1. Simulation and experimental study of proton bunch self-modulation in plasma with linear density gradients
- Author
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Thibaut Lefèvre, J. Pucek, L. Verra, M. Granetzny, A. Perera, Kookjin Moon, M. Wendt, M. Aladi, Y. Andrebe, V. Hafych, N. Lopes, V. N. Fedosseev, Ralph Fiorito, J. T. Moody, E. D. Guran, C. Davut, T. Graubner, R. Agnello, Stefano Mazzoni, M. Turner, N. Torrado, R. Apsimon, M. C. Amoedo Goncalves, James Henderson, Allen Caldwell, Philip Burrows, S. Doebert, Patrick Muggli, M. Hüther, B. Ráczkevi, Linbo Liang, Ans Pardons, Olaf Grulke, Alexander Pukhov, M. Krupa, F. Batsch, P. I. Morales Guzmán, Spencer Gessner, M. A. Baistrukov, H. Panuganti, S. Rey, M. Martyanov, Eugenio Senes, M. Zepp, Moses Chung, Ivo Furno, M. Á. Kedves, V. K. Khudyakov, Oliver Schmitz, D. Medina Godoy, Ambrogio Fasoli, Rebecca Ramjiawan, H. Damerau, Guoxing Xia, Jorge Vieira, E. Nowak, Eric Chevallay, G. Zevi della Porta, Luis O. Silva, A. Topaloudis, C. Pakuza, M. Moreira, Matthew Wing, A.-M. Bachmann, G. Demeter, John P. Farmer, Konstantin Lotov, P. Blanchard, Eduardo Granados, C. Stollberg, O. Apsimon, A. Sublet, D. A. Cooke, Carsten Welsch, J. Wolfenden, B. Woolley, P. V. Tuev, Ricardo Fonseca, J. Chappell, F. Braunmüller, Florian Kraus, A. A. Gorn, Sung Youb Kim, B. Buttenschön, Amos Dexter, C. Ahdida, Edda Gschwendtner, Francesco Velotti, Michele Bergamaschi, T. Nechaeva, H. Vincke, and Collaboration, AWAKE
- Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph) ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Proton ,Dephasing ,Other Fields of Physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas [Domínio/Área Científica] ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Position (vector) ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,physics.plasm-ph ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,physics.acc-ph ,Physics ,Linear density ,Charge (physics) ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,Plasma ,Accelerators and Storage Rings ,Physics - Plasma Physics ,Computational physics ,ddc ,Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph) ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,Physics - Accelerator Physics ,Frequency modulation ,Beam (structure) - Abstract
We present numerical simulations and experimental results of the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in a plasma with linear density gradients along the beam path. Simulation results agree with the experimental results reported in arXiv:2007.14894v2: with negative gradients, the charge of the modulated bunch is lower than with positive gradients. In addition, the bunch modulation frequency varies with gradient. Simulation results show that dephasing of the wakefields with respect to the relativistic protons along the plasma is the main cause for the loss of charge. The study of the modulation frequency reveals details about the evolution of the self-modulation process along the plasma. In particular for negative gradients, the modulation frequency across time-resolved images of the bunch indicates the position along the plasma where protons leave the wakefields. Simulations and experimental results are in excellent agreement., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures
- Published
- 2021
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