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Anorthite-based glazes are highly valued in the ceramics industry for their ease of crystallization under fast-firing conditions and their ability to impart excellent mechanical and aesthetic properties. This study investigates the effects of P2O5 on the thermal properties, microstructure, microhardness, and optical characteristics of anorthite-based glazes. The results indicate that the addition of P2O5 led to a reduction in both the glass transition temperature and crystallization temperature of the glazes. Furthermore, the increased intensity of the exothermic peak associated with crystallization suggests a greater amount of crystal formation in the P2O5-added glazes. In all compositions, anorthite was identified as the dominant phase. Moreover, an increased P2O5 content resulted in a higher number of anorthite crystals, while concurrently reducing their size. Glazes with P2O5 addition exhibited higher hardness values compared to those without P2O5. This outcome is attributed to the enhanced crystallization of the anorthite phase, as confirmed by DTA, XRD, and SEM analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the influence of P2O5 on the break temperature and phase composition of slag from the double slag converter steelmaking process is investigated comprehensively. The composition and micromorphology of crystallized phase are analyzed by X‐Ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer. The results reveal that the break temperature of slag increases owing to an increase of P2O5 content. When the P2O5 content is 2%, the break temperature is 1198 °C, and it increases to 1209 °C for the slag with 4% P2O5. With the increase of P2O5 content from 2% to 8%, the activation energy for viscous flow shows an upward trend. The crystallized phase at the same temperature with different P2O5 contents remains nearly unchanged, but the diffraction peak intensity is different. When the P2O5 content remains constant, a decrease in temperature results in significant changes in the micromorphology of crystallized phases. The present results improve the knowledge about the P‐rich slag, and are also significant in optimizing the double slag converter steelmaking process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through nutrient deficiency experiments and comparative experiments at different levels of fertilizer application, the absorption and utilization characteristics of six elements, including N, P2O5, K₂O, B, Mn and Fe, were studied in Brassica oleracea 'Lvfeng 2', providing a basis for increasing fertilizer application efficiency and scientific fertilization in heading cabbage. Through nutrient deficiency experiments, it was found that when there was a high content of available phosphorus and potassium in the soil, applying phosphorus or potassium fertilizer a- gain could not increase the yield of cabbage, but instead would reduce it; applying nitrogen fertilizer could increase the yield of cabbage; from the perspective of different fertilization levels, the more fertilizer applied, the higher the yield of cabbage, but the magnitude of yield increase gradually decreased. The average ratio of N, P, and K nutrient absorption in the 'Lvfeng 2' cabbage was 13.39:8.00:29.86, and the average ratio of B, Mn, and Fe nutrient absorption was 52.28: 83.36: 158.01. When the target yield was 70 392 kg/hm², the application rates of N, P2O5, and K₂O reached 91.03, 55.67 and 210.24 kg/hm², and the application rates of B, Mn, and Fe reached 57.44, 85.58 and 171.53 g/hm², the nutrient balance in the soil during the season can be maintained. The agricultural efficiency of NPK fertilizer was 130.33, 11.10 and 6.44 kg/kg, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparent Y 2 O 3 –Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 (YAS) glass-ceramics were prepared by the melting-quenching method and two-step heat treatment. P 2 O 5 is one of the most widely used oxide nucleating agents in the production of glass-ceramics, which can control the crystallization temperature or the grain size. The effects of different amounts of P 2 O 5 on the nucleation, crystallization, structure, and mechanical properties of YAS glasses were studied. Raman spectra fitting showed that with increasing P 2 O 5 content from 0.50 wt% to 4.00 wt%, the content of structure units Q3 and Q4 gradually increased, indicating that P 2 O 5 mainly acted as a network former in YAS glass to enhance the connectivity of silicate glass structure. The results revealed that the increase in P 2 O 5 content led to fewer nucleation sites and lower crystallinity. As the P 2 O 5 content increased, the transmittance of YAS glass-ceramics changed slightly under the same heat treatment, but the Vickers hardness decreased significantly. Fine, granular and evenly distributed nanocrystals were precipitated from YAS precursor glasses through heat treatment at 700 °C for 10 h and 750 °C for 1 h. Additionally, the reported Vickers hardness, fracture toughness and transmittance of YAS glass-ceramic containing 0.50 wt% P 2 O 5 were 674.48 Hv, 1.09 MPa m1/2 and 87.59 %, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium silicate (LS) glass ceramic with excellent mechanical performance has been used in dental restoration but is seldom used in orthopedics due to its limited bioactivity. Given the osteoconductive features of calcium phosphate-based ceramics, optimizing the P 2 O 5 content to adjust the ratio of CaO to P 2 O 5 may improve the bioactivity of glass ceramics. The effect of P 2 O 5 