292 results on '"P.K. Singh"'
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2. Stable lead free perovskite solar cells based on bismuth doped perovskite materials
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Thejakhrielie Ngulezhu, Aliyu Sani Abdulkarim, Suneyana Rawat, Ram Chandra Singh, P.K. Singh, Diksha Singh, Karol Strzałkowski, and Monika Srivastava
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Bismuth based perovskite solar cells ,HTMs ,Efficiency ,Stable ,Lead free ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The inclusion of lead in the Champion perovskite material MAPbI3 is a detrimental factor in the commercialization of lead based perovskite solar cells. This is mainly due to the toxicity of lead and also due to degradation of MAPbI3 in ambient condition into hazardous chemicals which are toxic to the environment [1]. Due to these factors, though the Hybrid Organic Inorganic Lead based PSCs exhibit excellent photovoltaic effect and photo conversion efficiency (PCE), yet numerous theoretical and experimental studies have been done to replace lead with suitable elements such as Sn, Ge, Bi etc. This research work focusses on replacing Pb from MAPbI3, with different wt% of Bi such as 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% and analyzing its effect on the stability and efficiency of the PSC. These solutions of Bi doped perovskite are coated on the FTOs and are fabricated under room ambient condition in the sandwich structure. The results exhibit lower efficiency of Bismuth doped PSCs but it shows remarkable stability comparable to that of MAPbI3.
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- 2024
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3. Optimisation of rice straw and acacia biochar doses in two soils for phosphorus availability
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R. K. Gupta, Monika Vashisht, Anjali Sidhu, R.K. Naresh, Nitish Dhingra, Mehra S. Sidhu, Manzer H. Siddiqui, Saud Alamri, P.K. Singh, and Md Atikur Rahman
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acacia biochar ,farmwaste management ,phosphorus sorption ,rice straw biochar ,soil ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Biochar (BC) is a soil fertility enhancer, regarded as a potential carbon sequester and nutrient leaching preventer. Various studies have shown better phosphorus (P) availability with adding biochar. However, limited reporting is available on absorption–desorption behaviour of added P and dose optimisation of biochar. Rice straw biochar (RSB) and acacia biochar (ACB), prepared by slow pyrolysis at optimised temperature and pyrolysis time, were incubated at different rates (0, 5, and 10 g kg−1) in loamy sand and clay loam soils to study P sorption compared to the unamended control. The data was observed to be best fitted into Langmuir adsorption isotherm for P adsorption. The effects on maximum P adsorption, bonding energy, and adsorption rate constants were lower in loamy sand compared to clay loam soil. The values of maximum P desorption (Dm) and desorption rate constant (Kd) decreased with the application of biochar. A linear regression equation optimised the amount of P addition for soil amendments. For the soil with inherent P content, rice biochar was the best option (5 g kg−1), while for soils lacking in P, ACB is optimised at 5 g kg−1 with external P input of 1 mg P kg−1 of test soil. This data can be recommended to the farmers as a best practice for the P addition, along with managing farm wastes as biochars to enhance nutrient availability.
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- 2023
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4. Erratum: Electrıc Fıeld Enhancement by Gold Nano-Sphere and Its Clusters [East European Journal of Physics, 2, 388-393 (2024)]
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P.K. Kushwaha, K.Y. Singh, H.S. Mahor, P.K. Singh, Ravish Sharma, and K.D. Sharma
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electric field ,clusters ,nano sphere ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
The purpose of this Erratum is to correct a misprint presented in the original article.
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- 2024
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5. Extricating hydrogeochemical evolution of geothermal fluids of an unexplored section in North-Eastern Himalayas, Arunachal geothermal province, India
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Archisman Dutta, Ram Jivan Singh, Sampriti Debnath, Parashar Mishra, Ramesh Kumar Gupta, P.K. Singh, and Biswajit Ray
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North-eastern Arunachal Himalaya ,Thermal spring ,Hydrogeochemistry ,Multivariate statistical analysis ,PHREEQC ,Human health risk ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
The thermal springs of the study area are situated in North-eastern Arunachal Himalayas, India along Subansiri and Siang River valleys with surface temperature ranging between 20 and 57 °C. The pH of thermal springs varies from 7.69 to 9.31, indicating near neutral to alkaline nature of thermal and non-thermal waters. The major geochemical processes influencing hydrochemistry are demonstrated using conventional graphical plots, geochemical modelling by PHREEQC and multivariate statistical analysis. The thermal waters of Chetu and Taksing in Subansiri valley are primarily Na–Cl and Na–HCO3 type, while, thermal water of Yangte in Siang valley is also mixed water-type and others of Ca–Mg–HCO3 type. The geochemically distinct type of waters is obvious from dendrogram derived from hierarchical cluster analysis. Quartz geothermometer predicts reservoir temperatures of thermal springs of 88 ± 13 °C; while, Na–K Giggenbach geothermometer predicts 182 °C and 176 °C for Chetu and Taksing hot springs. Thermal waters are immature and highly prone to mixing with meteoric waters as evident from enthalpy-chloride modelling. Evaporite dissolution, silicate weathering and ion exchange processes are found to contribute to total ion budget in geothermal waters. The saturation indices studies depict oversaturation of all thermal waters with calcite and dolomite. Considering all geochemical features, a conceptual hydrological model resembling geomorphology and origin of thermal springs of North-Eastern Arunachal Himalaya has been proposed. The thermal waters of Subansiri valley display very high Sr and F− content which prohibit them from drinking and utilization purposes. High concentration of toxic elements is addressed to geogenic causes over anthropogenic contributions due to lesser accessibilities at hot spring spots.
