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Abstract Wearable resistance (WR) and weighted vests (WV) can be used in almost all training conditions to enhance sprint performance; however, positioning and additional mass are different in WV and WR strategies, affecting performance and kinematics differently. We aimed to systematically review the literature, searching for intervention studies that reported the acute or chronic kinematic and performance impact of WV and WR and comparing them. We analyzed Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and SPORTDiscuss databases for longitudinal and cross-over studies investigating sprint performance or kinematics using an inverse-variance with a random-effect method for meta-analysis. After the eligibility assessment, 25 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Cross-over WR and WV studies found significantly higher sprint times and higher ground contact times (CT) compared to unloaded (UL) conditions. However, WR presented a lower step frequency (SF) compared to UL, whereas WV presented a lower step length (SL). Only one study investigated the chronic adaptations for WR, indicating a superiority of the WR group on sprint time compared to the control group. However, no difference was found chronically for WV regarding sprint time, CT, and flight time (FT). Our findings suggest that using WV and WR in field sports demonstrates overload sprint gesture through kinematic changes, however, WR can be more suitable for SF-reliant athletes and WV for SL-reliant athletes. Although promising for chronic performance improvement, coaches and athletes should carefully consider WV and WR use since there is no supporting evidence that WV or WR will impact sprint performance, CT, and FT.

Abstract Background People with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) commonly experience social and self-stigma. This study sought to understand the impacts of CHB-related stigma and a functional cure on stigma. Methods Adults with CHB with a wide range of age and education were recruited from 5 countries and participated in 90-minute qualitative, semi-structured interviews to explore concepts related to CHB-associated stigma and its impact. Participants answered open-ended concept-elicitation questions regarding their experience of social and self-stigma, and the potential impact of reduced CHB-related stigma. Results Sixty-three participants aged 25 to 71 years (15 from the United States and 12 each from China, Germany, Italy, and Japan) reported emotional, lifestyle, and social impacts of living with CHB, including prejudice, marginalization, and negative relationship and work experiences. Self-stigma led to low self-esteem, concealment of CHB status, and social withdrawal. Most participants stated a functional cure for hepatitis B would reduce self-stigma. Conclusions CHB-related social and self-stigma are widely prevalent and affect many aspects of life. A functional cure for hepatitis B may reduce social and self-stigma and substantially improve the health-related quality of life of people with CHB. Incorporating stigma into guidelines along with infectivity considerations may broaden the patient groups who should receive treatment.

We determined the effects of the last two days of tapering before the World Athletics Championship using a questionnaire related to the state of readiness. 4x100 m relays athletes (n=4, sprinters [age: 24.5 ± 2.5y; best performance at 100 m: 10.03 ± 0.04 seconds]) performed two training sessions. The Well-being Questionnaire was applied on each day and they were instructed to indicate the individual perception of fatigue and stress on a five-point scale. The athletes presented lowered levels of Well-being on the first day, and after the coaches regulate the training volume according to the Well-being Questionnaire reports, on the second day the athletes reported improvement in the wellbeing. The use of Questionnaires such as the Well-being Questionnaire proved to be a good predictor of the state of readiness indicating stress and fatigue in elite athletes performing the last two days of tapering before an international competition.

Este estudo objetivou correlacionar os motivos de evasão com a motivação para aprender de estudantes de ciências da saúde e correlacionar a motivação para aprender e os motivos de evasão com a idade, sexo e horas de sono. Realizou-se um estudo transversal quantitativo. Participaram 481 estudantes. Foram encontradas correlações entre motivação para aprender e os motivos de evasão (r=-0,25; p=0,00); entre a idade e a motivação extrínseca (r=-0,15; p≤0,00), motivação intrínseca (r=0,11; p=0,01), e o motivo de evasão relacionado ao suporte (r=0,09; p≤0,05); entre a variável horas de sono e os motivos de evasão relacionado as questões institucionais (r=0,15; p≤0,00), vocacionais (r=-0,10; p=0,02), e desempenho (r=0,11; p=0,01). Concluiu-se que os estudantes demonstraram boa motivação geral para aprender e tendência baixa a moderada para evasão. A motivação influenciou positivamente e diminuiu a intensidade dos motivos para evasão.

We investigated whether the application of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) immediately after a standardized warm-up (WU + PBMT) or traditional PBMT (no pre-warming) would influence performance in intermittent testing and intensity variables. In a counterbalanced randomized crossover design, twelve female futsal players (mean age: 23.9 ± 3.8 years) attended four sessions. Each session involved either a standardized warm-up or maintaining seated rest for five minutes. Subsequently, PBMT or placebo (with the PBMT device turned off) was applied, followed by the YoYo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 test (YYIR1) during which we assessed heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and blood lactate levels. The performance in YYIIR1 was superior (p = 0.02) in the WU + PBMT condition (440.0 ± 59.0 m) compared to the WU + Placebo (353.3 ± 94.7 m), and placebo alone (no warm-up) (325.0 ± 67.2 m). We conclude that a combination of a specific warm-up before PBMT application improves high-intensity intermittent performance in amateur female futsal players without affecting intensity variables.

Dear editor, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide leading to high morbidity and mortality (Zhang et al., 2023). Although several studies have aimed to understand how the COVID-19 is affected by systematic physical activity, only few studies have been conducted to better understand the role of physical exercise in mitigating COVID-19 contamination and transmission (Souza et al., 2021; Zecchin et al., 2023). The role of physical exercise (i.e., resistance and/or endurance training) in the immune system is well understood (Nieman, Pedersen, 1999). Increased immune vigilance and the improvement of immune competence, which help the control of pathogens, mainly in elderly and obese population, who show limited immunological control, have been described earlier (Mohammad et al., 2021; Simpson, 2011). What do we know about the effects of physical exercise on COVID-19 disease? Moderate intensity physical exercise is well known to be part of the treatment of many acute and chronic metabolic diseases (i.e., respiratory and cardiac diseases) (Burge et al., 2020). Recent studies pertaining physical exercise and COVID-19 demonstrated that physical activity is not capable to diminish the transmission, however it has been reported to have a symptom-mitigating properly during the disease cycle, and it is part related to immune protection (Rahmati-Ahmadabad, Hosseini, 2020). Lee et al., (2021) investigated 212 768 thousands of Korean adults (aged ≥20 y) and described that those who were engaged in the recommended levels of physical exercise decreased SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 related death and severe illness (aerobic and muscle strength activities according to the 2018 physical activity guidelines). This results reported by Lee et al., (2021) corroborate with de Souza et al., (2021) investigating well-trained patients who showed lower levels of hospitalization due to SARS-CoV-2 infection (according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire [IPAQ]). Halabchi et al., (2021) observed a lower frequency of hospitalization and number of deaths in athletes with regular sports participation compared to non-athletes. In fact, our research group recently reported that between 7676 participants who were active in some type of physical activity (i.e., CrossFit), were lower exposed to being hospitalized due to COVID-19 (under review) (Zecchin et al., 2023). What needs to be addressed in future studies regarding COVID-19 and physical exercise? To date, studies describing the effects of physical activity on COVID-19 have used different approaches, such as different guidelines for determining physical activity levels, and this is a limitation to a better understanding. Future studies should investigate the effects of different physical exercise methods (i.e., interval training, continuum training) in the attenuation of COVID-19 infection and severity in risk groups (i.e., elderly, obese). There is also a need for more detailed studies of participants' physical activity levels. Studies involving different designs must be implemented for a better approach between COVID-19 infection and severity and different populations. LIMITATIONS This letter describes only the potential studies in which the rule of physical exercise in mitigating COVID-19 infection, transmission and severity were investigated.

