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Aim: To commission and validate commercial deformable image registration (DIR) systems (SmartAdapt® and Velocity™) using task group 132 (TG-132) digital phantom datasets. Additionally, the study compares and verifies the DIR algorithms of the two systems. Materials and Methods: TG-132 digital phantoms were obtained from the American Association of Physicists in Medicine website and imported into SmartAdapt® and Velocity™ systems for commissioning and validation. The registration results were compared with known shifts using rigid registrations and deformable registrations. Virtual head and neck phantoms obtained online (DIR Evaluation Project) and some selected clinical data sets from the department were imported into the two DIR systems. For both of these datasets, DIR was carried out between the source and target images, and the contours were then propagated from the source to the target image data set. The dice similarity coefficient (DSC), mean distance to agreement (MDA), and Jacobian determinant measures were utilised to evaluate the registration results. Results: The recommended criteria for commissioning and validation of DIR system from TG-132 was error

The desirable characteristics of an energy storage system (ESS) to fulfill the energy requirement in electric vehicles (EVs) are high specific energy, significant storage capacity, longer life cycles, high operating efficiency, and low cost. In order to advance electric transportation, it is important to identify the significant characteristics, pros and cons, new scientific developments, potential barriers, and imminent prospects of various energy storage technology. The objective of current research is to analyse and find out the optimal storage technology among different electro-chemical, chemical, electrical, mechanical, and hybrid storage system. Different batteries including lead-acid, nickel-based, lithium-ion, flow, metal-air, solid state, and ZEBRA along with their operating parameters are reviewed. The potential roles of fuel cell, ultracapacitor, flywheel and hybrid storage system technology in EVs are explored. Performance parameters of various battery system are analysed through radar based specified technique to conclude the best storage medium in electric mobility. Additionally, the current study compiles a critical analysis of 264 publications from various sources.

Abstract In this study, the discharge coefficients (C d) of SMBF flumes under free and submerged flow conditions were analytically investigated. The dimensionless parameters involved in the discharge coefficient, derived from the dimensional analysis, are the contraction ratio [r crn = ratio of flume width (w) to channel width (B)], relative head (h w : the ratio of the upstream head (h) to the $$w$$ w ) and, in the case of submerged flow, also the submergence ratio [ $$S_{{\text{r}}} = h_{{\text{t}}} /h_{{\text{u}}}$$ S r = h t / h u : downstream flow depth ( $$h_{{\text{t}}}$$ h t ) to upstream flow depth (h u)]. C d decreases logarithmically from 1.2 to 0.75 in the range of $$h_{w}$$ h w between 0.4 and 1.8. The submerged condition does not reduce the $$C_{{\text{d}}}$$ C d , but it reduces the discharge capacity (up to 50%), so that in some cases, to pass a given flow discharge, $$h_{{\text{u}}}$$ h u should increase by about 100% compared to the free condition.

Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), whose exhaust pipes emit nothing, are examples of zero-emission automobiles. FCEVs should be considered an additional technology that will help battery-powered vehicles to reach the aspirational goal of zero-emissions electric mobility, particularly in situations where the customers demand for longer driving ranges and where using batteries would be insufficient due to bulky battery trays and time-consuming recharging. This study stipulates a current evaluation of the status of development and challenges related to (i) research gap to promote fuel-cell based HEVs; (ii) key barriers of fuel-cell based HEVs; (iii) advancement of electric mobility and their power drive; (iv) electrochemistry of fuel cell technology for FCEVs; (v) power transformation topologies, communication protocols, and advanced charging methods; (vi) recommendations and future prospects of fuel-cell HEVs; and (vii) current research trends of EVs, and FCEVs. This article discusses key challenges with fuel cell electric mobility, such as low fuel cell performance, cold starts, problems with hydrogen storage, cost-reduction, safety concerns, and traction systems. The operating characteristics and applications of several fuel-cell technologies are investigated for FCEVs and FCHEVs. An overview of the fuel cell is provided, which serves as the primary source of energy for FCHEVs, along with comparisons and its electrochemistry. The study of power transformation topologies, communication protocols, and enhanced charging techniques for FCHEVs has been studied analytically. Recent technology advancements and the prospects for FCHEVs are discussed in order to influence the future vehicle market and to attain the aim of zero emissions.