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- 2023
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6. Optimization of virtual water flows in agriculture by changing cropping patterns using an integrated approach
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Mukesh Kumar Mehla, Mahesh Kothari, P.K. Singh, S.R. Bhakar, and K.K. Yadav
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Water footprint ,Optimizing cropping patterns ,Cropping patterns ,Sustainable agriculture and water scarcity ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Utilizing available water resources efficiently is crucial to address both our present and future requirements and plays a vital role in safeguarding food security. This current investigation deals with assessment and optimizing water footprint (WF) and virtual water flow (VWF) for primary crops in Banas River Basin (BRB) using AquaCrop model with local datasets and district-level estimates. VWF in the basins were estimated by multiplying the WF of crops with the amount exported/imported, which is determined based on the difference between production and consumption in the basin. The possibility of changing the cropping patterns was evaluated for the potential reduction of the blue WF. Annual WF from primary crops in the basin amounts to 19,255 MCM/yr (70 % green, 21 % blue and 10 % grey WF, respectively). Banas basin is a net exporter of agriculture commodities with nearly 7391 MCM/yr of water flowing out of the basin due to agricultural exports of which approximately 265 MCM/yr is virtual blue water outflow. Crops having low economic water productivity of blue water are being grown in vast areas resulting in a high blue WF. The optimizing the cropping pattern can result in a 5–42 % lower blue water footprint with 11–39 % higher economic output under different scenarios with and without considering the consumption needs. Changing the cropping pattern and making trade plan to optimize the crop import/exports can be viable option for tackling the blue water scarcity issues in the basin. WF can be managed sustainably by improving water resource allocation for better economic, social, and environmental productivity and going for less aggressive agricultural production.
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- 2023
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7. Palm olein and perilla seed oil blends for the improvement of nutritional and thermal stability
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A. Dhyani, R. Chopra, P.K. Singh, and M. Garg
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α-Linolenic acid ,Blending ,Perilla seed oil ,Thermal stability ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
This study aimed to develop a healthy blended oil with a balanced fatty acid ratio, as well as high thermal and oxidative stability. The blending of highly saturated Palm olein (PO) with polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich (PUFA) Perilla seed oil (PeO) in two different proportions, 70:30 (B1) and 80:20 (B2) v/v was studied. The physicochemical parameters, fatty acid composition, and oxidative stability of cold-pressed perilla seed oil (PeO), palm olein, and their blends were analyzed. The blends presented higher oxidative stability (6.5 h) with enhanced α-linolenic acid content (18%) than pure oils. The fatty acid ratio in both blend (B1- 1:1.4:1 and B2- 1.5:1.5:1) was found close to the WHO recommended ratio i.e., 1:1-5:1. The evaluation of the thermal stability of the blended oils revealed that PeO oxidized quickly during heating (Peroxide value-15.16 meq O2/kg); whereas thermal stability improved with blending (Peroxide value: B1-7.92 and B2- 7.69 meq O2/kg).
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- 2023
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8. Investigation of trends in basin-scale temperature variables
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Harsh Upadhyay, P.K. Singh, M. Kothari, S.R. Bhakar, and K.K. Yadav
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Autocorrelation ,Climate change ,Mann-Kendall test ,Temperature ,Trend analysis ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
This research paper presents an analysis of temperature variables over the West Banas basin in order to detect the presence of underlying trends employing historical temperature data for three points viz., Abu Road, Mount Abu and Pindwara obtained for a period of 40 years (1981 – 2020) from MERRA-2 database. The study aims to investigate the long-term changes in temperature trends and identify any significant patterns or anomalies in mean, maximum and minimum temperatures at monthly, seasonal and annual timescales at the three locations amounting to a total of 162 series. The trends were evaluated using the Mann-Kendall test, a popular and powerful statistical technique formulated for analysing abnormal distributions. Prior to the application of the trend test, autocorrelated time series were identified and the trend test was modified using a variance correction approach to incorporate the influence of autocorrelations upon the resultant trends. The findings of autocorrelation analysis revealed that 11 of the 162 series were autocorrelated, a majority of which were associated with the temperature series at Abu Road. The results of the trend test showed that 27 out of the 162 series possessed significant trends with the mean and maximum monsoon temperatures in most of the series exhibiting a reducing trend while the minimum temperature appeared to be rising. Overall, the research highlights the importance of monitoring temperature trends, particularly in regions that may be more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The findings of this study can inform future climate adaptation strategies and support decision-making processes aimed at mitigating the effects of global warming on the natural and built environment.
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- 2023
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9. Prediction of fatigue crack initiation life in SA312 Type 304LN austenitic stainless steel straight pipes with notch
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A. Ramachandra Murthy, S. Vishnuvardhan, K.V. Anjusha, P. Gandhi, and P.K. Singh
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Fatigue ,Crack initiation life ,Crack initiation models ,Piping components ,SA312 Type 304LN stainless Steel ,Nuclear engineering. Atomic power ,TK9001-9401 - Abstract
In the nuclear power plants, stainless steel is widely used for fabrication of various components such as piping and pipe fittings. These piping components are subjected to cyclic loading due to start up and shut down of the nuclear power plants. The application of cyclic loading may lead to initiation of crack at stress raiser locations such as nozzle to piping connection, crown of piping bends etc. of the piping system. Crack initiation can also take place from the flaws which have gone unnoticed during manufacturing. Therefore, prediction of crack initiation life would help in decision making with respect to plant operational life. The primary objective of the present study is to compile various analytical models to predict the crack initiation life of the pipes with notch. Here notch simulates the stress raisers in the piping system. As a part of the study, Coffin-Manson equations have been benchmarked to predict the crack initiation life of pipe with notch. Analytical models proposed by Zheng et al. [1], Singh et al. [2], Yang Dong et al. [25], Masayuki et al. [33] and Liu et al. [3] were compiled to predict the crack initiation life of SA312 Type 304LN stainless steel pipe with notch under fatigue loading. Tensile and low cycle fatigue properties were evaluated for the same lot of SA312 Type 304LN stainless steel as that of pipe test. The predicted crack initiation lives by different models were compared with the experimental results of three pipes under different frequencies and loading conditions. It was observed that the predicted crack initiation life is in very good agreement with experimental results with maximum difference of ±10.0%.
