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The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine how adolescents' school burnout profiles relate to perceived learning difficulties and delayed graduation in upper secondary education. Adolescents (N = 485, mean age 15.7 years) living in a mid-sized city in Finland completed questionnaires during their upper secondary education in either the academic or vocational track. A person-oriented approach was used, and the results imply that students with perceived learning difficulties are at a higher risk of school burnout than those who do not report learning difficulties. Adolescents with a higher likelihood of belonging to the 'at risk of school burnout' profile also had a higher risk of delayed graduation than students in other profiles, as well as those without perceived learning difficulties. In addition, students in the vocational track were more likely to belong to the 'Not at risk of school burnout' profile than to the other school burnout profiles. Girls had an increased risk of belonging to one of the three profiles indicating burnout than to the 'not at risk of school burnout' profile. These findings suggest that perceived learning difficulties affect adolescents' lives longitudinally; thus, better identification of these difficulties and more effective support are needed.

The aim of this study was to identify pitfalls in ovarian tissue cryopreservation protocol from referral to surgical procedures and to analyze factors associated with chemotherapy exposure of the cryopreserved tissue and decreased ovarian function in a cohort of young girls at high risk of infertility. The study population comprised 200 girls eligible for ovarian tissue cryopreservation between 2002 and 2020 at the Children's Hospital of the University Central Hospital of Helsinki (Finland). Analyses included the evaluation of the proportion of patients who underwent ovarian tissue cryopreservation, factors associated with patient selection and timing of ovarian tissue cryopreservation, and ovarian function during long-term follow-up in relation to oncological treatments. Lack of counseling was identified as the major reason for not receiving ovarian tissue cryopreservation. A longer interval from scheduling gonadotoxic therapy to cryopreservation correlated with a higher exposure to alkylating agents of the ovarian tissue. The long-term ovarian function was mainly influenced by age at the time of gonadotoxic treatment. Current selection criteria for ovarian tissue cryopreservation should be implemented in order to stratify patients at risk of infertility and timely identify those at higher risk, especially in relation to age and pubertal stage. Efforts to increase healthcare providers’ awareness and facilitate guided timing in relation to the treatment protocols are needed to guarantee early access to ovarian tissue cryopreservation for all patients at high risk of infertility. Lay summary Girls affected by cancer may undergo aggressive treatments to cure the disease, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which can harm the ovaries. These treatments often result in the destruction of the ovaries and infertility. Nowadays, an option exists to help these girls recover their fertility after the cancer has been successfully treated. A fragment or an entire ovary can be removed by surgery and frozen before the treatments begin. When the girls are well and wish as adults to start a family, this fragment can be reimplanted back into the remaining ovary to restore fertility. This technique is called ovarian tissue cryopreservation. In this article, we report on the experience of ovarian tissue cryopreservation at the Children’s Hospital in Finland for 200 girls undergoing cancer treatment with a high risk of subsequent infertility. We analyzed the proportion of girls who had ovarian tissue cryopreservation performed among those exposed to aggressive treatments and investigated the reasons why some of them did not undergo the procedure. We also examined the time passing before the procedure was done to identify potential avoidable sources of delay. Finally, we explored how the ovaries of all the girls functioned during the time after the cancer diagnosis and looked at this in relation to their cancer treatments and ovarian tissue freezing.

An educator's competence influences the implementation of evidence-based education and the overall quality of social and health care. This study aimed to identify distinct competence profiles from Finnish social, health and rehabilitative care educators, as well as describe which personal and professional characteristics influenced belonging to a certain profile. Data were collected from 28 educational organizations located throughout Finland using the Health and Social Care Educators' Competence instrument. The survey was answered by 422 educators. The performed K-means cluster analysis identified three distinct educator competence profiles, which differed in terms of self-assessed expertise in various competence areas and certain background characteristics. The results highlight that educational institutions should concentrate on refining the digital competence of educators, which requires networking, collaboration, and work-related pedagogical competence. The differences in evaluation identified for the three profiles demonstrates that more experienced educators should mentor their less experienced counterparts to ensure a high quality of education.

