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4 results on '"P. Balachandiran"'

1. Climate variability and evolution of the Indus civilization

Author

Som Dutt, Manjeet Singh, P. Balachandiran, Anil K. Gupta, Sonu Jaglan, Amar Singh, and Ponnusamy Saravanan

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Civilization, South asia, geography.geographical_feature_category, Indus, media_common.quotation_subject, Climate change, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geography, Indian summer monsoon, Economy, Human settlement, Urbanization, Tributary, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, media_common
Abstract

Climate variability has played a vital role in the expansion and collapse of human civilizations across the World since ancient times. The Indus Civilization in South Asia has been the focus of investigations to archaeologists, historians, and anthropologists. But little attention was paid earlier to the role of climate variability in shaping the course of this well-established urban civilization. In this paper, we have presented a review of literature to understand various factors that affected the evolution of this cultural enigma. We suggest that the climate change in the region was a major controlling factor in determining the fate of Indus civilization settlements. The transformation of hunter-gatherers into pastoral community between 7000 and 3200 B.C.E., the establishment of village habitations along the Indus River and its tributaries in the Early Harappan phase, urbanization and shifting towards Ghaggar-Hakra rivers in the Mature Harappan phase, and final displacement towards Ganga-Yamuna doab (interfluve) region as village culture were largely modulated by the changing strength of the Indian summer monsoon and amount of precipitation in the region.

Published
2019
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2. Climate variability and evolution of the Indus civilization

Author

S. Dutt, A.K. Gupta, M. Singh, S. Jaglan, P. Saravanan, P. Balachandiran, A. Singh, S. Dutt, A.K. Gupta, M. Singh, S. Jaglan, P. Saravanan, P. Balachandiran, and A. Singh

Abstract

Climate variability has played a vital role in the expansion and collapse of human civilizations across the World since ancient times. The Indus Civilization in South Asia has been the focus of investigations to archaeologists, historians, and anthropologists. But little attention was paid earlier to the role of climate variability in shaping the course of this well-established urban civilization. In this paper, we have presented a review of literature to understand various factors that affected the evolution of this cultural enigma. We suggest that the climate change in the region was a major controlling factor in determining the fate of Indus civilization settlements. The transformation of hunter-gatherers into pastoral community between 7000 and 3200 B.C.E., the establishment of village habitations along the Indus River and its tributaries in the Early Harappan phase, urbanization and shifting towards Ghaggar-Hakra rivers in the Mature Harappan phase, and final displacement towards Ganga-Yamuna doab (interfluve) region as village culture were largely modulated by the changing strength of the Indian summer monsoon and amount of precipitation in the region.

Published
2019

3. Giving travel advice in the uncertain age of COVID-19

Author

Spinks, Jacqueline, Balachandiran, Kirishanthy, Birdseye, James, Barker-Burnside, Ceri, Cumiskey, Kerry, Olufon, Oluwakemi, Sanchez, Adrian, Staines, Robert, Wedgwood, Kate, and Beckett, Gail

Abstract

As restrictions ease and more people holiday overseas, the importance of providing accurate travel health advice increases. Jacqueline Spinksand colleagues provide an overview of current guidanceThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic drop in people travelling to other countries for pleasure; however, now that restrictions across the UK are easing, more people are seeking a break and a long-awaited holiday overseas. Practice nurses are uniquely placed to provide travel advice not just in relation to COVID-19 requirements and restrictions, but also to remind travellers of the importance of being prepared for all other communicable diseases and travel-related hazards. This article aims to provide a summary of the latest and up to date information in England (links to guidance covering the Devolved Administrations of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are found in Box 1) and covers a summary of COVID-19, current guidance on travel during the pandemic, information about pre-planning for overseas travel, return from travel and information about being identified as a contact during travel, general travel advice; and ends with links to the most relevant guidance and information available.

Published
2021
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4. Decreased maternal serum adiponectin and increased insulin-like growth factor-1 levels along with increased placental glucose transporter-1 expression in gestational diabetes mellitus: Possible role in fetal overgrowth.

Author

Balachandiran, Manoharan, Bobby, Zachariah, Dorairajan, Gowri, Gladwin, Victorraj, Vinayagam, Vickneshwaran, and Packirisamy, Rajaa Muthu

Subjects
SOMATOMEDIN, FETAL macrosomia, RESEARCH, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL cooperation, EVALUATION research, INSULIN, CELLULAR signal transduction, COMPARATIVE studies, ADIPONECTIN, PLACENTA, GESTATIONAL diabetes
Abstract

Introduction: The placental glucose transporter - 1 (GLUT-1) is involved in the transplacental glucose transport to the fetus. GLUT-1 expressions are increased in diabetic pregnancies and associated with altered fetal growth. However, the factors regulating the GLUT-1 expressions are largely unknown. We hypothesised that maternal adipokines and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) modulate the placental expressions of GLUT-1 through the activation of insulin/IGF-1 signalling which may contribute to a fetal overgrowth in GDM.Methods: Maternal blood, cord blood and placental samples were collected from GDM and control pregnant women (CPW). The biochemical parameters, IGF1, adipokines, and high sensitive C- reactive protein were measured. We analysed the placental expressions of GLUT-1 and proteins related to insulin/IGF-1 signalling - insulin receptor -β, insulin receptor substrate - 1, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase p110α, phospho Akt-1, phospho extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and nuclear factor-κB p65 in GDM and CPW.Results: Increased maternal IGF-1 and decreased adiponectin levels were found in the GDM women. Maternal IGF-1 levels were positively correlated, whereas adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with the birth weight of GDM newborns. Increased phosphorylation of Akt and ERK 1/2 was found in the placenta of GDM women. Placental expressions of GLUT-1 were significantly higher in the GDM women and positively correlated to the maternal IGF-1 levels in the GDM group.Discussion: Decreased maternal adiponectin and increased IGF-1 levels might have caused increased GLUT-1 expression via the increased activation of insulin/IGF-1 signalling in the placenta of GDM women which might have influenced the fetal growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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