped 18 important Cuban banana and plantain varieties with two Fusarium strains--Tropical Race 4 (TR4) and Race 1--under greenhouse conditions. These varieties represent 72.8% of the national banana acreage in Cuba and are also widely distributed in Latin America and the Caribbean region. A broad range of disease responses from resistant to very susceptible was observed against Race 1. On the contrary, not a single banana variety was resistant to TR4. These results underscore that TR4 potentially threatens nearly 56% of the contemporary Cuban banana production area, which is planted with susceptible and very susceptible varieties, and call for a preemptive evaluation of new varieties obtained in the national breeding program and the strengthening of quarantine measures to prevent the introduction of TR4 into the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Chronic Pain Due to Postsurgical Intra-abdominal Adhesions: Therapeutic Options
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De Andres, Jose, Perotti, Luciano, Palmisani, Stefano, Perez, Vicente Luis Villanueva, Asensio-Samper, Juan Marcos, Fabregat, Gustavo, and Kapural, Leonardo, editor
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- 2015
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8. CHAPTER 5.8: Organic Banana Disease Management
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Pocasangre, Luis E., primary, Pérez-Vicente, Luis, additional, and Ferris, Howard, additional
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- 2017
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9. Epidural Neurostimulation of Posterior Funiculi for the Treatment of Buergerʼs Disease
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Quiles, Lorena Vaquer, González, Lucrecia Blasco, Samper, Juan Asensio, Pérez, Vicente Luis Villanueva, Alarcón, María Dolores López, and De Andrés Ibáñez, José
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- 2009
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10. Bilateral Infusion Pump Implants as Therapy for Refractory Corneal Ulcers in a Patient With CREST Syndrome: An Interdisciplinary Approach
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De Andrés, José, García-Delpech, Salvador, Pérez, Vicente Luis Villanueva, Díaz-Llopis, Manuel, Udaondo, Patricia, Sánchez, María Teresa Serrano, and Salom, David
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- 2008
11. Black leaf streak
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Guzman, Mauricio, Pérez Vicente, Luis, Carlier, Jean, Abadie, Catherine, De Lapeyre de Bellaire, Luc, Carreel, Françoise, Marin, D.H., Romero, R.A., Gauhl, F., Pasberg-Gauhl, C., and Jones, David R.
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Maladie fongique ,Musa (bananes) ,H20 - Maladies des plantes - Published
- 2018
12. Bacterial diseases of bananas and enset: Current state of knowledge and integrated approaches toward sustainable management
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Blomme, Guy, Dita, Miguel A., Jacobsen, Kim Sarah, Pérez Vicente, Luis, Molina, Agustin, Ocimati, Walter, Poussier, Stéphane, Prior, Philippe, Blomme, Guy, Dita, Miguel A., Jacobsen, Kim Sarah, Pérez Vicente, Luis, Molina, Agustin, Ocimati, Walter, Poussier, Stéphane, and Prior, Philippe
- Abstract
Bacterial diseases of bananas and enset have not received, until recently, an equal amount of attention compared to other major threats to banana production such as the fungal diseases black leaf streak (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense). However, bacteria cause significant impacts on bananas globally and management practices are not always well known or adopted by farmers. Bacterial diseases in bananas and enset can be divided into three groups: (1) Ralstonia-associated diseases (Moko/Bugtok disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and banana blood disease caused by R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis); (2) Xanthomonas wilt of banana and enset, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum and (3) Erwinia-associated diseases (bacterial head rot or tip-over disease Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora and E. chrysanthemi), bacterial rhizome and pseudostem wet rot (Dickeya paradisiaca formerly E. chrysanthemi pv. paradisiaca). Other bacterial diseases of less widespread importance include: bacterial wilt of abaca, Javanese vascular wilt and bacterial fingertip rot (probably caused by Ralstonia spp., unconfirmed). This review describes global distribution, symptoms, pathogenic diversity, epidemiology and the state of the art for sustainable disease management of the major bacterial wilts currently affecting banana and enset.
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- 2017
13. Resistance performance of new bananas hybrids and impact of fertilization effect on Black leaf streak disease severity
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Morales Romero, Lilian, Rengifo, Domingo, Pérez Vicente, Luis, Dávila Martínez, A., Espinosa, A., Folgueras Montiel, Maryluz, Montero, Yanetsy, Martínez de la Parte, E., Suárez, P., Martínez, T., Lescot, Thierry, and Abadie, Catherine
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F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes ,F04 - Fertilisation ,H20 - Maladies des plantes - Published
- 2016
14. Bacterial Diseases of Bananas and Enset: Current State of Knowledge and Integrated Approaches Toward Sustainable Management
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Blomme, Guy, primary, Dita, Miguel, additional, Jacobsen, Kim Sarah, additional, Pérez Vicente, Luis, additional, Molina, Agustin, additional, Ocimati, Walter, additional, Poussier, Stephane, additional, and Prior, Philippe, additional
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- 2017
- Full Text
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15. Speckle by Corynespora torulosa (Syd.) Crous: a preharvest fruit disease of Musa spp. in Cuba.
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Almenares, Maybel and Pérez-Vicente, Luis
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FRUIT diseases & pests , *STREPTOMYCIN - Abstract
It was studied the etiology of a fruit disease spots in form of a speckling of Cavendish banana fruits that causes fruit quality deterioration and commercial rejection. For this purpose, peel spots were placed in humid chambers to incite fungal development, and isolations were carried out on water agar + streptomycin. To fulfill Koch postulates, CEMSA 3/4 and Burro CEMSA fruits were inoculated with a spore suspension of 1x105 conidia/ml and incubated at room temperature under high relative humidity. Fruits of Cavendish and Gros Michel (AAA), CEMSA 3/4 and Pisang ceylan (AAB), Pisang awak and Burro CEMSA (ABB) were inoculated as described. The fungus Corynespora torulosa (Syd) Crous, comb. new (syn. Deightoniella torulosa (Syd.), M.B. Ellis) was uniformly recovered from the humid chambers and isolations. The artificial inoculations of Cavendish fruits with the isolates obtained reproduced the speckling symptoms, and C. torulosa was confirmed as the causal agent of speckling. All varieties inoculated showed to be susceptible to the pathogen. It is the first time that C. torulosa is described in Cuba as the causal agent of fruit speckling previously attributed to other causes. C. torulosa is a colonizer of senescent leaves, fruit flowers, and bracts of Musa plants and becomes airborne during appropriate environmental conditions. It is discussed that sanitation of senescent leaves and fruits organs are essential to reduce incidence of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
16. Various environmental factors allow to optimize the efficacy of bananas hybrids resistance against black leaf streak disease
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Abadie, Catherine, Cavalier, Aurore, Landry, Clara, Bonnot, François, Pérez Vicente, Luis, Montero, Yanetsy, Rengifo, Domingo, Rodriguez, Rosalba, Miniere, Luis, Lescot, Thierry, Zapater, Marie-Françoise, and Carlier, Jean
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H20 - Maladies des plantes ,F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes - Published
- 2014
17. Various enviromental factors influence the black sigatoka severity on the bananas resistant hybrids
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Cavalier, Aurore, Pérez Vicente, Luis, Renfingo, Domingo, Miniere, Luis, Lescot, Thierry, and Abadie, Catherine
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H20 - Maladies des plantes ,F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes - Abstract
An epidemiological survey was carried out to understand the effect of environmental factors on the resistance of bananas hydrids against Black Sigatoka. A low level of resistance was measured on FHIA-21 in Dominican Republic, whereas in Cuba is loss the resistance of FHIA-18 hydrids was shown. Rainfall, some cultural practices, and edaphic factors were demonstrated to influence significantly the disease level.
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- 2013
18. Cabaré: Caribbean network for the prevention and sustainable control of emerging diseases of banana
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Teycheney, Pierre-Yves, Pérez Vicente, Luis, Javer Higginson, Elisa, Goméz Kosky, Rafael, Folgueras Montiel, Maryluz, Morales Romero, Lilian, Teresa Martinez, Reina, Renfingo, Domingo, Lescot, Thierry, Carlier, Jean, and Abadie, Catherine
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H20 - Maladies des plantes - Abstract
CABARÉ is a collaborative project funded by the European Union through its Interreg IV program and the Préfecture de Guadeloupe through its regional cooperation fundi ng program. This 4 year project started in 2011. It is primarily focused on the prevention and sustainable control of Black Sigatoka and Banana streak viruses. Although research activities of the project involve 5 research institutes from Cuba (INISAV, IBP, INIVIT), the Dominican Republic (IDIAF) and France (CIRAD), the project will benefit the whole Caribbean region.
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- 2013
19. Moniliophthora roreri H.C. Evans et al. y Moniliophthora perniciosa (Stahel) Aime: impacto, síntomas, diagnóstico, epidemiología y manejo.
