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1. Simulation tools, first results and experimental status of the MURAVES experiment

Author

Giammanco, Andrea, Hong, Yanwen, Moussawi, Marwa Al, Ambrosino, Fabio, Anastasio, Antonio, Basnet, Samip, Bonechi, Lorenzo, Bongi, Massimo, Borselli, Diletta, Bross, Alan, Caputo, Antonio, Ciaranfi, Roberto, Cimmino, Luigi, Ciulli, Vitaliano, D'Alessandro, Raffaello, D'Errico, Mariaelena, Frosin, Catalin, Giudicepietro, Flora, Gonzi, Sandro, Macedonio, Giovanni, Masone, Vincenzo, Orazi, Massimo, Paccagnella, Andrea, Peluso, Rosario, Pla-Dalmau, Anna, Samalan, Amrutha, Saracino, Giulio, Scarpato, Giovanni, Strolin, Paolo, Tytgat, Michael, Vertechi, Enrico, and Viliani, Lorenzo

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The MUon RAdiography of VESuvius (MURAVES) project aims at the study of Mt. Vesuvius, an active and hazardous volcano near Naples, Italy, with the use of muons freely and abundantly produced by cosmic rays. In particular, the MURAVES experiment intends to perform muographic imaging of the internal structure of the summit of Mt. Vesuvius. The challenging measurement of the rock density distribution in its summit by muography, in conjunction with data from other geophysical techniques, can help model possible eruption dynamics. The MURAVES apparatus consists of an array of three independent and identical muon trackers, with a total sensitive area of 3 square meters. In each tracker, a sequence of 4 XY tracking planes made of plastic scintillators is complemented by a 60 cm thick lead wall inserted between the two downstream planes to improve rejection of background from low energy muons. The apparatus is currently acquiring data. This paper presents preliminary results from the analysis of the first data samples acquired with trackers pointing towards Mt. Vesuvius, including the first relative measurement of the density projection of two flanks of the volcano at three different altitudes; we also present the workflow of the simulation chain of the MURAVES experiment and its ongoing developments.

Published
2023
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2. Updated constraints on sterile neutrino mixing in the OPERA experiment using a new $\nu_e$ identification method

Author

Agafonova, N., Alexandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buontempo, S., Chernyavskiy, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievsky, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Fini, R. A., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Gentile, V., Goldberg, J., Gorbunov, S., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hayakawa, T., Hollnagel, A., Ishiguro, K., Iuliano, A., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Laudisio, F., Lauria, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Miyanishi, M., Mizutani, F., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Paparella, L., Park, B. D., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Schembri, A., Shakiryanova, I., Shchedrina, T., Shibayama, E., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Simone, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Sotnikov, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Tufanli, S., Vasina, S., Vilain, P., Voevodina, E., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., and Yoon, C. S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This paper describes a new $\nu_e$ identification method specifically designed to improve the low-energy ($< 30\,\mathrm{GeV}$) $\nu_e$ identification efficiency attained by enlarging the emulsion film scanning volume with the next generation emulsion readout system. A relative increase of 25-70% in the $\nu_e$ low-energy region is expected, leading to improvements in the OPERA sensitivity to neutrino oscillations in the framework of the 3 + 1 model. The method is applied to a subset of data where the detection efficiency increase is expected to be more relevant, and one additional $\nu_e$ candidate is found. The analysis combined with the $\nu_\tau$ appearance results improves the upper limit on $\sin^2 2\theta_{\mu e}$ to 0.016 at 90% C.L. in the MiniBooNE allowed region $\Delta m^2_{41} \sim 0.3\,\mathrm{eV}^2$., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures

Published
2022

3. Complete metabolic response after Partially Ablative Radiotherapy (PAR) for bulky retroperitoneal liposarcoma: A case report

Author

Federica Medici, MD, Silvia Strolin, PhD, Paolo Castellucci, MD, Savino Cilla, PhD, Viola Laghi, MD, Erika Galietta, MD, Maria Vadalà, MD, Lidia Strigari, PhD, Alessio Giuseppe Morganti, MD, and Silvia Cammelli, MD

Subjects
Case report, Liposarcoma, Retroperitoneal sarcoma, Palliative radiotherapy, Simultaneous integrated boost, Metabolic response, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

In the management of symptomatic inoperable retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS), palliative radiotherapy (RT) is a potential treatment option. However, the efficacy of low doses used in palliative RT is limited in these radioresistant tumors. Therefore, exploring dose escalation strategies targeting specific regions of the tumor may enhance the therapeutic effect of RT in relieving or preventing symptoms.In this case report, we present the case of an 87-year-old patient with rapidly growing undifferentiated liposarcoma in the retroperitoneum, where surgical and systemic therapies were ruled out due to age and comorbidities. RT was administered using volumetric modulated arc therapy, delivering 20 Gy in 4 fractions twice daily to the macroscopic tumor and 40 Gy in 4 fractions twice daily (simultaneous integrated boost) to the central part of the tumor (Gross Tumor Volume minus 2 cm). An 18F−FDG-PET-CT scan performed after RT demonstrated a complete metabolic response throughout the entire tumor mass. Although the patient eventually succumbed to metastatic spread to the bone, liver, and lung after 9 months, no local disease progression or pain/obstructive symptoms were observed.This case highlights the technical and clinical feasibility of delivering ablative doses of RT to the central region of the tumor and suggests the potential for achieving a complete metabolic response and durable tumor control.

Published
2024
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4. The MURAVES experiment: study of the Vesuvius Great Cone with Muon Radiography

Author

D'Errico, M., Ambrosino, F., Anastasio, A., Basnet, S., Bonechi, L., Bongi, M., Bross, A., Ciaranfi, R., Cimmino, L., Ciulli, C., D'Alessandro, R., Giammanco, A., Giudicepietro, F., Gonzi, S., Karnam, R., Macedonio, G., Masone, V., Mori, N., Moussawi, M., Orazi, M., Passeggio, G., Peluso, R., Pla-Dalmau, A., Rendon, C., Samalan, A., Saracino, G., Scarpato, G., Strolin, P., Tytgat, M., Vertechi, E., and Viliani, L.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

The MURAVES experiment aims at the muographic imaging of the internal structure of the summit of Mt. Vesuvius, exploiting muons produced by cosmic rays. Though presently quiescent, the volcano carries a dramatic hazard in its highly populated surroundings. The challenging measurement of the rock density distribution in its summit by muography, in conjunction with data from other geophysical techniques, can help the modeling of possible eruptive dynamics. The MURAVES apparatus consists of an array of three independent and identical muon trackers, with a total sensitive area of 3 square meters. In each tracker, a sequence of 4 XY tracking planes made of plastic scintillators is complemented by a 60 cm thick lead wall inserted between the two downstream planes to improve rejection of background from low energy muons. The apparatus is currently acquiring data. Preliminary results from the analysis of a first data sample are presented., Comment: Conference Muography2021, 10 pages, 8 figures

Published
2022

5. The Nexus of Cult and Pastoralism in Neolithic Northwest Arabia: Contextualising the Mustatil Phenomenon

Author

Melissa Kennedy, Laura Strolin, Lauren Swift, Fahad Bagdadi, Jane McMahon, and Hugh Thomas

Subjects
mustatil, arabia, neolithic, cult, monumentality, pastoralism, Human evolution, GN281-289, Prehistoric archaeology, GN700-890, Paleontology, QE701-760
Abstract

At present more than 1600 mustatil have been recorded across Arabia. These monumental ritual structures have been interpreted as markers of territoriality and a key component in constructing and consolidating kinship ties and communal social identities in the Late Neolithic. Perhaps most strikingly, these structures are marked by a homogeneity of architectural form, over a vast geographic area, some 350,000 km2. In AlUla County, ten mustatil have been excavated, including seven by the AAKSA and PAKEP projects. These excavations have revealed chronologically contemporaneous ritual deposits of faunal remains, specifically the horns and upper cranial elements of domesticated sheep, goat, and cattle, as well as wild taxa, such as gazelle and ibex. Despite the overall similarity of architectural form across these examples, the faunal composition of these deposits varies, with some structures marked by higher proportions of wild taxa, whilst others are predominantly composed of cattle and/or caprines. In this paper, we present the data from each of the excavated mustatils and explore the possibility that these assemblages represent the pastoral economies of the group(s) who constructed the mustatil, shedding new light on the various lifeways and herding practices of the 6th and 5th millennia BC. In addition, comparison with contemporary domestic occupation suggests that the appearance of the mustatil marks the emergence of a sacral architectural form in northwest Arabia during the Neolithic, with a clear architectural distinction maintained between the sacred and profane.

Published
2024
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6. Reflections from Academic Mothers of Young Children on Social Work Research and Education

Author

Mogro-Wilson, Cristina, Negi, Nalini, Acquati, Chiara, Bright, Charlotte, Chang, Doris F., Goings, Trenette Clark, Greenfield, Jennifer C., Gurrola, Maria, Hicks, Tamara, Loomis, Alysse, Parekh, Rupal, Strolin-Goltzman, Jessica, Valdovinos, Miriam G., Walton, Quenette L., and Windsor, Liliane

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound societal impact with unprecedented impact on women's labor force participation, including among academic mothers. Yet, persistent gendered and racialized inequities in academia remain structurally unaddressed, including in social work. We believe that as social work educators we are well-positioned to develop an academic culture that helps us refocus on what matters most; redefine excellence in teaching, service, and research; and make academic practice more equitable. To this end, we convened a group of social work academic mothers, representing various identities at teaching and research-intensive institutions, to offer collective perspectives and recommendations for structural change within the social work academy to buffer the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and exacerbating racial and gendered disparities.

Published
2022
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7. First observation of a tau neutrino charged current interaction with charm production in the Opera experiment

Author

Agafonova, N., Alexandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Chernyavskiy, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievsky, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Fini, R. A., Fornari, F., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Gentile, V., Goldberg, J., Gorbunov, S., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hayakawa, T., Hollnagel, A., Ishiguro, K., Iuliano, A., ić, K. Jakovč, Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., ek, B. Klič, Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Laudisio, F., Lauria, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Miyanishi, M., Mizutani, F., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Paparella, L., Park, B. D., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Schembri, A., Shakiryanova, I., Shchedrina, T., Shibayama, E., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Simone, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Sotnikov, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., ević, M. Stipč, Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Vasina, S., Vilain, P., Voevodina, E., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., and Yoon, C. S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

An event topology with two secondary vertices compatible with the decay of short-lived particles was found in the analysis of neutrino interactions in the Opera target. The observed topology is compatible with tau neutrino charged current (CC) interactions with charm production and neutrino neutral current (NC) interactions with $c\overline{c}$ pair production. However, other processes can mimic this topology. A dedicated analysis was implemented to identify the underlying process. A Monte Carlo simulation was developed and complementary procedures were introduced in the kinematic reconstruction. A multivariate analysis technique was used to achieve an optimal separation of signal from background. Most likely, this event is a $\nu_{\tau}$ CC interaction with charm production, the tau and charm particle decaying into 1 prong and 2 prongs, respectively. The significance of this observation is evaluated., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures; Editors: Marco Roda, Chiara Sirignano and Gabriele Sirri

Published
2019
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8. Final results on neutrino oscillation parameters from the OPERA experiment in the CNGS beam