Two hundred germplasm lines of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were evaluated for genetic variability and divergence for seed cotton yield attributing traits and fibre quality traits at Regional Agricultural Research Station, ANGRAU, Lam, Guntur. The analysis of variance indicated significant genetic variability among the germplasm lines. The close symmetry between the phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variances and lower values of environmental coefficient variance for all the studied attributes indicated that the traits were genetically controlled and under less influence of the environment. Higher broad sense heritability and genetic advance for all seed cotton yield attributing traits indicated that these attributes were governed by additive genes and early phenotypic selection for their improvement might be effective. Five principal components (PCs) were depicted as having Eigen value >1 and cumulative variability of 66.17%, out of which PC1 accounted for 26.81% and PC2 for 14.08% of variability. The attributes of significance depicted in PC1 were seed index, lint index, upper half mean length, uniformity index, and staple length. Bi-plot revealed that Lam GPC232, Lam GPC223, Lam GPC225, Lam GPC135, Lam GPC62, Lam GPC85, Lam GPC168, and Lam GPC203 were the most divergent germplasm. These genetically diverse genotypes with the absolute and significant association of attributes could be utilized in a future cotton breeding program.

This study aims to explore the environmental impacts of the solid and liquid wastes of the Petrochemical Industries Complex in the Al-Zubair district (southern Iraq) on the groundwater in the areas surrounding the complex. The waste emerging from the industrial complex is buried in the soil near the factories which has become a major threat to the groundwater of the area. The objectives of the study were to determine the environmental impact of the petrochemical complex and the level of damage caused to neighboring areas as well as to identify the wells most affected by pollution. Field surveys of wells and pollutant disposal sites were conducted in the study area and spatial analysis using the ArcGIS program was used. The results revealed the wells affected by pollution, the type of released pollutants, the extent of their spread and concentration, as well as the factories that produce the most significant percentage of contaminants. Interpretation of spatial information by GIS revealed that liquid chlorine, industrial salts, and ethylene, respectively, had the highest concentrations as pollutants for soil and groundwater, and don't comply with environmental standards. The study also revealed that the chlorine factory, soda, low-density polyethylene granules, and PVC factory are the most polluting factories in the surrounding environment. HIGHLIGHTS The solid and liquid wastes of the petrochemical industries have an environmental impact on the wells’ groundwater.; Burying waste in the soil leads to contaminants reaching groundwater and wells.; Spatial analysis of field data in the ArcGIS reveals the wells affected by pollution, the type of pollutants emitted, their spread and concentration.; Exceeding the environmental standards of factories pollutes the surrounding environment.;

Normally, flight delays and cancellations have significant impact on airlines operations and passenger’s satisfaction. Flight delays reduce the performance of airline operations and make significant effect on airports on time performance. Previously statistical models have been used for flight delays analysis. This study was applied in Indian aviation industry and it has given statistical analysis of domestic airlines. In this research paper, we have applied Machine Learning models with the help of computational intelligence techniques for predicting airport transport management system. We have also applied computational intelligence techniques such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Colonization Optimization (ACO) to optimize the prediction model for delay period time and calculating the most optimal dependability. We have made comprehensive analysis of Data Efficiency Model for different airlines with various approaches as well as comparative analysis of accuracy for predicting airport model by using various machine learning models. In this study we have presented invaluable insights for the analysis of flight delay models.

The study aimed to assess the awareness and knowledge about Bowen's disease among dental students. Bowen disease is an infrequent skin disorder and is also referred to as squamous cell carcinoma in situ. It is a noninvasive form of intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma with flat or slightly raised lesions. An online survey was conducted among 300 dental students between the age group of 18–30 years in the Chennai district based on Bowen's disease. This is the best approach to data collection due to the large population of the city of Chennai and is also appropriate in the current situation where people need to avoid gatherings and close contact. About 78.21% were BDS students and 21.79% were MDS students. In the age group of 10–20 years, 8.97% responded heard about Bowen disease and 3.85% responded not heard. Within the 21–30 years age group, 44.02% responded that Bowen disease is invasive and 20.09% responded noninvasive. Studies showed that the exact occurrence of Bowen's disease is not known. It is found to be more common in men than in women. To conclude, about 65% of participants were aware of Bowen's disease. Nevertheless, patients with Bowen's disease seem to be at an abnormal risk of internal malignancies, and they need to be educated about the various treatments available to prevent the cause as soon as possible.

The objective of the study is to evaluate the association of Ellis Class 2 fracture in children aged between 13 and 17 years. This is a descriptive study that was carried out in a university context, using data from patients with Ellis Class 2 fractures between 13 and 17 years from June 2019 to February 2021, which were obtained by analyzing patient records. The records were transferred to the SPSS software for statistical analysis. The association of Ellis Class 2 fracture is common in relation to 11 which is about 29.41% and more common among the age group of 14 years and had a more male prediction. The knowledge of Ellis Class 2 fracture and its association with several parameters are essential in dentistry for various clinical performances. This can be accomplished by increasing awareness through Continuing Dental Education (CDE) programs, demonstrations, and seminars on the clinical regime of Ellis Class 2 fracture.