O hemograma é um dos principais exames laboratoriais solicitados, sendo importante nos diagnósticosque podem estar relacionados, ou não, às patologias hematológicas. Ele avalia os elementos do sangue através contagem de eritrócitos, plaquetas e leucócitos. A automação do hemograma permite maior agilidade e sensibilidade na liberação de resultados no laboratório. E além dos índices hematimétricos automatizados usuais, existem parâmetros avançados que permitem realizar análises específicas sobre determinada série hematológica baseando-se no conteúdo do interior das células em análise, como parâmetro de granulócitos imaturos (IMG). Os IMG são células encontradas na medula óssea e podem estar no sangue periférico devido a alguma alteração do organismo. São precursores neutrofílicos que são divididos de acordo com o grau de maturação oriundo dos mieloblastos. A contagem do IMG automatizado mostra um aumento da atividade medular e pode ser utilizado com indicador precoce de infecções agudas, respostas inflamatórias e distúrbios mieloproliferativos, resultando em diagnóstico precoce e a devida intervenção médica. Os estudos sobre esse parâmetro não são amplos e em muitos casos não são utilizados durante a análise. Portanto, o intuito desse artigo foi analisar os principais achados em lâmina em dois grupos distintos, sendo o primeiro com IMG% igual ou superior a 2% (independente da contagem de global de leucócitos) e o segundo grupo, com contagem de leucócitos com valores igual ou superior a 15.000. Foram analisados 103 hemogramas realizados no Mindray BC-6800plus com porcentagem IMG igual ou superior a 2% (primeiro grupo) e exames com a global de leucócitos acima de 15.000 (segundo grupo), todos com mensagem de indicação do equipamento, “Gran imaturos?”. Das amostras analisadas, 67,96% são do sexo feminino e 33,33% masculino. Em relação a global de leucócitos, 77,66% estão 4.000 e 14.500, 20,38% entre 15.000 e 30.000 e 2,91% acima de 40.000. À microscopia óptica, 13,59% apresentaram %IG menor que 2% e 86,40% superior a 2%.Foi observado a presença de granulações tóxicas em 12,62% dos exames. Os bastonetes foram visualizados em 93,20% dos hemogramas, os metamielócitos em 61,16%, osmielócitos em 56,31% e os promielócitos em 4,85% dos hemogramas. Já os blastos foram visualizados em 3,88% dos exames. Os granulócitos imaturos superior a 2% com maior prevalência no sangue periférico, são os metamielócitos e os mielócitos, células que fazem parte da contagem de IMG do equipamento. Os hemogramas com global de leucócitos superior a 15.000, mas que não tinham necessariamente IMG igual ou superior a 2% apresentaram algumas alterações. Eles foram avaliados em lâmina devido a leucocitose discreta, sendo um critério interno do laboratório. A contagem automatizada de IMG em analisadores hematológicos é rápida e sem custos adicionais, sendo de grande importância no laboratório. O IMG elevado é um parâmetro extremamente útil em quadros associados a infecções e também em neoplasias mieloproliferativas auxiliando no diagnóstico precoce e na devida intervenção médica. Constatamos que a contagem igual ou superior a 2% de IMG já apresenta alterações relevantes e devem ser analisadas em microscopia. É fundamental a determinação da porcentagem de IMG e os demais critérios para avaliação em lâmina, juntamente com as orientações do fabricante, assessoria científica e normas internas do laboratório.

Introdução: A dengue, é a arbovirose urbana mais prevalente das Américas, principalmente no Brasil, tem como vetor a fêmea do mosquito da espécie Aedes aegypti e, em menor escala, da espécie Aedes albopictus. Segundo o Ministério da Saúde, no período de janeiro a abril de 2023, compreendendo o território brasileiro, os números de registros foram de 899 mil casos de dengue. É uma doença infecciosa febril aguda causada por um vírus pertecente a famélia Flaviviridae, do gênero Flavírus. O vírus da dengue apresenta quatro sorotipos, em geral denominados DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 e DENV-4. A doença pode ser assintomática ou pode evoluir para quadros mais graves, como hemorragia e choque. A dengue clássica apresenta sintomas que incluem febre, dor de cabeça, dores pelo corpo e náuseas. O aparecimento de manchas vermelhas na pele, sangramentos nas mucosas (gengiva e nariz), dor abdominal intensa e vômitos persistentes, podem indicar um sinal de alarme para a dengue hemorrágica. Possui a transmissão intensificada em períodos de maior precipitação e o diagnóstico precoce é fundamental. O diagnóstico laboratorial pode ser realizado por vários métodos, como o teste sorológico de pesquisa de IgM e o monitoramento por meio de observações hematológicas decorrentes da infecção. Anticorpos de pesquisa da dengue da classe IgM, com o início da sintomatologia correspondente, podem ser encontrados à partir do sexto dia e, em infecções secundárias, os anticorpos podem ser detectados em pesquisa após dois ou três dias, mantendo-se reagente por três meses. O exame de hemograma, que analisa informações específicas, sobre os tipos e quantidades dos componetes sanguíneos (leucócitos, hemácias e plaquetas), é de extrema importância para acompanhamento da evolução da doença e, em pacientes sob infecção de dengue, apresenta alterações comuns como a leucopenia, a trombocitopenia, a hemoconcentração e alterações leucocitárias (presença de linfócitos reativos e de neutrófilos bastonetes). Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar quantitativamente a sorologia reagente de dengue IgM às principais alterações, secundárias à infecção, observadas em hemograma. Resultados: Os dados de exames de detecção de anticorpos dengue IgM e de hemogramas deste trabalho foram coletados a partir de bancos de dados internos de laboratório privado. O grupo alvo analisado foi composto por 100 pacientes positivados por exame sorológico para dengue, com hemograma em pedido médico, no período de abril a maio de 2023. Nas análises foram considerados os valores de referência de liberação (VRL) descritos em laudos internos, sendo eles: leucopenia (< 4.000/mm3), trombocitopenia (< 150.000/mm3), percentual de linfócitos reativos e neutrófilos bastonetes (0) e dengue IgM (>1.10). Discussão: Avaliando a detecção reagente de anticorpos IgM para a dengue associada à avaliação de hemograma dos 100 pacientes (58 mulheres e 42 homens entre 9 meses a 81 anos de idade), as principais alterações observadas foram a leucopenia (54%), considerando VRL=

