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Given the high failure rates of brand extensions, insights into the drivers of brand extension success are critical for marketing practitioners and scholars. Prior research has inferred that parent brand equity and extension fit are the two key success drivers; however, empirical findings are mixed. Drawing on signaling theory, categorization theory, and a large database of 2,134 effect sizes from research spanning 1990–2020, the authors address these mixed findings through a meta-analysis to develop empirical generalizations. The results show that parent brand equity and extension fit positively influence extension success. However, the multifaceted dimensions of these two drivers have differential effects. For example, among the fit dimensions, usage fit has the weakest effect. While the results suggest an overall positive interaction effect between the two drivers, a fine-grained perspective that considers the drivers' various dimensions reveals differences. For example, brand familiarity appears to have a lower interaction effect with extension fit than the other dimensions of parent brand equity. Furthermore, the authors provide a comprehensive analysis of five groups of moderators: contextual factors (parent brand, extension, communication, and consumer factors) and research method factors. The authors offer managerial and future research implications for the design of brand extension strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the role of state controlling shareholders in corporate payout policy. The State Capital Operation Program in China requires parent central state-owned enterprises (CSOEs) to contribute part of their consolidated income to a new fiscal fund. We find that listed CSOEs, partially controlled by parent CSOEs, experience significant reductions in dividend payouts as the income-contribution ratio increases. The dividend reductions are concurrent with increases in intragroup resource transfers— listed CSOEs' loans to, and commercial trades with, group peers. The program yields adverse consequences for listed CSOEs' investment and employment, yet being mitigated by group-level dividend reductions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does greenfield versus M&A FDI establishment mode influence intangible asset creation in the parent companies of Chinese MNEs undertaking overseas knowledge sourcing/strategic asset-seeking types of FDI? We hypothesise that while springboard type cross-border acquisitions provide opportunities for the rapid addition of locally embedded competence-creating foreign subsidiaries, challenges in developing intra-MNE knowledge diffusion channels may frustrate integration and thus retard subsequent growth of parent firms' intangible assets. Greenfield R&D FDI, by contrast, may initially lack local embeddedness but holds out the potential for superior intra-MNE linkages and thus reverse knowledge diffusion to the MNE parent. Our results, based upon propensity score matching and difference in difference models comparing CMNE parent outcomes for FDI projects over the 2003–2018 period, support this argument. We discuss implications for mainstream international business theorising, including springboard theory, which largely overlooks greenfield establishment mode as a means of rapid firm-level catch-up for emerging market MNEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a hybrid model of initial trust formation that highlights the role of social categorization and its interplay with both institutional trust and the individuating information about the party. Using data on 1,474 corporate venture capital (CVC) investments in European ventures and a case-control research design, we find that ventures more likely form initial CVC ties with investors whose parent companies are located in countries considered more trustworthy. This effect is weaker but does not disappear when social defenses safeguard ventures from misplacing trust and when there are social ties between CVC investors and ventures' independent VC investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case of the Rohingya genocide in Myanmar has increasingly come to illustrate the maximum evil of Facebook and its parent company, Meta. Yet most analyses of this case share a distinctive feature that radically narrows the scope of the problem: the focus is only on content that negatively characterizes the Rohingya, whether through hate speech, misinformation, or other efforts to construct them in ways that may be used to justify genocide. Such content is an important matter of concern. It warrants action, independent of causal effect. But the question of what conduct and content on Facebook may help cause violence must include analysis of a broader potential range that extends beyond characterizations of the victims. To specify some of this range, the article turns to scholarship from the field of genocide studies. In particular, it looks to the process of “in-group policing,” which involves constructing not just victims of genocide but also those who are supposed to support it. The bulk of the article then analyzes in-group policing in Myanmar and on Facebook, by offering new interpretations of publicly available evidence and drawing on observations from work in Myanmar during the five years before large-scale military attacks on the Rohingya in 2016–17. The article concludes by discussing the implications of its findings for ongoing efforts to pursue restitution and accountability for the Rohingya genocide, and proposing concrete questions with broad relevance for scholars and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Implementing quality tools and methods creates a basic foundation for innovations, sustainability, optimization, and competitiveness in the era of Industry 4.0 and Quality 4.0. This paper aimed to investigate the use of quality tools and methods in the 24 divisions of a mother manufacturing company without the influence of external factors such as geographical location (America, Africa, Asia, and Europe). It was important for the mother manufacturing company to implement a uniform process standard for innovation and performance. Research methods focused on using the Kanban card, Ishikawa diagram, affinity diagram, Flowchart, 5S, OPL, layout, and Pareto analysis. It was determined in this research that the synergy (combination) of quality tools and methods in divisions improves the process performance. This hypothesis was confirmed by the results of implementing quality tools in processes within