content on the phase formation, mechanical performance, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and mineralization of glass ceramics were investigated in this study. The results indicated that increasing the content of P 2 O 5 increased the formation temperature of LiAlSi 2 O 6 and provided nucleation sites for Li 2 SiO 3 by forming Li 3 PO 4 which, in turn, promoted the transformation from Li 2 SiO 3 to Li 2 Si 2 O 5. The phase morphology transformed from a lamellar shape to a columnar shape, and then formed an interlocking structure in the specific heat treatment. The phase transformation and formation of Li 3 PO 4 improved cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and mineralization of the glass ceramics. In particular, the glass ceramic with 2.58 mol% P 2 O 5 (LS3) and 4.12 mol% P 2 O 5 (LS4) promoted the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and achieved the strength requirement of bone. In conclusion, the bioactivity of the glass ceramics was enhanced by increasing the P 2 O 5 content, and the bone-like structure on the surface of the glass ceramic with 4.12 mol% P 2 O 5 may make this material suitable for orthopaedic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Inorganic Chemicals Industry is the property of Editorial Office of Inorganic Chemicals Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although straw returning to the field (SRTTF) is conducive to promoting sustainable agricultural production and protecting the environment, straw resources are still wasted due to the lack of suitable straw-returning technology in southern China. Based on the statistical yearbook and a large number of studies, different methods were used to calculate the total straw resources and SRTTF potential, and differences in these methods were compared. The results indicate that the total amount of straw resources in southern China in 2021 was 3.35×108 t. The nutrient content of K2O in the straw accounted for the highest proportion of total nutrient resources (63.66%), followed by N (26.88%) and P2O5 (9.46%). In theory, total SRTTF could replace almost all K2O and part of N and P2O5, indicating that the nutrient substitution potential of SRTTF was high. It is suggested that the SRTTF method be adopted in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which mainly uses direct returning (DR) supplemented by indirect returning (IDR). In southeast China, straw returning is carried out by the combination of IDR and IR. In southwest China, straw returning is mainly carried out by IR and supplemented by MDR. This study will provide theoretical support for the government to formulate straw-returning policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicate glasses containing sodium, calcium, and phosphorus are known as bioactive glasses, which are utilized in the human body to support and fulfill living tissue functions. These glasses exhibit excellent physical and mechanical properties, making them suitable for radiation shielding applications. This study focuses on investigating the radiation absorption parameters of seven bioglasses. The densities of the samples were found to increase from 2.6383 to 3.2218 g/cm3 as the ZnO increased from 0.0 to 15 mol%. Also, the mass-attenuation-coefficient (i.e., MAC) was calculated via the Phys-X simulation code in the photonic-energy domain of 0.015–15.0 MeV, and the outcomes were compared with XCOM data. The computed MAC values have the following sequential order: MAC46MBG-0Zn < MAC65MBG-5Zn < MAC64MBG-7Zn < MAC60MBG-15Zn < MAC45MBG-4Zn < MAC44MBG-7Zn < MAC40MBG-15Zn. Other important parameters, such as the half- and tenth-value-layer (i.e., HVL, and TVL), mean-free-path (MFP), and effective-atomic-number (Zeff), were also determined. Among the bioactive-glasses studied, the bioglass encoded as 60MBG-15Zn, which contains uppermost amounts of silicate and zinc, had the lowest MFP, HVL, and TVL values but the highest Zeff values. Effective removal cross-section values (ΣR) were determined to assess the neutron safety effectiveness of the bio-glasses, and the results indicated that 60MBG-15Zn ([ZnO]/[SiO2] = 0.258) and 40MBG-15Zn ([ZnO]/[SiO2] = 0.375) had advanced neutron lessening character. The exposure- and adsorption-buildup factor (i.e., EBF and EABF) values were also calculated using the G-P least-square-fit model, which depends on the photon energy and MFP. The bioglasses with higher equivalent-atomic numbers were found to have the lowest EBF, and EABF values. Also, the calculated elastic-mechanical intrinsic of the bio-glasses, including the molar volume (Vm), which increased from 16.680 to 20.128, and the dissociation-energy (G), which varied from 56.012 to 63.771 kJ/cm3 were found to depend on ([ZnO]/[SiO2] molar ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nucleation and crystallization of glass-ceramics are typically influenced by early phase separation, which can impact glass properties. However, it has been challenging to characterize the nanoscale phase separation and understand the nucleation mechanism of lithium disilicate (L 2 S) glass-ceramics, which has resulted in some controversy. Here, we raised the direct evidence of nanoscale clustering in the glassy phase prior to formal nucleation and crystallization by element distribution. Firstly, the amorphous Li 3 PO 4 phase formed on the boundary between the phase separation area and residual glass matrix, and then nucleation tended to start on this phase boundary. Furthermore, the effect of phase-separation on nucleation and final crystallize products