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Pérez-Vicente, Luis
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MANGROVE ecology , *PHYLLANTHUS - Abstract
Witches' broom and frosty pod rot of cacao caused by Moniliophthora perniciosa (Stahel) Aime and Moniliophthora roreri H.C. Evans et al. respectively, are two diseases original from South America with a limited geographic distribution and a strong impact on production and quality of cacao. The reports of their presence in Cuba are not exact and the pathogens were not found in the surveys conducted by the author between 2013 and 2016. The previous reports on the witches' broom presence in Cuba were related to the disease known as green point gall caused by Fusarium decemcellulare Brick. In the present paper, the studies carried out by the author on the symptoms, morphological structures, and colonies of both pathogens in Ecuador, Venezuela, and Costa Rica are documented, and the information on their phylogenetic relationships, epidemiology and management are updated. The spores of both species are disseminated by water, wind, and infected plant parts. Cacao harvesters are important vectors of M. roreri spores being transported on clothes. Prevention and management of both diseases are based on strict quarantine measures; sanitation and destruction of branches, stems, and infected fruits; use of resistant clones and applications of fungicides and antagonists to stems, branches, and fruits. Both species are included in the list of quarantined pests of Cuba. The presence of M. roreri in Jamaica is a threat for the cacao production in the west of Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
20. Efecto de la pregabalina sobre la expresión de Fos en el tronco del encéfalo y la médula espinal en dos modelos de dolor neuropático
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Villanueva Pérez, Vicente Luis, Valverde Navarro, Alfonso A., Martínez Soriano, Francisco, De Andrés Ibáñez, José, and Departament d'Anatomia i Embriologia Humana
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pregabalina ,rata ,dolor neuropatico ,UNESCO::CIENCIAS MÉDICAS ,UNESCO::CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA ,CIENCIAS MÉDICAS [UNESCO] ,CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA [UNESCO] - Abstract
En las últimas décadas, se han producido avances muy significativos en la búsqueda y hallazgo de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas contra el dolor. Esto ha sido posible gracias, en gran medida, al mayor conocimiento de los mecanismos subyacentes al dolor. Particularmente sustanciales han sido los datos obtenidos acerca del sustrato anatómico de la transmisión dolorosa y de su modulación endógena. En base a estos datos de carácter anatómico se ha ido clasificando el dolor en diferentes tipos: el dolor neuropático, cuando el origen del dolor está en el propio sistema nervioso, y el no-neuropático, cuando el origen del mismo se sitúa en estructuras anatómicas no neurales, como la piel, (el dolor nociceptivo superficial), estructuras del sistema musculoesquelético, (el dolor nociceptivo profundo), o como los órganos internos, (el dolor visceral). Sin embargo, los avances referidos no se reparten por igual entre todos los tipos de dolor mencionados. La respuesta del dolor neuropático al tratamiento con analgésicos comunes, o en muchas ocasiones incluso con opiáceos, todavía dista de ser satisfactoria. La falta de respuesta del dolor neuropático al tratamiento con analgésicos comunes, o en muchas ocasiones incluso a los opiáceos, ha llevado a los terapeutas a dirigir su mirada hacia otras soluciones farmacológicas. De entre todas las propuestas, actualmente una de las que se está reivindicando cada vez con mayor fuerza es el uso de fármacos antiepilépticos, que están demostrando ser una alternativa válida al tratamiento del dolor neuropático (McQuay et al., 1995). El mecanismo de acción de estos fármacos anticonvulsivantes es diferente al de los analgésicos tradicionales: mientras estos últimos reducen las señales aferentes procedentes tanto de de tejido sano como lesionado, los fármacos antiepilépticos podríamos denominarlos más bien antihiperalgésicos que antinociceptivos, ya que no tienen un efecto per se sobre la nocicepción sino que reducen la hiperexcitabilidad de las neuronas del asta posterior inducida por el daño tisular. Uno de los fármacos antiepilépticos que primero se probaron en el tratamiento del dolor neuropático fue la gabapentina (Dirks et al., 2002; Turan et al., 2004). En la actualidad, sin embargo, este fármaco está siendo sustituido por nuevos derivados con el fin de aumentar su eficacia y reducir sus efectos adversos, entre los que destaca la pregabalina. La pregabalina es el enantiómero S farmacológicamente activo del ácido 3-aminometil-5-metil-hexanoico, que es similar a su predecesor la gabapentina. Su mecanismo de acción no es conocido todavía con exactitud. Varios son los mecanismos celulares que se han propuesto para explicar su efecto en el tratamiento del dolor neuropático: actuar sobre receptores NMDA, canales de calcio, canales de sodio, vías monoaminérgicas, sistemas opioides y no opioides,… A pesar de su nombre y del de su molécula predecesora, la gabapentina, no tiene acción directa gabaérgica, ni bloquea la recaptación de GABA ni su metabolismo. La pregabalina, al igual que la gabapentina, se une a la subunidad proteica alfa2-delta de los canales de calcio voltaje-dependientes, lo que podría explicar su efecto antihiperalgésico (Schwarz et al., 2005). La pregabalina ha demostrado actividad antialodínica y antihiperalgésica en varios modelos de dolor neuropático en roedores (Lauria-Horner y Pohl, 2003; Field et al., 1999; Chen y Pan, 2001), observándose estos efectos con dosis de 2 á 4 veces inferiores a las de gabapentina. Además presenta una tolerabilidad mayor que con otros anticonvulsivantes, incluida la gabapentina, lo que la consolida como una opción terapéutica muy válida en el tratamiento de estos pacientes. Los acontecimientos adversos más frecuentes son: mareos, somnolencia, edemas periféricos, cefalea, visión borrosa y estreñimiento, siendo todos ellos habitualmente de intensidad leve a moderada. Aunque la pregabalina se ha empleado en diferentes tipos de dolor neuropático como la neuralgia post-herpética (Dworkin et al., 2003; Sabatowski et al., 2004), actualmente su interés se centra en su eficacia en el dolor post-quirúrgico (Dahl et al., 2004). De hecho, el dolor post-quirúrgico puede ser considerado como un tipo de dolor neuropático que podríamos considerar transitorio o reversible. Estudios preclínicos han demostrado que la incisión quirúrgica en la pata de la rata es seguida por una hiperalgesia térmica y mecánica prolongada, como expresión clínica de una sensibilización central (Whiteside et al., 2004). Estos datos ponen de manifiesto que la sensibilización del asta posterior de la médula, aunque será reversible en la mayoría de pacientes quirúrgicos, puede ser un mecanismo algésico importante en los primeros días o semanas post-intervención. Los fármacos antihiperalgésicos, como la pregabalina, se convierten de este modo en analgésicos post-quirúrgicos atractivos porque ofrecen la posibilidad de bloquear el dolor patológico, mientras que permitirían el dolor fisiológico, que sería de utilidad por su función protectora y de alerta. Asimismo, la acción de la pregabalina sería de interés en el dolor post-quirúrgico si tenemos en cuenta que el mecanismo de acción de estos fármacos anticonvulsivantes difiere por completo del de los opiáceos, por lo que evita la disminución de la motilidad intestinal, uno de los principales efectos adversos de los opioides en los pacientes post-quirúrgicos (Field et al., 1997). Estos datos experimentales han sido corroborados en el único ensayo clínico doble-ciego, controlado con placebo, en dolor postquirúrgico dental, y donde los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo tratado con 300 mg de pregabalina y el grupo tratado con placebo (Hill et al., 2001). A pesar de los estudios experimentales en animales con la pregabalina (Field et al., 1999; Eutamene et al., 2000, Hurley et al., 2002) y ensayos clínicos en humanos que avalan el uso clínico de esta sustancia en dolor neuropático, no hemos encontrado ningún trabajo que profundice en el sustrato anatómico en el que subyace a nivel del sistema nervioso central el efecto analgésico de esta sustancia antiepiléptica. El único trabajo que hemos encontrado que estudia el efecto que la administración de una de estas sustancias anticonvulsivantes, en concreto la gabapentina, tiene sobre la expresión del protooncogen c-fos a nivel de sistema nervisos central, se limita a la médula espinal dejando fuera del estudio niveles supraespinales (Kaneko et al., 2000). Nuestra revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema no ha ofrecido ni un solo trabajo en el que se pretenda identificar las estructuras neurales supraespinales que se activan o al menos se ven alteradas tras la administración de pregabalina en animales sanos, o con diferentes tipos de dolor neuropático. Parece, sin embargo, que la identificación de los centros troncoencefálicos que ven alterada su actividad neuronal por la administración de estas sustancias, sería de gran utilidad para una mejor compresión de sus mecanismos de acción, lo que permitiría mejorar su eficacia tanto empleado de forma individual como en posibles combinaciones con otros fármacos analgésicos. OBJETIVO Identificar los centros troncoencefálicos implicados en el circuito de modulación del dolor, en los que la administración de pregabalina provoque cambios significativos de actividad neuronal. El interés de alcanzar los objetivos propuestos radica en que los estudios clínicos demuestran que la pregabalina tiene un efecto analgésico en aquellos procesos en los que aparece dolor neuropático. Sin embargo, desconocemos los centros nerviosos a través de los cuales ejerce dicha acción antihiperalgésica. Los analgésicos tradicionales ejercen sus efectos a través de modular la actividad neuronal de los diferentes