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) constitutes an important component of atmospheric particulate matter, with a substantial influence on air quality, human health and the global climate. The volatility basis set (VBS) framework has provided a valuable tool for better simulating the formation and evolution of SOA where SOA precursors are grouped by their volatility. This is done in order to avoid the computational cost of simulating possibly hundreds of atmospheric organic species involved in SOA formation. The accuracy of this framework relies upon the accuracy of the volatility distribution of the oxidation products of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) used to represent SOA formation. However, the volatility distribution of SOA-forming vapours remains inadequately constrained within global climate models, leading to uncertainties in the predicted aerosol mass loads and climate impacts. This study presents the results from simulations using a process-scale particle growth model and a global climate model, illustrating how uncertainties in the volatility distribution of biogenic SOA precursor gases affect the simulated cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). We primarily focused on the volatility of oxidation products derived from monoterpenes as they represent the dominant class of VOCs emitted by boreal trees. Our findings reveal that the particle growth rate and their survival to CCN sizes, as simulated by the process-scale model, are highly sensitive to uncertainties in the volatilities of condensing organic vapours. Interestingly, we note that this high sensitivity is less pronounce in global-scale model simulations as the CCN concentration and cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) simulated in the global model remain insensitive to a 1-order-of-magnitude shift in the volatility distribution of organics. However, a notable difference arises in the SOA mass concentration as a result of volatility shifts in the global model. Specifically, a 1-order-of-magnitude decrease in volatility corresponds to an approximate 13 % increase in SOA mass concentration, while a 1-order-of-magnitude increase results in a 9 % decrease in SOA mass concentration over the boreal region. SOA mass and CCN concentrations are found to be more sensitive to the uncertainties associated with the volatility of semi-volatile compounds, with saturation concentrations of 10−1 µg m−3 or higher, than the low-volatility compounds. This finding underscores the importance of having a higher resolution in the semi-volatile bins, especially in global models, to accurately capture SOA formation. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of a better representation of saturation concentration values for volatility bins when employing a reduced number of bins in a global-scale model. A comparative analysis between a finely resolved nine-bin VBS setup and a simpler three-bin VBS setup highlights the significance of these choices. The study also indicates that radiative forcing attributed to changes in SOA over the boreal forest region is notably more sensitive to the volatility distribution of semi-volatile compounds than low-volatility compounds. In the three-bin VBS setup, a 10-fold decrease in the volatility of the highest-volatility bin results in a shortwave instantaneous radiative forcing (IRFari) of −0.2 ± 0.10 W m−2 and an effective radiative forcing (ERF) of +0.8 ± 2.24 W m−2, while a 10-fold increase in volatility leads to an IRFari of +0.05 ± 0.04 W m−2 and an ERF of +0.45 ± 2.3 W m−2 over the boreal forest region. These findings underscore the critical need for a more accurate representation of semi-volatile compounds within global-scale models to effectively capture the aerosol loads and the subsequent climate effects.

This study examines how students' support, self-esteem, and schoolwork difficulties are related to the development of students' subjective well-being (SWB), which consists of social relations and self-fulfillment. The participants (n = 326, aged 16 years) were followed for the first 2 years of general upper secondary education in Finnish schools. The first-year results in the path model showed that students who received more support or had better self-esteem were more likely to have better SWB, but students with schoolwork difficulties had lower SWB. The results also indicated that SWB in the second year was strongly predicted by SWB in the first year. All autoregressive effects of the variables from the first to second year were significant, but schoolwork difficulties had the highest stability, and support had the lowest stability. Moreover, the mediation effects between the variables from the first to second year suggested that students who had low SWB in the first year experienced more schoolwork difficulties in the second year. In practice, it was an important finding that, in both years, the school staff members could positively impact students' SWB through support, even though the received support was insufficient to reduce the negative effect of schoolwork difficulties on SWB.

Abstract Paired associative stimulation (PAS) consisting of high-intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and high-frequency peripheral nerve stimulation (known as high-PAS) induces plastic changes and improves motor performance in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). Listening to music during PAS may potentially improve mood and arousal and facilitate PAS-induced neuroplasticity via auditory-motor coupling, but the effects have not been explored. This pilot study aimed to determine if the effect of high-PAS on motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and subjective alertness can be augmented with music. Ten healthy subjects and nine SCI patients received three high-PAS sessions in randomized order (PAS only, PAS with music synchronized to TMS, PAS with self-selected music). MEPs were measured before (PRE), after (POST), 30 min (POST30), and 60 min (POST60) after stimulation. Alertness was evaluated with a questionnaire. In healthy subjects, MEPs increased at POST in all sessions and remained higher at POST60 in PAS with synchronized music compared with the other sessions. There was no difference in alertness. In SCI patients, MEPs increased at POST and POST30 in PAS only but not in other sessions, whereas alertness was higher in PAS with self-selected music. More research is needed to determine the potential clinical effects of using music during high-PAS.