was illustrated. By sufficient phase-separation, the formation of desired Li 2 Si 2 O 5 and LiAlSi 4 O 10 microcrystals was effectively motivated, which is prerequisite for high mechanical properties and transparency. We hope this work provides guidance to rationally understand the early phase separation in glass for subsequent controlling crystallization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the glass is matastable from the viewpoint of thermodynamics, the highlevel liquid waste glass may crystallize during the process of production, storage, and disposal. Borosilicate glass is used as the matrix for immobilization of highlevel liquid waste in China. It is worth noting that pyroxene phase is easy to crystallize in borosilicate waste glass. In order to suppress the crystallization of pyroxene phase, it was proposed that MgO and CaO in the borosilicate glass formula were partially replaced by P2O5 in this study. The effect of P2O5 content (mass fraction of 08%) on the crystallization characteristics and leaching resistance of borosilicate waste glass was mainly investigated. The results show that the waste glass possesses amorphous phase when the content of P2O5 is 03%. For the samples after heating at 850 ℃ for 6 h, the main crystalline phases are pyroxene when P2O5 content is 02%. In addition, a small amount of calcium silicate phase appears for the heat treated samples with 3% P2O5 content, and pyroxene phase almost disappears. When the content of P2O5 is higher than 3%, spherical Na3Ca6(PO4)5 crystals precipitate in the glass, and the crystallinity increases with P2O5 content. The analyses of 29Si and 11B MAS NMR show that with the increase of P2O5 content from 0 to 6%, the total content of Q3 and Q4 structural units in the glass network gradually increase from 5304% to 8356%, and the content of BO3 structural units increases from 2943% to 3822%. The increase of P2O5 content improves the densification of the overall network structure of the waste glass. The results of the static leaching method (MCC1) show that the normalized leaching rates LRSi, LRB, LRNa and LRCs of the waste glasses gradually decrease with the increase of P2O5 content. After 28 d, LRSi, LRB, LRNa and LRCs of the waste glass with 3% P2O5 content are 0508, 0468, 0533 and 0280 g/(m2·d), respectively, which can satisfy the requirements (

Biodiesel production via catalytic transesterification of non-edible oils derived from plants is one of the priority areas considered by researchers as an approach to reduce the over-dependence on fossil fuels. However, the development of most appropriate catalyst system is still under investigation. The current study therefore investigated the potentials of bone ashes derived from cow, camel and goat as catalytic materials for upgrading mango seed oils into biodiesel under a range of reaction conditions. Irrespective of the bone ash type, the XRF data revealed the presence of CaO, P2O5, SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, MgO, TiO2 and Fe2O3. Among the nine oxides, CaO and P2O5 were found to play a competitive role during the upgrading reaction. However, reactions influenced by active basic sites in CaO were very favourable and accounted for the production of high biodiesel yields reaching maximum at ~94.5%. Further studies on properties characterization showed the produced methyl esters to have properties in line with those approved internationally for the designing of B100 and other grades of biodiesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystallization behaviours, mechanical and optical properties of fluormica glass-ceramic system without and with P2O5 as nucleating agent are studied. The crystallization mechanism of fluor-phlogopite (KMg 3 (Si 3 AlO 10)F 2) without P 2 O 5 oxide represented one-dimensional surface crystallization with a fixed number of nuclei, and with the addition of P 2 O 5 , the mechanism tends to two-dimensional bulk crystallization with a constant nucleation rate being the most predominant phase, forsterite crystals (Mg 2 SiO 4). The base glasses had the spinodal phase separation, which coarsened considerably by increasing P 2 O 5 content. P 2 O 5 had a strong influence on the microstructure and morphology of this type of glass-ceramic. The addition of small amount of P 2 O 5 (1.0 mol%) to these glass-ceramic changed the microstructure from dendritic growth having leaf-like feature to a flower-like morphology of the crystal phase. Glass-ceramic without P 2 O 5 produces yellowish to colourless transparent glass-ceramic, and with the incorporation of the P 2 O 5 (1.0 mol%), which has been found the optimum to obtain transparent glass-ceramics, the transmittance is still about 85%. As the P 2 O 5 content increased to 3.0 mol%, besides fluor-phlogopite mica, forsterite also precipitates, the size of the crystals increase, their distributions turned to be broad due to the change of the crystallization mechanism and the transparency of glass-ceramic consequently decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rod-shaped and hexagon-like nanostructures of a phosphoric triamide 4-NO2C6H4C(O)NHP(O)(NHC(CH3)3)2 have been prepared by a sonochemical method and a microwave process, respectively. The new nano-structures were characterized by SEM, XRD, UV–vis, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The crystal structure of compound showed a distorted tetrahedral geometry for phosphorus with anti-configuration for the P(O) and C(O) groups respect to each other. Non-covalent interactions, that is, hydrogen bonding, π ⋯ π stacking, and CH...HC contacts connected the chains into a 3D framework. Thermal stability in single crystalline and nano-scale was carried out by TGA and DSC. Further, P2O5 nanosphericals have been prepared from a precursor nano-rod phosphoric triamide at 750 °C with a diameter of 30–40 nm. P2O5 nanoparticles have been decorated from a single source precursor phosphoramide, 4-NO2C6H4C(O)NHP(O)(NHC(CH3)3)2, onto reduced graphen oxide surfaces by a solvothermal approach. Decorated nanoparticles have an orthorhombic phase with a sphere-like morphology and average size of 10–20 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Atomic Energy Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Board of Atomic Energy Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A study was undertaken to assess the status of available major nutrients in soils and quality of irrigation water of Kachchh district of Gujarat by Regional Research Station, S. D. Agricultural University, Bhachau, Kachchh during 2014-2018. About Forty representative surface (0-15 cm) soil samples were collected from farmer's field of each taluka. The soil samples were analyzed for ph, EC, organic carbon, available N, P2O5, and K2O. Soils of Kachchh district are mildly alkaline to moderately alkaline in reaction (ph2.5 8.14) with low soluble salt content (EC 0.57 ds/m). The organic carbon status of soils of Kachchh district was low (0.35 %). The available N, P2O5 and K2O content in these soils ranged from 62.72 to 392.00, 16.81 to 116.58 and 107.52 to 954.24 kg/ha with a due, soils of Kachchh district were very low in available nitrogen, marginal in available phosphorus and high in available potassium status. Highly significant and positive correlation was observed between organic carbon with available nitrogen (r = 0.842**). Available P2O5 show mean value of 193.93, 41.85 and 330.86 kg/ha, respectively. On the basis of nutrient index had negative correlation with ph (r = -0.066) and EC (r = -0.011). Available N (r = 0.178**) and O.C. (r = 0.193**) have highly significantly and positively correlated with ph. Assessment of quality of irrigation water there were total 369 water samples were collected from 10 different talukas of Kachchh district. RSC of most of water sample was observed safe (88.89%), only 5.15 and 5.96 % sample are categorized under marginal and unsafe. RSC level Mundra > Mandvi > Bhuj observed. Chloride concentration of Kutch district water samples whose observed Mandvi > Gandhidham > Mundra > Bhachau > Rapar. Soluble salt was observed in order Mundra > Rapar > Mandvi > Gandhidham > Abdasa. In case of sodium hazard Mundra > Mandvi > Abdasa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, the effect of P2O5 on the viscous flow and crystallisation behaviour of slag in the double slag converter steelmaking process was investigated in laboratory. The results indicated that with the increase of P2O5 content, the softening temperature, hemispherical temperature and flowing temperature of steelmaking slag showed a decreasing trend, however, the viscosity increased. The FactSage thermodynamic software was used to predict the types and contents of crystallisation phases in the crystallisation process of steelmaking slag. It showed that with the increase of P2O5 content, the precipitation content of Ca5P2SiO12 increased, while the precipitation content of melilite decreased. The composition and microstructure of crystallisation phases were analysed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The phase composition did not change with the increase of P2O5 content, but the diffraction peak intensity of each crystallisation phase was different. Besides, the precipitation of phosphorus-enriched phase was enhanced with the increase of P2O5 content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different nitration methods were investigated on 4‐(4‐mthoxy‐3‐methyl phenyl)‐1(2H)‐phthalazinone and its derivatives using HNO3 as a nitrating agent with different catalysts. LC–MS/MS has been used to determine the product's structure. The results showed that the most suitable catalyst was P2O5 at room temperature to introduce an ortho mono‐nitrated group for the phthalazinone derivatives bearing donating groups on the phenyl ring. In contrast, 4‐halophenyl phthalazinone derivatives gave a high yield of mono‐nitrated products using H2SO4 as a catalyst. All mono‐nitrated products were separated with good to excellent yields, and their structures were confirmed by FT‐IR, NMR, LC‐MS/MS and elemental analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular structure and properties of a three-layer system based on CaH2, P2O5, microcrystalline cellulose + miramistin deposited via a low-energy electron beam onto a wound dressing have been considered. A cross-linked cellulose layer containing carbon particles and a drug component serves as the coating. The cross-linked structure of the coating enhances the resistance of the miramistin to thermal degradation. The high sorption activity of the gauze substrate determines the exponential nature of the change in the miramistin concentration in the solution. The deposition of a three-layer coating (CaH2 + P2O5 + (cellulose + miramistin)) allows imparting prolonged antibacterial (E. coli, S. aureus) and antifungal (C. alibicans) properties to gauze dressings, reducing the rate of moisture desorption from its volume as a result of the hydrogel formation on the surface of the fibers. Here, the hydrogel formation affects the decrease (over two times) in the gauze's ability to sorb moisture.

