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365 results on '"P. Havlík"'

1. Design of Unitless Normalized Measure of Nonlinearity for State Estimation

Author

Straka, Ondřej and Havlík, Jindřich

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

The paper deals with measures of nonlinearity. In state estimation, they are utilized i) to select a suitable state estimation algorithm by assessing the nonlinearity of a system model, ii) to adapt the estimation algorithm structure or parameters, or iii) to indicate the possible effect of strong nonlinearity that leads to estimate credibility loss. This paper summarizes the state of the art of nonlinearity measures, focusing on the mean-square-error-based measure of nonlinearity. Its weak point related to unit selection is illustrated, and based on this, requirements for a new measure of nonlinearity are formulated. A new nonlinearity measure that is both unitless and normalized is designed. Its properties are demonstrated using numerical tracking experiments., Comment: Accepted at FUSION 2024 conference

Published
2024
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4. A protocol for an intercomparison of biodiversity and ecosystem services models using harmonized land-use and climate scenarios

Author

H. Kim, I. M. D. Rosa, R. Alkemade, P. Leadley, G. Hurtt, A. Popp, D. P. van Vuuren, P. Anthoni, A. Arneth, D. Baisero, E. Caton, R. Chaplin-Kramer, L. Chini, A. De Palma, F. Di Fulvio, M. Di Marco, F. Espinoza, S. Ferrier, S. Fujimori, R. E. Gonzalez, M. Gueguen, C. Guerra, M. Harfoot, T. D. Harwood, T. Hasegawa, V. Haverd, P. Havlík, S. Hellweg, S. L. L. Hill, A. Hirata, A. J. Hoskins, J. H. Janse, W. Jetz, J. A. Johnson, A. Krause, D. Leclère, I. S. Martins, T. Matsui, C. Merow, M. Obersteiner, H. Ohashi, B. Poulter, A. Purvis, B. Quesada, C. Rondinini, A. M. Schipper, R. Sharp, K. Takahashi, W. Thuiller, N. Titeux, P. Visconti, C. Ware, F. Wolf, and H. M. Pereira

Subjects
Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

To support the assessments of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), the IPBES Expert Group on Scenarios and Models is carrying out an intercomparison of biodiversity and ecosystem services models using harmonized scenarios (BES-SIM). The goals of BES-SIM are (1) to project the global impacts of land-use and climate change on biodiversity and ecosystem services (i.e., nature's contributions to people) over the coming decades, compared to the 20th century, using a set of common metrics at multiple scales, and (2) to identify model uncertainties and research gaps through the comparisons of projected biodiversity and ecosystem services across models. BES-SIM uses three scenarios combining specific Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) – SSP1xRCP2.6, SSP3xRCP6.0, SSP5xRCP8.6 – to explore a wide range of land-use change and climate change futures. This paper describes the rationale for scenario selection, the process of harmonizing input data for land use, based on the second phase of the Land Use Harmonization Project (LUH2), and climate, the biodiversity and ecosystem services models used, the core simulations carried out, the harmonization of the model output metrics, and the treatment of uncertainty. The results of this collaborative modeling project will support the ongoing global assessment of IPBES, strengthen ties between IPBES and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios and modeling processes, advise the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) on its development of a post-2020 strategic plans and conservation goals, and inform the development of a new generation of nature-centred scenarios.

Published
2018
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5. Common errors in Generative AI systems used for knowledge extraction in the climate action domain

Author

Havlik, Denis and Pias, Marcelo

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) and, more specifically, the Generative Pre-Trained Transformers (GPT) can help stakeholders in climate action explore digital knowledge bases and extract and utilize climate action knowledge in a sustainable manner. However, LLMs are "probabilistic models of knowledge bases" that excel at generating convincing texts but cannot be entirely relied upon due to the probabilistic nature of the information produced. This brief report illustrates the problem space with examples of LLM responses to some of the questions of relevance to climate action.

Published
2024

9. Meaning and understanding in large language models

Author

Havlík, Vladimír

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

Can a machine understand the meanings of natural language? Recent developments in the generative large language models (LLMs) of artificial intelligence have led to the belief that traditional philosophical assumptions about machine understanding of language need to be revised. This article critically evaluates the prevailing tendency to regard machine language performance as mere syntactic manipulation and the simulation of understanding, which is only partial and very shallow, without sufficient referential grounding in the world. The aim is to highlight the conditions crucial to attributing natural language understanding to state-of-the-art LLMs, where it can be legitimately argued that LLMs not only use syntax but also semantics, their understanding not being simulated but duplicated; and determine how they ground the meanings of linguistic expressions., Comment: 20 pages