Author

OPERA Collaboration, Agafonova, N., Alexandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buontempo, S., Chernyavskiy, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievsky, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Fini, R. A., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Gentile, V., Goldberg, J., Gorbunov, S., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hayakawa, T., Hollnagel, A., Ishiguro, K., Iuliano, A., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Laudisio, F., Lauria, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Miyanishi, M., Mizutani, F., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Paparella, L., Park, B. D., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Schembri, A., Shakiryanova, I., Shchedrina, T., Shibayama, E., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Simone, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Sotnikov, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Tufanli, S., Vasina, S., Vilain, P., Voevodina, E., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., and Yoon, C. S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The OPERA experiment has conclusively observed the appearance of tau neutrinos in the muon neutrino CNGS beam. Exploiting the OPERA detector capabilities, it was possible to isolate high purity samples of $\nu_{e}$, $\nu_{\mu}$ and $\nu_{\tau}$ charged current weak neutrino interactions, as well as neutral current weak interactions. In this Letter, the full dataset is used for the first time to test the three-flavor neutrino oscillation model and to derive constraints on the existence of a light sterile neutrino within the framework of the $3+1$ neutrino model. For the first time, tau and electron neutrino appearance channels are jointly used to test the sterile neutrino hypothesis. A significant fraction of the sterile neutrino parameter space allowed by LSND and MiniBooNE experiments is excluded at 90% C.L. In particular, the best-fit values obtained by MiniBooNE combining neutrino and antineutrino data are excluded at 3.3 $\sigma$ significance., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures; Editors: Budimir Kli\v{c}ek and Matteo Tenti

Published
2019
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9. Everything You Always Wanted to Know about Sarcopenia but Were Afraid to Ask: A Quick Guide for Radiation Oncologists (impAct oF saRcopeniA In raDiotherapy: The AFRAID Project)

Author

Federica Medici, Stefania Rizzo, Milly Buwenge, Alessandra Arcelli, Martina Ferioli, Gabriella Macchia, Francesco Deodato, Savino Cilla, Pierandrea De Iaco, Anna Myriam Perrone, Silvia Strolin, Lidia Strigari, Gloria Ravegnini, Alberto Bazzocchi, and Alessio G. Morganti

Subjects
literature review, narrative review, radiotherapy, sarcopenia, adult cancer, pediatric cancer, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Sarcopenia (SP) is a syndrome characterized by age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. SP worsens both acute and late radiation-induced toxicity, prognosis, and quality of life. Myosteatosis is a pathological infiltration of muscle tissue by adipose tissue which often precedes SP and has a proven correlation with prognosis in cancer patients. Sarcopenic obesity is considered a “hidden form” of SP (due to large fat mass) and is independently related to higher mortality and worse complications after surgery and systemic treatments with worse prognostic impact compared to SP alone. The evaluation of SP is commonly based on CT images at the level of the middle of the third lumbar vertebra. On this scan, all muscle structures are contoured and then the outlined surface area is calculated. Several studies reported a negative impact of SP on overall survival in patients undergoing RT for tumors of the head and neck, esophagus, rectum, pancreas, cervix, and lung. Furthermore, several appetite-reducing side effects of RT, along with more complex radiation-induced mechanisms, can lead to SP through, but not limited to, reduced nutrition. In particular, in pediatric patients, total body irradiation was associated with the onset of SP and other changes in body composition leading to an increased risk of cardiometabolic morbidity in surviving adults. Finally, some preliminary studies showed the possibility of effectively treating SP and preventing the worsening of SP during RT. Future studies should be able to provide information on how to prevent and manage SP before, during, or after RT, in both adult and pediatric patients.

Published
2022
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10. Latest results of the OPERA experiment on nu-tau appearance in the CNGS neutrino beam

Author

Agafonova, N., Alexandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Chernyavskiy, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievsky, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Favier, J., Fini, R. A., Fornari, F., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Gentile, V., Goldberg, J., Gorbunov, S., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hayakawa, T., Hollnagel, A., Ishiguro, K., Iuliano, A., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Laudisio, F., Lauria, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malenica, M., Malgin, A., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Miyanishi, M., Mizutani, F., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Olchevsky, A., Okateva, N., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Paparella, L., Park, B. D., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Pistillo, C., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sadovsky, A., Sato, O., Schembri, A., Shakiryanova, I., Shchedrina, T., Shibayama, E., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Simone, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Sotnikov, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Tufanli, S., Ustyuzhanin, A., Vasina, S., Vilain, P., Voevodina, E., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., Wonsak, B., and Yoon, C. S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

OPERA is a long-baseline experiment designed to search for $\nu_{\mu}\to\nu_{\tau}$ oscillations in appearance mode. It was based at the INFN Gran Sasso laboratory (LNGS) and took data from 2008 to 2012 with the CNGS neutrino beam from CERN. After the discovery of $\nu_\tau$ appearance in 2015, with $5.1\sigma$ significance, the criteria to select $\nu_\tau$ candidates have been extended and a multivariate approach has been used for events identification. In this way the statistical uncertainty in the measurement of the oscillation parameters and of $\nu_\tau$ properties has been improved. Results are reported., Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, conference: The 15th International Workshop on Tau Lepton Physics (tau2018)AB

Published
2018

11. Measurement of the cosmic ray muon flux seasonal variation with the OPERA detector

Author

Agafonova, N., Alexandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Chernyavskiy, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievsky, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Fini, R. A., Fornari, F., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Gentile, V., Goldberg, J., Gorbunov, S., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hayakawa, T., Hollnagel, A., Ishiguro, K., Iuliano, A., Jakovčić, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Kliček, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Laudisio, F., Lauria, A., Ljubičić, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Miyanishi, M., Mizutani, F., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Paparella, L., Park, B. D., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Schembri, A., Shakiryanova, I., Shchedrina, T., Shibayama, E., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Simone, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Sotnikov, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipčević, M., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Vasina, S., Vilain, P., Voevodina, E., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., and Yoon, C. S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The OPERA experiment discovered muon neutrino into tau neutrino oscillations in appearance mode, detecting tau leptons by means of nuclear emulsion films. The apparatus was also endowed with electronic detectors with tracking capability, such as scintillator strips and resistive plate chambers. Because of its location, in the underground Gran Sasso laboratory, under 3800 m.w.e., the OPERA detector has also been used as an observatory for TeV muons produced by cosmic rays in the atmosphere. In this paper the measurement of the single muon flux modulation and of its correlation with the seasonal variation of the atmospheric temperature are reported.

Published
2018
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12. Final results of the OPERA experiment on $\nu_\tau$ appearance in the CNGS beam

Author

OPERA Collaboration, Agafonova, N., Alexandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Chernyavskiy, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievsky, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Favier, J., Fini, R. A., Fornari, F., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Gentile, V., Goldberg, J., Gornushkin, Y., Gorbunov, S., Grella, G., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hayakawa, T., Hollnagel, A., Ishiguro, K., Iuliano, A., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Laudisio, F., Lauria, A., Ljubicic, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Malenica, M., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Miyanishi, M., Mizutani, F., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Niwa, K., Okateva, N., Olchevsky, A., Ogawa, S., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Paparella, L., Park, B. D., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Pistillo, C., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sadovsky, A., Sato, O., Schembri, A., Shakiryanova, I., Shchedrina, T., Shibuya, H., Shibayama, E., Shiraishi, T., Simone, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Sotnikov, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Tufanli, S., Ustyuzhanin, A., Vasina, S., Vilain, P., Voevodina, E., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., Wonsak, B., and Yoon, C. S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The OPERA experiment was designed to study $\nu_\mu\to\nu_\tau$ oscillations in appearance mode in the CNGS neutrino beam. In this letter we report the final analysis of the full data sample collected between 2008 and 2012, corresponding to $17.97\cdot 10^{19}$ protons on target. Selection criteria looser than in previous analyses have produced ten $\nu_\tau$ candidate events, thus reducing the statistical uncertainty in the measurement of the oscillation parameters and of $\nu_\tau$ properties. A multivariate approach for event identification has been applied to the candidate events and the discovery of $\nu_\tau$ appearance is confirmed with an improved significance level of 6.1 $\sigma$. $\Delta m^2_{23}$ has been measured, in appearance mode, with an accuracy of 20%. The measurement of $\nu_\tau$ CC cross-section, for the first time with a negligible contamination from $\bar{\nu}_\tau$, and the first direct observation of the $\nu_\tau$ lepton number are also reported., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures

Published
2018
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13. Final results of the search for $\nu_{\mu} \to \nu_{e}$ oscillations with the OPERA detector in the CNGS beam

Author

OPERA Collaboration, Agafonova, N., Aleksandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Chernyavskiy, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievsky, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Favier, J., Fini, R. A., Fornari, F., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Gentile, V., Goldberg, J., Gornushkin, Y., Gorbunov, S., Grella, G., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hayakawa, T., Hollnagel, A., Hosseini, B., Ishiguro, K., Iuliano, A., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Laudisio, F., Lauria, A., Ljubicic, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Malenica, M., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meisel, F., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Miyanishi, M., Mizutani, F., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Niwa, K., Okateva, N., Ogawa, S., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Paparella, L., Park, B. D., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Schembri, A., Shakiryanova, I., Shchedrina, T., Shibuya, H., Shibayama, E., Shiraishi, T., Simone, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Sotnikov, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Vasina, S., Vilain, P., Voevodina, E., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., and Yoon, C. S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The OPERA experiment has discovered the tau neutrino appearance in the CNGS muon neutrino beam, in agreement with the 3 neutrino flavour oscillation hypothesis. The OPERA neutrino interaction target, made of Emulsion Cloud Chamber, was particularly efficient in the reconstruction of electromagnetic showers. Moreover, thanks to the very high granularity of the emulsion films, showers induced by electrons can be distinguished from those induced by $\pi^0$s, thus allowing the detection of charged current interactions of electron neutrinos. In this paper the results of the search for electron neutrino events using the full dataset are reported. An improved method for the electron neutrino energy estimation is exploited. Data are compatible with the 3 neutrino flavour mixing model expectations and are used to set limits on the oscillation parameters of the 3+1 neutrino mixing model, in which an additional mass eigenstate $m_{4}$ is introduced. At high $\Delta m^{2}_{41}$ $( \gtrsim 0.1~\textrm{eV}^{2})$, an upper limit on $\sin^2 2\theta_{\mu e}$ is set to 0.021 at 90% C.L. and $\Delta m^2_{41} \gtrsim 4 \times 10^{-3}~\textrm{eV}^{2}$ is excluded for maximal mixing in appearance mode., Comment: Editors: M. Tenti and S. Vasina

Published
2018

14. Discovery potential for directional Dark Matter detection with nuclear emulsions

Author

Agafonova, N., Aleksandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Asada, T., Ashikhmin, V. V., Bodnarchuk, I., Buonaura, A., Chernyavskii, M., Chukanov, A., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., Di Crescenzo, A., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievski, S., Enikeev, R. I., Fini, R. A., Galati, G., Gentile, V., Gorbunov, S., Gornushkin, Y., Guler, A. M., Ichiki, H., Katsuragawa, T., Konovalova, N., Kuge, K., Lauria, A., Lee, K. Y., Lista, L., Malgin, A. S., Managadze, A., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Naka, T., Okateva, N., Park, B. D., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pupilli, F., Roganova, T., Rogozhnikov, A., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O. G., Sato, O., Shakiryanova, I. R., Shchedrina, T., Sirignano, C., Sohn, J. Y., Sotnikov, A., Starkov, N., Strolin, P., Tioukov, V., Umemoto, A., Ustyuzhanin, A., Yoon, C. S., Yoshimoto, M., and Vasina, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Direct Dark Matter searches are nowadays one of the most fervid research topics with many experimental efforts devoted to the search for nuclear recoils induced by the scattering of Weakly Interactive Massive Particles (WIMPs). Detectors able to reconstruct the direction of the nucleus recoiling against the scattering WIMP are opening a new frontier to possibly extend Dark Matter searches beyond the neutrino background. Exploiting directionality would also prove the galactic origin of Dark Matter with an unambiguous signal-to-background separation. Indeed, the angular distribution of recoiled nuclei is centered around the direction of the Cygnus constellation, while the background distribution is expected to be isotropic. Current directional experiments are based on gas TPC whose sensitivity is limited by the small achievable detector mass. In this paper we present the discovery potential of a directional experiment based on the use of a solid target made of newly developed nuclear emulsions and of optical read-out systems reaching unprecedented nanometric resolution., Comment: 8 pages, 12 figures

Published
2017
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15. The active muon shield in the SHiP experiment