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- 2022
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10. Analysis of groundwater level trend in Jakham River Basin of Southern Rajasthan
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Vinay Kumar Gautam, Mahesh Kothari, P.K. Singh, S.R. Bhakar, and K.K. Yadav
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groundwater ,trend analysis ,rainfall ,kendal tau ,slope ,p value ,recharge ,pre- and post-monsoon ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 ,Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction ,TA703-712 - Abstract
Groundwater accounts for about half of the water use for irrigation in India. The fluctuation pattern of the groundwater level is examined by observing rainfall replenishment and monitoring wells. The southern part of Rajasthan has experienced abrupt changes in rainfall and has been highly dependent on groundwater over decades. This study presents the impact of over-dependence on groundwater usage for irrigation and other purposes, spatially and temporally. Hence, the objective of this study is to examine the groundwater level trend by using statistical analysis and geospatial technique. Rainfall factor was also studied in groundwater level fluctuation during 2009-2019. To analyze the influence of each well during recharge or withdrawal of groundwater, thiessien polygonswere generated from them. In the Jakham River basin, 75 wells have been identified for water level trend study using the Mann-Kendall statistical test. The statistics of trend analysis show that 15% wells are experiencing water level decline in pre-monsoon, while very low percentage of wells have such trend during post-monsoon season. The average rate of water level decline is 0.245 m/a in pre-monsoon and 0.05 m/a in post-monsoon. The aquifer recharge potential is also decreasing by year.it is expected that such type of studies will help the policy makers to adopt advanced management practices to ensure sustainable groundwater resource management.
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- 2022
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11. Two new records of Riccia L. (Ricciaceae) for the Eastern Himalaya Bryogeographical Region of India
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Naorem Premita Devi, S.D. Yumkham, and P.K. Singh
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Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
The Eastern Himalaya Bryogeographical Region is recognized as one of the richest areas for bryoflora in India. It comprises the eight North Eastern States (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura), Darjeeling, and the Hills of the West Bengal. In the present article, the occurrence of Riccia curtisii (Austin) Austin and Riccia pathankotensis Kashyap of Ricciaceae is reported for the first time for the Eastern Himalaya region from the state Manipur. Detailed descriptions and photographs of the two newly recorded species of Riccia L. are provided to facilitate easy identification. A key to species of the nine Riccia species found in Manipur is also incorporated. Keywords: Riccia, New record, Eastern Himalaya, Manipur
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- 2019
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12. Pan evaporation and sensor based approaches of irrigation scheduling for crop water requirement, growth and yield of okra
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VIKAS SHARMA, P.K. SINGH, S.R. BHAKAR, K.K. YADAV, S.S. LAKHAWAT, and MANJEET SINGH
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Pan evaporation ,crop coefficient ,irrigation scheduling ,water use efficiency ,Agriculture - Abstract
The results of this study revealed that the pan evaporation and sensor based irrigation scheduling along with fertigation scheduling significantly affected the plant height, fruit weight, fruit length, crop water requirement, crop yield and water use efficiency of okra crop. The pan evaporation and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) values significantly vary over different stages of okra crop. The maximum and minimum average daily pan evaporation was recorded 8.4 mm day-1 and 4.5 mm day-1 at mid stage and late stage of okra crop respectively while, the maximum average daily ETc was recorded 7 mm day-1 at mid stage of okra crop. A approach of irrigation scheduling with 100 per cent field capacity, based on soil moisture sensor under automated drip irrigation system along with 100 per cent RDF through fertigation in equal splits at 4 day intervalor 80 % per cent of volume of crop water requirement based on pan evaporation under automated drip irrigation along with 100 per cent RDF through fertigation in equal splits at 2 day interval, can be used for irrigating okra crop with significant water saving, crop yield and water use efficiency under limited availability of daily weather datain climatic condition of Udaipur district of Rajasthan.
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- 2021
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13. Opportunities and constraints in hydroponic crop production systems: A review
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Sunil Kumar, Manjeet Singh, K.K. Yadav, and P.K. Singh
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Ebb flow system ,EC and pH management ,Hydroponics ,NFT system ,Wick system ,Water Use Efficiency ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Hydroponic crops can be grown using a variety of media and production systems (NFT system, wick system, drip system, ebb flow system etc.). EC and pH management are required to successfully handle these hydroponic systems (water quality and nutrient solution maintenance). These hydroponics systems have gained rapid adoption due to disciplined management of their resources and food production. Although the hydroponic system was developed in a closed-loop system, and substrate nutrition increases production, it is not cost-effective to develop this system on big scale. It is critical to design a low-cost hydroponic structure that decreases reliance on human labour and lowers overall startup cost in order to increase the commercialization of hydroponic farms. We need more research to develop more productive and cost-effective organic nutrient solutions and improve hydroponic crop production systems. In this review paper, we will discuss the opportunity and challenges in hydroponic crop production systems.
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- 2021
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14. Assessment of genetic diversity using morphological traits in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]
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Vankat R. Pandey, Praveen Pandey, Rohit Kant and, and P.K. Singh
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pigeonpea [cajanus cajan ( l.) millsp] ,genetic divergence ,clustering pattern. ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
The nature and magnitude of genetic diversity was assessed among 120 genotypes of pigeonpea along with three checks in augmented design during Kharif, 2011-12. The Non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis grouped all the genotypes into twelve distinct non-overlapping clusters indicated existence of high degree of genetic diversity in the materials. The crossings between the members of diverse clusters separated by high inter-cluster distances are likely to throw desirable segregants. In this context, very high inter cluster distances were recorded between cluster VI and XII, cluster V and XII, cluster II and IX, cluster VI and XI, cluster II and VI and cluster V and IX. Considering the mean performance for different characters of genotypes belonging to diverse clusters, the promising genotypes for exploitation as parents in breeding programme were NDAGC 2011-4, NDAGC 2011-42 and NDAGC 2011-2 of cluster II; NDAGC 2011-18, NDAGC 2011-58, NDAGC 2011-34 and NDAGC 2011-27 of cluster V; NDAGC 2011-16, NDAGC 2011-41, NDAGC 2011-88, NDAGC 2011-104 and NDAGC 2011-103 of cluster VI; IC 525504 and Pusa 33 of cluster IX and IC 525456, IC 525408 and IC 525463 of cluster XII. It may be concluded that crosses between diverse genotypes belonging to clusters separated by high inter-cluster distances with desired means are likely to produce transgressive segregants may be advocated for developing high yielding pigeonpea varieties.