Purpose This systematic review aimed to investigate the acute and chronic effects of the task constraints of small-sided games on technical-tactical, physical, and physiological indicators in handball players. Methods A systematic literature search was performed between 2000 and 2020 in SciELO, ISI Web of Science, SPORTDiscus by EBSCOhost, Medline, Redalyc, and Scopus. Studies in female and male youth and adult handball players which involved acute and chronic effects of small-sided games on technical-tactical, physical, and physiological indicators were considered. Methodological quality was determined for the included studies. Results Altogether, 20 studies were included; 91% were published since 2014. The studies presented a mean of 80% in terms of methodological quality. Seven articles (35%) had a mean of 75% or less, and 13 articles (65%) had a mean above 75%. Decreasing on pitch area increased the total distance covered, while the smaller player format promoted increasing the total distance covered and time in sprints. Additionally, the time above 90% of the relative heart rate increased concomitantly with the player format increase. Conclusions The greater individual playing area (i.e., the pitch area divided by the number of players) resulted in higher values of total distance covered. The results identified gaps in the knowledge on the effects of task constraints on collective dynamic and tactical behaviour in handball players to be analysed in further studies.

This study investigated the associations between total and regional body composition with performance in the special judo fitness test (SJFT), as well as strength and power tests (countermovement vertical jump—CMJ, squat jump—SJ, plyometric push-up—PPU, and force push-up—FPU). Twenty-three high-level judo athletes participated in this study. Initially, they underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, after which they performed the CMJ, SJ, PPU, and FPU tests. On another day, the SJFT was carried out. Correlations were tested using Pearson’s test. The performance in the SJFT was correlated with the total and arm %fat mass (r = −0.759), torso fat mass (r = −0.802), torso %fat mass (r = −0.822) and in the lower limb regions with the leg fat mass (r = −0.803) and leg %fat (r = −0.745). In the strength and power tests, there were also negative correlations observed between regional fat and performance. There was a negative correlation between the percentage of total fat and performance in the SJFT (r = −0.824), SJ (r = −0.750), CMJ (r = −0.742), PPU (r = −0.609), and FPU (r = −0.736). Fat, both total fat and regional fat in the arms, torso, and legs, is strongly correlated with a poor performance in the SJFT and poor strength and power.

O esporte universitário apresenta diferenças em nível de treinamento e formas de disputa em comparação ao profissional. O handebol universitário brasileiro é uma modalidade coletiva com longo histórico de disputa, com participação em torneios de nível nacional desde o início da década de 1970. Observamos uma lacuna de estudos de efeitos crônicos de performance para equipes universitárias de handebol. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de uma sistematização de treinamento físico para duas equipes de handebol universitário, sendo uma feminina e outra masculina. Participaram deste estudo jogadores de handebol universitário, sendo oito do sexo masculino (24±4 anos, 91±16 kg, 1,75±0,08 m de estatura), e nove do feminino (22±4,6 anos, 72,8±9,5 kg, 1,75±0,08 m). Os treinamentos, baseados no modelo de cargas distribuídas de força, teve a duração de 19 semanas. Foram aplicados os testes de arremesso de medicine ball 3kg (MB), salto horizontal parado (SH), melhor sprint (MS) e Índice de Fadiga (IF), nas semanas 1, 8 e 16. Os resultados para a equipe feminina foram: a) MB: 3,75±0,30 m, 3,82±0,41 m, e 3,86±0,31 m; b) SH, 1,60±0,20m, 1,65±0,20m, e 1,67±0,20m (p

Abstract Strength training (ST) with blood flow restriction (BFR) is known to promote increases in hypertrophy and strength sometimes similar to traditional ST despite the effects of the arterial BFR on muscle adaptations and safety are not well established. The aim of this study was to assess whether ST with arterial BFR is able to improve muscular adaptations, performance and its safety in Wistar rats. Animals aging 8 weeks were divided in four groups: sedentary sham (S/S), sedentary with arterial BFR (S/BFR), trained sham (T/S), and trained with arterial BFR (T/BFR). Training protocol consisted of four weeks of ST composed by six sets of 10 ladder climbing with 50% of 1 maximal voluntary contraction. Body weight, epididymal fat, maximum loaded weight, manual grip strength, muscular hypertrophy index, systolic blood pressure, enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase, nitrite/nitrate concentration and tumor necrosis factor alpha were analyzed. The BFR rate was between 36% and 38%. T/BRF was effective to promote strength and hypertrophy. T/S is an alternative to improve strength, but it did not promote hypertrophy. Furthermore, we found no significant cardiac and metabolic changes. Thus, T/BFR is able to improve muscle adaptations and performance in rats, without causing cardiovascular and metabolic damage.

Introduction. The objectives of this systematic review were to identify the volleyball external loads values in the literature and to verify the applicability of different means of quantification and monitoring of these variables during training sessions and matches. Material and methods: This systematic review was produced following the PRISMA statement recommendations, and the search for publications was carried out in the databases PubMed/NCBI, SportDiscus via EBSCOhost, SciELO. 12 studies meet the criteria and were included in this review. Results: The most used tool for quantification, monitoring and evaluation of external loads are video recording and manual or semi-automatic counting of jumps and distance covered and, more recently, the use of inertial measurements unit. The middle blocker has the highest high jump load, outside hitters jump closer to the maximum more often and setters have a high demand of medium height jumps. Conclusions: Match and training jump loads seem to be similar, and sessions that involve block or attack have a higher jump load. In professional male volleyball, training is planned with variation in training loads according to the period of the sea-son and according to the days of the week before and after games.