In this paper, the problems with the reconstruction of an affricate phoneme *Ä and its reflexes in Hungarian are discussed. Proto-Ugric *Ä is often reconstructed, but its alleged reflexes in Hungarian show unexplained variation (s, z, cs), and many of the etymologies involve other phonological irregularities. It is troubling that although in some cases Hungarian shows s and Khanty and Mansi *Ä, often the reflexes of the affricate show discrepancy, with part of the languages showing regular reflexes of Proto-Uralic *Å. In this paper, the Ugric etymologies suggested in earlier etymological sources are analyzed and new solutions to the problem of Proto-Ugric *Ä and its reflexes in Hungarian are suggested. The problems is also related to the study of the reflexes of Proto-Uralic *Ä in Hungarian.

Journalistin ohjeisiin on tehty laaja päivitys. Ohjeisiin tulee neljä kokonaan uutta kohtaa, ja lisäksi monia kohtia on täydennetty ja ohjeiden rakennetta ja kirjoitusasua on selkeytetty. Päivitetyt ohjeet hyväksyttiin huhtikuussa, ja ne tulevat voimaan lokakuussa.

Abstract Natural aerosol feedbacks are expected to become more important in the future, as anthropogenic aerosol emissions decrease due to air quality policy. One such feedback is initiated by the increase in biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions with higher temperatures, leading to higher secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production and a cooling of the surface via impacts on cloud radiative properties. Motivated by the considerable spread in feedback strength in Earth System Models (ESMs), we here use two long-term observational datasets from boreal and tropical forests, together with satellite data, for a process-based evaluation of the BVOC-aerosol-cloud feedback in four ESMs. The model evaluation shows that the weakest modelled feedback estimates can likely be excluded, but highlights compensating errors making it difficult to draw conclusions of the strongest estimates. Overall, the method of evaluating along process chains shows promise in pin-pointing sources of uncertainty and constraining modelled aerosol feedbacks.

Purpose – Digital transformation shapes industries and influences the forms of collaboration between companies. This study aims to investigate digital business strategy as a key to facilitating collaboration beyond organizational boundaries. Design/methodology/approach – The study focuses on the connection between digital business strategy and collaboration performance. The authors identify five types of digital business strategy elements based on the literature: development, objectives, resources, management capabilities, and digital leadership. The authors then studied the implications of these elements for collaboration performance using a survey. The study’s empirical data were collected from manufacturing and service companies, and 202 valid responses were received. The implications of the research elements were tested through regression analysis, which included the moderating effects of digitally enabled performance measurement. Findings – The theoretical research framework identifies digital business strategy as a key determinant of collaboration performance, thus advancing the understanding of how companies can utilize digital business strategies and achieve enhanced collaboration performance. The results also show that the effect of digital business strategy on collaboration performance may be moderated by digitally enabled performance management. Practical implications – The results suggest that management capabilities associated with digital strategy are a crucial element in positively influencing collaboration performance. Further, digital strategy-related resources can be better managed with digitally enabled performance measurement system, which is reflected in improved collaborative performance. Thus, companies should invest in management capabilities and connect their digital business strategies and performance measurement systems to develop collaboration in digital transformation. Originality/value – The study is among the first to translate an empirical understanding of the digital transformation of small and medium-sized companies into a conceptual framework of a digital business strategy.

Abstract The lipidome of equine BALF cells has not been described. The objectives of this prospective repeated-measures study were to explore the BALF cells’ lipidome in horses and to identify lipids associated with progression or resolution of airway inflammation. BALF cells from 22 horses exposed to two bedding materials (Peat 1—Wood shavings [WS]—Peat 2) were studied by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The effects of bedding on lipid class and species compositions were tested with rmANOVA. Correlations between lipids and cell counts were examined. The BALF cells’ lipidome showed bedding-related differences for molar percentage (mol%) of 60 species. Whole phosphatidylcholine (PC) class and its species PC 32:0 (main molecular species 16:0_16:0) had higher mol% after Peat 2 compared with WS. Phosphatidylinositol 38:4 (main molecular species 18:0_20:4) was higher after WS compared with both peat periods. BALF cell count correlated positively with mol% of the lipid classes phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, ceramide, hexosylceramide, and triacylglycerol but negatively with PC. BALF cell count correlated positively with phosphatidylinositol 38:4 mol%. In conclusion, equine BALF cells’ lipid profiles explored with MS-based lipidomics indicated subclinical inflammatory changes after WS. Inflammatory reactions in the cellular lipid species composition were detected although cytological responses indicating inflammation were weak.