Author

SHiP collaboration, Akmete, A., Alexandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Atkin, E., Azorskiy, N., Back, J. J., Bagulya, A., Baranov, A., Barker, G. J., Bay, A., Bayliss, V., Bencivenni, G., Berdnikov, A. Y., Berdnikov, Y. A., Bertani, M., Betancourt, C., Bezshyiko, I., Bezshyyko, O., Bick, D., Bieschke, S., Blanco, A., Boehm, J., Bogomilov, M., Bondarenko, K., Bonivento, W. M., Boyarsky, A., Brenner, R., Breton, D., Brundler, R., Bruschi, M., Büscher, V., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Cadeddu, S., Calcaterra, A., Campanelli, M., Chauveau, J., Chepurnov, A., Chernyavsky, M., Choi, K. -Y., Chumakov, A., Ciambrone, P., Dallavalle, G. M., D'Ambrosio, N., D'Appollonio, G., De Lellis, G., De Roeck, A., De Serio, M., Dedenko, L., Di Crescenzo, A., Di Marco, N., Dib, C., Dijkstra, H., Dmitrenko, V., Domenici, D., Donskov, S., Dubreuil, A., Ebert, J., Enik, T., Etenko, A., Fabbri, F., Fabbri, L., Fedin, O., Fedorova, G., Felici, G., Ferro-Luzzi, M., Fini, R. A., Fonte, P., Franco, C., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Gavrilov, G., Gerlach, S., Golinka-Bezshyyko, L., Golubkov, D., Golutvin, A., Gorbunov, D., Gorbunov, S., Gorkavenko, V., Gornushkin, Y., Gorshenkov, M., Grachev, V., Graverini, E., Grichine, V., Guler, A. M., Guz, Yu., Hagner, C., Hakobyan, H., van Herwijnen, E., Hollnagel, A., Hosseini, B., Hushchyn, M., Iaselli, G., Iuliano, A., Jacobsson, R., Jonker, M., Kadenko, I., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Khabibullin, M., Khaustov, G., Khotyantsev, A., Kim, S. H., Kim, V., Kim, Y. G., Kitagawa, N., Ko, J. -W., Kodama, K., Kolesnikov, A., Kolev, D. I., Kolosov, V., Komatsu, M., Konovalova, N., Korkmaz, M. A., Korol, I., Korol'ko, I., Korzenev, A., Kovalenko, S., Krasilnikova, I., Krivova, K., Kudenko, Y., Kurochka, V., Kuznetsova, E., Lacker, H. M., Lai, A., Lanfranchi, G., Lantwin, O., Lauria, A., Lebbolo, H., Lee, K. Y., Lévy, J. -M., Likacheva, V., Lopes, L., Lyubovitskij, V., Maalmi, J., Magnan, A., Maleev, V., Malinin, A., Mefodev, A., Mermod, P., Mikado, S., Mikhaylov, Yu., Milstead, D. A., Mineev, O., Montanari, A., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Movchan, S., Naganawa, N., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Novikov, A., Obinyakov, B., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Owen, P. H., Paoloni, A., Park, B. D., Paparella, L., Pastore, A., Patel, M., Pereyma, D., Petrenko, D., Petridis, K., Podgrudkov, D., Poliakov, V., Polukhina, N., Prokudin, M., Prota, A., Rademakers, A., Ratnikov, F., Rawlings, T., Razeti, M., Redi, F., Ricciardi, S., Roganova, T., Rogozhnikov, A., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Rovelli, T., Ruchayskiy, O., Ruf, T., Samoylenko, V., Saputi, A., Sato, O., Savchenko, E. S., Schmidt-Parzefall, W., Serra, N., Shakin, A., Shaposhnikov, M., Shatalov, P., Shchedrina, T., Shchutska, L., Shevchenko, V., Shibuya, H., Shustov, A., Silverstein, S. B., Simone, S., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, S., Sohn, J. Y., Sokolenko, A., Starkov, N., Storaci, B., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Timiryasov, I., Tioukov, V., Tosi, N., Treille, D., Tsenov, R., Ulin, S., Ustyuzhanin, A., Uteshev, Z., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Vannucci, F., Venkova, P., Vilchinski, S., Villa, M., Vlasik, K., Volkov, A., Voronkov, R., Wanke, R., Woo, J. -K., Wurm, M., Xella, S., Yilmaz, D., Yilmazer, A. U., Yoon, C. S., and Zaytsev, Yu.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The SHiP experiment is designed to search for very weakly interacting particles beyond the Standard Model which are produced in a 400 GeV/c proton beam dump at the CERN SPS. An essential task for the experiment is to keep the Standard Model background level to less than 0.1 event after $2\times 10^{20}$ protons on target. In the beam dump, around $10^{11}$ muons will be produced per second. The muon rate in the spectrometer has to be reduced by at least four orders of magnitude to avoid muon-induced combinatorial background. A novel active muon shield is used to magnetically deflect the muons out of the acceptance of the spectrometer. This paper describes the basic principle of such a shield, its optimization and its performance., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures; added clarifications to the penalty function and emphasized that we care about neutrino interactions in the air

Published
2017
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16. How smart is artificial intelligence in organs delineation? Testing a CE and FDA-approved Deep-Learning tool using multiple expert contours delineated on planning CT images

Author

Silvia Strolin, Miriam Santoro, Giulia Paolani, Ilario Ammendolia, Alessandra Arcelli, Anna Benini, Silvia Bisello, Raffaele Cardano, Letizia Cavallini, Elisa Deraco, Costanza Maria Donati, Erika Galietta, Andrea Galuppi, Alessandra Guido, Martina Ferioli, Viola Laghi, Federica Medici, Maria Ntreta, Natalya Razganiayeva, Giambattista Siepe, Giorgio Tolento, Daria Vallerossa, Alice Zamagni, Alessio Giuseppe Morganti, and Lidia Strigari

Subjects
deep learning tool, segmentation, independent external validation, quality metrics, time saved, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

BackgroundA CE- and FDA-approved cloud-based Deep learning (DL)-tool for automatic organs at risk (OARs) and clinical target volumes segmentation on computer tomography images is available. Before its implementation in the clinical practice, an independent external validation was conducted.MethodsAt least a senior and two in training Radiation Oncologists (ROs) manually contoured the volumes of interest (VOIs) for 6 tumoral sites. The auto-segmented contours were retrieved from the DL-tool and, if needed, manually corrected by ROs. The level of ROs satisfaction and the duration of contouring were registered. Relative volume differences, similarity indices, satisfactory grades, and time saved were analyzed using a semi-automatic tool.ResultsSeven thousand seven hundred sixty-five VOIs were delineated on the CT images of 111 representative patients. The median (range) time for manual VOIs delineation, DL-based segmentation, and subsequent manual corrections were 25.0 (8.0-115.0), 2.3 (1.2-8) and 10.0 minutes (0.3-46.3), respectively. The overall time for VOIs retrieving and modification was statistically significantly lower than for manual contouring (p

Published
2023
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17. Cult, herding, and 'pilgrimage' in the Late Neolithic of north-west Arabia: Excavations at a mustatil east of AlUla.

Author

Melissa Kennedy, Laura Strolin, Jane McMahon, Daniel Franklin, Ambika Flavel, Jacqueline Noble, Lauren Swift, Ahmed Nassr, Stewart Fallon, and Hugh Thomas

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Since the 1970s, monumental stone structures now called mustatil have been documented across Saudi Arabia. However, it was not until 2017 that the first intensive and systematic study of this structure type was undertaken, although this study could not determine the precise function of these features. Recent excavations in AlUla have now determined that these structures fulfilled a ritual purpose, with specifically selected elements of both wild and domestic taxa deposited around a betyl. This paper outlines the results of the University of Western Australia's work at site IDIHA-0008222, a 140 m long mustatil (IDIHA-F-0011081), located 55 km east of AlUla. Work at this site sheds new and important light on the cult, herding and 'pilgrimage' in the Late Neolithic of north-west Arabia, with the site revealing one of the earliest chronometrically dated betyls in the Arabian Peninsula and some of the earliest evidence for domestic cattle in northern Arabia.

Published
2023
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18. Improving total body irradiation with a dedicated couch and 3D-printed patient-specific lung blocks: A feasibility study

Author

Silvia Strolin, Giulia Paolani, Miriam Santoro, Laura Cercenelli, Barbara Bortolani, Ilario Ammendolia, Silvia Cammelli, Gianfranco Cicoria, Phyo Wai Win, Alessio G. Morganti, Emanuela Marcelli, and Lidia Strigari

Subjects
total body irradiation, hematopoietic stem cell transplants, 3D-printing, lung shielding, treatment planning system optimization, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

IntroductionTotal body irradiation (TBI) is an important component of the conditioning regimen in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplants. TBI is used in very few patients and therefore it is generally delivered with standard linear accelerators (LINACs) and not with dedicated devices. Severe pulmonary toxicity is the most common adverse effect after TBI, and patient-specific lead blocks are used to reduce mean lung dose. In this context, online treatment setup is crucial to achieve precise positioning of the lung blocks. Therefore, in this study we aim to report our experience at generating 3D-printed patient-specific lung blocks and coupling a dedicated couch (with an integrated onboard image device) with a modern LINAC for TBI treatment.Material and methodsTBI was planned and delivered (2Gy/fraction given twice a day, over 3 days) to 15 patients. Online images, to be compared with planned digitally reconstructed radiographies, were acquired with the couch-dedicated Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID) panel and imported in the iView software using a homemade Graphical User Interface (GUI). In vivo dosimetry, using Metal-Oxide Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs), was used to assess the setup reproducibility in both supine and prone positions.Results3D printing of lung blocks was feasible for all planned patients using a stereolithography 3D printer with a build volume of 14.5×14.5×17.5 cm3. The number of required pre-TBI EPID-images generally decreases after the first fraction. In patient-specific quality assurance, the difference between measured and calculated dose was generally

Published
2023
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19. NEWS: Nuclear Emulsions for WIMP Search

Author

Aleksandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Asada, T., Bender, D., Bodnarchuk, I., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Chernyavskii, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Di Crescenzo, A., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievski, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Fini, R. A., Furuya, S., Galati, G., Gentile, V., Gorbunov, S., Gornushkin, Y., Guler, A. M., Ichiki, H., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Katsuragawa, T., Kimura, M., Konovalova, N., Kuge, K., Lauria, A., Loverre, P., Machii, S., Managadze, A., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Pastore, A., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pupilli, F., Roganova, T., Rosa, G., Sato, O., Shchedrina, T., Simone, S., Sirignano, C., Sotnikov, A., Starkov, N., Strolin, P., Tawara, Y., Tioukov, V., Umemoto, A., Vladymyrov, M., Yoshimoto, M., and Zemskova, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Nowadays there is compelling evidence for the existence of dark matter in the Universe. A general consensus has been expressed on the need for a directional sensitive detector to confirm, with a complementary approach, the candidates found in conventional searches and to finally extend their sensitivity beyond the limit of neutrino-induced background. We propose here the use of a detector based on nuclear emulsions to measure the direction of WIMP-induced nuclear recoils. The production of nuclear emulsion films with nanometric grains is established. Several measurement campaigns have demonstrated the capability of detecting sub-micrometric tracks left by low energy ions in such emulsion films. Innovative analysis technologies with fully automated optical microscopes have made it possible to achieve the track reconstruction for path lengths down to one hundred nanometers and there are good prospects to further exceed this limit. The detector concept we propose foresees the use of a bulk of nuclear emulsion films surrounded by a shield from environmental radioactivity, to be placed on an equatorial telescope in order to cancel out the effect of the Earth rotation, thus keeping the detector at a fixed orientation toward the expected direction of galactic WIMPs. We report the schedule and cost estimate for a one-kilogram mass pilot experiment, aiming at delivering the first results on the time scale of six years.