Fisiculturistas são atletas que utilizam métodos drásticos para alcançar seus objetivos, como intensidade de treino elevada associada a estratégias nutricionais de altí­ssima restrição e uso de suplementação exacerbada, que podem comprometer sua saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o consumo de macronutrientes e suplementos durante o perí­odo de pré-contest por fisiculturistas. Foram selecionados atletas de alto rendimento, participantes do 48° Campeonato Brasileiro de Fisiculturismo e Fitness - IFBB 2018, realizado na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, investigando o uso de macronutrientes e suplementação no perí­odo pré-contest do campeonato de fisiculturismo, com isso para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário semi-estruturado. Os participantes somaram 81 fisiculturistas, sendo 54 do sexo masculino e 27 do sexo feminino. O consumo de macronutrientes dos atletas masculinos revelou que a proteí­na foi o macronutriente mais consumido com 51,22%, o carboidrato em segundo com 31,62% e por último os lipí­dios com 17,68%. Já a média do consumo de macronutrientes das atletas femininas, o macronutriente mais consumido também foi a proteí­na com 61,21%, em segundo o carboidrato com 28,71% e por último os lipí­dios com 10,07% de consumo. Relataram utilizar suplementos 91% dos atletas masculinos e 96% das atletas femininas. A partir dos resultados, nota-se que os atletas consumiram macronutrientes e suplementos de forma inadequada que podem acarretar prejuí­zos futuros à saúde, o estudo revela a necessidade de orientação para o uso de macronutrientes e suplementos por fisiculturistas, para evitar prejuí­zos à saúde e manutenção do bom desempenho nas competições.

El análisis del rendimiento está relacionado con la pedagogía del deporte. Las bases teóricas que sustentan las selecciones metodológicas deben estar bien establecidas para que haya una convergencia entre los instrumentos de evaluación y el proceso de enseñanza y entrenamiento. Este ensayo pretende presentar y discutir la importancia y representatividad del análisis de redes sociales para evaluar el rendimiento en los deportes de equipo. El objetivo principal del análisis de redes sociales es estudiar la relación entre los jugadores para identificar las posibles causas y consecuencias de los eventos durante el partido. Así, el análisis de redes sociales es diferente de los análisis tradicionales, en los que el foco principal está en el sujeto, o de los análisis notacionales, que son más utilizados y acumulan la frecuencia de los eventos ocurridos (por ejemplo, los goles marcados, la posesión del balón, las zonas de remate). Esta herramienta de evaluación, posicionada teóricamente en un enfoque ecológico, se muestra eficaz para la identificación de los patrones de interacción en un grupo y la comprensión de los artificios sociales que ayudan a entender el rendimiento de un equipo. Así, los equipos pasan a ser analizados como grupos sociales y no como sujetos aislados. En este ensayo, también se exponen las principales aplicaciones prácticas de esta herramienta de evaluación en diferentes deportes de equipo, como el fútbol, el fútbol sala, el balonmano, el baloncesto y el voleibol.

Herpes Zoster (HZ) presents a considerable public health burden in Italy among people aged ≥50 years. This study aimed to assess the clinical and economic impact of HZ vaccination in the 65 years of age (YOA) cohort in Italy, by comparing the new Adjuvanted Recombinant Zoster Vaccine (RZV) with the currently available Zoster Vaccine Live (ZVL). A static Markov model was developed to follow all 65 YOA subjects from the year of vaccination over their lifetime by comparing three different HZ vaccination strategies: no vaccination, vaccination with ZVL and vaccination with RZV. In the base-case scenario, three 65 YOA cohorts were assumed to be vaccinated within three years, with a vaccine coverage rate of 20%, 35% and 50% at Year 1, 2 and 3 respectively, as recommended by the National Immunization Plan. The three 65 YOA Italian cohorts accounted altogether for 2,290,340 individuals. Of these, it was assumed that 564,178 subjects could be vaccinated with either RZV or ZVL in three years. The vaccination with RZV could prevent an additional total number of 35,834 HZ and 8,131 postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) cases over ZVL, leading to additional total savings of €12.4 million for the national healthcare and social systems. The introduction of RZV can be expected to have higher impact on the burden of HZ disease in the 65 YOA cohort in Italy. The avoided HZ and PHN cases can lead to an associated reduction in economic burden to the healthcare and social systems.

A análise de desempenho é uma disciplina intimamente relacionada à pedagogia do esporte. As bases teóricas que sustentam as escolhas metodológicas devem ser bem estabelecidas para existir uma convergência entre os instrumentos de avaliação e o processo de ensino etreinamento. Este ensaio teórico teve por objetivo apresentar e discutir a importância e representatividade da análise de redes sociais para avaliar o desempenho em esportes coletivos.O principal objetivo da análise de redes sociais é estudar a relação entre os jogadores para identificar possíveis causas e consequências dos eventos ocorridos durante a partida.Sendo assim, a análise de redes sociaistrabalha de forma diferente das análises tradicionais, nas quais o principal foco está no sujeito, ou em análises notacionais que são as mais comumente utilizadas e que buscam a acumulação da frequência dos eventos ocorridos (e.g.golsmarcados, posse de bola, áreasde finalizaçãodas jogadas).Tal instrumento de avaliação, teoricamente posicionado numa abordagem ecológica, mostra-se eficaz para a identificação depadrões de interação num grupo e o entendimento dos artifícios sociais que ajudam a compreender o desempenho em uma equipe. Assim, as equipes passam a ser analisadas como grupos sociais e não como sujeitos isolados. Neste ensaio, também se apresentamasprincipais aplicações práticas desse instrumento de avaliação em diferentes esportes coletivos, tais como o futebol, o futsal, o handebol, o basquetebol e o voleibol.

Cluster analysis is a multivariate data mining technique that is widely used in several areas. It aims to group automatically the n elements of a database into k clusters, using only the information of the variables of each case. However, the accuracy of the final clusters depends on the clustering method used. In this paper, we present an evaluation of the performance of main methods for cluster analysis as Ward, K-means, and Self-Organizing Maps. Differently from many studies published in the area, we generated the datasets using the Design of Experiment (DOE) technique, in order to achieve reliable conclusions about the methods through the generalization of the different possible data structures. We considered the number of variables and clusters, dataset size, sample size, cluster overlapping, and the presence of outliers, as the DOE factors. The datasets were analyzed by each clustering method and the clustering partitions were compared by the Attribute Agreement Analysis, providing invaluable information about the effects of the considered factors individually and about their interactions. The results showed that, the number of clusters, overlapping, and the interaction between sample size and number of variable significantly affect all the studied methods. Moreover, it is possible to state that the methods have similar performances, with a significance level of 5%, and it is not possible to affirm that one outperforms the others.