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- 2019
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15. GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION AND STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR SUGARCANE GENOTYPES EVALUATED IN MULTI-LOCATION TRIALS
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Sanjeev Kumar, D.K. Pandey, P.K. Singh, and J. Singh
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Agriculture - Abstract
Selection for wider adaptability of sugarcane varieties to specific production environments is often challenged by the occurrence of significant genotype by environment interactions (GEI). Several statistical models have been proposed for exploiting positive GEI and supporting decisions in varietal selection and recommendation for target environments. Additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) model effectively captures the additive and multiplicative components of GEI and provides meaningful interpretation of multi-environment data sets in breeding programs. The objective of this study was to assess the significance and magnitude of GEI effects on cane yield and suggest the exploitation of the positive GEI effects using AMMI biplot analysis. Cane yield data of nine sugarcane genotypes evaluated at seven locations for two crop seasons (2008-09 and 2009-10) across north-west zone of sub tropical India were used for this purpose. AMMI analysis of variance of cane yield (t ha-1) showed that 61.11% of the total sum of squares was attributable to GEI effects indicating high interaction among genotypes and environments. However, 22.34% and 16.05% of the total sum of squares were attributable to environments and genotypes, respectively. The sum of squares of interaction principal component analysis axis –I (IPCA-I) and IPCA-II were significant and cumulatively contributed to 69.40% at 38 df. According to the AMMI biplots, none of the varieties had superior performance in all the environments. However, genotype CoS 767, combining low absolute IPCA-I score with good cane yield, was the overall winner with less variable yields across the environments which was also confirmed by low estimate of AMMI stability value.
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- 2020
16. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria of Curcuma amada (Mango ginger)
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Ajay Kumar, Hariom Verma, Akhilesh Yadav, Waquar Akhtar Ansari, Prem Pratap Singh, Sandeep Kumar Singh, P.K. Singh, and K.D. Pandey
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curcuma amada ,pgpr ,pgp traits ,antimicrobial properties ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
In this study, 31 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Curcuma amada (mango ginger) and their plant growth promotion potential, salinity tolerance, antibiotic sensitivity, antimicrobial properties were evaluated. Eight bacterial strains namely Azotobacter chroococcum KCA1, Pseudomonas fluorescens KCA2, Bacillus subtilis KCA3, Bacillus sp. KCA4, Agrobacterium tumifaciens KCA5, Bacillus cereus KCL7, Pseudomonas putida KCA8 and Paenibacillus sp. KCA9 have been identified on the basis of biochemicals and 16S r RNA gene sequence analysis. All the strains solubilized tri-calcium phosphate and produced IAA, ammonia but only 50% of the strains produced siderophores during PGP traits analysis. Strains KCA8 tolerated maximum NaCl (7%) relative to strain KCA5 (1-2%). The strains were sensitive to the antibiotic chloromphenicol followed by erythromycin and most of these effectively inhibited growth of Escherichia coli, Fusarium solani and Alterneria alternata during antimicrobial properties.
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- 2017
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17. Numerical analysis of surface subsidence in asymmetric parallel highway tunnels
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Ratan Das, P.K. Singh, Ashutosh Kainthola, Suman Panthee, and T.N. Singh
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Twin tunnels ,Numerical analysis ,Stability ,Finite element method (FEM) ,Subsidence ,Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction ,TA703-712 - Abstract
Tunnelling related hazards are very common in the Himalayan terrain and a number of such instances have been reported. Several twin tunnels are being planned for transportation purposes which will require good understanding for prediction of tunnel deformation and surface settlement during the engineering life of the structure. The deformational behaviour, design of sequential excavation and support of any jointed rock mass are challenging during underground construction. We have raised several commonly assumed issues while performing stability analysis of underground opening at shallow depth. For this purpose, Kainchi-mod Nerchowck twin tunnels (Himachal Pradesh, India) are taken for in-depth analysis of the stability of two asymmetric tunnels to address the influence of topography, twin tunnel dimension and geometry. The host rock encountered during excavation is composed mainly of moderately to highly jointed grey sandstone, maroon sandstone and siltstones. In contrast to equidimensional tunnels where the maximum subsidence is observed vertically above the centreline of the tunnel, the result from the present study shows shifting of the maximum subsidence away from the tunnel centreline. The maximum subsidence of 0.99 mm is observed at 4.54 m left to the escape tunnel centreline whereas the maximum subsidence of 3.14 mm is observed at 8.89 m right to the main tunnel centreline. This shifting clearly indicates the influence of undulating topography and in-equidimensional noncircular tunnel.
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- 2017
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18. Mitochondrial superoxide disrupts the metabolic and epigenetic landscape of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes
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C.M. Moshfegh, C.W. Collins, V. Gunda, A. Vasanthakumar, J.Z. Cao, P.K. Singh, L.A. Godley, and Adam J. Case
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
While the role of mitochondrial metabolism in controlling T-lymphocyte activation and function is becoming more clear, the specifics of how mitochondrial redox signaling contributes to T-lymphocyte regulation remains elusive. Here, we examined the global effects of elevated mitochondrial superoxide (O2·-) on T-lymphocyte activation using a novel model of inducible manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) knock-out. Loss of MnSOD led to specific increases in mitochondrial O2·- with no evident changes in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxynitrite (ONOO−), or copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) levels. Unexpectedly, both mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism showed significant reductions in baseline, maximal capacities, and ATP production with increased mitochondrial O2·- levels. MnSOD knock-out T-lymphocytes demonstrated aberrant activation including widespread dysregulation in cytokine production and increased cellular apoptosis. Interestingly, an elevated proliferative signature defined by significant upregulation of cell cycle regulatory genes was also evident in MnSOD knock-out T-lymphocytes, but these cells did not show accelerated proliferative rates. Global disruption in T-lymphocyte DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation was also observed with increased mitochondrial O2·-, which was correlated to alterations in intracellular metabolite pools linked to the methionine cycle. Together, these results demonstrate a mitochondrial redox and metabolic couple that when disrupted may alter cellular processes necessary for proper T-lymphocyte activation. Keywords: Redox, Oxidative stress, Manganese superoxide dismutase, Immune, Adaptive immunity, Cytokines, Proliferation, Apoptosis, Metabolism, Methylation, Hydroxymethylation
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- 2019
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19. Control of rock joint parameters on deformation of tunnel opening
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Suman Panthee, P.K. Singh, Ashutosh Kainthola, and T.N. Singh
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Joint strength ,Joint spacing ,Persistence ,Block size ,Overbreak ,Block fall ,Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction ,TA703-712 - Abstract
Tunneling in complex rock mass conditions is a challenging task, especially in the Himalayan terrain, where a number of unpredicted conditions are reported. Rock joint parameters such as persistence, spacing and shear strength are the factors which significantly modify the working environments in the vicinity of the openings. Therefore, a detailed tunnel stability assessment is critically important based on the field data collection on the excavated tunnel's face. In this context, intact as well as rock mass strength and deformation modulus is obtained from laboratory tests for each rock type encountered in the study area. Finite element method (FEM) is used for stability analysis purpose by parametrically varying rock joint persistence, spacing and shear strength parameters, until the condition of overbreak is reached. Another case of marginally stable condition is also obtained based on the same parameters. The results show that stability of tunnels is highly influenced by these parameters and the size of overbreak is controlled by joint persistence and spacing. Garnetiferous schist and slate characterized using high persistence show the development of large plastic zones but small block size, depending upon joint spacing; whereas low persistence, low spacing and low shear strength in marble and quartzite create rock block fall condition.