Published
2016

20. OPERA tau neutrino charged current interactions

Author

N. Agafonova, A. Alexandrov, A. Anokhina, S. Aoki, A. Ariga, T. Ariga, A. Bertolin, C. Bozza, R. Brugnera, A. Buonaura, S. Buontempo, M. Chernyavskiy, A. Chukanov, L. Consiglio, N. D’Ambrosio, G. De Lellis, M. De Serio, P. del Amo Sanchez, A. Di Crescenzo, D. Di Ferdinando, N. Di Marco, S. Dmitrievsky, M. Dracos, D. Duchesneau, S. Dusini, T. Dzhatdoev, J. Ebert, A. Ereditato, R. A. Fini, F. Fornari, T. Fukuda, G. Galati, A. Garfagnini, V. Gentile, J. Goldberg, S. Gorbunov, Y. Gornushkin, G. Grella, A. M. Guler, C. Gustavino, C. Hagner, T. Hara, T. Hayakawa, A. Hollnagel, K. Ishiguro, A. Iuliano, K. Jakovčić, C. Jollet, C. Kamiscioglu, M. Kamiscioglu, S. H. Kim, N. Kitagawa, B. Kliček, K. Kodama, M. Komatsu, U. Kose, I. Kreslo, F. Laudisio, A. Lauria, A. Lavasa, A. Longhin, P. Loverre, A. Malgin, G. Mandrioli, T. Matsuo, V. Matveev, N. Mauri, E. Medinaceli, A. Meregaglia, S. Mikado, M. Miyanishi, F. Mizutani, P. Monacelli, M. C. Montesi, K. Morishima, M. T. Muciaccia, N. Naganawa, T. Naka, M. Nakamura, T. Nakano, K. Niwa, S. Ogawa, N. Okateva, K. Ozaki, A. Paoloni, B. D. Park, L. Pasqualini, A. Pastore, L. Patrizii, H. Pessard, D. Podgrudkov, N. Polukhina, M. Pozzato, F. Pupilli, M. Roda, T. Roganova, H. Rokujo, G. Rosa, O. Ryazhskaya, O. Sato, I. Shakirianova, A. Schembri, T. Shchedrina, E. Shibayama, H. Shibuya, T. Shiraishi, T. Šimko, S. Simone, C. Sirignano, G. Sirri, A. Sotnikov, M. Spinetti, L. Stanco, N. Starkov, S. M. Stellacci, M. Stipčević, P. Strolin, S. Takahashi, M. Tenti, F. Terranova, V. Tioukov, I. Tsanaktsidis, S. Tufanli, A. Ustyuzhanin, S. Vasina, M. Vidal García, P. Vilain, E. Voevodina, L. Votano, J. L. Vuilleumier, G. Wilquet, and C. S. Yoon

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Measurement(s) tau neutrino Technology Type(s) detector Sample Characteristic - Environment neutrino beam Sample Characteristic - Location Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14979858

Published
2021
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21. Intrinsic neutron background of nuclear emulsions for directional Dark Matter searches

Author

Alexandrov, A., Asada, T., Buonaura, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., Di Crescenzo, A., Di Marco, N., Di Vacri, M. L., Furuya, S., Galati, G., Gentile, V., Katsuragawa, T., Laubenstein, M., Lauria, A., Loverre, P. F., Machii, S., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Naka, T., Pupilli, F., Rosa, G., Sato, O., Strolin, P., Tioukov, V., Umemoto, A., and Yoshimoto, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Recent developments of the nuclear emulsion technology led to the production of films with nanometric silver halide grains suitable to track low energy nuclear recoils with submicrometric length. This improvement opens the way to a directional Dark Matter detection, thus providing an innovative and complementary approach to the on-going WIMP searches. An important background source for these searches is represented by neutron-induced nuclear recoils that can mimic the WIMP signal. In this paper we provide an estimation of the contribution to this background from the intrinsic radioactive contamination of nuclear emulsions. We also report the induced background as a function of the read-out threshold, by using a GEANT4 simulation of the nuclear emulsion, showing that it amounts to about 0.06 neutrons per year per kilogram, fully compatible with the design of a 10 kg$\times$year exposure., Comment: Revised version

Published
2015
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22. Discovery of tau neutrino appearance in the CNGS neutrino beam with the OPERA experiment

Author

OPERA Collaboration, Agafonova, N., Aleksandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bender, D., Bertolin, A., Bodnarchuk, I., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Büttner, B., Chernyavsky, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. Del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievski, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Fini, R. A., Fornari, F., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Goldberg, J., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hayakawa, H., Hollnagel, A., Hosseini, B., Ishiguro, K., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Laudisio, F., Lauria, A., Ljubicic, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P. F., Malgin, A., Malenica, M., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matsushita, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Miyanishi, M., Mizutani, F., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Nakatsuka, Y., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Olchevsky, A., Omura, T., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Paparella, L., Park, B. D., Park, I. G., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Pistillo, C., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Schembri, A., Schmidt-Parzefall, W., Shakirianova, I., Shchedrina, T., Sheshukov, A., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Shoziyoev, G., Simone, S., Sioli, M., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Sotnikov, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Tufanli, S., Vilain, P., Vladymyrov, M., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., Wonsak, B., Yoon, C. S., and Zemskova, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The OPERA experiment was designed to search for $\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{\tau}$ oscillations in appearance mode, i.e. by detecting the $\tau$-leptons produced in charged current $\nu_{\tau}$ interactions. The experiment took data from 2008 to 2012 in the CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso beam. The observation of $\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{\tau}$ appearance, achieved with four candidate events in a sub-sample of the data, was previously reported. In this paper, a fifth $\nu_{\tau}$ candidate event, found in an enlarged data sample, is described. Together with a further reduction of the expected background, the candidate events detected so far allow assessing the discovery of $\nu_{\mu}\rightarrow \nu_{\tau}$ oscillations in appearance mode with a significance larger than 5 $\sigma$., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures

Published
2015
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23. A facility to Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) at the CERN SPS

Author

SHiP Collaboration, Anelli, M., Aoki, S., Arduini, G., Back, J. J., Bagulya, A., Baldini, W., Baranov, A., Barker, G. J., Barsuk, S., Battistin, M., Bauche, J., Bay, A., Bayliss, V., Bellagamba, L., Bencivenni, G., Bertani, M., Bezshyyko, O., Bick, D., Bingefors, N., Blondel, A., Bogomilov, M., Boyarsky, A., Bonacorsi, D., Bondarenko, D., Bonivento, W., Borburgh, J., Bradshaw, T., Brenner, R., Breton, D., Brook, N., Bruschi, M., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Cadeddu, S., Calcaterra, A., Calviani, M., Campanelli, M., Capoccia, C., Cecchetti, A., Chatterjee, A., Chauveau, J., Chepurnov, A., Chernyavskiy, M., Ciambrone, P., Cicalo, C., Conti, G., Cornelis, K., Courthold, M., Dallavalle, M. G., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Dedenko, L., Di Crescenzo, A., Di Marco, N., Dib, C., Dietrich, J., Dijkstra, H., Domenici, D., Donskov, S., Druzhkin, D., Ebert, J., Egede, U., Egorov, A., Egorychev, V., Alaoui, M. A. El, Enik, T., Etenko, A., Fabbri, F., Fabbri, L., Fedorova, G., Felici, G., Ferro-Luzzi, M., Fini, R. A., Franke, M., Fraser, M., Galati, G., Giacobbe, B., Goddard, B., Golinka-Bezshyyko, L., Golubkov, D., Golutvin, A., Gorbunov, D., Graverini, E., Grenard, J-L, Guler, A. M., Hagner, C., Hakobyan, H., Helo, J. C., van Herwijnen, E., Horvath, D., Iacovacci, M., Iaselli, G., Jacobsson, R., Kadenko, I., Kamiscioglu, M., Kamiscioglu, C., Khaustov, G., Khotjansev, A., Kilminster, B., Kim, V., Kitagawa, N., Kodama, K., Kolesnikov, A., Kolev, D., Komatsu, M., Konovalova, N., Koretskiy, S., Korolko, I., Korzenev, A., Kovalenko, S., Kudenko, Y., Kuznetsova, E., Lacker, H., Lai, A., Lanfranchi, G., Lauria, A., Lebbolo, H., Levy, J. -M., Lista, L., Loverre, P., Lukiashin, A., Lyubovitskij, V. E., Malinin, A., Manfredi, M., Perillo-Marcone, A., Marrone, A., Matev, R., Messomo, E. N., Mermod, P., Mikado, S., Mikhaylov, Yu., Miller, J., Milstead, D., Mineev, O., Mingazheva, R., Mitselmakher, G., Miyanishi, M., Monacelli, P., Montanari, A., Montesi, M. C., Morello, G., Morishima, K., Movtchan, S., Murzin, V., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Nurakhov, N., Obinyakov, B., Ocalan, K., Ogawa, S., Oreshkin, V., Orlov, A., Osborne, J., Pacholek, P., Panman, J., Paoloni, A., Paparella, L., Pastore, A., Patel, M., Petridis, K., Petrushin, M., Poli-Lener, M., Polukhina, N., Polyakov, V., Prokudin, M., Puddu, G., Pupilli, F., Rademakers, F., Rakai, A., Rawlings, T., Redi, F., Ricciardi, S., Rinaldesi, R., Roganova, T., Rogozhnikov, A., Rokujo, H., Romaniouk, A., Rosa, G., Rostovtseva, I., Rovelli, T., Ruchayskiy, O., Ruf, T., Saitta, G., Samoylenko, V., Samsonov, V., Ull, A. Sanz, Saputi, A., Sato, O., Schmidt-Parzefall, W., Serra, N., Sgobba, S., Shaposhnikov, M., Shatalov, P., Shaykhiev, A., Shchutska, L., Shevchenko, V., Shibuya, H., Shitov, Y., Silverstein, S., Simone, S., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, S., Solodko, E., Sosnovtsev, V., Spighi, R., Spinetti, M., Starkov, N., Storaci, B., Strabel, C., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Teterin, P., Tioukov, V., Tommasini, D., Treille, D., Tsenov, R., Tshchedrina, T., Ustyuzhanin, A., Vannucci, F., Venturi, V., Villa, M., Vincke, Heinz, Vincke, Helmut, Vladymyrov, M., Xella, S., Yalvac, M., Yershov, N., Yilmaz, D., Yilmazer, A. U., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Zaitsev, Y., and Zoccoli, A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A new general purpose fixed target facility is proposed at the CERN SPS accelerator which is aimed at exploring the domain of hidden particles and make measurements with tau neutrinos. Hidden particles are predicted by a large number of models beyond the Standard Model. The high intensity of the SPS 400~GeV beam allows probing a wide variety of models containing light long-lived exotic particles with masses below ${\cal O}$(10)~GeV/c$^2$, including very weakly interacting low-energy SUSY states. The experimental programme of the proposed facility is capable of being extended in the future, e.g. to include direct searches for Dark Matter and Lepton Flavour Violation., Comment: Technical Proposal

Published
2015

24. Limits on muon-neutrino to tau-neutrino oscillations induced by a sterile neutrino state obtained by OPERA at the CNGS beam

Author

OPERA Collaboration, Agafonova, N., Aleksandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bender, D., Bertolin, A., Bodnarchuk, I., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Büttner, B., Chernyavsky, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. Del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievski, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Fini, R. A., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Goldberg, J., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hollnagel, A., Hosseini, B., Ishiguro, K., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Lauria, A., Ljubicic, A., Longhin, A., Malgin, A., Malenica, M., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Nakatsuka, Y., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Omura, T., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Paparella, L., Park, B. D., Park, I. G., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Schembri, A., Shakirianova, I., Shchedrina, T., Sheshukov, A., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Shoziyoev, G., Simone, S., Sioli, M., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Tufanli, S., Vilain, P., Vladymyrov, M., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., Wonsak, B., Yoon, C. S., and Zemskova, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The OPERA experiment, exposed to the CERN to Gran Sasso $\nu_\mu$ beam, collected data from 2008 to 2012. Four oscillated $\nu_\tau$ Charged Current interaction candidates have been detected in appearance mode, which are consistent with $\nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau$ oscillations at the atmospheric $\Delta m^2$ within the "standard" three-neutrino framework. In this paper, the OPERA $\nu_\tau$ appearance results are used to derive limits on the mixing parameters of a massive sterile neutrino., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures; reference to Planck result updated in the Introduction. Submitted to JHEP