Abstract Background Despite the large number of studies and reviews available, the evidence regarding the biological determinants of physical activity (PA) is inconclusive. In this umbrella review, we summarized the current evidence on the biological determinants of PA across the life course, by pooling the results of the available systematic literature reviews (SLRs) and meta-analyses (MAs). Methods We conducted an online search on MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases up to January 2018. SLRs and MAs of observational studies that investigated the association between biological determinants of PA and having PA as outcome were considered eligible. The extracted data were assessed based on the importance of the determinants, the strength of evidence, and the methodological quality. Results We identified 19 reviews of which most were of moderate methodological quality. Determinants that were studied most frequently among all ages and demonstrated evidence suggesting a positive association to PA were younger age, being male, higher health status, and higher physical fitness levels. Among adults, normal birth weight was found to be positively associated to PA with convincing strength of evidence, while findings among adolescents were inconsistent and with limited strength of evidence. Conclusions Different social or behavioral factors may contribute to the decrease of PA with age and among females versus males, and creating programmes targeted at diverse ages, female population, and adults with abnormal birth weight is recommended. Future studies should use prospective study designs, standardized definitions of PA, and objective measurement methods of PA assessment.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar a competência em comunicação interpessoal dos estudantes no contexto da graduação em Enfermagem e associar características sociais e traço de ansiedade com a competência em comunicação interpessoal. Método: estudo transversal quantitativo realizado com estudantes do curso de graduação em Enfermagem de duas universidades de ensino superior particulares. Neste estudo foram utilizados três instrumentos: um questionário de caracterização do participante da pesquisa, o componente da escala do Traço do Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE) e a Escala de Competência em Comunicação Interpessoal (ECCI). Resultados: a amostra do estudo foi composta de 613 estudantes com média de idade de 25,53 (±7,93). Quanto maior a renda familiar, maiores tendem a ser a assertividade, o manejo das interações e o controle do ambiente. Quanto mais tempo o estudante estiver no curso, maiores a autorrevelação e o controle do ambiente. As mulheres tendem a se autorrevelar mais e a terem mais disponibilidade nas relações interpessoais. Estudantes do período noturno tendem a ser menos disponíveis do que aqueles que estudam no período matutino. Quanto mais tímido e ansioso o estudante, menor será a competência em comunicação interpessoal. Conclusões: existe associação da renda com a assertividade, manejo das interações e controle do ambiente; do semestre com a autorrevelação e com o controle do ambiente; do sexo com a disponibilidade e autorrevelação; do período em que o aluno realiza o curso e a disponibilidade. Timidez e ansiedade mostraram-se variáveis negativas em relação à competência em comunicação interpessoal.

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify blood markers during a 12-week training protocol and after Sao Paulo Marathon. Methods: Blood samples of 9 male marathoners were collected before (C1) and after (C2) 12-week training protocol, before (C3) and after (C4) marathon. Muscle and liver damage markers (creatine kinase [CK-MM], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT]), oxidative stress levels (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) and serum iron concentration were measured. Results: changes were identified comparing moment C4 to other moments for CK-MM and iron. For AST, ALT, and TBARS no differences were identified. Conclusion: strenuous exercises might elicit changes on blood markers, needing follow up strategies to avoid impairments to athletes’ performance and health.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify if structural aspects, previous use of digital technologies, and ways of studying by classroom attendance students interfere with motivation in the use of these technologies in online courses. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out with 713 university students, from May to September 2015, with the use of an evaluation scale for motivational factors regarding the integration of information and communication technologies in education. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis of the data was carried out. Results: Desire to attend online courses interfered with four of the five scale factors. Having a space for studying and the way students reported learning better interfered with intrinsic motivation (p=0.006 and p=0.017, respectively). Conclusion: Predisposition to attend online courses, having an appropriate space to study, and reconciling studies with the use of other websites were positive elements for motivation of students in online courses.

IntroductionStudies report that intense physical activity influences the down-regulation of immune function in athletes as well as the interaction between adipose tissue and the immune system.AimThis study aimed to compare the plasma soluble levels of the immune checkpoint HLA-G (sHLA-G) molecule with the fat mass and muscle mass index among 77 bodybuilders and 64 controls.ResultsThe comparisons of the percentage of body fat (%BF) revealed that the groups of male and female bodybuilders showed a statistically significant reduction in the percentage of body fat when compared to their control group, (P ConclusionOur results showed that in bodybuilders with less body fat, the systemic levels of soluble HLA-G, an immunological molecule with recognized immunosuppressive function, are significantly higher and suggest that this immune mechanism may corroborate the immunosuppressive state in athletes undergoing intense and prolonged physical training.

Abstract Background To date, standardized methods for assessing the disease progression of linear scleroderma of the face (LSF) are lacking. Objectives We investigated whether Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) may represent a reliable tool for assessing linear scleroderma of the face (LSF). Methods Ten patients with LSF and five age-matched controls underwent CBCT assessment. The transverse sections at three anatomic levels of the maxillofacial bones were analyzed. Measurements of soft tissue and total thickness of both affected and unaffected side of the face were made by a standardized methodology. Six raters evaluated CBCTs twice and blindly one from the other. The intra- and inter-rater reliability was assessed by the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Results CBCT was fast and well tolerated by the patients. The inter-rater concordance for the total thickness was excellent, mean ICC 0.75 for patients, 0.89 for controls. The mean ICC for soft tissue thickness was 0.49 for patients, 0.66 for controls. 58.3% of the measurements for patients and 91.2% of those for controls showed excellent ICC results (≥ 0.75). The intra-rater concordance resulted optimal (ICC 0.77–0.99). Conclusions CBCT is a reliable technique to assess skin and bony changes of LSF.