Expensive cellulase and complex detoxification procedures increase the cost of biomass lactic acid fermentation. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a robust method to ferment lactic acid using biomass by avoiding cellulase and detoxification. This study demonstrates the advantage of combining mechanocatalytic P2O5 pre-treatment and strain domestication. We show that an enzyme-free mechanocatalytic saccharification process by combining mix-milling of P2O5 with biomass and successive hydrolysis produces a fermentable hydrolysate with much less inhibitory compounds than the hydrolysates obtained by conventional methods; only 5-HMF, furfural and acetic acid were detected in the biomass hydrolysate, and no phenolic inhibitors were detected. Pretreatment of biomass with P2O5 not only avoided cellulase, but also obtained less toxic hydrolysate. Furthermore, the Pediococcus pentosaceus strain gained superior inhibitor tolerance through domestication. It could tolerate 17.1 g/L acetic acid, 12.5 g/L 5-HMF, 11.9 g/L guaiacol and 11.5 g/L furfural and showed activity in decomposing furfural and 5-HMF for self-detoxification, allowing efficient lactic acid fermentation from biomass hydrolysate without detoxification. The lactic acid concentration and conversion rate fermented by domesticated bacteria were increased by 113.5% and 22.4%, respectively. In addition, the domesticated bacteria could utilize glucose and xylose simultaneously to produce lactic acid selectively. The combination of P2O5 pre-treatment and strain domestication to ferment lactic acid is applied to several biomass feedstocks, including corn stalk, corn stalk residue and rice husk residue. Lactic acid concentrations of 29.8 g/L, 31.1 g/L, and 46.2 g/L were produced from the hydrolysates of corn stalk, corn stalk residue and rice husk residue, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of the P2O5 and CaF2 contents and the basicity on the viscosity of CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–La2O3 slag systems were investigated using the rotating cylinder method during the continuous cooling process. The structural characteristics of the quenched slag samples were clarified by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies. The results showed that the slag viscosity and break temperature gradually increased with increasing P2O5 content from 0 and 2.5 to 5 wt% at each basicity of 0.87, 1.0 or 1.17; meanwhile, the viscosity increased as the P2O5 content increased at a greater level at low basicity. The addition of CaF2 obviously reduced the viscosity and break temperature of slag. The increase in the basicity from 0.87 and 1.0 to 1.17 decreased the viscosity of the slags under the present composition range, but raised the break temperature. The maximum viscosity reduction by the basicity occurred in the slag containing 5 wt% P2O5, while the minimum occurred in the slag containing 5 wt% CaF2. P2O5 acted as a network former in the molten slag and increased the polymerization of the silicate and phosphate complex anions, corresponding to an increase in the slag viscosity. CaF2 played a major role in the depolymerization of the silicate and phosphate complex anions in this study.Kindly check and confirm the edit made in the title.The title was no problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commercial dental lithium disilicate based glass-ceramics containing various amounts of P2O5 were synthesized. Regarding the crystallization behavior and physico-chemical properties of the glasses, the optimum percent of P2O5 was determined.as 8 %wt. Crystallization behavior of the glasses was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The micro-hardness and chemical resistance of both glass and glass-ceramic searies were also determined. According to our results, lithium phosphate was precipitated prior to crystallization of the main phases, i.e lithium meta silicate and lithium disilicate. This early precipitation led to evacuation of residual glass phase from lithium ions, which caused increasing the viscosity of glass and so shifting of crystallization to higher temperatures. In addition, increasing in P2O5 amounts and consequently increasing in Li3PO4, led to significant decrease in the crystallite size and aspect ratio of crystals. Furthermore, while the chemical resistance of the glasses was decreased with P2O5, it was increased with P2O5 after heat treatment process. The chemical solubility of these three glass-ceramics was between 2080~1188 μg/cm2.

Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) is a plant native to the Brazilian Amazon belonging to the Malvaceae family. It is greatly appreciated in the northern region of Brazil, mainly for its flavor and aroma of its pulp. The objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) seedlings under phosphate fertilization and soil acidity correction. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse located at the Institute of Agrarian Sciences (ICA), Soil Science Area, Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA), Belém (PA). A completely randomized experimental design in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme was used, distributed in 4 replications, making a total of 24 experimental units. The factors were: phosphate fertilization (triple superphosphate, simple superphosphate and yoorin); and soil correction (with and without liming). Phosphate fertilizers were applied 0.06 g/plant triple superphosphate with 43% P2O5; 0.15 g/plant Yoorin Master 17% P2O5 and 0.13 g/plant single superphosphate 20% P2O5. In order to meet the nutritional needs of the plant, 0.07 g/plant of urea and potassium chloride were also applied. Soil correction was performed by the base saturation method, raising the exchangeable soil bases to 60%, applying 8.1 g of dolomitic limestone with the PRNT 92%, per experimental unit. The response variables evaluated were: plant height (AP), stem diameter (DC), leaf number (NF), leaf area (AF), green leaf mass (MVF), dry leaf mass (MSF), green root mass (MVR), dry root mass (MSR), root length (CR). The combination of phosphate fertilizers and liming provides the best results for cupuaçuzeiro seedlings. Yoorin thermophosphate with or without correction promotes satisfactory results for the production of cupuaçuzeiro seedlings. Simple superphosphate promotes satisfactory results regarding the phytometry of cupuaçuzeiro seedlings with and without soil correction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciências Agrárias is the property of Sociedade de Ciencias Agrarias de Portugal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mining & Metallurgy (10057854) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The 'FHIA-18' hybrid banana is an alternative for producers as it is resistant to Black Sigatoka and Panama disease. However, few studies report the nutritional requirement of this hybrid, especially phosphorus. It is known that the efficiency of phosphorus use can be improved, reducing the need for application, depending on the genotype cultivated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the yield and mineral nutrition of 'FHIA-18' hybrid banana on phosphate fertilization. A banana orchard with the cultivar 'FHIA-18' was conducted on a Typical Red Latosol. Then, triple superphosphate fertilizer was applied on plants at 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 kg ha−1 year−1, over three productive seasons. At the time of flowering the macro and micronutrient contents of the leaves were evaluated. Subsequently, the nutrient contents of the fruits were evaluated. For this, fruit pulp samples from the third and fourth hands were collected. In addition, yield was estimated considering cluster mass and plant density. The following dose 36 kg ha−1 of P2O5 year−1 increased the content of phosphorus in the leaf, despite that banana hybrid cultivar FHIA 18 demanded 50% of the recommended fertilizer to achieve its maximum yield (29.4 t ha−1 year−1). Phosphate fertilization promoted significant changes in P, Ca, Cu, and Zn contents of leaves and fruits. Therefore, it is concluded that the mineral nutrition of banana 'FHIA-18' is affected by phosphate fertilization, as well as requiring less P than recommended to achieve higher yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Carl Sprengel; fertiliser; Jöns Jakob Berzelius; Justus von Liebig; P2O5; phosphorus; Sprengel-Liebig's law of the minimum; superphosphate EN Carl Sprengel fertiliser Jöns Jakob Berzelius Justus von Liebig P2O5 phosphorus Sprengel-Liebig's law of the minimum superphosphate 1901 1903 3 11/05/21 20211201 NES 211201 I Phosphorus i (P) is very likely the most frequently misspelled nutrient in scientific literature (Lambers & Plaxton, 2015). He was shocked by the vast amount of P, until his Chinese friend and translator pointed to the fertiliser bag, and he realised the amount had to be divided by 2.29 to know how much P that really was. Other forms of P fertiliser include potassium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate (Syers I et al i ., 2008; Johnston & Poulton, 2019). [Extracted from the article]

Os frutos da bananeira ‘FHIA 18’ possuem características sensoriais semelhantes à banana ‘Prata’, porém, não existem informações sobre as reais necessidades em fósforo (P) deste híbrido e seus efeitos na produção e qualidade pós-colheita. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil físico-químico dos frutos da bananeira ‘FHIA 18’ submetida à níveis de adubação fosfatada, em São Manuel-SP, durante três ciclos sucessivos. Os níveis de adubação com P2O5 aplicados foram: sem adubação com P (0%); 20 kg ha-1 ano-1 (50%); 30 kg ha-1 ano-1 (75%); 40 kg ha-1 ano-1 (100%); 50 kg ha-1 ano-1 (125%); e 60 kg ha-1 ano-1 (150%). Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas compostas pelos seis níveis de adubação com fósforo e as subparcelas pelos três ciclos de produção (2014, 2015 e 2016). Foram avaliados nos frutos verdes os teores de matéria seca, amido, açúcares totais, açúcares redutores e de fósforo. Nos frutos maduros avaliou-se a firmeza, os descritores de coloração da casca, acidez titulável total, sólidos solúveis totais, índice de maturação, açúcares totais e açúcares redutores. A adubação fosfatada proporcionou aumento nos teores de fósforo nos frutos verdes até a aplicação de 100% da recomendação e aumento dos teores de açúcares redutores até a aplicação de 61% no primeiro ciclo de produção. Quanto aos frutos maduros, a utilização de fósforo em doses inferiores às recomendadas (100%) promoveu menor acidez titulável total e maior índice de maturação (52-53% da recomendação). Por outro lado, independente da dose de P2O5 utilizada, os teores de matéria seca, amido e fósforo, nos frutos verdes, e a firmeza, teores de sólidos solúveis totais, índice de maturação e teores de açúcares nos frutos maduros, aumentam do primeiro ao terceiro ciclo de produção.