Published
2015
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25. Observation of nu_tau appearance in the CNGS beam with the OPERA experiment

Author

OPERA Collaboration, Agafonova, N., Aleksandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Asada, T., Bender, D., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Buttne, B., Chernyavsky, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. Del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievski, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Fini, R. A., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Giacomelli, G., Goellnitz, C., Goldberg, J., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Guler, M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hayakawa, T., Hollnagel, A., Hosseini, B., Ishida, H., Ishiguro, K., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Katsuragawa, T., Kawada, J., Kawahara, H., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Lauria, A., Lenkeit, J., Ljubicic, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malenica, M., Malgin, A., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Meyer, M., Mikado, S., Miyanishi, M., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Nakatsuka, Y., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Olshevsky, A., Omura, T., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Park, B. D., Park, I. G., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Pistillo, C., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Schembri, A., Shakiryanova, I., Shchedrina, T., Sheshukov, A., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Shoziyoev, G., Simone, S., Sioli, M., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Tufanli, S., Umemoto, A., Vilain, P., Vladimirov, M., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., Wonsak, B., Yoon, C. S., Yaguchi, I., Yoshimoto, M., Zemskova, S., and Zghiche, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The OPERA experiment is searching for nu_mu -> nu_tau oscillations in appearance mode i.e. via the direct detection of tau leptons in nu_tau charged current interactions. The evidence of nu_mu -> nu_tau appearance has been previously reported with three nu_tau candidate events using a sub-sample of data from the 2008-2012 runs. We report here a fourth nu_tau candidate event, with the tau decaying into a hadron, found after adding the 2012 run events without any muon in the final state to the data sample. Given the number of analysed events and the low background, nu_mu -> nu_tau oscillations are established with a significance of 4.2sigma., Comment: Submitted to Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (PTEP)

Published
2014
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26. Determination of the muon charge sign with the dipolar spectrometers of the OPERA experiment

Author

OPERA Collaboration, Agafonova, N., Aleksandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bender, D., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Büttner, B., Chernyavsky, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. Del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievski, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Fini, R. A., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Giacomelli, G., Goellnitz, C., Goldberg, J., Goloubkov, D., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Guler, M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hollnagel, A., Hosseini, B., Ishida, H., Ishiguro, K., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kawada, J., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Lauria, A., Lenkeit, J., Ljubicic, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Malenica, M., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Meyer, M., Mikado, S., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Nakatsuka, Y., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Olshevsky, A., Omura, T., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Park, B. D., Park, I. G., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Pistillo, C., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Rokujo, H., Roganova, T., Rosa, G., Rostovtseva, I., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Sato, Y., Schembri, A., Shakiryanova, I., Shchedrina, T., Sheshukov, A., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Shoziyoev, G., Simone, S., Sioli, M., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Tufanli, S., Vilain, P., Vladimirov, M., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., Wonsak, B., Yoon, C. S., Zaitsev, Y., Zemskova, S., and Zghiche, A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The OPERA long-baseline neutrino-oscillation experiment has observed the direct appearance of $\nu_\tau$ in the CNGS $\nu_\mu$ beam. Two large muon magnetic spectrometers are used to identify muons produced in the $\tau$ leptonic decay and in $\nu_\mu^{CC}$ interactions by measuring their charge and momentum. Besides the kinematic analysis of the $\tau$ decays, background resulting from the decay of charmed particles produced in $\nu_\mu^{CC}$ interactions is reduced by efficiently identifying the muon track. A new method for the charge sign determination has been applied, via a weighted angular matching of the straight track-segments reconstructed in the different parts of the dipole magnets. Results obtained for Monte Carlo and real data are presented. Comparison with a method where no matching is used shows a significant reduction of up to 40\% of the fraction of wrongly determined charges., Comment: 10 pages. Improvements in the text

Published
2014

27. Procedure for short-lived particle detection in the OPERA experiment and its application to charm decays

Author

Agafonova, N., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bender, D., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Buttner, B., Chernyavsky, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. Del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievski, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Fini, R. A., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Giacomelli, G., Gollnitz, C., Goldberg, J., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Guler, M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hollnagel, A., Hosseini, B., Ishida, H., Ishiguro, K., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kawada, J., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Lauria, A., Lenkeit, J., Ljubicic, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Malenica, M., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Nakatsuka, Y., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Olshevsky, A., Omura, T., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Park, B. D., Park, I. G., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Pistillo, C., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Rokujo, H., Roganova, T., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Schembri, A., Shakiryanova, I., Shchedrina, T., Sheshukov, A., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Shoziyoev, G., Simone, S., Sioli, M., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strauss, T., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Tufanli, S., Vilain, P., Vladimirov, M., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., Wonsak, B., Yoon, C. S., Zemskova, S., and Zghiche, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The OPERA experiment, designed to perform the first observation of $\nu_\mu \rightarrow \nu_\tau$ oscillations in appearance mode through the detection of the $\tau$ leptons produced in $\nu_\tau$ charged current interactions, has collected data from 2008 to 2012. In the present paper, the procedure developed to detect $\tau$ particle decays, occurring over distances of the order of 1 mm from the neutrino interaction point, is described in detail. The results of its application to the search for charmed hadrons are then presented as a validation of the methods for $\nu_\tau$ appearance detection.

Published
2014
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28. Measurement of TeV atmospheric muon charge ratio with the full OPERA data

Author

Agafonova, N., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bender, D., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Buettner, B., Chernyavsky, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. Del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievski, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Fini, R. A., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Giacomelli, G., Goellnitz, C., Goldberg, J., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Guler, M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hollnagel, A., Hosseini, B., Ishida, H., Ishiguro, K., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kawada, J., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Lauria, A., Lenkeit, J., Ljubicic, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Malenica, M., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Nakatsuka, Y., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Olshevsky, A., Omura, T., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Park, B. D., Park, I. G., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Pistillo, C., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Rokujo, H., Roganova, T., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Schembri, A., Shakiryanova, I., Shchedrina, T., Sheshukov, A., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Shoziyoev, G., Simone, S., Sioli, M., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Tufanli, S., Vilain, P., Vladimirov, M., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., Wonsak, B., Yoon, C. S., Zemskova, S., and Zghiche, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The OPERA detector, designed to search for $\nu_{\mu} \to \nu_{\tau}$ oscillations in the CNGS beam, is located in the underground Gran Sasso laboratory, a privileged location to study TeV-scale cosmic rays. For the analysis here presented, the detector was used to measure the atmospheric muon charge ratio in the TeV region. OPERA collected charge-separated cosmic ray data between 2008 and 2012. More than 3 million atmospheric muon events were detected and reconstructed, among which about 110000 multiple muon bundles. The charge ratio $R_{\mu} \equiv N_{\mu^+}/N_{\mu^-}$ was measured separately for single and for multiple muon events. The analysis exploited the inversion of the magnet polarity which was performed on purpose during the 2012 Run. The combination of the two data sets with opposite magnet polarities allowed minimizing systematic uncertainties and reaching an accurate determination of the muon charge ratio. Data were fitted to obtain relevant parameters on the composition of primary cosmic rays and the associated kaon production in the forward fragmentation region. In the surface energy range 1-20 TeV investigated by OPERA, $R_{\mu}$ is well described by a parametric model including only pion and kaon contributions to the muon flux, showing no significant contribution of the prompt component. The energy independence supports the validity of Feynman scaling in the fragmentation region up to $200$ TeV/nucleon primary energy., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables

Published
2014
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29. Evidence for $\nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau$ appearance in the CNGS neutrino beam with the OPERA experiment

Author

Agafonova, N., Aleksandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Asada, T., Autiero, D., Dhahbi, A. Ben, Badertscher, A., Bender, D., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Brunet, F., Brunetti, G., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Buettner, B., Chaussard, L., Chernyavsky, M., Chiarella, V., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. Del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievski, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Favier, J., Ferber, T., Ferone, G., Fini, R. A., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Giacomelli, G., Goellnitz, C., Goldberg, J., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Grianti, F., Guler, M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hakamata, K., Hara, T., Hayakawa, T., Hierholzer, M., Hollnagel, A., Hosseini, B., Ishida, H., Ishiguro, K., Ishikawa, M., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Katsuragawa, T., Kawada, J., Kawahara, H., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. H., Kimura, M., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Lauria, A., Lenkeit, J., Ljubicic, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Mandrioli, G., Marteau, J., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Migliozzi, P., Mikado, S., Miyanishi, M., Miyashita, E., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Nakatsuka, Y., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Olshevsky, A., Omura, T., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Park, B. D., Park, I. G., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pennacchio, E., Pessard, H., Pistillo, C., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pretzl, K., Pupilli, F., Rescigno, R., Roda, M., Rokujo, H., Roganova, T., Rosa, G., Rostovtseva, I., Rubbia, A., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Sato, Y., Schembri, A., Schmidt-Parzefal, W., Shakiryanova, I., Shchedrina, T., Sheshukov, A., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Shoziyoev, G., Simone, S., Sioli, M., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strauss, T., Strolin, P., Suzuki, K., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Tufanli, S., Vilain, P., Vladimirov, M., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., Wonsak, B., Yoon, C. S., Yoshida, J., Yoshimoto, M., Zaitsev, Y., Zemskova, S., and Zghiche, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The OPERA experiment is designed to search for $\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{\tau}$ oscillations in appearance mode i.e. through the direct observation of the $\tau$ lepton in $\nu_{\tau}$ charged current interactions. The experiment has taken data for five years, since 2008, with the CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso beam. Previously, two $\nu_{\tau}$ candidates with a $\tau$ decaying into hadrons were observed in a sub-sample of data of the 2008-2011 runs. Here we report the observation of a third $\nu_\tau$ candidate in the $\tau^-\to\mu^-$ decay channel coming from the analysis of a sub-sample of the 2012 run. Taking into account the estimated background, the absence of $\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{\tau}$ oscillations is excluded at the 3.4 $\sigma$ level., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 tables

Published
2014
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30. First observation of a tau neutrino charged current interaction with charm production in the OPERA experiment

Author

N. Agafonova, A. Aleksandrov, A. Anokhina, S. Aoki, A. Ariga, T. Ariga, A. Bertolin, C. Bozza, R. Brugnera, A. Buonaura, S. Buontempo, M. Chernyavskiy, A. Chukanov, L. Consiglio, N. D’Ambrosio, G. De Lellis, M. De Serio, P. del Amo Sanchez, A. Di Crescenzo, D. Di Ferdinando, N. Di Marco, S. Dmitrievski, M. Dracos, D. Duchesneau, S. Dusini, T. Dzhatdoev, J. Ebert, A. Ereditato, R. A. Fini, F. Fornari, T. Fukuda, G. Galati, A. Garfagnini, V. Gentile, J. Goldberg, S. Gorbunov, Y. Gornushkin, G. Grella, A. M. Guler, C. Gustavino, C. Hagner, T. Hara, T. Hayakawa, A. Hollnagel, K. Ishiguro, A. Iuliano, K. Jakovcic, C. Jollet, C. Kamiscioglu, M. Kamiscioglu, S. H. Kim, N. Kitagawa, B. Klicek, K. Kodama, M. Komatsu, U. Kose, I. Kreslo, F. Laudisio, A. Lauria, A. Longhin, P. Loverre, A. Malgin, M. Malenica, G. Mandrioli, T. Matsuo, V. Matveev, N. Mauri, E. Medinaceli, A. Meregaglia, S. Mikado, M. Miyanishi, F. Mizutani, P. Monacelli, M. C. Montesi, K. Morishima, M. T. Muciaccia, N. Naganawa, T. Naka, M. Nakamura, T. Nakano, K. Niwa, N. Okateva, S. Ogawa, K. Ozaki, A. Paoloni, L. Paparella, B. D. Park, L. Pasqualini, A. Pastore, L. Patrizii, H. Pessard, D. Podgrudkov, N. Polukhina, M. Pozzato, F. Pupilli, M. Roda, T. Roganova, H. Rokujo, G. Rosa, O. Ryazhskaya, O. Sato, A. Schembri, I. Shakirianova, T. Shchedrina, H. Shibuya, E. Shibayama, T. Shiraishi, S. Simone, C. Sirignano, G. Sirri, A. Sotnikov, M. Spinetti, L. Stanco, N. Starkov, S. M. Stellacci, M. Stipcevic, P. Strolin, S. Takahashi, M. Tenti, F. Terranova, V. Tioukov, S. Vasina, P. Vilain, E. Voevodina, L. Votano, J. L. Vuilleumier, G. Wilquet, and C. S. Yoon

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract An event topology with two secondary vertices compatible with the decay of short-lived particles was found in the analysis of neutrino interactions in the OPERA target. The observed topology is compatible with tau neutrino charged current (CC) interactions with charm production and neutrino neutral current (NC) interactions with $$c\overline{c}$$ cc¯ pair production. However, other processes can mimic this topology. A dedicated analysis was implemented to identify the underlying process. A Monte Carlo simulation was developed and complementary procedures were introduced in the kinematic reconstruction. A multivariate analysis technique was used to achieve an optimal separation of signal from background. Most likely, this event is a $$\nu _{\tau }$$ ντ CC interaction with charm production, the tau and charm particle decaying into 1 prong and 2 prongs, respectively. The significance of this observation is evaluated.