Published
2023

13. Mathematical programming models for agri-environmental policy analysis: A case study from the White Carpathians

Author

P. Havlík, F. Jacquet, J.M. Boisson, S. Hejduk, and P. Veselý

Subjects
mathematical programming, jointness, agricultural policy, biodiversity, suckler cows, Agriculture
Abstract

BEGRAB_PRO.1 - a mathematical programming model for BEef and GRAssland Biodiversity PRoduction Optimisation - elaborated for analysis of organic suckler cow farms in the Protected Landscape Area White Carpathians, the Czech Republic, is presented and applied to the analysis of jointness between several environmental goods. In this way, the paper complements recent studies on jointness between commodities and non-commodities. If these goods are joint in production, agri-environmental payments must be carefully designed because they do not influence only production of the environmental good they are intended for but also the production of other environmental goods. If jointness is negative, any increase in the payment for an environmental good leads to a decrease in production of other environmental goods.

Published
2006
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24. Quantification of global and national nitrogen budgets for crop production

Author

Zhang, Xin, Zou, Tan, Lassaletta, Luis, Mueller, Nathaniel D., Tubiello, Francesco N., Lisk, Matthew D., Lu, Chaoqun, Conant, Richard T., Dorich, Christopher D., Gerber, James, Tian, Hanqin, Bruulsema, Tom, Maaz, Tai McClellan, Nishina, Kazuya, Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon, Popp, Alexander, Bouwman, Lex, Beusen, Arthur, Chang, Jinfeng, Havlík, Petr, Leclère, David, Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Heffer, Patrick, Wanner, Nathan, Zhang, Weifeng, and Davidson, Eric A.

Published
2021
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25. Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy

Author

Leclère, David, Obersteiner, Michael, Barrett, Mike, Butchart, Stuart H. M., Chaudhary, Abhishek, De Palma, Adriana, DeClerck, Fabrice A. J., Di Marco, Moreno, Doelman, Jonathan C., Dürauer, Martina, Freeman, Robin, Harfoot, Michael, Hasegawa, Tomoko, Hellweg, Stefanie, Hilbers, Jelle P., Hill, Samantha L. L., Humpenöder, Florian, Jennings, Nancy, Krisztin, Tamás, Mace, Georgina M., Ohashi, Haruka, Popp, Alexander, Purvis, Andy, Schipper, Aafke M., Tabeau, Andrzej, Valin, Hugo, van Meijl, Hans, van Zeist, Willem-Jan, Visconti, Piero, Alkemade, Rob, Almond, Rosamunde, Bunting, Gill, Burgess, Neil D., Cornell, Sarah E., Di Fulvio, Fulvio, Ferrier, Simon, Fritz, Steffen, Fujimori, Shinichiro, Grooten, Monique, Harwood, Thomas, Havlík, Petr, Herrero, Mario, Hoskins, Andrew J., Jung, Martin, Kram, Tom, Lotze-Campen, Hermann, Matsui, Tetsuya, Meyer, Carsten, Nel, Deon, Newbold, Tim, Schmidt-Traub, Guido, Stehfest, Elke, Strassburg, Bernardo B. N., van Vuuren, Detlef P., Ware, Chris, Watson, James E. M., Wu, Wenchao, and Young, Lucy

Published
2020
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29. Multi-Robot Organisms: State of the Art

Author

Kernbach, Serge, Scholz, Oliver, Harada, Kanako, Popesku, Sergej, Liedke, Jens, Raja, Humza, Liu, Wenguo, Caparrelli, Fabio, Jemai, Jaouhar, Havlik, Jiri, Meister, Eugen, and Levi, Paul

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics, Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing, Computer Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

This paper represents the state of the art development on the field of artificial multi-robot organisms. It briefly considers mechatronic development, sensor and computational equipment, software framework and introduces one of the Grand Challenges for swarm and reconfigurable robotics.

Published
2011

30. Return of Illiberalism: The Results of the 2023 General Election in Slovakia.

Author

Havlík, Vlastimil, Lysek, Jakub, Spáč, Peter, and Zvada, Ľubomír

Abstract

After a general overview of the context of the 2023 general election in Slovakia, the article provides a detailed analysis of the electoral results and support for political parties. Using both aggregate and individual level data, we show that the results were influenced by a combination of long-term features defining electoral support and voting behaviour in Slovakia and a more recent trend including weaker ideological attachment and the increased importance of leadership personality for political party preference. Also, it seems that the illiberal mobilization may be traced in the dynamic of electoral shifts in the context of different behaviour of various societal groups. Moreover, the return of illiberal actors to power in Slovakia seems to have been characterized by a surge of votes for conservative or populist left-wing forces in the larger Slovak cities. Although this is not reflected in the turnout, at the individual level we can assume that liberal voters turned out in smaller numbers, while Smer voters may have been more mobilized, or some voters may have switched from other populist parties such as OĽaNO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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34. Contribution of the land sector to a 1.5 °C world