This study investigated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation and phosphorus fertilizer on growth, productivity and quality of onion grown under saline soil conditions. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Farm of Desert Research Center, Ras Sudr, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt. Egyptian local onion cultivar “Giza 20” was selected. Treatments were: two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation treatments [without inoculation (–AMF) and with mycorrhizal inoculation (+AMF)] and four phosphorus supplied treatments (0, 48, 96 and 144 kg P2O5 ha–1). Mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus addition affected the plant growth, bulb yield and quality. Morphological traits of plant (height, leaf number, fresh and dry weight), neck diameter, bulb characters (diameter and weight), total soluble sugars (TSS), protein, P content increased, while proline content decreased due to the inoculation of AMF and phosphorus application. Onion inoculated by AMF combined with 96 or 144 kg P2O5 ha–1 gave the highest productivity under saline conditions.

The original AOD slag in the cold state contained more than 50 wt% low-hydration activity γ-C 2 S, which significantly affects the hydration activity. Therefore, the effect of the typical crystal stabilizer P 2 O 5 on the formation of a new phase and the enhancement in the mass fraction of high hydration activity β-C 2 S in AOD slag were studied, and the internal factors that controlled the doping preference and influenced the hydration activity of the crystal stabilizer P 2 O 5 were revealed. When the addition of P 2 O 5 was 0.6 wt%, the mass fraction of β-C 2 S in AOD slag was increased by 50.8 wt%. The P5+ and its oxide P 2 O 5 entered the lattice of C 2 S in solid solution, causing lattice distortion. After P doping, the charge energies of the Ca, Si and O atoms shifted toward the low energy direction by approximately 5 eV, which increased the stability of the electronic structure. In addition, P doping changed the delocalization of the CBM in the pure phase, partially located the LDOS of the VBM and CBM, and increased the numbers of nucleophilic and electrophilic attack sites, thus improving the hydration activity of β-C 2 S. [Display omitted] • The formation rule of the new phase and the enhancement effect of the β-C 2 S content are investigated. • When the addition of P 2 O 5 was 0.6 wt%, β-C 2 S reached the maximum content, increased by50.8 wt%. • P5+ and its oxide P 2 O 5 can be enriched at the initiation of cracking and accelerate the particle cracking behavior. • P doping increases the number of nucleophilic and electrophilic attack sites by changing the delocalization of the CBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to discuss a technique of digital soil mapping to recommend fertilization options based on the major indigenous soil nutrients. The southern slope of Merapi Mountain in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, was selected to conduct the research. Thirty-seven areas included in five sub-districts were chosen as soil sampling locations based on a stratified purposive sampling technique. The boundary of each area on the map was delineated using the kriging method. The collected soil samples were analyzed for indigenous content of available phosphorus, total potassium, and soil base saturation. The soil data were used as a basis for creating maps of available phosphorus content, total potassium content, and soil base saturation. The criteria for evaluating the level of soil nutrient content and for proposing fertilizer recommendation were developed according to criteria acknowledged by the Indonesian Soil Research Centre [ID: Pusat Penelitian Tanah (PPT)]. Results showed that the base saturation of the soil in the study area was dominantly classified as medium (41-60%) and high (60-80%). Phosphorus (P2O5) was found very highly available (>60 mg/100g of soil) and total potassium was dominantly very low (<10 mg/100g of soil) and low (10-20 mg/100g of soil). Based on this results, fertilizer need for rice cultivation in the study area is recommended to follow recommendations revealed in map 2 of potassium chloride (KCl), which for the low potassium level area is of 50 kg/ha of KCl + harvested rice straw, whereas for the medium potassium level area is of 0 kg/ha of KCl + harvested rice straw. In conclusion, the fertilization of irrigated rice plant should not be done uniformly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation and phosphorus fertilizer on growth, productivity and quality of onion grown under saline soil conditions. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Farm of Desert Research Center, Ras Sudr, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt. Egyptian local onion cultivar 'Giza 20' was selected. Treatments were: two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation treatments [without inoculation (-AMF) and with mycorrhizal inoculation (+AMF)] and four phosphorus supplied treatments (0, 48, 96 and 144 kg P2O5 ha-1). Mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus addition affected the plant growth, bulb yield and quality. Morphological traits of plant (height, leaf number, fresh and dry weight), neck diameter, bulb characters (diameter and weight), total soluble sugars (TSS), protein, P content increased, while proline content decreased due to the inoculation of AMF and phosphorus application. Onion inoculated by AMF combined with 96 or 144 kg P2O5 ha-1 gave the highest productivity under saline conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One field experiment was carried out during the two successive winter seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 at a Private Farm in El-Sowa Village, Abo Hammad District, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, to study the effect of cultivars, mineral phosphorus, and mycorrhizae fungi inoculation on plant dry weight and