centros troncoencefálicos integrados en el denominado circuito endógeno de control del dolor. Para utilizar de forma más segura y eficaz estos nuevos fármacos es importante identificar los centros neurales cuya actividad, medida en forma de cambios en la expresión del protooncogén c-fos en el núcleo de sus células (Harris, 1998), cambia tras la administración de dichas sustancias. La realización del estudio en diferentes condiciones de estimulación algésica nos permitiría, además, conocer hasta qué punto la sustancia objeto de estudio, la pregabalina, puede bloquear a nivel del asta posterior de la médula la expresión de Fos debida a la llegada a ese nivel de las aferencias primarias dolorosas . MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS La metodología que emplearemos para desarrollar y alcanzar los objetivos planteados en este proyecto se basan en la detección mediante técnicas inmunocitoquímicas de las neuronas que expresan Fos en los centros troncoencefálicos implicados en el circuito de control del dolor, en los diferentes supuestos experimentales, así como en el asta posterior del segmento lumbar de la médula espinal. De forma más detallada el proceder experimental sería el siguiente: A) ANIMAL DE EXPERIMENTACIÓN El presente trabajo se llevará a cabo en 50 ratas albinas de la cepa Sprague-Dawley, machos, de peso aproximado de 250 g. Los animales serán mantenidos bajo condiciones estándar de laboratorio durante al menos una semana antes del comienzo de la experimentación: ciclos de 12 horas luz/12 horas oscuridad (la luz se enciende a las 8:00 a.m. y se apaga a las 8:00 p.m.), temperatura (15ºC) y humedad constantes, dieta estándar y libre acceso a la comida y el agua. B) GRUPOS EXPERIMENTALES Los animales se distribuirán en los siguientes grupos experimentales: B.1) Grupo Control Fisiológico (CFS) (n=10): Los animales de este grupo serán acostumbrados a las maniobras de manipulación que posteriormente pudieran ser necesarias durante el experimento. Estas manipulaciones serán las siguientes: - Sacar de la jaula al animal y pesarlo. - Inmovilizar al animal, durante 5 segundos, abrazándolo con una mano por debajo de las patas delanteras, al tiempo que se le cruzaban en aspa por delante de la cara, y con la otra sujetándole de la cola. Esta maniobra de inmovilización se le practicará dos veces a cada animal: la primera al terminar de pesarlo, y la segunda media hora después. Durante la primera inmovilización se inyecta intraperitonealmente (i.p.) 1 ml de suero salino. Entre una inmovilización y otra los animales permanecerán en sus respectivas jaulas. Los animales se sacrificarán a las 2 horas y media de la inyección i.p. de suero salino, es decir, a las 2 horas de la segunda inmovilización. La finalidad de este grupo es descartar que ni el estrés por la inmovilización, ni el posible dolor derivado de la inyección i.p., ni tan siquiera la distensión abdominal por la introducción de un volumen de 1 ml i.p., dé un patrón de expresión de Fos que pudiera enmascarar la expresión de Fos inducida por el estímulo aplicado, ya fuera éste analgésico o doloroso. B.2) Grupo Control Simulado Neuropático (CSN) (n=10): Similar al grupo CSF, con la salvedad de que una semana antes se le realizarán a los animales de este grupo todas las maniobras quirúrgicas necesarias para conseguir la exposición del nervio ciático, de forma que pueda ser comparable al grupo al que se le aplicará el test de la constricción mantenida del nervio ciático (Taber et al., 1969), pero evitando lesionarlo. La finalidad de este grupo es descartar que tampoco las maniobras quirúrgicas necesarias para poder aplicar el modelo de dolor neuropático propuesto por Taber et al. (1969) enmascararán la expresión de Fos inducida por la constricción del nervio. B.3) Grupo Control Pregabalina (CPG) (n=10): Las ratas de este grupo reciben, el día del experimento, una inyección i.p. de 1 ml, correspondiente a una dosis de morfina de 30 mg/kg (Eutamene et al., 2000) durante la primera inmovilización, 2 horas y media antes del sacrificio. B.4) Grupo Control Dolor Neuropático (CDN) (n=10): Similar al grupo CSN, pero con la diferencia de que los animales de este grupo sí reciben un estímulo doloroso neuropático por constricción del nervio ciático. Como ya se comentó anteriormente, el modelo de dolor neuropático elegido en este proyecto es el propuesto por Taber et al. (1969), que consiste en provocar una constricción mantenida del nervio ciático. Se realiza mediante 4 ligaduras separadas 1 mm entre sí en el tronco del nervio ciático a la altura del bíceps femoral, con una seda de 4-0. Los animales son sacrificados a la semana de la intervención. B.5) Grupo Pregabalina + Dolor Neuropático (PGDN) (n=10): Los animales de estos grupos reciben un estímulo doloroso neuropático y, a partir del día siguiente, 1 ml de analgésico i.p. diario durante una semana, transcurrida la cual son sacrificados. La manipulación de los animales se hará siguiendo las recomendaciones del Comité de Ética de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Valencia, así como las propuestas por Zimmermann (1983) para la investigación sobre dolor experimental en animales conscientes. C) ANESTESIA Y PERFUSIÓN Los animales fueron sacrificados con una sobredosis i.p. de pentobarbital (120 mg/kg), comenzándose con las maniobras propias del proceso de perfusión una vez se comprobaba que el animal estaba profundamente anestesiado (ausencia de reflejo corneal), y con el corazón todavía latiendo. Todo el proceso de anestesia y perfusión en ningún caso sobrepasó los 15 minutos de duración, para evitar la indución iatrogénica de c-fos por efecto de la manipulación o de la propia anestesia (Herdegen y cols., 1991; Takayama y cols., 1994). La perfusión se inició en todos los casos con un lavado del árbol vascular con 100-200 ml de suero salino isotónico heparinizado (15.000 UI/litro), para, seguidamente introducir la solución fijadora formada por tampón fosfato y paraformaldehído al 4%. Finalizado el proceso de perfusión, los animales fueron decapitados, y se procedió al descalote y extracción del cerebro, así como de la porción lumbar de la médula espinal. D) OBTENCIÓN DE LOS CORTES Las piezas se conservan a 4ºC en la misma solución fijadora hasta el día siguiente. Transcurrido ese tiempo, se pasan a una solución crioprotectora con sacarosa al 30%, en la cual permanecen 24 horas. Una vez crioprotegidas, las piezas son congeladas y seccionadas con un criostato en cortes coronales de 40 μm de grosor. E) REVELADO INMUNOCITOQUÍMICO DEL PROTO-ONCOGÉN C-FOS Tras tres lavados con PBS para eliminar la sacarosa, se procede a la detección inmunocitoquímica de la proteína codificada por el proto-oncogén objeto de nuestro estudio, c-fos, por el método del ABC (Hsu y cols., 1981). Los cortes pasan por sucesivas soluciones (Valverde-Navarro y cols., 1996). Montaje de los cortes: Los cortes se montan sobre portas gelatinizados con una solución de gelatina al 0,5% y alumbre de cromo al 0,05%. Se dejan secar durante toda la noche a temperatura ambiente, y al día siguiente, son deshidratados en diluciones crecientes de etanol (70º, 96º y 100º, Panreac), aclarados con xilol y cubiertos con Merckoglas. F) SELECCIÓN DE LOS NIVELES DE ESTUDIO Los niveles correspondientes tanto a la médula lumbar como al tronco de encéfalo son seleccionados con ayuda del atlas de Paxinos y Watson (2005). Se seleccionan al menos 2 cortes por cada uno de los niveles escogidos (Murphy y cols., 1995). G) OBTENCIÓN DE LOS PATRONES DE DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LAS NEURONAS FOS-POSITIVAS El patrón de distribución de las células inmurreactivas frente a Fos se obtienen a partir de dibujos en los que se puntean manualmente las neuronas Fos-positivas con ayuda de una cámara clara Zeiss acoplada a un microscopio Axioskopp de Zeiss con un objetivo de 20x. Dichos dibujos son elaborados por un experimentador desconocedor del grupo experimental al que pertenecen las preparaciones al puntearlas. H) OBTENCIÓN DE IMÁGENES DIGITALIZADAS DE LAS PREPARACIONES Las imágenes para el estudio fotográfico se capturan mediante una cámara de vídeo NIKON (Dxm 1200) acoplada un microscopio Nikon Eclipse e600 con luz directa. I) ANÁLISIS ESTADÍSTICO El análisis estadístico de los datos se efectuará con ayuda del progama SPSS versión 15. El análisis se iniciará con una descriptiva que incluirá la media, el número de casos y la desviación típica para las variables originales. El análisis descriptivo se acompañará con una gráfica de las medias estimadas para cada variable original dentro de cada uno de los grupos experimentales. A continuación, se efectuará un análisis de la varianza (ANOVA) de un factor para las variables, siendo el factor el diferente tratamiento que ha recibido cada uno de los grupos experimentales. En el caso de que el análisis detectase diferencias entre los grupos, tendría sentido realizar comparaciones múltiples para determinar conjuntos homogéneos de grupos experimentales que compartirían la misma media. Como es sabido, no existe una única técnica para llevar a cabo estas comparaciones, dependiendo el resultado final de la que hayamos empleado. En nuestro caso, si fuese preciso utilizaríamos los métodos de Tukey y Scheffé que producen situaciones extremas, particularmente este último que, siendo el más conservador, conduce siempre a un menor número de conjuntos homogéneos (Sokal y Rholf, 1995). RESULTADOS A nivel del asta posterior de la médula, la pregablina reduce el marcaje inducido por ambos estímulos dolorosos. La pregabalina induce la expresión de c-fos en ambos niveles rostrocaudales del núcleo del tracto solitario (NTS), con independencia de la aplicación o no de un estímulo doloroso. Al igual que en el NTS, la pregabalina induce la expresión de c-fos en ambos niveles de la porción lateral del núcleo parabraquial lateral (LPB), con independencia de la aplicación o no de un estímulo doloroso. En el locus coeruleus (LC) tanto la pregabalina, a nivel caudal, como el estímulo doloroso nociceptivo inducen la expresión de c-fos, no así el estímulo doloroso neuropático. Por el contrario, la pregabalina no provocó una intensa inmunorreacción frente a Fos en el núcleo dorsal del rafe (DR), pero sí redujo la expresión de c-fos inducida por el estímulo doloroso nociceptivo. CONCLUSIONES 1.