Abstract Objective Regular physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of disease and premature death. Knowing factors associated with PA might help reducing the disease and economic burden caused by low activity. Studies suggest that socio-cultural factors may affect PA, but systematic overviews of findings across the life course are scarce. This umbrella systematic literature review (SLR) summarizes and evaluates available evidence on socio-cultural determinants of PA in children, adolescents, and adults. Methods This manuscript was drafted following the recommendations of the ‘Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses’ (PRISMA) checklist. The MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched for SLRs and meta-analyses (MAs) on observational studies published in English that assessed PA determinants between January 2004 and April 2016. The methodological quality was assessed and relevant information on socio-cultural determinants and any associations with PA was extracted. The available evidence was evaluated based on the importance of potential determinants and the strength of the evidence. Results Twenty SLRs and three MAs encompassing 657 eligible primary studies investigated potential socio-cultural PA determinants, with predominantly moderate methodological quality. Twenty-nine potential PA determinants were identified that were primarily assessed in children and adolescents and investigated the micro-environmental home/household level. We found probable evidence that receiving encouragement from significant others and having a companion for PA were associated with higher PA in children and adolescents, and that parental marital status (living with partner) and experiencing parental modeling were not associated with PA in children. Evidence for the other potential determinants was limited, suggestive, or non-conclusive. In adults, quantitative and conclusive data were scarce. Conclusions A substantial number of SLRs and MAs investigating potential socio-cultural determinants of PA were identified. Our data suggest that receiving social support from significant others may increase PA levels in children and adolescents, whereas parental marital status is not a determinant in children. Evidence for other potential determinants was limited. This was mainly due to inconsistencies in results on potential socio-cultural determinants of PA across reviews and studies. Trial registrations This umbrella SLR was recorded on PROSPERO (Record ID: CRD42015010616 ).

Abstract Background Low levels of physical activity (PA) are a global concern and increasing PA engagement is becoming a priority in current public health policies. Despite the large number of studies and reviews available, the evidence regarding the behavioral determinants of PA is still inconclusive. Thus, the aim of this umbrella systematic literature review (SLR) was to summarize the evidence on the behavioral determinants of PA across the life course. Methods A systematic online search was conducted on MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases. The search was limited to studies published in English from January, 2004 to April, 2016. SLRs and meta-analyses (MAs) of observational studies that investigated the behavioral determinants of PA were considered eligible. The extracted data were assessed based on the importance of the determinants, the strength of evidence, and the methodological quality. The full protocol is available from PROSPERO (PROSPERO 2014:CRD42015010616). Results Seventeen reviews on 35 behavioral determinants of PA were eligible for this umbrella SLR. Regardless of age, the most investigated determinants were those related with ‘screen use’ and ‘smoking’. For youth, probable positive evidence emerged for ‘previous PA’ and ‘independent mobility and active transport’ among children and adolescents. For the adult population, ‘transition to university’ and ‘pregnancy/having a child’ showed probable negative associations. Conclusions Although the majority of the evidence was limited and most of the determinants were not associated with PA, this umbrella SLR provided a comprehensive overview of the associations between behavioral determinants and PA. Youth should be physically active in the early years and increase active transportation to/from school, independent mobility, and ‘free-range activities’ without adult supervision, whilst adult PA behaviors are mostly influenced by the life events. Finally, more research is needed that incorporates prospective study designs, standardized definitions of PA, objective measurement methods of PA assessment, and the use of interactionist and mediational approaches for the evaluation of different behavioral determinants influencing PA behaviors.

Objective: to evaluate whether the socioeconomic characteristics of health area students affect motivation in the use of Digital Information and Communication Technologies. Method: an analytical study was carried out in 2015 with 713 undergraduate students of the health area. The Scale of Evaluation of Motivation Factors with regard to the Integration of Information and Communication Technologies into Teaching was applied in a teaching institution of the metropolitan region of São Paulo. Results: the Demotivation factor was significant among students with stable partners. Lower family income positively affected the External Control and Internal Control factors. The initial semesters of the courses presented higher means in external control, internal control, control by identification and intrinsic motivation. Conclusion: the knowledge of the relationship between the socioeconomic characteristics and the motivation factors of students in distance education disciplines contributes to the planning of personalized and contextualized approaches in higher education.

Objetiva-se identifi car a satisfação dos profi ssionais da equipe de enfermagem com a imagem corporal, e avaliar se as características pessoais, profi ssionais e a necessidade do uso de adornos durante a jornada de trabalho interferem na satisfação com a imagem corporal. Estudo transversal quantitativo realizado com enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem por meio da Escala de Avaliação da Satisfação com a Imagem Corporal. A amostra foi de 182 profi ssionais, sendo 92,3% (n=168) mulheres, a idade média foi 32,74 anos (±8,3). O escore médio total foi de 83,8 (±14,1). Houve diferenças estatisticamente signifi cativas na comparação dos escores na subescala “Preocupação com o Peso” com as variáveis sexo (p=0,03) e estado civil (p=0,02). Concluí-se que a equipe de enfermagem referiu estar, em geral, moderadamente satisfeita com a imagem corporal. A preocupação com o peso foi maior nos indivíduos solteiros e do sexo masculino. Palavras-chave: Imagem Corporal; Autoimagem; Cuidados de Enfermagem; Enfermagem. AbsTRAcT The aim is to identify the satisfaction of the nursing staff professionals with their body image and to assess whether the personal, professional characteristics and need to use adornments during working hours interfere with satisfaction with body image. A cross-sectional quantitative study carried out with nurses, technicians and nursing assistants using the Body Image Satisfaction Scale. The study was composed of 182 professionals, 92.3% (n=168) female, with an average age of 32.74 years (±8.3). The average total score was 83.8 (±14.1). There were statistically signifi cant differences when comparing the scores on the subscale “Worry with Weight” with the gender (p=0.03) and marital status (p=0.02). It concludes that nursing staff reported being moderately satisfi ed with their body image in general. The worry with weight was higher between the singles and males. Keywords: Body Image; Self Concept; Nursing Care; Nursing.

ABSTRACT Aims: to evaluate gender, age, undergraduate year, and grades affecting the quality of their interpersonal relationships of nursing students. Method: Cross-sectional quantitative study. We used characterization questionnaire and the Interpersonal Relationships Inventory - friendly version. Results: The sample was of 184 nursing students with an average age of 23.4 years old (± 5.3). There was a statistically significant difference in the sex comparison with the Support factor (p-value = 0.01) and with the Depth factor (p-value = 0.02). Conclusions: Scholar grades affecting the choice of friendships since most of them were due to similarity and did not interfere in the quality of relationships. The year in undergraduate program did not affect the quality of relationships.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi aplicar e avaliar a eficácia de uma sistematização de ensino do futebol centrada no uso de jogos sobre o conhecimento tático processual de jovens jogadores. Participaram 16 voluntários alunos de uma escola de futebol vinculada a um clube de futebol profissional do interior do estado de São Paulo – Brasil. Para tal, os voluntários foram submetidos a 37 aulas organizadas em três diferentes módulos, com conteúdos específicos. A análise quanto à evolução do aprendizado dos participantes foi baseada no sistema de avaliação tática denominado FUT-SAT. Este instrumento considera a ação tática realizada, a localização da ocorrência, assim como seu resultado prático, gerando um Índice de Performance Tática (IPT) e um Número de Ações Táticas (NAT) para cada jogador analisado. Para avaliar e comparar o desenvolvimento do aprendizado tático dos participantes foram realizadas quatro avaliações, uma pré-intervenção (1ª), uma pós-intervenção (4ª) e duas intermediárias (2ª e 3ª). A 2ª e a 3ª avaliações foram realizadas após a última aula do Módulo 1 e 2 respectivamente. Ao comparar os valores médios dos IPTs ofensivos, defensivos e do jogo obtidos na 1ª avaliação, nomeada pré-intervenção, com os valores da 4ª avaliação, ou pós-intervenção, observou-se um aumento significante (p ≤ 0,05). Face ao exposto, a sistematização de ensino proposta neste estudo oportunizou um desenvolvimento significante na aprendizagem tática dos jogadores participantes.