Published
2020
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31. PVA-Microbubbles as a Radioembolization Platform: Formulation and the In Vitro Proof of Concept

Author

Valerio Da Ros, Letizia Oddo, Yosra Toumia, Eugenia Guida, Silvia Minosse, Lidia Strigari, Silvia Strolin, Giulia Paolani, Francesca Di Giuliano, Roberto Floris, Francesco Garaci, Susanna Dolci, Gaio Paradossi, and Fabio Domenici

Subjects
PVA microbubbles, glioblastoma, radioembolization, yttrium, DOTA, RGD, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract

This proof-of-concept study lays the foundations for the development of a delivery strategy for radioactive lanthanides, such as Yttrium-90, against recurrent glioblastoma. Our appealing hypothesis is that by taking advantage of the combination of biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) microbubbles (MBs) and endovascular radiopharmaceutical infusion, a minimally invasive selective radioembolization can be achieved, which can lead to personalized treatments limiting off-target toxicities for the normal brain. The results show the successful formulation strategy that turns the ultrasound contrast PVA-shelled microbubbles into a microdevice, exhibiting good loading efficiency of Yttrium cargo by complexation with a bifunctional chelator. The selective targeting of Yttrium-loaded MBs on the glioblastoma-associated tumor endothelial cells can be unlocked by the biorecognition between the overexpressed αVβ3 integrin and the ligand Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys) at the PVA microbubble surface. Hence, we show the suitability of PVA MBs as selective Y-microdevices for in situ injection via the smallest (i.e., 1.2F) neurointerventional microcatheter available on the market and the accumulation of PVA MBs on the HUVEC cell line model of integrin overexpression, thereby providing ~6 × 10−15 moles of Y90 per HUVEC cell. We further discuss the potential impact of using such versatile PVA MBs as a new therapeutic chance for treating glioblastoma multiforme recurrence.

Published
2023
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32. New results on $\nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau$ appearance with the OPERA experiment in the CNGS beam

Author

OPERA Collaboration, Agafonova, N., Aleksandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Asada, T., Autiero, D., Badertscher, A., Dhahbi, A. Ben, Bender, D., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Brunetti, G., Buettner, B., Buontempo, S., Chaussard, L., Chernyavskiy, M., Chiarella, V., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., Sanchez, P. Del Amo, De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievski, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Favier, J., Ferber, T., Fini, R. A., Fukuda, T., Garfagnini, A., Giacomelli, G., Goellnitz, C., Goldberg, J., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Grianti, F., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hakamata, K., Hara, T., Hayakawa, T., Hierholzer, M., Hollnagel, A., Hosseini, B., Ishida, H., Ishiguro, K., Ishikawa, M., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Katsuragawa, T., Kawahara, H., Kawada, J., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. H., Kimura, M., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Lauria, A., Lenkeit, J., Ljubicic, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Mandrioli, G., Marteau, J., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Migliozzi, P., Mikado, S., Minotti, A., Miyanishi, M., Miyashita, E., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Nakatsuka, Y., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Olshevsky, A., Omura, T., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Park, B. D., Park, I. G., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pennacchio, E., Pessard, H., Pistillo, C., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pretzl, K., Pupilli, F., Rescigno, R., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Rostovtseva, I., Rubbia, A., Russo, A., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Sato, Y., Schembri, A., Schmidt-Parzefall, W., Shakiryanova, I., Schcedrina, T., Sheshukov, A., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Shoziyoev, G., Simone, S., Sioli, M., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strauss, T., Strolin, P., Suzuki, K., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Tolun, P., Tufanli, S., Vilain, P., Vladimirov, M., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., Wonsak, B., Yoon, C. S., Yoshida, J., Yoshimoto, M., Zaitsev, Y., Zemskova, S., and Zghiche, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The OPERA neutrino experiment is designed to perform the first observation of neutrino oscillations in direct appearance mode in the $\nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau$ channel, via the detection of the $\tau$-leptons created in charged current $\nu_\tau$ interactions. The detector, located in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory, consists of an emulsion/lead target with an average mass of about 1.2 kt, complemented by electronic detectors. It is exposed to the CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso beam, with a baseline of 730 km and a mean energy of 17 GeV. The observation of the first $\nu_\tau$ candidate event and the analysis of the 2008-2009 neutrino sample have been reported in previous publications. This work describes substantial improvements in the analysis and in the evaluation of the detection efficiencies and backgrounds using new simulation tools. The analysis is extended to a sub-sample of 2010 and 2011 data, resulting from an electronic detector-based pre-selection, in which an additional $\nu_\tau$ candidate has been observed. The significance of the two events in terms of a $\nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau$ oscillation signal is of 2.40 $\sigma$., Comment: 33 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables. Prepared for submission to JHEP

Published
2013

33. Search for $\nu_\mu \rightarrow \nu_e$ oscillations with the OPERA experiment in the CNGS beam

Author

OPERA collaboration, Agafonova, N., Aleksandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Autiero, D., Badertscher, A., Dhahbi, A. Ben, Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Brunet, F., Brunetti, G., Buettner, B., Buontempo, S., Chaussard, L., Chernyavsky, M., Chiarella, V., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievsky, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Ferber, T., Fini, R. A., Fukuda, T., Garfagnini, A., Giacomelli, G., Goellnitz, C., Goldberg, J., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Grianti, F., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hamada, K., Hara, T., Hierholzer, M., Hollnagel, A., Hosseini, B., Ishida, H., Ishiguro, K., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Juget, F., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kawada, J., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. H., Kimura, M., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Lauria, A., Lenkeit, J., Ljubicic, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Mancini-Terracciano, C., Mandrioli, G., Marteau, J., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meisel, F. W., Meregaglia, A., Migliozzi, P., Mikado, S., Minotti, A., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Nakatsuka, Y., Naumov, D., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Olchevsky, A., Omura, T., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Park, B. D., Park, I. G., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pennacchio, E., Pessard, H., Pistillo, C., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pretzl, K., Pupilli, F., Rescigno, R., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Rostovtseva, I., Rubbia, A., Russo, A., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Sato, Y., Schchedrina, T., Schembri, A., Schmidt-Parzefall, W., Shakiryanova, I., Sheshukov, A., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Shoziyoev, G., Simone, S., Sioli, M., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strauss, T., Strolin, P., Suzuki, K., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Tolun, P., Tufanli, S., Vilain, P., Vladimirov, M., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wilquet, G., Wonsak, B., Yoon, C. S., Yoshida, J., Zaitsev, Y., Zemskova, S., and Zghiche, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A first result of the search for \numu $\rightarrow$ \nue oscillations in the OPERA experiment, located at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory, is presented. The experiment looked for the appearance of \nue in the CNGS neutrino beam using the data collected in 2008 and 2009. Data are compatible with the non-oscillation hypothesis in the three-flavour mixing model. A further analysis of the same data constrains the non-standard oscillation parameters $\theta_{new}$ and $\Delta m^2_{new}$ suggested by the LSND and MiniBooNE experiments. For large $\Delta m^{2}_{new}$ values ($>$0.1 eV$^{2}$), the OPERA 90% C.L. upper limit on sin$^{2}(2\theta_{new})$ based on a Bayesian statistical method reaches the value $7.2 \times 10^{-3}$.

Published
2013

34. Dose-Effects Models for Space Radiobiology: An Overview on Dose-Effect Relationships

Author

Lidia Strigari, Silvia Strolin, Alessio Giuseppe Morganti, and Alessandro Bartoloni

Subjects
human space exploration, galactic cosmic radiation, galactic cosmic radiation effects, space radiobiology, space radiation doses, dose-effect model, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Space radiobiology is an interdisciplinary science that examines the biological effects of ionizing radiation on humans involved in aerospace missions. The dose-effect models are one of the relevant topics of space radiobiology. Their knowledge is crucial for optimizing radioprotection strategies (e.g., spaceship and lunar space station-shielding and lunar/Mars village design), the risk assessment of the health hazard related to human space exploration, and reducing damages induced to astronauts from galactic cosmic radiation. Dose-effect relationships describe the observed damages to normal tissues or cancer induction during and after space flights. They are developed for the various dose ranges and radiation qualities characterizing the actual and the forecast space missions [International Space Station (ISS) and solar system exploration]. Based on a Pubmed search including 53 papers reporting the collected dose-effect relationships after space missions or in ground simulations, 7 significant dose-effect relationships (e.g., eye flashes, cataract, central nervous systems, cardiovascular disease, cancer, chromosomal aberrations, and biomarkers) have been identified. For each considered effect, the absorbed dose thresholds and the uncertainties/limitations of the developed relationships are summarized and discussed. The current knowledge on this topic can benefit from further in vitro and in vivo radiobiological studies, an accurate characterization of the quality of space radiation, and the numerous experimental dose-effects data derived from the experience in the clinical use of ionizing radiation for diagnostic or treatments with doses similar to those foreseen for the future space missions. The growing number of pooled studies could improve the prediction ability of dose-effect relationships for space exposure and reduce their uncertainty level. Novel research in the field is of paramount importance to reduce damages to astronauts from cosmic radiation before Beyond Low Earth Orbit exploration in the next future. The study aims at providing an overview of the published dose-effect relationships and illustrates novel perspectives to inspire future research.

Published
2021
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35. OPERA tau neutrino charged current interactions

Author

Agafonova, N., Alexandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Chernyavskiy, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D’Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., del Amo Sanchez, P., Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievsky, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Fini, R. A., Fornari, F., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Gentile, V., Goldberg, J., Gorbunov, S., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hayakawa, T., Hollnagel, A., Ishiguro, K., Iuliano, A., Jakovčić, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Kliček, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Laudisio, F., Lauria, A., Lavasa, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Miyanishi, M., Mizutani, F., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Park, B. D., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Shakirianova, I., Schembri, A., Shchedrina, T., Shibayama, E., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Šimko, T., Simone, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Sotnikov, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipčević, M., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Tsanaktsidis, I., Tufanli, S., Ustyuzhanin, A., Vasina, S., Vidal García, M., Vilain, P., Voevodina, E., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., and Yoon, C. S.