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- 2016
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20. Rock fragmentation control in opencast blasting
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P.K. Singh, M.P. Roy, R.K. Paswan, Md. Sarim, Suraj Kumar, and Rakesh Ranjan Jha
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Opencast blast ,Rock fragmentation ,Explosives performance ,Dragline efficiency ,Fragment size ,Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction ,TA703-712 - Abstract
The blasting operation plays a pivotal role in the overall economics of opencast mines. The blasting sub-system affects all the other associated sub-systems, i.e. loading, transport, crushing and milling operations. Fragmentation control through effective blast design and its effect on productivity are the challenging tasks for practicing blasting engineer due to inadequate knowledge of actual explosive energy released in the borehole, varying initiation practice in blast design and its effect on explosive energy release characteristic. This paper describes the result of a systematic study on the impact of blast design parameters on rock fragmentation at three mines in India. The mines use draglines and shovel–dumper combination for removal of overburden. Despite its pivotal role in controlling the overall economics of a mining operation, the expected blasting performance is often judged almost exclusively on the basis of poorly defined parameters such as powder factor and is often qualitative which results in very subjective assessment of blasting performance. Such an approach is very poor substitutes for accurate assessment of explosive and blasting performance. Ninety one blasts were conducted with varying blast designs and charging patterns, and their impacts on the rock fragmentation were documented. A high-speed camera was deployed to record the detonation sequences of the blasts. The efficiency of the loading machines was also correlated with the mean fragment size obtained from the fragmentation analyses.
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- 2016
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21. Single centre experience of post myocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture-device closure
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P.K. Singh, A. Phatarpekar, G. Sabnis, H. Shah, C.P. Lanjewar, and P.G. Kerkar
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Surgery ,RD1-811 ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Published
- 2017
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22. Rock mass assessment along the right bank of river Sutlej, Luhri, Himachal Pradesh, India
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P.K. Singh, Ashutosh Kainthola, and T.N. Singh
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Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Risk in industry. Risk management ,HD61 - Abstract
The study involves the characterization of rock mass along the right bank of river Sutlej, Luhri, Himachal Pradesh. This road connects to several important locations and therefore blockage due to slope failure may cause several problems. Lack of proper geotechnical/geological investigations has led to cutting of the natural hill slopes with improper design. The subsequent road cut slope has made this zone highly vulnerable and a threat to local commuters. The concerned area has varying lithology which are highly jointed and exposed all along the road cuts. The unrestrained slope in this zone is prone to recurrent failures due to high precipitation and seismicity, eventually causing loss of life and property. Therefore, the study helps in understanding the behaviour and mode of failure of the cut slope through geometrical relationship between structural discontinuities and surface topography. Several important parameters were determined to quantify the region based on available and widely used rockmass characterization techniques to develop a proper understanding. This will ultimately help in designing appropriate remedial measures to such vulnerable zones that will prevent further slope failure and resulting damage.
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- 2015
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23. Calibration and validation study of sugarcane (DSSAT- CANEGRO V4.6.1) model over North Indian region
- Author
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A.H.BHENGRA, M.K. YADAV, CHANDRABHAN PATEL, P.K. SINGH, K.K. SINGH, and R.S.SINGH
- Subjects
CANEGRO DSSAT (version 4.6.1)model ,calibration & validation study ,Sugarcane crop ,North India ,Agriculture - Abstract
The DSSAT CANEGRO model was calibrated and validated using field experimental data (1997-2013) from four locations of north Indian region.The genetic coefficients for 10 cultivars of sugarcane were estimated.R2 obtained between measured and simulated stalk yield was 0.69 with the nRMSE (7.50%) and D-index (0.91) and R2 between measured and simulated sucrose mass was 0.57 with the nRMSE (11.75%) and D-index (0.85). The model underestimated both the stalk fresh mass as well as sucrose mass by 2 and 6 per cent only, respectively. Hence,the CANEGRO model can be used to simulate the phenology and yield attributes of sugarcane cultivars of north India particularly of Uttar Pradesh region. The model can also be used to evaluate and improve the present practices of sugarcane crop management to obtain increased cane production and sugar recovery.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Effect of cooking methods on lipid oxidation, microbiological and sensory quality of chicken nuggets under refrigerated storage
- Author
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Ashok K. Pathera, C.S. Riar, Sanjay Yadav, and P.K. Singh
- Subjects
chicken nuggets ,cooking methods ,refrigerated storage ,lipid oxidation ,Agriculture ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of oven, steam and microwave cooking methods on lipid oxidation, microbiological and sensory quality of chicken nuggets. Nuggets were prepared and analyzed at a regular interval of 5 days from day of production to spoilage of products under refrigerated storage. Cooking methods significantly affected the lipid oxidation of nuggets under refrigerated storage. Highest lipid oxidation was reported in microwave cooked nuggets, however cooking methods did not affect the microbiological quality of nuggets during storage. Products were safe for consumption up to 15 days at refrigerated storage as the microbial count had not exceeded the permissible limit. Steam cooked nuggets had better sensory scores in comparison to microwave and oven. Overall acceptability scores for all the products were more than 6.0 at the end of storage period, reflecting more than moderate acceptance till the products were microbiologically safe.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Evaluation of CIMMYT germplasm for resistance to leaf spotting diseases of wheat