chemical composition of onion plants under clay soil conditions and flood irrigation system. The experiment included 18 treatments which were the combinations among two onion cultivars (Giza 20 and Beheri improved), three levels of mineral phospours fertilizer (0, 30 and 45 kg P2O5/fad.) and three levels ofmycorrhizae(0, 2 and 4 kg/fad.). These treatments were arranged in a split split plot design system with three replicates. Cultivars were randomly arranged in the main plots, levels of P2O5 were randomly distributed in the sub plots, while mycorrhizae levels were randomly arranged in the sub sub plots. The triple interaction treatments among onion Giza 20 cultivar, P2O5 at 45 kg/fad., and inoculation with mycorrhizae at 4 kg/fad., significantly increased dry weight of roots, bulbs, leaves and total dry weight/plant at 75 days after transplanting, as well as, N, P and K uptake by roots, bulb and leaves at 105 days after transplanting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inventing new ways to recycle and reuse the accumulated byproducts is the most pressing and daunting challenge that is facing future engineers. Millions of tons of phosphogypsum (PG) is stacked worldwide every year. Many researchers used a number of physical, chemical and thermal methods to reduce P2O5 content in PG, but all of these studies are univariant. In this study, a multivariant 24 full factorial methodologies is designed to study the effect of particle size, acid concentration, loading and number of washing on the P2O5 washing/leaching process using sulfuric and nitric acid solutions. The Factorial design analysis helped to get more insight on the relative magnitude of the main and the interaction effects. Sulfuric and nitric acid treatment results indicate clearly the importance of the number of washing on the reduction of P2O5 content. This emphasized the importance of renewing the driving force (adding each time a clean solution) washing leaching P2O5 reduction process. It is found that the optimum conditions for sulfuric acid treatment is estimated to be of loading equal to 0.15 g PG/g sol and three washings. The optimum conditions for nitric acid treatment are estimated to be loading of 0.4 g PG/g sol and three washings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commercial dental lithium disilicate based glass-ceramics containing various amounts of P2O5 were synthesized. Regarding the crystallization behavior and physico-chemical properties of the glasses, the optimum percent of P2O5 was determined.as 8 %wt. Crystallization behavior of the glasses was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The micro-hardness and chemical resistance of both glass and glass-ceramic searies were also determined. According to our results, lithium phosphate was precipitated prior to crystallization of the main phases, i.e lithium meta silicate and lithium disilicate. This early precipitation led to evacuation of residual glass phase from lithium ions, which caused increasing the viscosity of glass and so shifting of crystallization to higher temperatures. In addition, increasing in P2O5 amounts and consequently increasing in Li3PO4, led to significant decrease in the crystallite size and aspect ratio of crystals. Furthermore, while the chemical resistance of the glasses was decreased with P2O5, it was increased with P2O5 after heat treatment process. The chemical solubility of these three glass-ceramics was between 2080~1188 μg/cm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrated p-type conduction in MoS2 grown with phosphorous pentoxide via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Monolayer MoS2 with a triangular shape and 15-µm grains was confirmed by atomic force microscopy. The difference between the Raman signals of the A1g and E12g modes for both the pristine and P-doped samples was 19.4 cm−1. In the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results, the main core level peaks of P-doped MoS2 downshifted by about 0.5 eV to a lower binding energy compared to the pristine material. Field-effect transistors (FETs) fabricated with the P-doped monolayer MoS2 showed p-type conduction with a field-effect mobility of 0.023 cm2/V⋅s and an on/off current ratio of 103, while FETs with the pristine MoS2 showed n-type behavior with a field-effect mobility of 29.7 cm2/V⋅s and an on/off current ratio of 105. The carriers in the FET channel were identified as holes with a concentration of 1.01 × 1011 cm−2 in P-doped MoS2, while the pristine material had an electron concentration of 6.47 × 1011 cm−2.

• The effect of P 2 O 5 incorporated in slag on the hydration characteristics of cement-slag system. • The migration of phosphorus ions into cement matrix. • The P/Si atomic ratio of the C-S-H gel phase. This paper presents the influence of P 2 O 5 incorporated in slag on the hydration characteristics of cement-slag system. It was found that the gradual addition of phosphorus oxide in slag did not change overall mineralogy of the hydration products. Except hydration retardation in the dormant stage, chemically bound water and portlandite contents, hydration degree of slag, and pore structure at all investigated ages were similar among cement-slag pastes with different P 2 O 5 percentages. Furthermore, significantly higher amount of monosulfate was observed as the P 2 O 5 content in slag increased. In addition, a higher Al/Si atomic ratio was measured in the C-S(A)-H gel phase formed in the cement matrix. However, similar Ca/Si atomic ratio of C-S(A)-H gel phase and Mg/Al atomic ratio of hydrotalcite-like phase were determined in all slag pastes, irrespective of the addition of P 2 O 5. In contrast to magnesium ion which was retained within the original slag boundary, phosphorus ions could migrate into cement matrix. Therefore, P/Si atomic ratio of the C-S-H gel phase increased with the increasing phosphorus oxide content in slag, reaching up to ∼0.08. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]