We studied three novel approaches in environmental science communication for experts: gamification, virtual reality, and art-based scenario workshops and analyze participants' perceptions through qualitative interviews and a survey. Four dimensions emerged from the interviews: "enjoyment," "usability," "sociability," and "learning" that were found to be important for scientific communication. The approaches were perceived as enjoyable and beneficial for creating dialogue. However, the simplification of the information reduced its usability for experts. The approaches were found suitable for understanding other participants' viewpoints rather than disseminating knowledge about the content. Experts as a target group require special focus in the development of science communication.

Abstract Wetland habitats are changing under multiple anthropogenic pressures. Nutrient leakage and pollution modify physico‐chemical state of wetlands and affect the ecosystem through bottom‐up processes, while alien predators affect the ecosystems in a top‐down manner. Boreal wetlands are important breeding areas for several waterbird species, the abundances of which potentially reflect both bottom‐up and top‐down ecosystem processes. Here, we use long‐term national monitoring data gathered from c. 130 waterbird breeding sites in Finland from the 1980s to the 2020s. We hypothesised that the physico‐chemical state of the waters and increasing alien predator abundance both play a role in steering the waterbird population trends. We set out to test this hypothesis by relating population changes of 17 waterbird species to changes in water chemistry and to regional alien predator indices while allowing species‐specific effects to vary with foraging niche (dabblers, invertivore divers, piscivorous divers, herbivores), nesting site, female mass and habitat (oligotrophic, eutrophic). We found niche and nesting site‐specific, habitat‐dependent changes in waterbird numbers. While the associations with higher phosphorus levels and browning water were in overall positive at the oligotrophic lakes, the numbers of invertivore and piscivore diving ducks were most strongly negatively associated with higher phosphorus levels and browning water at the eutrophic lakes. Furthermore, increased pH levels benefitted piscivores. Invertivore diving duck species nesting on the wetlands had declined most on sites with high alien predator indices. Large herbivorous species and species preferring oligotrophic lakes seem to be successful. We conclude that the large‐scale breeding waterbird decline in Finland is closely connected to both bottom‐up and top‐down processes, where negative associations are emphasised especially at eutrophic lakes. Niche‐, nest site‐ and habitat‐specific management actions are required to conserve declining waterbird populations. Managing wetlands on catchments level together with alien predator control may provide important approaches to future wetland management.

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to investigate effectiveness of group counselling for the patients with hip arthroplasty, self‐assessed functional ability, and quality of counselling. Design A quasi‐experimental study. Method The questionnaire included the Counselling Quality Instrument (CQI), Harris hip score and Oldwellactive self‐rated wellness profile. A Mann–Whitney U‐ and chi‐squared and t‐tests were used. A Wilcoxon singed rank test were used to evaluate changes in functional ability. No Patient or Public Contribution Patients and the public were not involved in the design, recruitment and implementation of this study. Results Fifty patients participated. Patients reported better results for limping (p = 0.000), walking distance (p = 0.000) and use of a walking aid (p = 0.001) in the follow‐up time point and they pain decreased. Patients were satisfied with interactions during counselling; gender (p = 0.000) and use of a walking aid (p = 0.044) were found to significantly affect. A lack of goal‐oriented counselling was in depressive symptoms (p = 0.016), worries (p = 0.010) and loneliness (p = 0.026).