Introduction: Isolated local recurrence of prostate cancer following primary radiotherapy or brachytherapy may be treated with focal salvage high dose rate brachytherapy, although there remains an absence of high quality evidence to support this approach. Methods: Men with prostate cancer treated consecutively between 2015 and 2018 using 19 Gy in a single fraction high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR) for locally recurrent prostate cancer were identified from an institutional database. Univariable analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between patient, disease and treatment factors with biochemical progression free survival (bPFS). Results: 43 patients were eligible for evaluation. Median follow up duration was 26 months (range 1–60). Median bPFS was 35 months (95% confidence interval 25.6–44.4). Kaplan-Meier estimates for bPFS at 1, 2 and 3 years post salvage were 95.2%, 70.6% and 41.8% respectively. On univariable Cox regression analysis, only nadir PSA was significantly associated with bPFS although the majority of patients were also treated with androgen deprivation therapy. Only one late grade 3 genitourinary toxicity was observed. Conclusion: Focal salvage HDR brachytherapy may provide good biochemical control with a low risk of severe toxicity. Further evaluation within clinical trials are needed to establish its role in the management of locally recurrent prostate cancer.

Introduction: There is evidence to support use of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in combination with both low dose rate brachytherapy (LDR–EBRT) and high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR–EBRT) to treat intermediate and high risk prostate cancer. Methods: Men with intermediate and high risk prostate cancer treated using LDR–EBRT (treated between 1996 and 2007) and HDR–EBRT (treated between 2007 and 2012) were identified from an institutional database. Multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between patient, disease and treatment factors with biochemical progression free survival (bPFS). Results: 116 men were treated with LDR-EBRT and 171 were treated with HDR–EBRT. At 5 years, bPFS was estimated to be 90.5% for the LDR–EBRT cohort and 77.6% for the HDR–EBRT cohort. On multivariable analysis, patients treated with HDR–EBRT were more than twice as likely to experience biochemical progression compared with LDR–EBRT (HR 2.33, 95% CI 1.12–4.07). Patients with Gleason ≥8 disease were more than five times more likely to experience biochemical progression compared with Gleason 6 disease (HR 5.47, 95% CI 1.26–23.64). Cumulative incidence of ≥grade 3 genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicities for the LDR–EBRT and HDR–EBRT cohorts were 8% versus 4% and 5% versus 1% respectively, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: LDR–EBRT may provide more effective PSA control at 5 years compared with HDR–EBRT. Direct comparison of these treatments through randomised trials are recommended to investigate this hypothesis further. Keywords: Prostate cancer, Low dose rate brachytherapy, High dose rate brachytherapy, External beam radiotherapy

Introduction: Bicytopenias refer to condition in which either of the two cell lineages is reduced because of various diseases affecting the bone marrow. Bone marrow examination plays an important role aiding the peripheral smear and complete blood count findings in various haematological disorders. The present study has emphasised on the utility of bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsies in cases of bicytopenias to assess the causative disease thus aiding for further clinical management. Aim: To study the cytomorphology of bicytopenia in peripheral smear and bone marrow examination and to estimate the utility of bone marrow examination in bicytopenia in arriving at the diagnosis of the disease. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute (BMCRI), Banglore, India, for a period of one year from April 2016 to April 2017. Total 80 confirmed cases of bicytopenias were included. Bone marrow aspiration, imprint smears and biopsy was performed for all cases. The parameters assessed after bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were on cellularity, myeloid to erythroid ratio, cytomorphological details of the cells. The data obtained was tabulated, descriptive statistics and Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of total 80 subjects, age group ranged from two to 79 years. The bicytopenias observed in peripheral smear examination has been anaemia and thrombocytopenia in 88.75% of cases, followed by anaemia and leukopenia in 8.75% of cases, lastly followed by leukopenia and thrombocytopenia in 2.5% of cases. Bone marrow aspiration performed showed predominantly normoblastic maturation followed by megaloblastic maturation and micronormoblastic maturation. The bone marrow aspiration yielded cellular marrow in 75 cases and diluted marrow in five cases. Imprint smears and bone marrow biopsy was performed in all the cases. Out of five diluted aspiration both imprint smears and bone marrow biopsy revealed normoblastic marrow in three cases, single case showed myelofibrosis and a single case of non Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Conclusion: Bone marrow aspiration helps to understand the cytomorphological details. In cases with diluted marrow or dry tap, imprint smears along with bone marrow biopsies help to arrive at the diagnosis. So, they complement each other along with haematological parameters and clinical details to aid for a better clinical management of the patients.