divisions. A top result was the new innovative model of synergy of the quality tools and methods for divisions of the parent company thus filling a gap in the scientific field. This model created the basis for the uniform process standard in all divisions. The results brought improvements in the processes such as material input inspection, spare parts production, production process, and product packaging. This model could be a proactive instrument for process innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: Many corporate groups have multiple layers with parent companies owning subsidiaries, which own other subsidiaries, and so forth, in a pyramid‐like ownership structure. We argue that corporate groups perform their pollution‐intensive activities at the lower levels of the corporate hierarchy to buffer the parent from pollution‐related regulatory risks. Our analysis of 7400 US‐based business establishments owned by the 67 largest US‐headquartered chemical manufacturing corporate groups supported this argument. We also found that they were even more likely to do so in states with greater environmental stringency, whether it be in the home state of the parent or the host state of the subsidiary. Our research calls into question the effectiveness of environmental regulations if companies have the opportunity to shift polluting activities lower in their corporate hierarchy. Managerial Summary: Many commentators assert that firms offshore or outsource pollution‐intensive activities to avoid environmental regulations. In this research, we suggest a third approach in avoiding environmental regulations: locating pollution lower in the hierarchy of multilayered corporate groups, which are companies that own subsidiaries that own other subsidiaries and so on. By analyzing data on the 67 largest US‐headquartered chemical manufacturing corporate groups, we found support for this assertion. We also found that pollution is more likely to be located lower in multilayered corporate groups when they are subject to stringent environmental regulations. The multilayered corporate form allows parent companies to insulate themselves from the regulatory risks of pollution‐intensive activities of their subsidiaries through their limited liability status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Management & Business Research (2521-4306) is the property of Chinese Management Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Die Unternehmensbesteuerung (Ubg) is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the diversification of overseas subsidiaries on innovation performance of the parent company. Based on theoretical analysis and a combined Chinese firm dataset from 2000 to 2013, we find that diversification of overseas subsidiaries positively promotes the parent company innovation performance through the spillover effect of innovation capabilities. In addition, we determine that both the overseas and domestic investment layout can positively moderate the main effect. But there are differences between them. In concrete terms, the domestic investment layout plays a substitution effect in developed areas and acts a more pronounced moderating role in state-owned sample. Besides, the overseas investment layout plays a more important substitutive moderating role on non-state-owned enterprises. This research provides a special insight for studying the reverse spillover effect of OFDI in terms of the contribution of subsidiary linkages and offers several recommendations for multinational corporations to enhance the global competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines whether politicians exhibit hometown favoritism in assigning preferential corporate income tax rates. We find that firms with hometown connections to incumbent provincial leaders experience favorable tax treatment. This effect is more pronounced when those leaders have strong hometown preferences and weaker when they have a strong incentive to seek promotion, suggesting that social incentives are the primary drivers of the effects on corporate tax benefits of hometown favoritism by politicians. Moreover, this effect is intensified when members of senior management have personal connections with the provincial leader. The mechanism test reveals that the provincial governments tend to qualify connected firms for preferential tax policies under their jurisdictions. Overall, our results suggest that hometown favoritism by politicians promotes tax benefits for business entities. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text. JEL Classification: H26; H71; M48. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper examines how a firm's hierarchical complexity, which is determined by the way it organizes its subsidiaries across the hierarchical levels, can impact its stock price crash risk. Design/methodology/approach: The authors employ a measure of hierarchical complexity that captures the depth and breadth of how subsidiaries are organized within a firm. This measure is calculated using information about firms' subsidiaries extracted from the Bureau van Dijk (BvD) database that allows the authors to construct each firm's hierarchical structure. The data sample includes 2,461 USA firms for the period from 2012 to 2017 (11,006 firm-year observations). Univariate tests and panel regression are used for the main analysis. Two-stage-least-squares (2SLS) instrumental variable regression and various other tests are employed for robustness check. Findings: The results show a positive relationship between hierarchical complexity and stock price crash risk. This relationship is amplified in firms with a greater number of subsidiaries that are hierarchically distanced from the parent company as well as in firms with a greater number of foreign subsidiaries in countries with weaker rule of law. Originality/value: This paper is the first to investigate the impact hierarchical complexity has on crash risk. The results highlight the role that a firm's organizational structure can have on asset pricing behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has underscored the significance of the equity investment relationship in facilitating knowledge transfers between a joint venture and its parent company. Successful knowledge bridging in joint ventures plays a crucial role in shaping organizational learning and innovation performance outcomes. The empirical evidence on the effectiveness of knowledge transfers, however, presents a mixed picture. Through a rigorous sample selection process, we collect panel data on 366 joint