- A nivel del asta posterior de la médula espinal, la pregabalina bloquea la expresión de c-fos inducida por un estímulo doloroso tanto somático superficial como neuropático. 2.- La administración de pregabalina provoca una importante activación de neuronas en el núcleo del tracto solitario, principalmente en los subnúcleos medial (m), central (ce) y ventral-lateral (vl). Por el contrario, dichas neuronas apenas se activan tras un estímulo doloroso, con independencia de que éste sea nociceptivo somático o neuropático. 3.- La administración de pregabalina provoca una importante activación de neuronas en la porción lateral del núcleo parabraquial, principalmente en los subnúcleos externo (elPB) y central (clPB). Asimismo, la aplicación de un estímulo tanto nociceptivo somático superficial como neuropático, también inducen, aunque en menor medida que la pregabalina, la activación de neuronas en el LPB, principalmente en el subnúcleo dorsal (dlPB) y en el área que queda por fuera del subnúcleo central (clPB). 4.- La administración de pregabalina provoca una importante activación de neuronas especialmente en la porción caudal del locus coeruleus. El efecto sobre el LC de un estímulo algésico varía dependiendo de la naturaleza del estímulo: el nociceptivo somático superficial activa de forma importante sus neuronas, mientras que el neuropático no. 5.- La administración de pregabalina provoca una importante activación de neuronas en el núcleo dorsal del rafe, al igual que la aplicación de un estímulo doloroso nociceptivo somático superficial. Por el contrario la aplicación de un estímulo doloroso neuropático no logra la activación de neuronas en el LC. In recent decades, there have been significant advances in the search and discovery of new therapeutic strategies against pain. This has been possible thanks to, in large part, a greater knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of pain. Particularly significant have been the data from the anatomical substrate of pain transmission and its endogenous modulation. Based on these anatomical data, pain has been classified in different types: neuropathic pain, when the source of pain is located in the nervous system itself, and non-neuropathic pain, when the origin of pain is located in non-neural anatomical structures, as the skin (superficial nociceptive pain), musculoskeletal system structures (deep nociceptive pain), or internal organs (visceral pain). However, the above mentioned advances are not equally distributed among the types of pain that we have mentioned. Neuropathic pain response to analgesic treatment, or in many other cases even with opioids, is still far from being satisfactory The lack of response of neuropathic pain to analgesic treatment, or in many cases even to opioids, has led therapists to look for other pharmacological solutions. Of all the proposals, the one that is currently be claimed with more strength, is the use of antiepileptic drugs, actually proving to be a valid alternative to treat neuropathic pain (McQuay et al., 1995). The mechanism of action of these anticonvulsant drugs is different from traditional analgesics; while the latter reduce the afferent signals from both healthy and injured tissue, antiepileptic drugs could be called antinociceptive rather than antihyperalgesic, as long as they do not have a per se effect but to reduce the excitability of dorsal horn neurons induced by the damaged of the tissue. One of the antiepileptic drugs first tested in the treatment of neuropathic pain was gabapentin (Dirks et al., 2002, Turan et al., 2004). However, at present, this drug is being replaced by new by-products to increase its efficiency and reduce its adverse effects, among which pregabalin highlights. Pregabalin is the pharmacologically active S-enantiomer of 3-aminomethyl-5-methyl-hexanoic, which is similar to its predecessor gabapentin. Its mechanism of action is not known yet exactly. There are several cellular mechanisms that have been proposed to explain its effect in the treatment of neuropathic pain: acting on NMDA receptors, calcium channels, sodium channels, monoaminergic pathways, opioid and nonopioid systems, … Despite its name and the one of its predecessor molecule, gabapentin has no direct gabaergic action, neither blocks GABA uptake nor its metabolism. Pregabalin, like gabapentin, binds to the alpha2-delta protein subunit of channel voltage-dependent calcium , which might explain its antihyperalgesic effect (Schwarz et al., 2005). Pregabalin has demonstrated antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic activity in several models of neuropathic pain in rodents (Lauria-Horner and Pohl, 2003, Field et al., 1999, Chen and Pan, 2001), these effects being observed at doses of 2 to 4 times lower to those of gabapentin. It also presents a higher tolerability than with other anticonvulsants, including gabapentin, which makes it a valid therapeutic option for the treatment of these patients. The most frequently shown adverse events are: dizziness, drowsiness, peripheral edema, headache, blurred vision and constipation, being all of them usually mild to moderate. Although pregabalin has been used in different types of neuropathic pain, such as post-herpetic neuralgia (Dworkin et al., 2003; Sabatowski et al., 2004), at present its interest is focussed on its effectiveness in post-surgical pain (Dahl et al., 2004). In fact, post-surgical pain can be considered as a type of neuropathic pain that could be considered temporary or reversible. Preclinical studies have shown that surgical incision in the paw of the rat is followed by a prolonged thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, as a clinical result of central sensitization (Whiteside et al., 2004). These data show that sensitization of dorsal horn of the spinal cord, though reversible in most surgical patients, may be an important algesic mechanism in the first post-interventional days or weeks. Antihyperalgesic drugs, such as pregabalin, thus become post-surgical analgesic, attractive because they offer the possibility to block pathological pain, at the same time that they would allow physiological pain, which would be useful for its protective and alertness function. In the same way, the action of pregabalin would be useful in post-surgical pain if we consider that the mechanism of action of these anticonvulsant drugs differs entirely from that of opiates, thus preventing the decrease in intestinal motility, one of the major adverse effects of opioids in post-surgical patients (Field et al., 1997). These experimental data have been corroborated in the only randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in postoperative dental pain, and where the results showed statistically significant differences between the group treated with 300 mg of pregabalin and placebo-treated group (Hill et al., 2001). Even though all the experimental studies in animals with pregabalin (Field et al., 1999; Eutamene et al., 2000, Hurley et al., 2002) and human clinical trials that support the clinical use of buprenorphine in neuropathic pain, we were not able to find any work that deepened in the anatomical substrate in which the analgesic effect of this antiepileptic substance underlies at a central nervous system level. The only work that we found studying the effect that the administration of these anticonvlulsant substances, particularly gabapentin, has on the expression of protooncogene c-fos at the level of central Nervis system, is focused on the spinal cord, forgetting the supraspinal level study (Kaneko et al., 2000). Our literature review about the topic has not even showed a single work that pretend to identify the supraspinal neural structures that are activated or at least are altered after the administration of pregabalin in healthy animals, or with different types of neuropathic pain. However, it seems that the identification of brainstem centers altering its neuronal activity by the administration of these substances, would be useful for a better understanding of their mechanisms of action, which would improve their effectiveness both individual use and in combination with other analgesics. OBJECTIVE Identify the brainstem centers involved in the pain modulation circuit, in which the administration of pregabalin provokes significant changes in neuronal activity. The interest of achieving the proposed objectives resides in the idea that clinical studies show that pregabalin has an analgesic effect in those cases in which it neuropathic pain is shown. However, we do not know the nerve centers through which such antihyperalgesic action is shown. Traditional analgesics show their effects modulating the neuronal activity of the different brainstem centers, integrated in the endogenous pain control circuit. To use in a more safe and effective way these new drugs, it is important to identify the neural centers whose activity, measured as changes in the expression of c-fos proto-oncogene in the nucleus of its cells (Harris, 1998), changes after administration of these substances. The study about different algesic stimulation conditions, would also allow us to know how much the substance of our trial, pregabalin, may block at the posterior horn of the spinal Fos expression, due to the arrival at that level of the primary painful afferents. MATERIAL AND METHODS The methodology we will use to develop and achieve the objectives of this project is based on the detection with immunocytochemical techniques of Fos expressing neurons in the brainstem centers involved in pain control circuit, in different experimental situations, as well as the posterior horn of the lumbar segment of the spinal cord. In a more detailed way, the experimental procedure would be the following: A) EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL This work will be performed in 50 albino rats of Sprague-Dawley, male, weighing approximately 