Author

Roe, Stephanie, Streck, Charlotte, Obersteiner, Michael, Frank, Stefan, Griscom, Bronson, Drouet, Laurent, Fricko, Oliver, Gusti, Mykola, Harris, Nancy, Hasegawa, Tomoko, Hausfather, Zeke, Havlík, Petr, House, Jo, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Popp, Alexander, Sánchez, María José Sanz, Sanderman, Jonathan, Smith, Pete, Stehfest, Elke, and Lawrence, Deborah

Published
2019
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37. Risk of increased food insecurity under stringent global climate change mitigation policy

Author

Hasegawa, Tomoko, Fujimori, Shinichiro, Havlík, Petr, Valin, Hugo, Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon, Doelman, Jonathan C., Fellmann, Thomas, Kyle, Page, Koopman, Jason F. L., Lotze-Campen, Hermann, Mason-D’Croz, Daniel, Ochi, Yuki, Pérez Domínguez, Ignacio, Stehfest, Elke, Sulser, Timothy B., Tabeau, Andrzej, Takahashi, Kiyoshi, Takakura, Jun’ya, van Meijl, Hans, van Zeist, Willem-Jan, Wiebe, Keith, and Witzke, Peter

Published
2018
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38. Residual fossil CO2 emissions in 1.5–2 °C pathways

Author

Luderer, Gunnar, Vrontisi, Zoi, Bertram, Christoph, Edelenbosch, Oreane Y., Pietzcker, Robert C., Rogelj, Joeri, De Boer, Harmen Sytze, Drouet, Laurent, Emmerling, Johannes, Fricko, Oliver, Fujimori, Shinichiro, Havlík, Petr, Iyer, Gokul, Keramidas, Kimon, Kitous, Alban, Pehl, Michaja, Krey, Volker, Riahi, Keywan, Saveyn, Bert, Tavoni, Massimo, Van Vuuren, Detlef P., and Kriegler, Elmar

Published
2018
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39. A low energy demand scenario for meeting the 1.5 °C target and sustainable development goals without negative emission technologies

Author

Grubler, Arnulf, Wilson, Charlie, Bento, Nuno, Boza-Kiss, Benigna, Krey, Volker, McCollum, David L., Rao, Narasimha D., Riahi, Keywan, Rogelj, Joeri, De Stercke, Simon, Cullen, Jonathan, Frank, Stefan, Fricko, Oliver, Guo, Fei, Gidden, Matt, Havlík, Petr, Huppmann, Daniel, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Rafaj, Peter, Schoepp, Wolfgang, and Valin, Hugo

Published
2018
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40. Scenarios towards limiting global mean temperature increase below 1.5 °C

Author

Rogelj, Joeri, Popp, Alexander, Calvin, Katherine V., Luderer, Gunnar, Emmerling, Johannes, Gernaat, David, Fujimori, Shinichiro, Strefler, Jessica, Hasegawa, Tomoko, Marangoni, Giacomo, Krey, Volker, Kriegler, Elmar, Riahi, Keywan, van Vuuren, Detlef P., Doelman, Jonathan, Drouet, Laurent, Edmonds, Jae, Fricko, Oliver, Harmsen, Mathijs, Havlík, Petr, Humpenöder, Florian, Stehfest, Elke, and Tavoni, Massimo

Published
2018
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41. Reply to: An appeal to cost undermines food security risks of delayed mitigation

Author

Hasegawa, Tomoko, Fujimori, Shinichiro, Havlík, Petr, Valin, Hugo, Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon, Doelman, Jonathan C., Fellmann, Thomas, Kyle, Page, Koopman, Jason F. L., Lotze-Campen, Hermann, Mason-D’Croz, Daniel, Müller, Christoph, Ochi, Yuki, Pérez Domínguez, Ignacio, Stehfest, Elke, Sulser, Timothy B., Tabeau, Andrzej, Takahashi, Kiyoshi, Takakura, Jun’ya, van Meijl, Hans, van Zeist, Willem-Jan, Wiebe, Keith, and Witzke, Peter

Published
2020
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42. Unleashing the Beast: Exploring Incivility and Intolerance in Facebook Comments Under Populist and Non-populist Politicians’ Social Media Posts About Migration

Author

Kluknavská, Alena, Havlík, Vlastimil, and Hanzelka, Jan

Abstract

Social networking sites allow politicians to reach followers directly and offer citizens platforms to express their opinions. However, online discussions often lack civility, leading to increased polarization. Although existing research has brought important insights into populist effects on political trust, attitudes, or electoral behavior, we know less about how populism’s use of divisive rhetoric and identity-based appeals contribute to the confrontational responses of social media users. To address this gap, we investigate the relationship between the use of populist communication in migration-related social media posts by populist and non-populist political actors and the use of uncivil and intolerant rhetoric by social media users. Focusing on the case of the Czech Republic between 2013 and 2020, we conducted a quantitative content analysis of Facebook posts about the contentious issue of migration created by political parties and comments under those posts published by social media users. Our results indicate that while different elements of populist communication bring mixed results to the responses in online discussions, the social media posts created by populist political parties are positively associated with increased online incivility and intolerance. These findings have significant implications for understanding the potential influence of populist messages on social media and its consequences for democratic societies, highlighting their relevance in addressing and mitigating crises beyond the migration crisis, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and other emergencies.