The primary purpose of this study is to open the discussion of FAIR principles in Finnish archaeology. This topic has not yet been actively discussed in Finnish archaeology. In this study, we were testing whether adding keywords could increase the reusability of the Register of Ancient Sites, as the reusability level of the current register is low. The case study focuses on creating an overview of the Iron Age sites in the Itä-Häme area. Keywords were added for all of the 585 archaeological sites in the study area, based on field reports and find catalogues. After giving keywords to all of the sites, it was possible to make queries from the register and form a new, more detailed overview of the Iron Age sites in the Itä-Häme area. Our study revealed mistakes and ambiguities in the register, but adding keywords increased its reusability. However, it cannot solve the main issue: basic research has not been carried out extensively enough in Finland. Based on the overview, it can be seen that Itä-Häme was an active and important area in the Iron Age, and an especially meaningful possible new site type was identified; however, more research in this area is needed.

Abstract Documentary climate data describe evidence of past climate arising from predominantly written historical documents such as diaries, chronicles, newspapers, or logbooks. Over the past decades, historians and climatologists have generated numerous document-based time series of local and regional climates. However, a global dataset of documentary climate time series has never been compiled, and documentary data are rarely used in large-scale climate reconstructions. Here, we present the first global multi-variable collection of documentary climate records. The dataset DOCU-CLIM comprises 621 time series (both published and hitherto unpublished) providing information on historical variations in temperature, precipitation, and wind regime. The series are evaluated by formulating proxy forward models (i.e., predicting the documentary observations from climate fields) in an overlapping period. Results show strong correlations, particularly for the temperature-sensitive series. Correlations are somewhat lower for precipitation-sensitive series. Overall, we ascribe considerable potential to documentary records as climate data, especially in regions and seasons not well represented by early instrumental data and palaeoclimate proxies.

Abstract Equine asthma (EA) is an inflammatory disease of the lower airways driven by mediators released from cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vehicles for lipid mediators, which possess either pro-inflammatory or dual anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving functions. In this study, we investigated how the respiratory fatty acid (FA) profile reflects airway inflammatory status. The FA composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), BALF supernatant, and bronchoalveolar EVs of healthy horses (n = 15) and horses with mild/moderate EA (n = 10) or severe EA (SEA, n = 5) was determined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The FA profiles distinguished samples with different diagnoses in all sample types, yet they were insufficient to predict the health status of uncategorized samples. Different individual FAs were responsible for the discrimination of the diagnoses in different sample types. Particularly, in the EVs of SEA horses the proportions of palmitic acid (16:0) decreased and those of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) increased, and all sample types of asthmatic horses had elevated dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) proportions. The results suggest simultaneous pro-inflammatory and resolving actions of FAs and a potential role for EVs as vehicles for lipid mediators in asthma pathogenesis. EV lipid manifestations of EA can offer translational targets to study asthma pathophysiology and treatment options.

Abstract Introduction Advances in multimodality cancer treatments have increased long‐term survival rates for early onset cancer patients, with 5‐year survival rates reaching 80% in Northern Europe. According to recent recommendations, clinicians should, as early as possible, inform cancer patients about the impact that cancer treatment may have on their fertility. Still, there is limited published data on fertility counselling (FC) and fertility preservation (FP) for cancer patients. Methods This register‐based study used hospital records to identify female cancer patients in the hospital district (n = 192) who received FC at the age of 16–42 years between 2011 and 2019. Results Altogether, 97 (50.5%) cancer patients were eligible for FP. Of these, 55 (56.7%) underwent FP, whereas 42 (43.3%) declined. Women undergoing FP were recommended cancer treatments with a higher risk of infertility (p = 0.01), and women with breast cancer were more prone to undergo FP than women with lymphoma (p = 0.043). In FP treatment cycles, the mean number of oocytes retrieved (13.9 ± 7.7 vs. 12.0 ± 6.5, p = 0.04) and transferrable embryos (4.7 ± 2.9 vs. 3.7 ± 2.8, p = 0.002) was higher among cancer patients compared to age‐matched comparisons with male or tubal factor infertility. The total mean gonadotropin dose used was higher among cancer patients (2243 ± 963 IU vs. 1679 ± 765 IU, p