- Author
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P.K. SINGH, E. DUVEILLER, and R.P. SINGH
- Subjects
genetic resistance ,phaeosphaeria nodorum ,pyrenophora tritici-repentis ,stagonospora nodorum blotch ,tan spot ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
The leaf spotting disease complex is a major biotic constrain in enhancing grain production in the major wheat growing regions. Two leaf spotting diseases, tan spot, caused by an ascomycete fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, and Stagonospora nodorum blotch besides causing average yield losses of 5-10%, cause significant losses in grain quality by red smudge, black point and grain shriveling. Conservation agriculture in combination with wheat monoculture involving cultivation of susceptible cultivars has resulted in frequent onset of leaf spots epidemics worldwide. Development of resistant wheat cultivars, in conjunction with crop rotation, will provide an effective, economical, and environmentally safe means of controlling leaf spot. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico has initiated major efforts to mitigate the threat of tan spot. Efforts include screening of wheat germplasm, identification of new sources of resistance, characterization of new tan spot resistance genes through classical and molecular genetic analysis, incorporation of resistance into adapted cultivars, and assessing the variability in the tan spot fungus. Screening studies reveal that elite CIMMYT germplasm has high level of resistance to tan spot caused by P. tritici-repentis race 1. These germplasm have diverse genetic make-up and the resistance is likely broad based. Association mapping studies done with CIMMYT germplasm reconfirmed the presence of previously identified genomic regions for tan spot resistance; however, novel genomic regions on long arm of chromosomes 6A and 7B have also been identified. Studies done to date indicate that CIMMYT germplasm possess high level diverse genetic based resistance to tan spot of wheat. Efforts are in place to develop desired wheat cultivars with tan spot resistance. Virulence studies indicate presence of P. tritici-repentis race 1 only with some variability in level of toxin Ptr ToxA produced in each of the 76 isolates studied.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. First Report on ALS Herbicide Resistance in Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) from Rice Fields of India
- Author
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Vijay K. Choudhary, Seshadri S. Reddy, Subhash K. Mishra, Yogita Gharde, Sunil Kumar, Mayank Yadav, Suhrid Barik, and P.K. Singh
- Subjects
Plant Science ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Bispyribac-sodium which is an acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicide is a frequently used herbicide for the control of weeds in rice fields of India including the most common noxious weed barnyardgrass. However, recently rice growers reported reduced control of barnyardgrass with bispyribac-sodium. Hence, a large-scale survey was carried out and collected 37 putative barnyardgrass biotypes for bispyribac-sodium resistance in two rice growing states Chhattisgarh and Kerala. Open field pot experiments were conducted for two years to confirm the resistance in those biotypes. Of the tested 37 biotypes, 30% of the biotypes (11) survived recommended label rate of bispyribac-sodium (25 g ai ha-1). The effective rate of bispyribac-sodium required to achieve 50% control (ED50) of putative resistant biotypes ranged from 18 to 41 g ha-1, whereas it was about 10 g ha-1 in susceptible biotypes. This suggests that putative biotypes were 2 to 4 times resistant to bispyribac-sodium. At 6 days after herbicide application, in-vitro enzyme assay showed higher ALS enzyme activity in putative resistant biotypes (66 to 75%) compared to susceptible biotypes (48 to 52%). This indicates insensitive ALS enzyme to bispyribac-sodium in those biotypes and target site mutation as possible mechanism for resistance. Whole-plant bioassay also suggested that the resistance problem is more widespread in Chhattisgarh than in Kerala state. This study confirmed the first case of evolved resistance in barnyardgrass to bispyribac-sodium in rice fields of India.
- Published
- 2023
27. Energy decomposition and waterswapping analysis to investigate the SNP associated DPD mediated 5-FU resistance
- Author
-
H. Verma, J. Doshi, G. Narendra, B. Raju, P.K. Singh, and O. Silakari
- Subjects
Drug Discovery ,Molecular Medicine ,Bioengineering ,General Medicine - Published
- 2023
28. Climate Change and Consequential Rainfall Trends: An Indian Perspective
- Author
-
H. Upadhyay, P.K. Singh, and M. Kothar
- Subjects
Ecology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
This article presents an overview of different studies pertaining to the trends observed in rainfall over India and its constituent regions. The spatial scale of trend estimation considered in the reviewed studies is an important aspect that dictates the overall trends over a given scale and helps in ascertaining the influence of anthropogenic activities upon the resultant trends. In this article, Indian trend analysis studies conducted on a national, meteorologic sub-divisional, river basin and agro-climatic zonal level as well as for different time periods and time scales have been reviewed. One of the more recent national-scale studies were able to detect overall negative trends in the annual rainfall over India with a more prominent decline observed during the latter half of the 20th century and first decade of 21st century. Also, 17 out of 30 meteorological sub-divisions for which trend analysis was carried out exhibited increasing tendencies though, all were insignificant. Most of the river basins of India have shown an increasing trend in annual rainfall with Indus (lower) and Tapi basins observing maximum rise. Decreasing trends were however, recorded over most of the basins especially after 1970. The conclusions drawn from the review of suitable studies highlight the variation in trends across different studies due to a different set of variables and factors involved in individual studies. The practical significance of trend analysis has also been discussed along with a need of a more subjective assessment of the mathematical outputs obtained from commonly used trend analysis methods.