Published
2024
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43. Eurosceptic narratives in the age of COVID-19: the Central European states in focus

Author

Hloušek, Vít and Havlík, Vratislav

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis text examines the impact of the coronavirus crisis on the Eurosceptic narratives of Central European leaders. By conducting a narrative analysis of statements made by the Visegrád Four government leaders, the text concludes that the individual leaders were for the most part unable to create new Eurosceptic narratives due to the specific nature of the coronavirus issue. Except for Slovakia, the leaders built on existing narratives from the polycrisis period and subsequently thematically linked these to the new crisis. Viktor Orbán was proficient in consolidating most of the previous Eurosceptic narratives of various thematic provenances within his coronavirus rhetoric.

Published
2024
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47. Chelators as Antineuroblastomas Agents.

Author

D'ACUNTO, Cosimo Walter, GBELCOVÁ, Helena, KAPLÁNEK, Robert, POSPÍŠILOVÁ, Monika, HAVLÍK, Martin, and RUML, Tomáš

Subjects
IRON chelates, CANCER, WAVE amplification, CELL cycle, PHTHALAZINE
Abstract

Neuroblastoma represents 8-10 % of all malignant tumors childhood and is responsible for 15 % of cancer deaths in the pediatric population. Aggressive neuroblastomas are often resistant to chemotherapy. Canonically, neuroblastomas can be classified according to the MYCN (N-myc proto-oncogene protein) gene amplification, a common marker of tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis. It has been found that certain compounds with chelating properties may show anticancer activity, but there is little evidence for the effect of chelators on neuroblastoma. The effect of new chelators characterized by the same functional group, designated as HLZ (1-hydrazino phthalazine), on proliferation (WST-1 and methylene blue assay), cell cycle (flow cytometry), apoptosis (proliferation assay after use of specific pharmacological inhibitors and western blot analysis) and ROS production (fluorometric assay based on dichlorofluorescein diacetate metabolism) was studied in three neuroblastoma cell lines with different levels of MYCN amplification. The molecules were effective only on MYCN-non-amplified cells in which they arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. We investigated the mechanism of action and identified the activation of cell signaling that involves protein kinase C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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48. Study of water composition in the glass industry.

Author

Mareška, Aleš, Kordová, Tereza, and Míka, Martin Havlík

Subjects
GLASS industry, SOLUBLE glass, STEAM generators, WATER quality, SURFACE properties
Abstract

Copyright of Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik is the property of Faculty of Mining, Geology & Petroleum Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2023
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50. Fire weather compromises forestation-reliant climate mitigation pathways

Author

F. Jäger, J. Schwaab, Y. Quilcaille, M. Windisch, J. Doelman, S. Frank, M. Gusti, P. Havlik, F. Humpenöder, A. Lessa Derci Augustynczik, C. Müller, K. B. Narayan, R. S. Padrón, A. Popp, D. van Vuuren, M. Wögerer, and S. I. Seneviratne

Subjects
Science, Geology, QE1-996.5, Dynamic and structural geology, QE500-639.5
Abstract

Forestation can contribute to climate change mitigation. However, increasing frequency and intensity of climate extremes are posed to have profound impact on forests and consequently on the mitigation potential of forestation efforts. In this perspective, we critically assess forestation-reliant climate mitigation scenarios from five different integrated assessment models (IAMs) by showcasing the spatially explicit exposure of forests to fire weather and the simulated increase in global annual burned area. We provide a detailed description of the feedback from climate change to forest carbon uptake in IAMs. Few IAMs are currently accounting for feedback mechanisms like loss from fire disturbance. Consequently, many forestation areas proposed by IAM scenarios will be exposed to fire-promoting weather conditions and without costly prevention measures might be object to frequent burning. We conclude that the actual climate mitigation portfolio in IAM scenarios is subject to substantial uncertainty and that the risk of overly optimistic estimates of negative emission potential of forestation should be avoided. As a way forward we propose how to integrate more detailed climate information when modeling climate mitigation pathways heavily relying on forestation.

Published
2024
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