Bone marrow (BM) examination is an essential tool in evaluation and staging of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The aim of this study is to overview the approach to the use of unilateral versus bilateral BM sampling in lymphoproliferative disorders for diagnosis and staging. All cases diagnosed as lymphoproliferative disorders from January 2014 to January 2017 were studied. Bilateral trephine biopsy and aspiration of 414 cases were assessed for involvement patterns and presence/absence of background changes. Bone marrow involvement (BMI) was seen in 109 (26.3%) cases. The cases ranged from 2 to 80 years. BMI was more frequent in B-cell lymphomas than T-cell lymphomas as was the incidence (B-NHL= 87/109 [79.8%]; T-NHL=21/109 [19.1%]). Among B-cell lymphomas, BMI was most frequent in chronic lymphocytic lymphoma followed by B-lymphoblastic lymphoma (BLL) and mantle cell lymphoma. Among T-cell lymphomas, BMI was most frequent in T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (TLL). A single case of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) had BMI. Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) and bone marrow trephine (BMT) agreed in 97% of cases (401 of 414: 308 both negative, 93 both positive). Additional 13 cases were diagnosed on BMT whereas BMA was negative for these cases. Background changes (fibrosis and necrosis) were common in TLL followed by BLL. Of the 109 positive cases, 4 were missed by unilateral BMT. Peripheral spill of lymphoma was seen in 14 of 109 cases. BMT involvement by lymphoma is more commonly seen in lymphoblastic lymphoma. Bilateral trephine biopsy remains gold standard to determine the marrow involvement and staging and assess the remission.

The bioeconomic strategy of Ukraine has not been yet formed, the development of biotechnology is slow, the use of biotechnology is still very fragmentary. The main economic biotechnology sectors of Ukraine are agriculture, pharmaceuticals, food industry and bioenergy. A circular, sustainable bio-economy can become the primary tool for Ukraine’s integration into the EU Green Economy, making its economy more sustainable and competitive. The article aims to develop scientific and methodical aspects of the bioeconomic transformation of the national economy of Ukraine. The paper conducts a comprehensive assessment of the bioeconomic potential of the agri-food sector of the Ukrainian economy and identifies the main development priorities. The dynamics of alternative energy consumption and production from alternative energy sources have been provided.

Introduction: Dental caries is one of the most common causes of morbidity of the tooth. Attempts have been made to reduce the pathogen population size i.e., Mutans Streptococci (MS) to demote the incidence of caries and increase the resistance of the tooth to cariogenic attack. Aim: To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of freshly prepared ozonated water, in proposing it as an alternative mouth rinse on MS in comparison to Chlorhexidine (CHX). Materials and Methods: Subjects with high caries incidence and MS counts more than 105 Colony Forming Unit (CFU) were selected and divided by block randomization into two groups of 23 subjects each. The subjects were advised to use the respective mouth rinses under the operator surveillance, consecutively for 14 days. Stimulated salivary samples were collected from the subjects on the first day, 7th and 14th day to analyse the changes in MS counts during the course of use of oral rinses. The obtained data was tabulated and statistically analysed. Results: Freshly prepared ozonated water showed a statistically significant reduction in MS counts after an interval of 7 days and 14 days when compared to CHX. Conclusion: Ozonated water when consecutively used as a mouth rinse resulted in a significant reduction of MS counts. Hence, it can be used as an alternative to chlorhexidine.

The advantage of Silicon Carbide (SiC) based devices are less thermal management requirements and smaller passive components which result in higher power density. SiC devices have higher blocking voltages, lower on-state resistance and switching losses and higher thermal conductivity and operating temperatures. SiC devices can operate at higher voltages, higher frequencies and higher junction temperatures than comparable Si devices, which results in significant reduction in weight and size of the power converter and increase in system efficiency.

In today’s world, there is a need of verge of significantant transformation in Electrical Power System. The Vehicle-to-Gird (V2G) concept optimizes this transformation. The PEV typically has a higher capacity Energy Storage System (ESS). Each PEV stores approximately 5-40kWh of energy. This energy can be transferred to the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) and Vehicle-to-Building (V2B) as most of the time the vehicle is kept in parking as idle. This paper presents the concept of V2G technology, their classifications, battery storages and types of batteries for V2G.

Synchronous double malignancy involving hematopoietic system and solid organs is rare. We report an interesting case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and carcinoma rectum. High index of suspicion is required in leukemic patients with bleeding per rectum to diagnose synchronous malignancy at an early stage.