Abstract Background A large proportion of European children, adults and older adults do not engage in sufficient physical activity (PA). Understanding individual and contextual factors associated with PA behaviours is essential for the identification and implementation of effective preventative environments, policies, and programmes that can promote an active lifestyle across life course and can potentially improve health. The current paper intends to provide 1) a multi-disciplinary, Pan-European and life course view of key determinants of PA behaviours and 2) a proposal of how these factors may cluster. Methods After gathering a list of 183 potential PA behaviours-associated factors and a consensus meeting to unify/consolidate terminology, a concept mapping software was used to collate European experts’ views of 106 identified factors for youth (

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as variáveis antropométricas, maturação biológica e as características técnicas de jovens futebolistas. 151 jogadores das categorias de base foram avaliados para estatura, massa corporal e dobras cutâneas, Pico de Velocidade de Crescimento (PVC) e testes específicos. Foram encontradas diferenças de sub-09 à sub-13 para % de gordura, e sub-09 a sub-14 para estatura, massa corporal, massa gorda e passe à parede. O PVC foi diferente entre as categorias sub-09 a sub-16. Ademais, diferenças foram encontradas entre o sub-09 a sub-13 para condução de bola, e sub-09 a sub-15 no controle de bola. Conclui-se que a antropometria, a maturação biológica e a habilidade técnica podem ser influenciadas pelo crescimento e desenvolvimento inerentes à infância e adolescência.

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify the effects of 22 weeks of training on functional markers and match performance through the use of earned points in competition. Twenty male soccer players were submitted to the same group of tests in four moments of the periodization: before the preparatory stage (T0); after the preparatory stage (T1); after the competitive stage I (T2); after the competitive stage II (T3). The functional markers were measured using the vertical and horizontal jump, T-40; Shuttle Run Test and RAST. The match performance was obtained by earned points in competition. An increase were found for all the variables analyzed for functional markers when T0 was compared with T3. In relation to the match performance, the team obtained 83.33% success in competitive stages. It is possible to conclude that training plan was efficient to improve technical-tactical skills and physical fitness of the studied athletes.

Resumo Com o objetivo de verificar a dinâmica de marcadores de lesões musculares e da resposta inflamatória aguda produzidas pelo treinamento e por uma prova de meio ironman em atletas de triathlon durante 12 semanas de treinamento, no presente estudo foram avaliadas as alterações musculares e inflamatórias produzidas pelo treinamento e por um meio-ironman em 12 atletas. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas no início do programa de treinamento (M-1), após 10 semanas de preparação (M-2) e após a competição (M-3). Foram avaliadas as atividades da creatina quinase (CK), lactato desidrogenase (LDH), concentração de IL-6, IL-10, proteína C reativa (PCR) e cortisol (C). Foram detectados aumentos em M-3 para a CK (M-1 = 22,25 ± 36,08 UI/L, M-2 = 20,80 ± 42,82 e M-3 = 234,5 ± 135,59 UI/L), LDH (41,71 ± 18,98 U/L, 19,87 ± 16,17 e 191 ± 102,47), PCR (8,42 ± 4,13 mg/L, 5,77 ± 3,54 e 7,62 ± 4,87), IL-6 (77,09 ± 27,86 pg/mL, 93,39 ± 65,2 e 228,48 ± 97,61), IL-10 (88,49 ± 26,36 pg/mL, 89,56 ± 37,99 e 193,31 ± 92,77) e C (14,6 ± 5,92 µg/mL, 23,96 ± 6,44 e 37,47 ± 3,58). A partir desses resultados, conclui-se que os atletas apresentaram aumento dos indicadores de lesões musculares e inflamação apenas após a competição, o que ilustra o efeito agudo dessa prova sobre o organismo desses atletas.

Resumo Objetivo: Relacionar a sensação de falta de adornos com a satisfação da imagem corporal e o autoconceito profissional dos membros da equipe de enfermagem. Métodos: Estudo analítico quantitativo. Profissionais da equipe de enfermagem (n = 46) responderam a Escala de Autoconceito Profissional, a Escala de Avaliação da Satisfação da Imagem Corporal e um questionário de caracterização. Resultados: O escore médio total da Escala de Autoconceito Profissional foi de 111,6 (± 13,3) e da Escala Avaliação da Satisfação com a Imagem Corporal foi de 81,6 (± 14,1). Houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas na comparação da sensação de falta de adornos nas dimensões Realização (valor de p = 0,0074), Autoconfiança (valor de p = 0,0386) e Saúde (valor de p = 0,0109) da Escala Autoconceito Profissional. Conclusão: Indivíduos mais realizados, mais autoconfiantes, que mais percebem a influencia do trabalho na própria saúde e mais satisfeitos com a aparência não sentiram falta de adornos no ambiente hospitalar.

Objetivos: identificar a satisfação acadêmica de enfermeiros assistenciais e associar características sociodemográficas, educacionais e profissionais do enfermeiro com a sua satisfação acadêmica. Método: estudo analítico transversal realizado com enfermeiros. Foram utilizados dois questionários: escala de satisfação com a experiência acadêmica de estudantes do ensino superior; e um questionário de caracterização. Resultados: a amostra do estudo foi constituída de 397 enfermeiros. Encontrou-se associações estatisticamente significativas nas dimensões Satisfação com o Curso e Oportunidade de Desenvolvimento com as variáveis sexo (pDescritores: Enfermagem. Satisfação pessoal. Educação em enfermagem.IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT IN NURSES’ ACADEMIC SATISFACTIONAbstractObjectives: identify the academic satisfaction of clinical nurses and associate the nurses’ sociodemographic, educational and professional characteristics with their academic satisfaction. Method: cross-sectional analytic study involving nurses. Two questionnaires were used: Scale of Higher Education Students’ Satisfaction with Academic Experience; and a characterization questionnaire. Results: the study sample consisted of 397 nurses. Statistically significant associations between the dimensions Satisfaction with the Course and Development Opportunity and the variables sex (pDescriptors: Nursing. Personal satisfaction. Education, Nursing.IMPORTANCIA DE OPORTUNIDADES DE DESARROLLO Y APOYO INSTITUCIONAL EN LA SATISFACCIÓN ACADÉMICA DE ENFERMEROSObjetivos: identificar la satisfacción académica de enfermeros asistenciales y asociar características sociodemográficas, educativas y profesionales del enfermero con su satisfacción académica. Método: estudio analítico transversal, com enfermeros. Se utilizaron dos cuestionarios: escala de satisfacción con la experiencia académica de estudiantes de enseñanza superior; y cuestionario de caracterización. Resultados: muestra del estudio constituida de 397 enfermeros. Hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa en las dimensiones Satisfacción con el Curso y Oportunidad de Desarrollo con las variables sexo (pDescriptores: Enfermería. Satisfacción personal. Educación en enfermería.