250 g. The animals will be kept under standard laboratory conditions for at least a week before the start of the test: cycles of 12 hours light – 12 hours darkness (the light switches on at 8:00 am and switches off at 8:00 pm ), temperature (15 º C) and constant humidity, standard diet and free access to food and water. B) EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS Animals will be distributed in the following experimental groups: B.1) Physiological control group (CFS) (n = 10): Animals in this group will be used to the handling maneuvers that might be necessary later on during the experiment. These manipulations would be the following: - Take the animal out of the cage and weight it. - Inmobilizate the animal, for 5 seconds, holding it with one hand under its front legs, while they are crossed in saltire in front of its face, and holding its tail with the other hand. This inmobilization maneuver will be performed twice to each animal: the first, once it has been weighed, and the second, half hour later. During the first inmobilization, 1 ml of saline will be injected intraperitoneally (ip). Between one inmobilization and the other, animals will remain in their cages. The animals will be sacrificed 2 hours after the saline ip injection, ie within 2 hours of the second inmobilization. The purpose of this group is to reject that neither the stress of detention, nor the possible pain from ip injection, or even the abdominal distension caused by the introduction of a 1 ml ip volume, shows a pattern of Fos expression that could mask the Fos expression induced by the applied stimulus, analgesic or painful. B.2) Control group Simulated Neuropathically simulated control group(CSN) (n = 10): Similar to the CSF group, except in that a week before, all surgical maneuvers necessary to get the exposure of the sciatic nerve will be made to the animals of this group, so that it may be comparable to the group on which the test of sustained constriction of the sciatic nerve will be applied (Taber et al., 1969), but always avoiding injuries. The purpose of this group is to dismiss that neither the surgical maneuvers necessary to apply the model of neuropathic pain proposed by Taber et al. (1969) will mask the Fos expression induced by the constriction of the nerve. B.3) Pregabalin control group (CPG) (n=10): Rats in this group are injected, on the day of the experiment, 1 ml ip, equal to a dose of 30 mg / kg morphine (Eutamene et al., 2000) during the first immobilization, 2 hours and a half before the slaughter. B.4) Neuropathic Pain Control Group (CRC) (n = 10): Similar to the CSN group, but with the difference that the animals in this group received a painful neuropathic stimulus by the constriction of the sciatic nerve. As mentioned before, the neuropathic pain model chosen in this project is the one proposed by Taber et al. (1969), consisting on the provocation of a sustained constriction of the sciatic nerve. It is performed by 4 ligatures spaced 1 mm on the sciatic nerve trunk at the height of the biceps femoris, with a 4-0 silk. The animals are slaughtered a week after surgery. B.5) Pregabalin + Neuropathic Pain Group (PGDN) (n = 10): The animals in these groups receive a neuropathic painful stimulus, and the day after are injected 1 ml ip analgesic, daily for one week, and after then they are slaughtered. The handling of the animals will be done following the recommendations given by the Ethics Committee of the University of Medicine, in Valencia, as well as those proposed by Zimmermann (1983) for researchs on experimental pain in conscious animals. C) ANESTHESIA AND PERFUSION The animals were sacrificed with an pentobarbital ip overdose (120 mg / kg), starting with the maneuvers of the process of perfusion, once it was checked that the animal was deeply anesthetized (absence of corneal reflex), and the heart was still beating. The whole process of anesthesia and perfusion in any case exceed 15 minutes, to avoid iatrogenic c-fos induction as a result of the handling or the anesthesia itself (Herdegen et al., 1991, Takayama et al., 1994). The infusion started in all cases with a wasing of the vascular tree with 100-200 ml of isotonic heparinized saline (15,000 IU / liter) for then, injecting the fixing solution consisting of phosphate buffer and 4% paraformaldehyde. Once the perfusion process finished, the animals were decapitated, and we started to descaloting and removing the brain and the lumbar spinal cord. D) OBTAINING OF THE SECTIONS Pieces were stored at 4 ° C in the same fixative solution overnight. After this time, they were transferred to a cryoprotective solution with 30% sucrose, in which they remained 24 hours. Once cryoprotected, the pieces were frozen and sectioned with a cryostat in coronal sections of 40 microns thick. E) IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY REVELATION OF THE C-FOS PROTO-ONCOGENE After three washes with PBS to remove sucrose, we proceed to detect the immunocytochemical of the protein encoded by the proto-oncogene object of our study, c-fos, by the ABC method (Hsu et al., 1981). The sections go through successive solutions (Valverde-Navarro et al., 1996). Mounting of the sections: The sections are mounted on gelatinized slides with a solution of 0.5% gelatin and chrome alum 0.05%. Then they are let to dry overnight at room temperature, and the next day, they are dehydrated in increasing ethanol dilutions (70 º, 96 º and 100 º, Panreac), cleared with xylene and covered with Merckoglas. F) SELECTION OF THE LEVELS OF STUDY The levels corresponding to both the spinal lumbar and the brain stem are selected using the Paxinos and Watson atlas (2005). At least 2 sections are selected by each of the chosen levels (Murphy et al., 1995). G) OBTAINING OF DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF FOS-POSITIVE NEURONS The distribution pattern of inmurreactivas cells against Fos is obtained from drawings in which the Fos-positive neurons are plucked manually, using a Zeiss camera attached to a Axioskopp Zeiss microscope with a 20x objective. These drawings are made by an experimenter unaware of the experimental group where the preparations belong when they are pointed. H) OBTAINING OF DIGITAL IMAGES OF THE PREPARATIONS Images for the picture study are captured by a NIKON video camera (DXM 1200) attached to a Nikon Eclipse E600 microscope with direct light. I) STATISTICAL STUDY Statistical analysis of data will be carried out using SPSS program, version 15. The analysis will begin with a description including the media, the number of cases and the standard deviation for the original variables. The descriptive analysis will be attached to a graph with the estimated means for each original variable within each of the experimental groups. Then, there will be an analysis of variance (ANOVA) of a factor for the variable, the factor being the different treatment received by each of the experimental groups. In case that the analysis would detect differences between the groups, multiple comparisons would be useful to determine homogeneous sets of experimental groups that would share the same mean. As previously known, no single technique for performing these comparisons exists, depending on the outcome that we have used. In our case, if necessary, we would use the Tukey and Scheffe methods that produce extreme situations, particularly the last one, the most conservative, and that always leads to a smaller number of homogeneous groups (Sokal and Rholf, 1995). RESULTS At the level of the spinal dorsal horn, the pregabalin produces a marking reduction of fos-expression induced by both painful stimuli. Pregabalin induces expression of c -fos at both rostrocaudal levels of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) , regardless of the application or not of a painful stimulus . As in the NTS, pregabalin also induces expression of c-fos in both levels of the lateral portion of the parabrachial nucleus (LPB) , regardless of the application or not of a painful stimulus . In the locus coeruleus (LC) pregabalin, nociceptive pain stimuli induce the expression of c -fos , but not neuropathic pain stimuli. By contrast, pregabalin did not triggered intense Fos immunoreaction in the dorsal raphe nucleus ( DR ), whereas reduced the expression of c-fos induced by the nociceptive pain stimulus. CONCLUSIONS 1. – At the level of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord , pregabalin blocks the expression of c-fos induced by both somatic and neuropathic painful stimuli. 2. - Administration of pregabalin causes significant activation of neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract, especially in the medial (m), center (c) and ventro-lateral (vl) subnuclei. By contrast, these neurons are activated only after a painful stimulus, regardless of whether it is somatic nociceptive or neuropathic . 3 . - Administration of pregabalin causes significant activation of neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus , especially in the external (elPB) and center (clPB) subnuclei. Also, the application of a painful stimulus (both somatic nociceptive and neuropathic) also induce an activation of neurons in the LPB , mainly in the dorsal subnucleus (dlPB) and in the area that remains outside the central subnucleus (clPB), although in a lesser extent than pregabalin. 4 - The administration of pregabalin causes a significant activation of neurons especially in the caudal portion of the locus coeruleus (LC) . The effect of an algesic stimuli on LC varies depending on the nature of the stimulus: somatic nociceptive one significantly actives LC neurons , whereas neuropathic one not. 5 . - Administration of pregabalin causes significant activation of neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus, such as a somatic nociceptive pain stimulus. By contrast, the application of a neuropathic pain stimulus fails to activate neurons in the LC.
- Published
- 2012
21. Eficacia de fungicidas antioomycetes en la desinfección de hijos de piña MD2 para el control de Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica Dastur.