Abstract Wetlands belong to the globally most threatened habitats, and organisms depending on them are of conservation concern. Wetland destruction and quality loss may affect negatively also boreal breeding ducks in which habitat selection often needs balancing between important determinants of habitat suitability. In Finland duck population trajectories are habitat‐specific, while the reasons behind are poorly understood. In this research, we studied the balance of nest predation risk and invertebrate food abundance in boreal breeding ducks in Finland at 45 lakes and ponds in 2017 and 2018. We surveyed duck pairs and broods from these and 18 additional water bodies. We evaluated nest predation by monitoring artificial nests with camera traps over a 7‐day exposure period and sampled invertebrates from water bodies using emergence and activity traps. Camera trap results indicate that predation risk was higher in the water bodies surrounded by agricultural land than in forestland. Ponds (seasonal, beaver, and man‐made) had lower nest predation risk, and they were also more invertebrate‐rich than permanent lakes. In addition, artificial nests further away from water bodies had higher survival than shoreline nests. Habitat use of duck pairs was not associated with invertebrate food, but duck broods preferred habitats rich in food. High nest predation pressure in shorelines of especially agricultural landscapes may contribute to the declining population trends of ducks in Finland. Controlling predators could be an important conservation action to improve duck breeding success. This research underlines the benefits of the availability of different water body types for breeding ducks. There is an urgent need to pay attention to protecting seasonal ponds, while the lack of flooded waters may be mitigated by favouring beavers or creating man‐made ponds.

ObjectiveAmong adolescents, amenorrhea is a common reason for medical consultation. Despite the variety of underlying etiologies, the prevalence of the causes is incompletely understood. This study aimed to assess the demographic and etiological factors among patients with amenorrhea treated in a single specialist unit of adolescent gynecology.DesignRetrospective register study.MethodsMedical records of 438 girls evaluated for primary or secondary amenorrhea in a single tertiary care center between 2015 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. In all, 423 patients—171 with primary amenorrhea and 252 with secondary amenorrhea—were included in the study. Data on underlying conditions, anthropometric variables, and selected hormonal markers were analyzed.ResultsFunctional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism was the most frequent reason for primary (56%) and secondary (78%) amenorrhea. It was mostly explained by lifestyle-related functional hypothalamic amenorrhea caused by disordered eating, intense exercise, energy deficiency, psychological stress, and their combinations.ConclusionMenstrual pattern is a significant indicator of overall health and well-being among adolescent girls and young women. Functional reasons behind primary and secondary amenorrhea are important to recognize. Treatment often requires long-term lifestyle modifications. The frequency of functional causes also implies that most amenorrhea cases are preventable.

Eutrophication, climate-induced warming, and salinity fluctuations are altering the fatty acid profiles and the availability of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in marine zooplankton communities. Limnocalanus macrurus Sars G.O., 1863 is a large calanoid copepod inhabiting the low-salinity areas in the Baltic Sea, where it is a major source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to commercially important fish. L. macrurus is sensitive to warming, eutrophication and hypoxia. As an opportunistic feeder, it is capable of dietary shifts, which affects its fatty acid profiles. Although much studied in boreal lakes, there are only a few studies on the fatty acid profiles of the Baltic Sea populations. This study aimed to compare the fatty acid profiles of L. macrurus in three basins of the Baltic Sea, in relation to the community fatty acids and environmental variables. We collected samples of L. macrurus and filtered plankton community for gas chromatographic fatty acid analyses in August 2021 on R/V Aranda. The nutritional quality of L. macrurus to consumers was lower in the Gulf of Finland (GoF) compared to the Gulf of Bothnia, indicated by the low levels of DHA and EPA, as well as the low n-3/n-6 ratio of PUFAs. The lower ratio of 18:1n-7 to 18:1n-9 implied higher degree of omnivory in GoF. In contrast, a diatom marker 16:1n-7 had high proportion in the Bothnian Bay. High temperatures in GoF may have restricted feeding in the upper water column, possibly forcing a shift towards cyanobacteria or seston-based diet, as interpreted from a high proportion of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3. We conclude that the ability of L. macrurus to utilize multiple food sources increases its resilience to environmental change, while the consequences on the nutritional quality may have further cascading effects on the food webs.

ABSTRACTThis study examined the order-to-delivery (OTD) process that employ real-time performance measurement based on digital visualization (DV). It was performed as a longitudinal case study using the design science approach. The case company delivers customized technology solutions to its customers, with a specific focus on the OTD process of maintenance services. DV, it was found, is a powerful tool capable of enhancing the performance measurement of the OTD process. Determining the focal points that DV-based real-time performance measurement focuses on facilitates the implementation of the performance implications of the process. Further, these performance implications are the result of an appropriate interplay between real-time performance measurement and DV. The study addresses the voice of workers to avoid possible bias concerning the views of management or the limited visibility of certain areas of the company. This study is among the first to examine performance measurement that uses novel technologies to enhance decision-making.