Abstract Objectives: To design an educational game for the guidance of pregnant women regarding their rights and good practices in the birth process and to validate the content of the textual information and images of the game with the collaboration of judges. Method: This was a methodological, quantitative study. The validation of the content was carried out by 10 judges. Results: Of the 44 cards, only two were questioned and did not achieve 90% agreement, the image of card number 2 (p = 0.01) and the content of card number 9 (p = 0.01). Conclusion: The construction and validation of the content of the game proved to be adequate and feasible for guiding and preparing pregnant women regarding good care practices in the birth process.

To date, the scientific literature on socioeconomic correlates and determinants of physical activity behaviours has been dispersed throughout a number of systematic reviews, often focusing on one factor (e.g. education or parental income) in one specific age group (e.g. pre-school children or adults). The aim of this umbrella review is to provide a comprehensive and systematic overview of the scientific literature from previously conducted research by summarising and synthesising the importance and strength of the evidence related to socioeconomic correlates and determinants of PA behaviours across the life course.Medline, Embase, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus were searched for systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies investigating the association between socioeconomic determinants of PA and PA itself (from January 2004 to September 2017). Data extraction evaluated the importance of determinants, strength of evidence, and methodological quality of the selected papers. The full protocol is available from PROSPERO (PROSPERO2014:CRD42015010616).Nineteen reviews were included. Moderate methodological quality emerged. For adults, convincing evidence supports a relationship between PA and socioeconomic status (SES), especially in relation to leisure time (positive relationship) and occupational PA (negative relationship). Conversely, no association between PA and SES or parental SES was found for pre-school, school-aged children and adolescents.Available evidence on the socioeconomic determinants of PA behaviour across the life course is probable (shows fairly consistent associations) at best. While some evidence is available for adults, less was available for youth. This is mainly due to a limited quantity of primary studies, weak research designs and lack of accuracy in the PA and SES assessment methods employed. Further PA domain specific studies using longitudinal design and clear measures of SES and PA assessment are required.

OBJECTIVES:1) To identify the patient's perception of invasion of territorial and personal space and 2) to evaluate whether personal characteristics, housing conditions and characteristics of the hospital unit affect this perception. METHODS:Analytical, cross-sectional and quantitative study. An adapted version of the "Anxiety Due to Territory and Space Intrusion Questionnaire" was applied with patients hospitalized in the internal medicine and maternity wards and in the ward for patients with private health insurance of a university hospital in the state of São Paulo. RESULTS:The sample consisted of 300 patients. The mean total score of the questionnaire administered was 143.58 (SD = 18.88). The mean subscale scores for territorial space and personal space invasion were 89.10 (SD = 15.29) and 54.48 (SD = 10.58), respectively. The invasion of territorial space differed significantly between patients with and without children (p = 0.02) and for the number of people living in the residence (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Attitudes of the nursing staff, such as touching the patient's possessions without permission and exposing the patient, caused discomfort and violated patient privacy. Patients who were lonelier and had more privacy at home perceived greater invasion of their territorial space by the nursing professionals.

ABSTRACT Aim The main aim of this study was to identify the effects of match location, quality of opponents and match status on possession during the 2015/16 Season of England Premier League. Methods Three hundred and eighty matches played by 20 teams were analysed. For each match, two values were recorded, resulting in 760 observations. Results Teams who played at home (51.77 ± 10.22%) presented higher possession values (EF=moderate) than those who played away (48.21 ± 10.30%). Quality of opponents also had a significant difference, as possession was higher (EF=large) when teams played against weak (52.30 ± 9.77%) than strong opponents (46.48 ± 10.38%). The multivariate analysis revealed no interaction between situational variables and possession (p = 0.76). Despite the teams classified as “best-ranking” (1st to 8th position: 50.60 ± 10.35%) presented greater possession (EF=moderate) than “worst-ranking” (9st to 20th position: 47.59 ± 9.74%), no significant differences were found in the comparisons of match status (winner [50.34 ± 10.48%] x drawer [49.95 ± 10.25%] x loser [49.68 ± 10.48%]). Conclusion General interpretations should be viewed with caution, since this possession can represent an indicator of success for a team but not for others.

AbstractThe aim of the study was to verify the hydration status and the kidney function in marathoners during the training season and after a marathon race. Nine male runners were investigated during 12 weeks of training. Urine was collected in four moments; in the beginning (C1) and during (C2) the training program, before (C3) and after (C4) the competition. Urine pH was measured using reagent tapes, urine density with a refractometer, protein excretion by Bradford assay and erythrocytes and leucocytes by microscopy. Changes were observed when C-4 was compared to the other collection times for all variables investigated. It is possible to conclude that physical exertion induced important changes in the hydration status and glomerular membrane selectivity to macromolecules, modifying the kidney function of the marathoners in C4.

Abstract Objectives: To assess the spirituality of nurses and relate it to personal characteristics, sector of activity, and spiritual practices; to analyze the influence of spirituality of nurses in the record of a "spiritual suffering" diagnosis. Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional study, using the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Instrument-Spirituality, Religion and Personal Beliefs Module (WHOQOL-SRPB). Results: 132 nurses were included and most of them were women (81.8%), married (56.8%), with an average age of 34 years (± 6.8). Most nurses believe in God or in a superior force (99.2%) and have never recorded a "spiritual suffering" diagnosis (78.8%). There was no association of spirituality with the sector of activity; the variable "marital status" was significant in six out of the eight factors of spirituality, and the variable "willingness to talk about spirituality" was significant in seven out of the eight factors. Conclusion: The spirituality of nurses does not interfere with the recording of a "spiritual suffering" diagnosis.