- Published
- 2023
29. Bibliographic analysis of modelling weed distribution and invasion with global perspective
- Author
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Yogita Gharde, R.P. Dubey, P.K. Singh, null Sushilkumar, A. Jamaludheen, J.S. Mishra, and P.K. Gupta
- Subjects
General Medicine - Published
- 2023
30. An efficient numerical method based on Lucas polynomials to solve multi-dimensional stochastic Itô-Volterra integral equations
- Author
-
P.K. Singh and S. Saha Ray
- Subjects
Numerical Analysis ,General Computer Science ,Applied Mathematics ,Modeling and Simulation ,Theoretical Computer Science - Published
- 2023
31. Experimental investigation on microstructure, mechanical and machining properties of Al‐4032/granite marble powder (GMP) composite produced through stir casting
- Author
-
P. Saini and P.K. Singh
- Subjects
Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Materials Science ,Condensed Matter Physics - Published
- 2022
32. Industrial Landscape and Employment Opportunities in Sonbhadra District: A Study of Factories, Small Industries, and Khadi Gramodyog in 2022
- Author
-
Aashish kumar and Dr. P.K. Singh
- Subjects
Industrial development, Factories, Small Industries, Khadi Gramodyog - Abstract
The paper provides information on the distribution of factories and workers across different blocks in Sonbhadra district in 2022. It highlights the industrial presence and employment opportunities in each block. The Ghorawal block had no factories or workers, indicating the absence of industrial activity or employment opportunities. Similarly, the Chatra, Nagwa, and Chopan blocks also lacked factories and workers, suggesting a need for industrial development in these areas.On the other hand, the Robertsganj block had four factories employing 61 workers, indicating a small industrial presence and limited job opportunities. The Mayorpur block had a significant industrial company, with ten factories using 14,210 workers, offering substantial employment opportunities. The Duddhi block had no factories or workers, while Babhni and Karma's blocks had minimal industrial activity and employment opportunities. The Kon block reported no factories or workers, indicating a lack of industrial establishments or job opportunities.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The effect of temperature on giant magnetostrictive thin films in high pre-stress environment for sensor application
- Author
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P.K. Singh, Ashish Singh Pareta, Awani Bhushan, S.K. Panda, and M.B. Shyam Kumar
- Subjects
General Medicine - Published
- 2023
34. Evaluation of Three Nutrient Compositions for Lettuce Cultivers in two Hydroponic Systems
- Author
-
P.P Jagtap, S. R Bhakar, S.S Lakhawat, P.K Singh, and null M. Kothari
- Subjects
Ecology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
A greenhouse field experiment was conducted at Plasticulture Farm in MPUAT, Udaipur Rajasthan in 2021 to examine the effects of different EC levels on the growth and weight of two lettuce cultivars grown in two hydroponic systems. Two lettuce cultivars, Ice Berg (V1) and Green Rapid (V2), were subjected to three levels of EC i.e. 0.75 dS/m, 1.0 dS/m and 1.25 dS/m and two hydroponic systems (DWC and NFT). The Green Rapid cultivar with 1.0 dS/m and NFT treatment combination proved significantly more productive than the other cultivar/treatment combinations. Based on the results, for all parameters, i.e. plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, plant spread and dry matter were found more effective in Green rapid with 1.0 dS/m EC and NFT treatment combination. It is expected that the development of a good and easy-touse hydroponic system will help growers produce high-quality vegetables including lettuce.
- Published
- 2023
35. In vitro nutritional evaluation of hybrids and open-pollinated varieties of sweet Sorghum crop in Goats
- Author
-
Awadhesh Kishore, Tushar Sharma, Pravin Kumar, and P.K. Singh
- Subjects
Animal Science and Zoology ,Small Animals - Published
- 2023
36. SITE SUITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT IN RIVER BASIN OF INDIA
- Author
-
MANJEET SINGH, Ms. URMILA, P.K. SINGH, K.K. YADAV, S.R. BHAKAR, and M. KOTHATI
- Abstract
In this study, site suitability analysis for Groundwater management in river basin has been carried out by constructing runoff harvesting structures like percolation pond and check dam. The site suitability for different groundwater recharge is determined by considering spatially varying parameters like sub basin area, runoff potential, slope and fracture pattern. GIS tool used to store, analyse and integrate spatial and attribute information pertaining to drainage, runoff, slope and fracture. The SCS-CN method used to derive runoff potential in terms of runoff coefficient (ratio between the runoff and rainfall) which is classified into three classes, viz., high (>40%), moderate (20â40%) and low (
- Published
- 2022
37. Decadal Groundwater Level Changes in Pratapgarh District of Southern Rajasthan, India
- Author
-
Vinay Kumar Gautam, Mahesh Kothari, P.K. Singh, S.R. Bhakar, and K.K. Yadav
- Subjects
Ecology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
The higher dependency on the groundwater has increased extremely over time due to over-utilization of the aquifers. Thus, it is urgent to assess the degree of exploitation and analyze the groundwater level trend in the area of interest. This study has been taken to examine the pre and post -monsoon groundwater level fluctuations using statistical methods for 76 observation wells in Pratapgarh district of Rajasthan for the last 11 years (2009-2019). Results revealed that the groundwater level has fallen general to significantly in maximum number of blocks during 2009-2019. It was found that the resulting groundwater levels are linearly affected by the amount of rainfall occurred. The groundwater level fluctuations data considerably interprets the groundwater recharge. The average annual decline in groundwater level was detected with strong decline (0.204 m/yr) during post-monsoon season at Chhoti Sadriblock. The average rate of rise and decline during pre and post monsoon groundwater level for the Pratapgarh district was 0.110 m/yr and 0.081m/yr, respectively. In spite of being a predominantly hard rock area, the district shows limited variation in depth to groundwater level. The alterations in water level in different seasons may be attributed to the recharge by rainfall in post-monsoon season.