- Author
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Pérez-Vicente, Luis, Santana, Yasmiani, García, Omar, Lovaina, Yuniesky, Pérez-Miranda, Michel, Rodríguez, José A., and de Ávila, Rey
- Subjects
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FUNGICIDE analysis , *OOMYCETES - Abstract
The pineapple crop (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) is attacked by several pests that affect its productivity, quality and production costs. The variety MD2 or Golden Ripe is very susceptible to root and heart rot by Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica Dastur. The pathogen is transmitted by infected seeds, sporangia disseminated by wind, and water, and chlamydospores existing in infected soils that infect roots, stems and fruits. Two field experiments with a randomized block design and four replicates were carried out at the Agroindustrial Enterprise Ceballos in Ciego de Avila province, to study the efficacy of treatments by dipping pineapple slips into the systemic fungicides mefenoxam + mancozeb, azoxystrobin, fluopicolide + propamocarb, fosetyl Al + propamocarb, fenamidone + propamocarb, and mandipropamid in comparison with the standard treatment with fosetyl Al. The best results were obtained with the treatments mefenoxam + mancozeb (100g +1280 g/100L of water), mandipropamid (50 g/100L), fluopicolide + propamocarb (12.5g + 125g/100L), and fenamidone + propamocarb (44.4g + 667g/100 l), which showed less than 1.6% of infected plants at 110 days after planted. They were followed by azoxystrobin (25 g pc/100L), propamocarb + fosetyl Al (106g + 620g), and fosetyl Al (200 g/100L) with an incidence of 5-10% of infected plants, meanwhile the untreated plots finished with 18% of infected plants. These systemic fungicides can be used for disinfecting pineapple planting material against Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica in soils conducive to rot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
22. Ultimos avances en el tratamiento especializado de dolor neuropático Autores/as
- Author
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Esparza Miñana, José Miguel, Villanueva Pérez, Vicente Luis, López Alarcón, María Dolores, Honrubia Gozálvez, Estela, Andrés Ibáñez, José Antonio de, Esparza Miñana, José Miguel, Villanueva Pérez, Vicente Luis, López Alarcón, María Dolores, Honrubia Gozálvez, Estela, and Andrés Ibáñez, José Antonio de
- Abstract
El dolor neuropático es un grupo heterogéneo de condiciones dolorosas causadas por lesión o enfermedad del sistema nervioso central o periférico. La Asociación Internacional de Estudio del Dolor (IASP) lo definió como “el dolor que sigue a una lesión primaria o disfunción del sistema nervioso central o periférico”. Recientemente, esta misma asociación lo ha redefinido como "aquel que se presenta como consecuencia directa de lesión o enfermedad y que afecta al sistema somatosensorial". A menudo tiene un impacto negativo sobre la salud mental y sobre la calidad de vida. Existen varias líneas farmacológicas para el tratamiento del dolor neuropático: antidepresivos, antiepilépticos y opioides conforman el tratamiento clásico. También disponemos de técnicas intervencionistas que habitualmente se aplican en pacientes con dolor neuropático rebelde a tratamiento farmacológico (bloqueos nerviosos periféricos, radiofrecuencia, toxina botulínica, etc.). Debido a que muchos de los pacientes están tratados con un único tratamiento pero no llegan a obtener alivio satisfactorio del dolor, las guías clínicas enfatizan que se pueden beneficiar del uso de combinaciones de medicaciones eficaces. Sin embargo, a pesar de estas estrategias, en ocasiones ni la combinación de tratamientos farmacológicos orales ni el uso de técnicas intervencionistas es totalmente eficaz.
- Published
- 2013
23. Granuloma en la incisión tras el implante de un estimulador eléctrico medular
- Author
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Diéguez García, Paula, Villanueva Pérez, Vicente Luis, López Álvarez, Servando, Andrés Ibáñez, José Antonio de, Diéguez García, Paula, Villanueva Pérez, Vicente Luis, López Álvarez, Servando, and Andrés Ibáñez, José Antonio de
- Abstract
Presentamos el caso de un paciente que sufrió como complicación de la estimulación eléctrica medular, implantado a causa de su dolor neuropático, un granuloma en la incisión lumbar, a nivel de la conexión intermedia. Este granuloma evolucionó pese a su correcto diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz, a una infección de tejidos profundos con migración de los electrodos, por lo que precisó la retirada de éstos., It is showed you a patient who presented a granuloma in the lumbar incision at the level of the intermediate connection as a complication of the spinal cord stimulation, due to his neuropathic pain. This granuloma developed a deep tissue infection with migration of the electrodes despite right diagnostic and early treatment. Removal of the electrodes was finally required.
- Published
- 2008
24. Utilización de pregabalina en neuralgia postherpética refractaria a terapia convencional
- Author
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Garví, M., Villanueva Pérez, Vicente Luis, Asensio Samper, Juan Marcos, Andrés Ibáñez, José Antonio de, Garví, M., Villanueva Pérez, Vicente Luis, Asensio Samper, Juan Marcos, and Andrés Ibáñez, José Antonio de
- Abstract
Following an episode of acute herpes zoster, pain lasting more than 3 months and extending beyond the skin lesions is classified as postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) (1). Several drugs have been used for the treatment of PHN, including nonopiate analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, phenothiazines, anti-arrhythmics and opiate agents, with varying rates of success (2). Tricyclic antidepressants and gabapentin are currently considered the firstline treatment of PHN (2); however, the inclusión of pregabalin as firstline therapy approved for the treatment of neuropathic pain has opened up new perspectives (3). The purpose of this study is to demónstrate the efficacy and safety of pregabalin (LYRICA®) in the treatment of neuropathic pain in PHN refractory to standard therapy. We conducted a study of the efficacy and safety of pregabalin therapy in 10 patients with PHN lasting more than 3 months and poor response to standard medical therapy. The primary endpoint was the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at baseline and every month throughout the 4 months of data collection. Medications were uptitrated monthly if a reduction of more than 30% was not achieved with the previous dosage. After the assessment of the first month of treatment with pregabalin, a reduction of VAS pain by more than 30% from baseline was achieved in half of the patients, with similar results being obtained at the second and third months of treatment. Pregabalin proved to be a highly efficient drug for the reduction of pain in PHN refractory to standard therapy, with a low level of side effects., Tras un episodio de Herpes Zóster agudo, un dolor de duración superior a 3 meses cuya extensión supere las lesiones cutáneas, se clasifica como Neuralgia postherpética (NPH) (1). En su tratamiento se han utilizado diversos fármacos como analgésicos no opiáceos, antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINES), antidepresivos tricíclicos, anticonvulsivantes, fenotiacinas, antiarrítmicos y opiáceos con un éxito variable (2). Actualmente los antidepresivos tricíclicos y la gabapentina son considerados de primera línea en el tratamiento de la NPH (2); sin embargo, la inclusión de la pregabalina como tratamiento de primera línea autorizado en el tratamiento del dolor neuropático ha abierto nuevas perspectivas (3). El objetivo de este estudio es demostrar la eficacia y seguridad de la Pregabalina (LYRICA®) en el tratamiento del dolor neuropático de la NPH refractaria a la terapia convencional. Se realizó un estudio de eficacia y seguridad de la terapia con pregabalina en 10 pacientes con NPH de más de 3 meses de evolución con escasa respuesta a tratamiento médico convencional. La variable fundamental era la Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) al inicio y cada mes durante los 4 meses que duró la recogida de datos. Los ascensos de fármacos se realizaban mensualmente si no se obtenía una reducción superior al 30% con la dosis previa. Tras la evaluación del primer mes de tratamiento con pregabalina se obtuvo en la mitad de los pacientes una reducción del dolor superior al 30% del EVA inicial, obteniéndose resultados similares para el segundo y tercer mes de tratamiento. La Pregabalina resultó ser un fármaco de elevada eficacia en la reducción del dolor en la NPH refractaria a terapia convencional, con un bajo nivel de efectos secundarios.
- Published
- 2008
25. Nuevas Terapias: Estimulación eléctrica percutánea en dolor lumbar y cervical
- Author
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Villanueva Pérez, Vicente Luis, Calle Reviriego, J.L. de la, Perucho, A., Asensio Samper, Juan Marcos, Andrés Ibáñez, José Antonio de, Villanueva Pérez, Vicente Luis, Calle Reviriego, J.L. de la, Perucho, A., Asensio Samper, Juan Marcos, and Andrés Ibáñez, José Antonio de
- Abstract
The high incidence and prevalence of low back and cervical pain in industrialized societies ensues its importance for health systems. These conditions generate a high consumption of health resources and a significant loss of working hours. Among the therapeutic options for the treatment of these processes, Percutaneous Neuromodulation Therapy (PNT) is an innovative procedure within the range of therapies available. PNT, unlike other neuromodulation systems, is less invasive and has a considerable safety and efficacy profile. A review of the relevant published data regarding this technique and a brief report on its preliminary results for its use in our country are made., La elevada incidencia y prevalencia del dolor lumbar y del cervical en las sociedades industrializadas hace que se consideren patologías de primer orden en los sistemas sanitarios, ya que además del elevado consumo de recursos sanitarios generan una importante pérdida de horas laborales. Son múltiples las opciones terapéuticas para el tratamiento de estos procesos, planteándose la estimulación eléctrica percutánea (PNT) como una novedad dentro del abanico de posibilidades de tratamiento. Como característica diferencial con otros sistemas de neuromodulación resulta menos invasiva y con un perfil de seguridad y eficacia realmente notable. Presentamos una recopilación de los datos publicados más relevantes que avalan esta técnica y un breve comentario de los resultados preliminares de su utilización en nuestro país.