Published
2021
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36. How the Rigid and Deformable Image Registration Approaches Affect the Absorbed Dose Estimation Using Images Collected before and after Transarterial Radioembolization with 90Y Resin Microspheres in a Clinical Setting

Author

Giuseppe Della Gala, Miriam Santoro, Giulia Paolani, Silvia Strolin, Alberta Cappelli, Cristina Mosconi, Elisa Lodi Rizzini, and Lidia Strigari

Subjects
transarterial radioembolization, dosimetry, image registration, delineation, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Background: Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) relies on directly injected 90Y- or 166Ho-loaded microspheres in the hepatic arteries. The activity to be injected is generally based on pre-TARE 99mTc-macro-aggregated-albumin (MAA) imaging, while the actual dose distribution is based on post-treatment images. The volume of interest (VOIs) propagation methods (i.e., rigid and deformable) from pre- to post-TARE imaging might affect the estimation of the mean absorbed dose in the tumor and non-tumoral liver (NTL), i.e., DT and DNTL, respectively. Methods: In 101 consecutive patients, liver and tumor were delineated on pre-TARE images and semi-automatically transferred on 90Y-PET/CT images with a rigid or deformable registration approach. Pre- and post-TARE volumes and DT/DNTL/DL were compared using correlation coefficient (CC) indexes, such as intra-class (ICC), Pearson’s (PCC), concordance (CCCo) and Bland–Altman analyses. The Kaplan–Meier curves of overall survival (OS) were calculated according to DT. Results: All computed CCs indicated very good (>0.92) agreement for volume comparison, while they suggested good (ICC ≥ 0.869, PCC ≥ 0.876 and CCCo ≥ 0.790) and moderate agreement in the intra- and inter-modality DT/DNTL/DL comparisons, respectively. Bland–Altman analyses showed percentage differences between the manual and deformable approaches of up to about −31%, 9% and 62% for tumoral volumes, DT and DNTL, respectively. The overall survival analysis showed statistically significant differences using DT cutoffs of 110, 90 and 85 Gy for the manual, rigid and deformable approaches, respectively. Conclusions: The semi-automatic transfer of VOIs from pre- and post-TARE imaging is feasible, but the selected method might affect prognostic DT/DNTL constraints.

Published
2022
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37. LASSO-Cox Modeling of Survival Using High-Resolution CT-Based Radiomic Features in a Cohort of COVID-19 Patients and Its Generalizability to Standard Image Reconstruction

Author

Giulia Paolani, Lorenzo Spagnoli, Maria Francesca Morrone, Miriam Santoro, Francesca Coppola, Silvia Strolin, Rita Golfieri, and Lidia Strigari

Subjects
CT images, overall survival, radiomic features, LASSO-Cox, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Background: Few studies have focused on predicting the overall survival (OS) of patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 (i.e., COVID-19) using radiomic features (RFs) extracted from computer tomography (CT) images. Reconstruction of CT scans might potentially affect the values of RFs. Methods: Out of 435 patients, 239 had the scans reconstructed with a single modality, and hence, were used for training/testing, and 196 were reconstructed with two modalities were used as validation to evaluate RFs robustness to reconstruction. During training, the dataset was split into train/test using a 70/30 proportion, randomizing the procedure 100 times to obtain 100 different models. In all cases, RFs were normalized using the z-score and then given as input into a Cox proportional-hazards model regularized with the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO-Cox), used for feature selection and developing a robust model. The RFs retained multiple times in the models were also included in a final LASSO-Cox for developing the predictive model. Thus, we conducted sensitivity analysis increasing the number of retained RFs with an occurrence cut-off from 11% to 60%. The Bayesian information criterion (BIC) was used to identify the cut-off to build the optimal model. Results: The best BIC value indicated 45% as the optimal occurrence cut-off, resulting in five RFs used for generating the final LASSO-Cox. All the Kaplan-Meier curves of training and validation datasets were statistically significant in identifying patients with good and poor prognoses, irrespective of CT reconstruction. Conclusions: The final LASSO-Cox model maintained its predictive ability for predicting the OS in COVID-19 patients irrespective of CT reconstruction algorithms.

Published
2022
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38. It Flows Both Ways: Relationships between Families and Educators during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Shana Jackson Haines, Jessica Strolin-Goltzman, Sarah K. Ura, Andrew Conforti, and Abijah Manga

Subjects
teacher well-being, teacher stress, family–school collaboration, families, COVID, Education
Abstract

This is a critical moment of extraordinary rates of teacher burnout exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to implement effective intervention and policy, we must identify the drivers of educators’ stress and factors that may act as protective mechanisms. The complexity of this problem calls for a social–ecological approach. In this study, we investigated the impact of individual, organizational, and relational factors on educators’ pandemic-related stress. Using hierarchical multiple regression, we found that secondary traumatic stress and family, school, student, and community relationships significantly predicted pandemic-related stress after controlling for race, age, and gender. Family, school, and community collaboration is well-documented to benefit students; however, our results suggest that these relationships also benefit teachers, and may have been a protective factor on pandemic-related stress. That is, the positive influence of family, school, and community relationships flows both ways—to students and their families as well as to educators. Our findings highlight the importance of more research on secondary traumatic stress and home–school–community collaborations to mitigate teacher stress and burnout, as well as the implication for practice to increase emphasis on these issues in teacher preparation and ongoing professional development.

Published
2022
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39. Measurement of charm production in neutrino charged-current interactions

Author

Kayis-Topaksu, A., Önengüt, G., van Dantzig, R., de Jong, M., Oldeman, R. G. C., Güler, M., Köse, U., Tolun, P., Catanesi, M. G., Muciaccia, M. T., Winter, K., Van de Vyver, B., Vilain, P., Wilquet, G., Saitta, B., Di Capua, E., Ogawa, S., Shibuya, H., Hristova, I. R., Kawamura, T., Kolev, D., Meinhard, H., Panman, J., Rozanov, A., Tsenov, R., Uiterwijk, J. W. E., Zucchelli, P., Goldberg, J., Chikawa, M., Song, J. S., Yoon, C. S., Kodama, K., Ushida, N., Aoki, S., Hara, T., Delbar, T., Favart, D., Grégoire, G., Kalinin, S., Makhlioueva, I., Artamonov, A., Gorbunov, P., Khovansky, V., Shamanov, V., Tsukerman, I., Bruski, N., Frekers, D., Hoshino, K., Kawada, J., Komatsu, M., Miyanishi, M., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Narita, K., Niu, K., Niwa, K., Nonaka, N., Sato, O., Toshito, T., Buontempo, S., Cocco, A. G., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Rosa, G., Di Capua, F., Fiorillo, G., Marotta, A., Messina, M., Migliozzi, P., Lavina, L. Scotto, Strolin, P., Tioukov, V., Okusawa, T., Dore, U., Loverre, P. F., Ludovici, L., Rosa, G., Santacesaria, R., Satta, A., Spada, F. R., Barbuto, E., Bozza, C., Grella, G., Romano, G., Sirignano, C., Sorrentino, S., Sato, Y., and Tezuka, I.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The nuclear emulsion target of the CHORUS detector was exposed to the wide-band neutrino beam of the CERN SPS of 27 GeV average neutrino energy from 1994 to 1997. In total about 100000 charged-current neutrino interactions with at least one identified muon were located in the emulsion target and fully reconstructed, using newly developed automated scanning systems. Charmed particles were searched for by a program recognizing particle decays. The observation of the decay in nuclear emulsion makes it possible to select a sample with very low background and minimal kinematical bias. 2013 charged-current interactions with a charmed hadron candidate in the final state were selected and confirmed through visual inspection. The charm production rate induced by neutrinos relative to the charged-current cross-section is measured to be sigma(nu_mu N -> mu- C X)/sigma(CC) = (5.75 +-0.32 stat +-0.30 syst)%. The charm production cross-section as a function of the neutrino energy is also obtained. The results are in good agreement with previous measurements. The charm-quark hadronization produces the following charmed hadrons with relative fractions (in %): f_Dzero = 43.7+-4.5, f_Lambda_c^plus = 19.2+-4.2, f_Dplus = 25.3+-4.2, and f_D_splus = 11.8+-4.7., Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures

Published
2011
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40. Measurement of the atmospheric muon charge ratio with the OPERA detector

Author

OPERA Collaboration, Agafonova, N., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Autiero, D., Badertscher, A., Bagulya, A., Bertolin, A., Besnier, M., Bick, D., Boyarkin, V., Bozza, C., Brugière, T., Brugnera, R., Brunetti, G., Buontempo, S., Cazes, A., Chaussard, L., Chernyavsky, M., Chiarella, V., Chon-Sen, N., Chukanov, A., Cozzi, M., D'Amato, G., Corso, F. Dal, D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., D'eclais, Y., De Serio, M., Di Capua, F., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Giovanni, A., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievski, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Ebert, J., Egorov, O., Enikeev, R., Ereditato, A., Esposito, L. S., Favier, J., Felici, G., Ferber, T., Fini, R., Frekers, D., Fukuda, T., Fukushima, C., Galkin, V. I., Garfagnini, A., Giacomelli, G., Giorgini, M., Goellnitz, C., Goldberg, J., Golubkov, D., Goncharova, L., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Grianti, F., Guler, M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hamada, K., Hara, T., Hierholzer, M., Hoshino, K., Ieva, M., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Juget, F., Kazuyama, M., Kim, S. H., Kimura, M., Klicek, B., Knuesel, J., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Kubota, H., Lazzaro, C., Lenkeit, J., Ljubicic, A., Longhin, A., Lutter, G., Malgin, A., Mandrioli, G., Marotta, A., Marteau, J., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meisel, F., Meregaglia, A., Migliozzi, P., Mikado, S., Miyamoto, S., Monacelli, P., Morishima, K., Moser, U., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Naumov, D., Nikitina, V., Niwa, K., Nonoyama, Y., Ogawa, S., Olchevski, A., Oldorf, C., Orlova, G., Osedlo, V., Paniccia, M., Paoloni, A., Park, B. D., Park, I. G., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pennacchio, E., Pessard, H., Pilipenko, V., Pistillo, C., Policastro, G., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pretzl, K., Publichenko, P., Pupilli, F., Rescigno, R., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Romano, G., Rosa, G., Rostovtseva, I., Rubbia, A., Russo, A., Ryasny, V., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Sato, Y., Schembri, A., Parzefall, W. Schmidt, Schroeder, H., Lavina, L. Scotto, Sheshukov, A., Shibuya, H., Simone, S., Sioli, M., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Song, J. S., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stipcevic, M., Strauss, T., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tezuka, I., Tioukov, V., Tolun, P., Tran, T., Tufanli, S., Vilain, P., Vladimirov, M., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., Wonsak, B., Yakushev, V., Yoon, C. S., Yoshioka, T., Yoshida, J., Zaitsev, Y., Zemskova, S., Zghiche, A., and Zimmermann, R.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The OPERA detector at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory (LNGS) was used to measure the atmospheric muon charge ratio in the TeV energy region. We analyzed 403069 atmospheric muons corresponding to 113.4 days of livetime during the 2008 CNGS run. We computed separately the muon charge ratio for single and for multiple muon events in order to select different energy regions of the primary cosmic ray spectrum and to test the charge ratio dependence on the primary composition. The measured charge ratio values were corrected taking into account the charge-misidentification errors. Data have also been grouped in five bins of the "vertical surface energy". A fit to a simplified model of muon production in the atmosphere allowed the determination of the pion and kaon charge ratios weighted by the cosmic ray energy spectrum., Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures

Published
2010

41. Sensitivity on Earth Core and Mantle densities using Atmospheric Neutrinos

Author

Borriello, E., Mangano, G., Marotta, A., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Moura, C. A., Pastor, S., Pisanti, O., and Strolin, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Neutrino radiography may provide an alternative tool to study the very deep structures of the Earth. Though these measurements are unable to resolve the fine density layer features, nevertheless the information which can be obtained are independent and complementary to the more conventional seismic studies. The aim of this paper is to assess how well the core and mantle averaged densities can be reconstructed through atmospheric neutrino radiography. We find that about a 2% sensitivity for the mantle and 5% for the core could be achieved for a ten year data taking at an underwater km^3 Neutrino Telescope. This result does not take into account systematics related to the details of the experimental apparatus., Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in JCAP