- Published
- 2022
38. Effect of weed interference on rice yield under elevated CO2 and temperature
- Author
-
Deepak Pawar, Dasari Sreekanth, Subhash Chander, C.R. Chethan, Shobha Sondhia, and P.K. Singh
- Subjects
General Medicine - Published
- 2022
39. Variability in seed germination and dormancy of Indian weedy rice
- Author
-
Dibakar Ghosh, Subhash Kumar Mishra, Raghwendra Singh, Meenal Rathore, Bhumesh Kumar, R.P. Dubey, and P.K. Singh
- Subjects
General Medicine - Published
- 2022
40. Harnessing the full potential of low-dose high-potency (LDHP) herbicide molecules by standardized spraying technique in rice and wheat
- Author
-
C.R. Chethan, R.P. Dubey, Subhash Chander, Deepak V. Pawar, Dibakar Ghosh, and P.K. Singh
- Subjects
General Medicine - Published
- 2022
41. Indian quarantine weeds invasiveness assessment using bio-security tool: Weed Risk Assessment
- Author
-
Dasari Sreekanth, Deepak Pawar, C.R. Chethan, P.K. Singh, Shobha Sondhia, Subhash Chander, and Mool Chand Singh
- Subjects
General Medicine - Published
- 2022
42. Analysis on trends of geographic and demographic distribution of goat population and production in India
- Author
-
R. Behl, R.K. Pundir, J.D. Behl, and P.K. Singh
- Subjects
Animal Science and Zoology ,Small Animals - Published
- 2022
43. Bio-efficacy of newer insecticide molecules against rice stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas on rice
- Author
-
Alka Kumari, Rabindra Prasad, M.K. Chakravarty, P.K. Singh, and Binay Kumar
- Subjects
Insect Science - Published
- 2022
44. Trends in global herbicides research during 2011-2020: A web of sciencebased scientometric study
- Author
-
A. Jamaludheen, Prem Chand, K.V. Praveen, P. Krishnan, and P.K. Singh
- Published
- 2022
45. Oil production forecast using Fuzzy Time Series and Artificial Neural Network techniques
- Author
-
P.K. Singh and N. Pal
- Published
- 2023
46. Effect of Thickness Ratio on the Magnetic Properties of the Magnetostrictive Thin Film Composite
- Author
-
P.K. Singh, Ashish Singh Pareta, Awani Bhushan, and S.K. Panda
- Subjects
Mechanical Engineering ,Aerospace Engineering - Abstract
Magno-elastic coupling characteristics in giant magnetostrictive thin films depend on a myriad of factors, comprising variability in Young’s modulus, thermally induced pre-stresses, the direction of the applied magnetic field and the substrate to film thickness ratio, demagnetization field etc. Due to the aforementioned reasons, the giant magnetostrictive thin films usually display characteristics that may contrast with the bulk giant magnetostrictive materials. This work studies magnetostrictive film on a compliant substrate using a generalized 3-D magneto-thermo-elastic nonlinear constitutive model with the elasticity theory to include such stimuli sensitive coupled magneto-thermo-elastic response. The numerical simulation of the magnetostrictive film on the compliant substrate in the form of a cantilever shows good agreement with the existing experimental data. The substrate and film thickness ratio effect on the thermal strain, Young’s modulus, magnetization and magnetostriction of films was meticulously analyzed. It has been revealed that the magneto-elastic responses rely strongly on the substrate-to-film thickness ratio. Thus, it is possible to obtain the tunable properties by controlling the composite film's thickness ratio in the design state of smart devices.
- Published
- 2022
47. HCIP: Hybrid Short Long History Table-based Cache Instruction Prefetcher
- Author
-
Swapnita Srivastava and P.K. Singh
- Abstract
In modern applications, instruction cache misses have become a performance constraint, and numerous prefetchers have been developed to conceal memory latency. With today's client and server workloads, large instruction working sets require more. These working sets are typically large enough to fit in the Last Level Cache (LLC). However, the Level 1 Instruction (L1-I) cache has a high miss rate, which typically prevents the processor front-end from receiving instructions. Instruction prefetching is a latency hiding method that allows the LLC to send instructions to the L1-I cache. In order to design a high-performance cache architecture, prefetching instructions in the L1-I cache is a fundamental approach. When developing an efficient and effective prefetcher, accuracy and coverage are the most important parameters to be considered. This paper proposed a novel Hybrid Short Long History Table-based Cache Instruction Prefetcher (HCIP) for the L1-I cache. The HCIP makes use of a hybrid configuration of the two history-based prefetchers tables that are Long History Table (LST) and Short History Table (SHT). The transitive closure of the control flow graph is the PRE+PC table used in HCIP. In contrast to PIPS and NOPREF, HCIP indicates maximum coverage of 67% for the majority of the benchmarks given.
- Published
- 2022
48. Proof of Optimality based on Greedy Algorithm for Offline Cache Replacement Algorithm
- Author
-
Swapnita Srivastava and P.K. Singh
- Abstract
The optimal offline cache replacement algorithm is a MIN algorithm that chooses which data item to remove when a new data item is brought from lower level of cache or main memory. The optimal offline algorithm evicts a cache item whose next request is the furthest away. For a particular program, the performance behavior of the cache memory is determined by memory and block sizes and by the nature of the replacement algorithm. Replacement algorithms, however, deserve analysis because they are based on a variety of assumptions and design considerations. This paper presents a simpler proof based on the greedy algorithm. The paper demonstrates that every ideal solution can be repeatedly transformed into the solution provided by the greedy algorithm without increasing the miss of the optimal solution, hence demonstrating that the greedy solution is providing optimality.This paper also presents a new replacement algorithm named Greedy Weight-based Cache Replacement Algorithm (GWCRA), on the basis of the Greedy algorithm and it also incorporates the weighted access-based parameter, recency and frequency. The GWCRA achieves an average speedup of 57.29% when compared to LRU and SRRIP which is 55.58% and 55.65%, respectively.
- Published
- 2022
49. Score Based Garbage Collection Algorithm for Flash Based Storage System
- Author
-
Shweta Shweta and null P.K. Singh
- Abstract
A solid-state drive’s garbage collection technique considerably influences the drive’s writing performance and life duration. The garbage collection technique chooses the block to be erased so that the block can be reused. Several techniques, such as hot data identification, enhance the efficiency of garbage collection and impact flash memory access speed and lifespan. This paper proposes a garbage collection algorithm, SGC (Score-based Garbage Collection) which tries to identify data on the basis of threshold into hot and cold blocks then the process is followed by choosing victim block with the help of score for garbage collection. The SGC approach minimises SSD wear frequency and garbage collection overhead, extending SSD life and data reliability. A novel hot and cold identification system helps to reduces program/erasure cycles while increasing identification accuracy, basedon threshold data are clustered into hot and cold. The experimental findings illustrate that the SGC outperforms the existing approach under various benchmarks by reducing the frequency of block wear leveling. The simulation result shows how SGC performs well and lowers the costs, such as the number of copy and erase operation done, wear on the block, and energy consumption.Improvement percentage for wear leveling is calculated for input traces exchange, financial 1 and financial 2. For exchange trace our policy outperforms CB,CAT,GR and CATA by 19.04%,15.0%,37.03% and 10.5% respectively.
- Published
- 2022
50. Fracture toughness behavior of dissimilar metal (SA508 Gr.3 Class 1 and SA312 Type 304LN) weld joint: With and without stress relieving treatment
- Author
-
Jayanta Chattopadhyay, Suranjit Kumar, Rahul P. Kale, P.K. Singh, and Mainak Ghosh
- Subjects
Class (computer programming) ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Stress relieving ,Dissimilar metal ,Welding ,Microstructure ,law.invention ,Fracture toughness ,Mechanics of Materials ,law ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,Joint (geology) - Published
- 2021
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