- Published
- 2007
26. Infecciones de repetición en un paciente portador de un sistema de neuromodulación tras la picadura de insecto
- Author
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Villanueva Pérez, Vicente Luis, Pérez Guerrero, A. C., Asensio Samper, Juan Marcos, Andrés Ibáñez, José Antonio de, Villanueva Pérez, Vicente Luis, Pérez Guerrero, A. C., Asensio Samper, Juan Marcos, and Andrés Ibáñez, José Antonio de
- Abstract
Technological developments in the last decade of the 20th century have led to the design of devices such as spinal cord stimulators for the management of severe and intractable pain. Complications after the implantation of the electrodes are infrequent, but some as breakage, infection and displacement have been reported. The case of a young technical agricultural engineer with a medical history of allergy to acarus is described. He developed a septic shock following the sting of an insect (Simu-lium Damnasum) on the top right limb, being admitted to intensive care for 48 hours. During his hospital stay, he had severe neuropathic pain with a poor response to conventional treatment. Three and a half years after this event, the patient was sent to the Pain Management Unit, where the first stage of an electrode implantation for a spinal cord stimulator was carried out. The system was withdrawn after six days due to a Staphylococcus Aureus infection. A series of epicutaneous test for regular substances and for those from the spinal cord stimulator components were made. The likelihood of an allergy to some component of the implantable device, responsible for an inflammatory reaction and subsequent infection of the catheter, was ruled out. It is important to point out that careful asepsis is still the best means to avoid infections. In patients with a medical history of atopia or allergic reactions, allergic tests should be considered as a measure to prevent rejections of devices., El desarrollo de la tecnología en las últimas décadas del siglo XX ha conllevado disponer de dispositivos, como los neuroestimuladores espinales, que han permitido un salto cualitativo muy importante en el tratamiento de pacientes con dolor severo y de difícil control. En general, las complicaciones que pueden surgir tras la colocación de un electrodo de estimulación de cordones posteriores son mínimas, pero se han descrito algunas de ellas, como son: el desplazamiento del electrodo, la infección y la rotura del electrodo. Presentamos el caso de un paciente joven, ingeniero técnico agrícola, con antecedente de alergia a ácaros del polvo, que presentó tras la picadura de un insecto (Simulium Dam-nosum) en miembro superior derecho, un cuadro de shock séptico, con ingreso durante 48 horas en Reanimación. Durante la hospitalización presentó dolor neuropático severo con escasa respuesta a tratamiento convencional. Tres años y medio después de la picadura del insecto, fue remitido a la Unidad del Dolor de nuestro centro, donde se procedió a primer tiempo de implante de electrodo de estimulación de cordones posteriores, que hubo de ser retirado a los seis días por una infección del electrodo por Estafilococo Aureus. El paciente fue sometido a las pruebas epicutáneas con las sustancias habituales y con las sustancias procedentes de los componentes del neuroestimulador. Se descartó la posibilidad de alergia a alguno de los componentes del sistema implantable que fuera el responsable de una reacción inflamatoria y posterior sobreinfección del catéter. Es necesario destacar que la mejor manera de evitar las infecciones es extremar las medidas de asepsia y debemos valorar la realización de las pruebas de alergia en pacientes con historia de reacciones alérgicas o atopia que aseguren no causarán rechazo del sistema.
- Published
- 2006
27. Fibromialgia: diagnóstico y tratamiento. El estado de la cuestión
- Author
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Villanueva Pérez, Vicente Luis, Valia Vera, J. C., Cerdá-Olmedo, Germán, Monsalve Dolz, V., Andrés Ibáñez, José Antonio de, Bayona Bauset, María José, Villanueva Pérez, Vicente Luis, Valia Vera, J. C., Cerdá-Olmedo, Germán, Monsalve Dolz, V., Andrés Ibáñez, José Antonio de, and Bayona Bauset, María José
- Abstract
Fibromyalgia is a chronic and complex pathology that provokes muscular pain which may become invalidant, associated to a badly night rest and fatigue that affects the biological, psychological and social environment of the patients. Its high prevalence makes fibromyalgia a first magnitude sanitary problem. The fact that its diagnostic criteria is only clinical, and that its aetiopathogenesis has not yet been clarified. This makes very difficult the study and therapeutical approach of the disease. The multidisciplinary approach for its treatment is very important, against the traditional biomedical approach, because of the high complexity of the patients. In this review, we try to bring together the current knowledgements in the literature, though it has to be highlighted that many studies and medical and paramedical references approach the topic with complete scientific rigour., La fibromialgia es una patología crónica y compleja que provoca dolor muscular generalizado que puede llegar a ser invalidante, asociado a mal descanso nocturno y fatigabilidad, y que afecta a las esferas biológica, psicológica y social de los pacientes. Además su elevada prevalencia hace de ella un problema sanitario de primera magnitud. Dificultad añadida supone el que sus criterios diagnósticos únicamente sean clínicos y que su etiopatogenia todavía no haya sido aclarada, lo que dificulta aún más su estudio y por supuesto su abordaje terapéutico. En su tratamiento resulta fundamental el abordaje multidisciplinar en contraposición a un abordaje biomédico tradicional, dada la enorme complejidad que suelen presentar estos pacientes. En esta revisión intentamos aunar los conocimientos actuales en la literatura médica aunque hay que resaltar que diariamente multitud de estudios y referencias médicas y paramédicas abordan el tema con mayor o menor rigor científico.
- Published
- 2004
28. Epidural Neurostimulation of Posterior Funiculi for the Treatment of Buerger's Disease
- Author
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Vaquer Quiles, Lorena, primary, Blasco González, Lucrecia, additional, Asensio Samper, Juan, additional, Villanueva Pérez, Vicente Luis, additional, López Alarcón, María Dolores, additional, and De Andrés Ibáñez, José, additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. LAS MEJORES PRÁCTICAS PARA LA PREVENCIÓN DE LA RAZA 4 TROPICAL DE LA MARCHITEZ POR FUSARIUM Y OTRAS ENFERMEDADES EXÓTICAS EN FINCAS BANANERAS.
- Author
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Pérez-Vicente, Luis
- Abstract
Copyright of Fitosanidad is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
30. Phakopsora pachyrhizi y P. meibomiae en Cuba: distribución y cultivo hospedantes.
- Author
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Martínez de la Parte, Einar, Pérez Vicente, Luis, García Rodríguez, Dariel, Elena Lorenzo, María, Abreu Fundora, Jorge, Sierra Ricabal, Perla M., Rodríguez Pérez, Annia, Martín-Triana, Esther L., García Gamboa, Dioelis, Ariosa Terry, María D., Gómez León, Yamilet, Trujillo Rojas, Marialys, de la Torre Galeano, Yohanis, Santana Torres, Yasmiany, and Guerrero Barriel, Dalgis
- Abstract
Copyright of Fitosanidad is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
31. Impacto potencial del cambio climático sobre las plagas de bananos y plátanos en Cuba.
- Author
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Pérez-Vicente, Luis and Porras, Ángela
- Abstract
Copyright of Fitosanidad is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
32. Incidencia de enfermedades fúngicas en plantaciones de cacao de las provincias orientales de Cuba.
- Author
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Martínez de la Parte, Einar and Pérez Vicente, Luis
- Subjects
- *
PLANT diseases , *TREATMENT of fungal diseases of plants , *COLLETOTRICHUM gloeosporioides - Abstract
During a phytopathological survey in twenty cacao farms in the western region of Cuba, four farms in Granma and sixteen in Guantanamo provinces were visited and samples of symptomatic pods, leaves, stem cankers, galls and other diseases symptoms. were taken. The samples were disinfected (NaOCl, 3%), rinsed with sterile distilled water and placed in humid chambers or cultured in plates with water agar + vancomicin (200 ug/ml) and on PDA supplemented with benomyl (50 ppm) and streptomycin (100 ppm). The most frequent species detected were Lasiodiplodia theobromae Griffiths & Maubl. (90%), Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) (85%), and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc. (70%). Typical isolations of P. tropicalis were not found. P. palmivora black pod disease (65%), Lasiodiplodia pod rot caused by L. theobromae (55%), and anthracnose by C. gloeosporioides (55%) were the diseases with higher incidence. Cercospora sp. (20%) and Phomopsis sp.(10%) leaf spots, Phytophthora stem canker (15%), dieback by L. theobromae (10%) and cushion gall (green-point gall, flowered cushion gall and fan gall) (10%) by F. decemcellulare were also detected. This latter fungus was associated with fan gall with offshoots growth resembling tiny witches' brooms in Baracoa province. The presence in Cuba of Moniliophthora perniciosa associated with this symptomatology was discarded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
33. Efectividad del Fludioxonil en la desinfección de semilla de arroz contra patógenos fúngicos.
- Author
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Pérez Vicente, Luis, Pueyo Figueroa, María, and Pérez Miranda, Michel
- Subjects
- *
FUNGAL diseases of plants , *RICE seeds , *RICE diseases & pests treatment , *FLUDIOXONIL , *BENOMYL , *FUNGICIDES , *AGRICULTURAL pests - Abstract
Many of the main fungal pathogens of the rice crop are efficiently transmitted in the seeds. A study was carried out to compare the fungicide fludioxonil at the rates of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 g ai./ 100 kg of seeds with the standard treatment of benomyl + TMTD (150 + 150 g ai. /100 kg) used in Cuba on the disinfection of seed of the varieties: a) non commercial rice seed; b) Reforma 28; c) Reforma 29 and d) J 104. For each variant of treatment, 100 g of seeds were treated in plastic bags with a final solution of 10 mL being left overnight in the bags. The seeds were incubated in a blotter test at 27 °C under two 40w fluorescent lamps during 10 days. The best effect on seed germination, fungal growth inhibition and necrosis development in hypocotyls and plumule were obtained with the rates of 5 and 10 g ai./100 kg, which showed to be superior to the standard treatment of benomyl+TMTD in use in the practice. At the rate of 5 g ai of fludioxonil, some species of the seed contaminants Aspergillus and Rhizopus were not fully inhibited. The rate of 2.5 g of fludioxonil/100 kg and lower showed a reduced efficacy. It is recommended the use of fludioxonil at the rate of 5 and 10 g of ai./100 kg of seeds as a new alternative with lower environmental impact for the rice disinfection against fungal pathogens than the standard treatment in use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
34. Eficacia del azoxystrobin y diferentes triazoles en el control en campo de las principales enfermedades fúngicas del arroz en Cuba.