Published
2009
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42. Detectors and flux instrumentation for future neutrino facilities

Author

Abe, T., Aihara, H., Andreopoulos, C., Ankowski, A., Badertscher, A., Battistoni, G., Blondel, A., Bouchez, J., Bross, A., Bueno, A., Camilleri, L., Campagne, J. E., Cazes, A., Cervera-Villanueva, A., De Lellis, G., Di Capua, F., Ellis, M., Ereditato, A., Esposito, L. S., Fukushima, C., Gschwendtner, E., Gomez-Cadenas, J. J., Iwasaki, M., Kaneyuki, K., Karadzhov, Y., Kashikhin, V., Kawai, Y., Komatsu, M., Kozlovskaya, E., Kudenko, Y., Kusaka, A., Kyushima, H., Longhin, A., Marchionni, A., Marotta, A., McGrew, C., Menary, S., Meregaglia, A., Mezzeto, M., Migliozzi, P., Mondal, N. K., Montanari, C., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, M., Nakumo, H., Nakayama, H., Nelson, J., Nowak, J., Ogawa, S., Peltoniemi, J., Pla-Dalmau, A., Ragazzi, S., Rubbia, A., Sanchez, F., Sarkamo, J., Sato, O., Selvi, M., Shibuya, H., Shozawa, M., Sobczyk, J., Soler, F. J. P., Strolin, P., Suyama, M., Tanak, M., Terranova, F., Tsenov, R., Uchida, Y., Weber, A., and Zlobin, A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This report summarises the conclusions from the detector group of the International Scoping Study of a future Neutrino Factory and Super-Beam neutrino facility. The baseline detector options for each possible neutrino beam are defined as follows: 1. A very massive (Megaton) water Cherenkov detector is the baseline option for a sub-GeV Beta Beam and Super Beam facility. 2. There are a number of possibilities for either a Beta Beam or Super Beam (SB) medium energy facility between 1-5 GeV. These include a totally active scintillating detector (TASD), a liquid argon TPC or a water Cherenkov detector. 3. A 100 kton magnetized iron neutrino detector (MIND) is the baseline to detect the wrong sign muon final states (golden channel) at a high energy (20-50 GeV) neutrino factory from muon decay. A 10 kton hybrid neutrino magnetic emulsion cloud chamber detector for wrong sign tau detection (silver channel) is a possible complement to MIND, if one needs to resolve degeneracies that appear in the $\delta$-$\theta_{13}$ parameter space., Comment: Detector report of the International Scoping Study of a future Neutrino Factory and Super-Beam facility, 86 pages, 49 figures

Published
2007
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43. Track reconstruction in the emulsion-lead target of the OPERA experiment using the ESS microscope

Author

Arrabito, L., Bozza, C., Buontempo, S., Consiglio, L., Cozzi, M., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Di Capua, F., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Ereditato, A., Esposito, L. S., Fini, R. A., Giacomelli, G., Giorgini, M., Grella, G., Ieva, M., Csathy, J. Janicsko, Juget, F., Kreslo, I., Laktineh, I., Manai, K., Mandrioli, G., Marotta, A., Migliozzi, P., Monacelli, P., Moser, U., Muciaccia, M. T., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Petukhov, Y., Pistillo, C., Pozzato, M., Romano, G., Rosa, G., Russo, A., Savvinov, N., Schembri, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Simone, S., Sioli, M., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Strolin, P., Tioukov, V., and Waelchli, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The OPERA experiment, designed to conclusively prove the existence of $\rm \nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau$ oscillations in the atmospheric sector, makes use of a massive lead-nuclear emulsion target to observe the appearance of $\rm \nu_\tau$'s in the CNGS $\rm \nu_\mu$ beam. The location and analysis of the neutrino interactions in quasi real-time required the development of fast computer-controlled microscopes able to reconstruct particle tracks with sub-micron precision and high efficiency at a speed of 20 cm^2 / h. This paper describes the performance in particle track reconstruction of the European Scanning System, a novel automatic microscope for the measurement of emulsion films developed for OPERA., Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures

Published
2007
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44. Emulsion Cloud Chamber technique to measure the fragmentation of a high-energy carbon beam

Author

De Lellis, G., Buontempo, S., Di Capua, F., Marotta, A., Migliozzi, P., Petukhov, Y., Pistillo, C., Russo, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Strolin, P., Tioukov, V., Ariga, A., Naganawa, N., Toshito, T., Furusawa, Y., and Yasuda, N.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Beams of Carbon nuclei are used or planned to be used in various centers for cancer treatment around the world because of their therapeutic advantages over proton beams. The knowledge of the fragmentation of Carbon nuclei when they interact with the human body is important to evaluate the spatial profile of their energy deposition in the tissues, hence the damage to the tissues neighboring the tumor. In this respect, the identification of the fragmentation products is a key element. We present in this paper the charge measurement of about 3000 fragments produced by the interaction of $^{12}$C nuclei with an energy of 400 MeV/nucleon in a detector simulating the density of the human body. The nuclear emulsion technique is used, by means of the so-called Emulsion Cloud Chamber. In order to achieve the large dynamical range required for the charge measurement, the recently developed techniques of the emulsion controlled fading are used. The nuclear emulsions are inspected using fast automated microscopes recently developed. A charge assignment efficiency of more than 99% is achieved. The separation of Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Berillium, Boron and Carbon can be achieved at two standard deviations or considerably more, according to the track length available for the measurement., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures

Published
2007
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45. Electron/pion separation with an Emulsion Cloud Chamber by using a Neural Network

Author

Arrabito, L., Autiero, D., Bozza, C., Buontempo, S., Caffari, Y., Consiglio, L., Cozzi, M., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Di Capua, F., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Ereditato, A., Esposito, L. S., Gagnebin, S., Giacomelli, G., Giorgini, M., Grella, G., Hauger, M., Ieva, M., Csathy, J. Janicsko, Juget, F., Kreslo, I., Laktineh, I., Longhin, A., Mandrioli, G., Marotta, A., Marteau, J., Migliozzi, P., Monacelli, P., Moser, U., Muciaccia, M. T., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pistillo, C., Pozzato, M., Romano, G., Rosa, G., Russo, A., Savvinov, N., Schembri, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Simone, S., Sioli, M., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Strolin, P., and Tioukov, V.

Subjects
Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

We have studied the performance of a new algorithm for electron/pion separation in an Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC) made of lead and nuclear emulsion films. The software for separation consists of two parts: a shower reconstruction algorithm and a Neural Network that assigns to each reconstructed shower the probability to be an electron or a pion. The performance has been studied for the ECC of the OPERA experiment [1]. The $e/\pi$ separation algorithm has been optimized by using a detailed Monte Carlo simulation of the ECC and tested on real data taken at CERN (pion beams) and at DESY (electron beams). The algorithm allows to achieve a 90% electron identification efficiency with a pion misidentification smaller than 1% for energies higher than 2 GeV.

Published
2007
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46. Future neutrino oscillation facilities

Author

Blondel, A., Cervera-Villanueva, A., Donini, A., Huber, P., Mezzetto, M., and Strolin, P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The recent discovery that neutrinos have masses opens a wide new field of experimentation. Accelerator-made neutrinos are essential in this program. Ideas for future facilities include high intensity muon neutrino beams from pion decay (`SuperBeam'), electron neutrino beams from nuclei decays (`Beta Beam'), or muon and electron neutrino beams from muon decay (`Neutrino Factory'), each associated with one or several options for detector systems. Each option offers synergetic possibilities, e.g. some of the detectors can be used for proton decay searches, while the Neutrino Factory is a first step towards muon colliders. A summary of the perceived virtues and shortcomings of the various options, and a number of open questions are presented., Comment: Originally written for the CERN Strategy Group

Published
2006

47. Hardware performance of a scanning system for high speed analysis of nuclear emulsions

Author

Arrabito, L., Barbuto, E., Bozza, C., Buontempo, S., Consiglio, L., Coppola, D., Cozzi, M., Damet, J., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Di Capua, F., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Esposito, L. S., Giacomelli, G., Grella, G., Hauger, M., Juget, F., Kreslo, I., Giorgini, M., Ieva, M., Laktineh, I., Manai, K., Mandrioli, G., Marotta, A., Manzoor, S., Migliozzi, P., Monacelli, P., Muciaccia, M. T., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pistillo, C., Pozzato, M., Royole-Degieux, P., Romano, G., Rosa, G., Savvinov, N., Schembri, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Simone, S., Sioli, M., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Sorrentino, G., Strolin, P., Tioukov, V., and Waelchli, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The use of nuclear emulsions in very large physics experiments is now possible thanks to the recent improvements in the industrial production of emulsions and to the development of fast automated microscopes. In this paper the hardware performances of the European Scanning System (ESS) are described. The ESS is a very fast automatic system developed for the mass scanning of the emulsions of the OPERA experiment, which requires microscopes with scanning speeds of about 20 cm^2/h in an emulsion volume of 44 micron thickness., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, Accepted by Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A

Published
2006
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49. Prediction of Overall Survival in Cervical Cancer Patients Using PET/CT Radiomic Features

Author

Gianluca Carlini, Nico Curti, Silvia Strolin, Enrico Giampieri, Claudia Sala, Daniele Dall’Olio, Alessandra Merlotti, Stefano Fanti, Daniel Remondini, Cristina Nanni, Lidia Strigari, and Gastone Castellani

Subjects
cervical cancer, survival analysis, radiomics, PET, CT, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Background: Radiomics is a field of research medicine and data science in which quantitative imaging features are extracted from medical images and successively analyzed to develop models for providing diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive information. The purpose of this work was to develop a machine learning model to predict the survival probability of 85 cervical cancer patients using PET and CT radiomic features as predictors. Methods: Initially, the patients were divided into two mutually exclusive sets: a training set containing 80% of the data and a testing set containing the remaining 20%. The entire analysis was separately conducted for CT and PET features. Genetic algorithms and LASSO regression were used to perform feature selection on the initial PET and CT feature sets. Two different survival models were employed: the Cox proportional hazard model and random survival forest. The Cox model was built using the subset of features obtained with the feature selection process, while all the available features were used for the random survival forest model. The models were trained on the training set; cross-validation was used to fine-tune the models and to obtain a preliminary measurement of the performance. The models were then validated on the test set, using the concordance index as the metric. In addition, alternative versions of the models were developed using tumor recurrence as an adjunct feature to evaluate its impact on predictive performance. Finally, the selected CT and PET features were combined to build a further Cox model. Results: The genetic algorithm was superior to the LASSO regression for feature selection. The best performing model was the Cox model, which was built using the selected CT features; it achieved a concordance index score of 0.707. With the addition of tumor recurrence as a predictive feature, the Cox CT model reached a concordance index score of 0.776. PET features, however, proved to be inadequate for survival prediction. The CT model performed better than the model with combined PET and CT features. Conclusions: The results showed that radiomic features can be used to successfully predict survival probability in cervical cancer patients. In particular, CT radiomic features proved to be better predictors than PET radiomic features in this specific case.

Published
2022
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50. Heavy quark studies with nuclear emulsions

Author

De Lellis, G., Migliozzi, P., and Strolin, P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Emulsions have started particle physics with the discovery of natural radioactivity by Becquerel in 1896. The development of the ``nuclear emulsions'' made it possible to detect tracks of single particle and to perform detailed measurements of their interactions. The discovery of the pion in 1947 was the first, spectacular demonstration of their unique features for the direct observation of the production and decay of short-lived particles, with negligible or very low background. In particular, these features are now exploited for studies of heavy quark physics in experiments where nuclear emulsions are combined with electronic detectors and profit is taken of the remarkable technological progress in automated analysis. In these experiments, neutrinos provide a selective probe for specific quark flavors. Interesting results on charm production and decay are expected in the very near future., Comment: To be published on the book for the eightieth birthday of Roberto Salmeron, World Scientific

Published
2003

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