Abstract Objectives Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mMRI) is the modality of choice in the imaging of ovarian cancer (OC). We aimed to investigate the feasibility of different types of regions of interest (ROIs) in the measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of diffusion-weighted imaging in OC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Methods We retrospectively enrolled 23 consecutive patients with advanced OC who had undergone NACT and mMRI. Seventeen of them had been imaged before and after NACT. Two observers independently measured the ADC values in both ovaries and in the metastatic mass by drawing on a single slice of (1) freehand large ROIs (L-ROIs) covering the solid parts of the whole tumour and (2) three small round ROIs (S-ROIs). The side of the primary ovarian tumour was defined. We evaluated the interobserver reproducibility and statistical significance of the change in tumoural pre- and post-NACT ADC values. Each patient’s disease was defined as platinum-sensitive, semi-sensitive, or resistant. The patients were deemed either responders or non-responders. Results The interobserver reproducibility of the L-ROI and S-ROI measurements ranged from good to excellent (ICC range: 0.71–0.99). The mean ADC values were significantly higher after NACT in the primary tumour (L-ROI p

The purpose of this study is to evaluate cognitive affordances of two course designs: a Moodle-based online course and a mixed reality (MR) learning environment. The evaluation is done with a semi-structured qualitative survey based on Cognitive affordances of technology-framework. This study helps understand how different features of these environments support student learning. The study also proposes a model on how different learning environments can be combined to create more effective virtual learning environment designs. The results imply that the MR environment works well in experiential learning, discursive learning and supportive learning, which are, on the other hand, weaknesses of the online environment. The strength of the online environment is that it promotes critical thinking, conceptual change and self-regulated learning, which are weaknesses of the MR environment. Learning by doing is supported in both environments. The analysis shows that the two environments are complementary in terms of cognitive affordances and their parallel use in course design is therefore encouraged.

This study examined the role of support and schoolwork difficulties in the development of school burnout in general upper secondary education students. Students participated the study twice, in the spring of the first year of general upper secondary education (N = 464) and in the spring of the second year (N = 326). Participants completed questionnaires about their burnout as well as support they received and schoolwork difficulties they experienced. The results of path analysis showed that difficulties in learning skills predicted school burnout. Support received in the first year predicted lower school burnout and fewer difficulties in that year; however, neither support in their first nor second years predicted lower burnout in the second year. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of support and recognising the risks of burnout in general upper secondary education.

In forest inventories, field data are needed for the prediction of tree volumes. However, gathering field data requires resources, such as labour, equipment, and data management operations. This means that time and budget, as well as quality, must be carefully considered when National Forest Inventory (NFI) field measurement activities are planned. Therefore, the development of cost efficient, simple, safe and reliable measurement methods and tools are of great interest. To date, upper stem diameter (d6), which provides a more reliable estimation of tree stem volume, has typically been measured with a parabolic calliper. In this study, the performance of the Criterion laser-based dendrometer was examined for d6 measurements. A total of 326 sample trees were measured multiple times with three different measurement instruments. These instruments were used to measure diameter at breast height (dbh) as well as d6 measurements. Bland-Altman plots and measurement error variances were used to determine measurement instrument reliability. For all trees, the standard deviation for the laser based dendrometer was 18.73 mm at dbh and 15.36 mm for the d6 measurements. When the performance of Criterion was analysed with reference to the mean value of repeated measurements, the standard deviation in the dbh measurements was 12.21 mm, and 8.88 mm in the d6 measurements.

Children’s participation refers to involvement in interaction with others together with attendance in family and community activities. There is an urgent need to develop actions that promote participation of children with disabilities, but there is still limited understanding of processes that may enable it. This study focuses on how the participants (five parents, two teachers, three therapists) enhance participation of Finnish children with neurological disabilities at school, home, and in the therapy and how participants develop multifunctional collaboration to promote participation. Participants were interviewed five times in group interviews for one year. The data were analysed with a qualitative grounded theory approach. Three central factors enhancing participation were found: factors preparing and building participation and factors promoting participation in action. A participatory multifunctional collaboration model enhancing participation showed that collaboration is built up through a child-centred approach by sharing information and know-how and by transcending adults’ prejudices and fears.