- Author
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Pérez-Vicente, Luis, Cordero, Vladimir, and Fabret-Leal, Leonila
- Subjects
- *
RICE diseases & pests treatment , *FUNGAL diseases of plants , *AZOXYSTROBIN , *TRIAZOLES , *STROBILURINS , *FUNGICIDES , *AGRICULTURE , *HINOSAN - Abstract
The efficacy of new fungicides, rates and timing of treatments on the control of leaf blight and neck rot by Magnaporthe grisea, sheath blight by Rhizoctonia solani, leaf scald by Gerlachia oryzae, sheath rot by Sarocladium oryzae and brown stripe of the leaf by Sphaerulina oryzina was study in an experiment at the Caribe farm in the rice production CAI Los Palacios using a factorial in ramdomized blocks design with four repetitions. The best results in the control of M. grisea were obtained with azoxystrobin (120 g ia./ha), tebuconazole + triadimenol (110 + 37.5 g ia./ha) and pyroquilon + propiconazole (125 + 125 g ia./ha) in treatments at disease onset in the leaves and at 10 and 50 % of panicle development in the field. The fungicides iprofenphos and edifenphos showed a low efficacy in the control of leaf blight and neck rot by M. grisea. The best control of R. solani were achieved by azoxystrobin (120 g ia./ha) and the mixture of edifenphos + hexaconazole at 500+50 g ia./ha. Tebuconazole + triadimenol at the rate of 112.5 + 37.5 g ia./ha and azoxystrobin at 120 g ia./ha, shown the best efficacy in the control of leaf scald by Gerlachia oryzae without differenc among them. The yields of the plots were correlated with the incidence of leaf blight and neck rot by M. grisea and leaf scald. The best yields were obtained with azoxystrobin and tebuconazole + triadimenol at the used rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
35. Diagnóstico mediante qPCR de las razas 1, 2 y 4 tropical de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubensis, agente causal del mal de Panamá de las musáceas.
- Author
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Pérez-Vicente, Luis, Martínez-de la Parte, Einar, Borras-Hidalgo, Orlando, and CanaleII, Eduardo
- Subjects
- *
FUSARIUM oxysporum , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *BANANA diseases & pests - Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubensis (Foc), agente causal del mal de Panamá, es uno de los patógenos más nocivos que afectan las musáceas y no puede ser diferenciado morfológicamente de otros F. oxysporum. La enfermedad tiene un largo periodo de incubación que dificulta el diagnóstico temprano, los estudios epidemiológicos y de manejo. Se aisló y purificó el ADN de cuatro aislamientos de la raza 1 (R1, VCG 01210 y 0124), nueve de raza 2 (R2, VCGs 0124, 0124/0125, 0128 y 1210), cinco Nit M de raza tropical 4 (R4T, VCG 01213), uno de la raza 4 subtropical (R4S) y tres de los VCGs, 0120, 0123 y 0124/0125, así como de F. oxysporum asociados a lesiones necróticas en raíces de plátanos y F. pallidoroseum de lesiones de la pudrición de la corona. Se amplificó la región IGS del operón nuclear ribosomal utilizando los cebadores CNS1-CNL12 y se secuenciaron los amplicones obtenidos. Basado en los polimorfismos de los nucleótidos, se desarrollaron cebadores para qPCR para la identificación cuantitativa de aislamientos y tejidos infectados de bananos por Foc TR4 (qFocR4T-f y qFocR4T-r), y R1/R2 (qFocR1R2-f y qFocR1R2-r). Se desarrollaron protocolos individuales de diagnóstico por qPCR utilizando SybrGreen. Se obtuvieron altas sensibilidad y especificidad en el diagnóstico que permitió la detección de 1pg de ADN específico de R4T y R1/R2, respectivamente. Se verificó la similitud de las secuencias de los amplicones con los cebadores, lo que demostró la especificidad de las reacciones. Estos sistemas contribuirán al diagnóstico temprano y cuantitativo de Foc R4T y R1/R2, al conocimiento de la epidemiología, la interacción Foc-Musa spp., así como al desarrollo de herramientas de manejo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
36. Biosecurity at banana farm level: the future way for reducing exotic disease risks.
- Author
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Pérez-Vicente, Luis
- Subjects
- *
BIOSECURITY , *BANANA growers , *FRUIT diseases & pests - Abstract
Banana production in Latin America and the Caribbean (LA&C) is threated by important endemic and exotic diseases caused by fungi (e.g., Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4, speckle by Phyllosticta cavendishi), wilts caused by prokaryotic agents (Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial wilt complex, Xanthomonas musacearum, Dickeya spp., banana wilt phytoplasm), and viral diseases (banana bunchy top virus, banana bract mosaic virus, banana streak virus, CM, etc.). Prevention of introduction and dissemination of exotic pests to a given location is carried out at three levels: at pre-country borders, at country borders, and inside the country borders. The final and most important line of defense to reduce the threat imposed by exotic pest introduction is the development of contingency plans and implementation at farm level of biosecurity procedures based on good practices of prevention of introduction of diseases. In the present paper, the most important diseases threatening banana production in LA&C and their ways of dispersal are discussed, and it is proposed a program of biosecurity at farm level based on six basic measures to be adopted to reduce the risks of exotic disease introduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
37. Infección de Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus 1, 2 y 3 en plantas de piña, híbrido 'MD-2' en Ciego de Ávila.
- Author
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Hernández-Rodríguez, Lester, Nápoles Borrero, Lelurlys, Pérez Vicente, Luis, Concepción Laffitte, Oscar Vitalio, Cid Ruiz, Mariela, Alvares Llanes, Yilian, and Zamora Rodríguez, Victoria
- Subjects
- *
MEALYBUGS , *PINEAPPLE growing , *PINEAPPLE , *FRUIT diseases & pests , *WILT diseases - Abstract
The etiology of the mealybug wit of pineapple (MWP) disease is associated with a complex of ampeloviruses (Closteroviridae) named Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus -1 to -5 (PMWaV-1 to -5). The aims of this study were to determine the specie of PMWaVs associated with MWP symptoms in pineapples plants hybrid 'MD-2', and virus presence in asymptomatic crowns of the same cultivar. Six symptomatic plants and 25 asymptomatic crowns were collected in pineapples cv. 'MD-2' commercial fields in Ciego de Ávila, during the period 2010-2015. The crowns were used as explants to produce "in vitro" plants. Total RNAs were extracted to detect PMWaV-1, -2 and -3 by RT-PCR. Five of the six MWP symptomatic plants contained PMWaV-2 infection, four of them with mixed infection with PMWaV-1 and/or PMWaV-3. The forty percent of the 25 in vitro plants were infected, at least, by one PMWaV, 16 % of the three viral species, 8 % by two, and 16 % by only one virus. The incidence of PMWaVs was 38.5 % either for PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-3 (12/31), and 32.3 % for PMWaV-2 (10/31). These results indicate the need of the sanitary certification of pineapple propagation material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
38. The Vulnerability of Cuban Banana Production to Fusarium Wilt Caused by Tropical Race 4.
- Author
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Martínez de la Parte E, Pérez-Vicente L, García-Bastidas F, Bermúdez-Caraballoso I, Schnabel S, Meijer HJG, and Kema GHJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Plant Diseases prevention & control, Plant Breeding, Phenotype, Fusarium physiology, Musa
- Abstract
Bananas are major agricultural commodities in Cuba. One of the main constraints of banana production worldwide is Fusarium wilt of banana. Recent outbreaks in Colombia, Perú, and Venezuela have raised widespread concern in Latin America due to the potential devastating impact on the sustainability of banana production, food security, and livelihoods of millions of people in the region. Here, we phenotyped 18 important Cuban banana and plantain varieties with two Fusarium strains-Tropical Race 4 (TR4) and Race 1-under greenhouse conditions. These varieties represent 72.8% of the national banana acreage in Cuba and are also widely distributed in Latin America and the Caribbean region. A broad range of disease responses from resistant to very susceptible was observed against Race 1. On the contrary, not a single banana variety was resistant to TR4. These results underscore that TR4 potentially threatens nearly 56% of the contemporary Cuban banana production area, which is planted with susceptible and very susceptible varieties, and call for a preemptive evaluation of new varieties obtained in the national breeding program and the strengthening of quarantine measures to prevent the introduction of TR4 into the country., Competing Interests: The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Epidural Neurostimulation of Posterior Funiculi for the Treatment of Buerger's Disease.
- Author
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Vaquer Quiles L, Blasco González L, Asensio Samper J, Villanueva Pérez VL, López Alarcón MD, and De Andrés Ibáñez J
- Abstract
Background. Buerger disease is a nonatherosclerotic, segmental, occlusive and recurrent inflammatory vascular disorder that affects small and medium-sized arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities. Case reports. We report two cases of Buerger disease. Medical History. Smoking habit. No autoimmune diseases. No diabetes mellitus. Intermittent vascular claudication at 100-150 m. Several hospital admissions for amputations. Prior Medical Treatment. Antiplatelet agents, vasodilators, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, third-step analgesics, fibrinolytic treatment and lumbar sympathectomies. Following all of the above treatments, Synergy(®) spinal cord (ECP) stimulator with two electrodes (Quad PISCES(©) ) placed at the level of T9-T10. Results. There has been a reduction in pain of about 80% and an improvement of intermittent claudication (one of the patients no longer claudicates, whereas the other patient claudicates at 400 m). Conclusion. Neurostimulation of the posterior funiculi could be considered not only as palliative care but also as a therapeutic option., (© 2009 International Neuromodulation Society.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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