venture-year observations across four industries during an 18-year period to empirically test the proposed hypotheses. In this research, we contend that the ability of joint ventures to act as knowledge bridges depends on the diversity of the parent's knowledge and the technological similarity between the joint venture and the parent, especially in the context of internal knowledge development. An examination of bridging performance in the relationship between joint ventures and parent companies indicates that both parental knowledge diversity and joint venture – parent technology similarity positively impact the knowledge acquired through the joint venture – parent equity relationship. Furthermore, when the joint venture strongly depends on internal knowledge, the positive relationship among parental knowledge diversity, joint venture – parent technology similarity, and joint venture knowledge bridging becomes more pronounced. Our findings shed light on how the specific features of a parent company contribute to the knowledge learning bridged by a joint venture and underscore the role of equity investments in joint venture firms' innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and associated coastal hazards can disrupt the United States shipbuilding and repair industry's operations. These disruptions present risks to military and commercial ship orders, ship maintenance and repairs, and the nation's overall shipbuilding strength. Through an online survey of representatives from 45 shipbuilding parent companies, individual shipyards, and ship repair and maintenance facilities, this research gauges how the industry considers coastal hazard resilience and addresses the possible impacts on shipbuilding and repair contracts and deliverables. Survey results suggest that the industry is ill-prepared for future coastal hazard events and that critical measures are needed to ensure a resilient shipbuilding and repair environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a 21-year longitudinal study of the relationship between Italian supercar manufacturer Automobili Lamborghini and its parent, German carmaker Audi AG, we examine how a unit's degree of organizational autonomy is renegotiated over long periods of time. Using detailed empirical data, we develop a process model of the dynamics of organizational autonomy in a unit–parent relationship. This process model shows an ongoing dialectical tension between parent managers' autonomy-reduction efforts and unit managers' autonomy-extension efforts, and it reveals oscillations in the unit managers' discretion over resource-orchestration decisions. Driving this dialectic are parent managers' appraisal respect for the unit, their search for firm-wide strategic integration, and unit managers' organizational identity and concern for distinctiveness. Our process model captures concurrent feedback loops that endogenously produce these oscillations between lower and higher autonomy. We then conceptualize a harmonic domain in the unit–parent relationship, in which these oscillations persist without deviating toward amalgamation or separation. Finally, we develop a theory of change in autonomy by identifying a theoretical link between resource orchestration and specific dimensions of organizational identity. Our study highlights the dialectical, dynamic, and ongoing nature of organizational autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of FinanzRundschau is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Strategic asset seeking foreign direct investment has undergone tremendous growth over the past decade. This paper first attempts to evaluate the location choice of such investments in Europe. We find that Chinese companies target strategic assets in Europe. The paper then moves to understand the efficacy of these investments in terms of the creation of strategic assets in the Chinese parent company. Our results show the intangible assets of Chinese domestic parent firms significantly increase in the wake of their investments. For greenfield investments, there is a longer time-lag in creation of intangible strategic assets than for acquisitions. However, greenfield investments result in a larger increase in intangible asset creation than acquisition investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct the parent-subsidiary industrial network within listed business groups in China. The results show that the higher the density of parent-subsidiary industrial network, the lower the quality of accounting information of listed companies. The more the parent company is in the centre of the industrial network, the higher the quality of accounting information of the listed company is. Geographical diversification of subsidiaries will intensify the adverse impact of industrial network density on the accounting information quality, and will restrain the parent-subsidiary industrial network governance effect in terms of the centrality of the listed parent company's industrial network. Based on agency theory and the empirical results of our research, it can be inferred that the parent-subsidiary relationship in the accounting information manipulation of listed business groups is more inclined to a parent company's supervision of its subsidiaries rather than the 'collusion' manipulation of the parent-subsidiary companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Die Unternehmensbesteuerung (Ubg) is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Bankrecht und Bankwirtschaft is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Derecho Fiscal is the property of Revista de Derecho Fiscal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Corporations with attractive core business prospects focus their attention on those core businesses and away from ICVs they may be pursuing, thus influencing how those ICVs are treated from a corporate parenting perspective and, in turn, how well they perform. Using data collected from 145 ICVs operating in 72 corporate parents, this research reveals that corporations with more attractive core businesses grant greater planning autonomy to their ICVs' managers, and planning autonomy contributes to ICV performance. Additional results reveal the moderating effects within our structural model of venture manager experience and the similarity of the ICV's product to those of other businesses within the corporation. Considered collectively, this research demonstrates why corporations that "need" their ICVs to be successful – because of poor prospects in their core businesses – are most likely to mismanage them. Unattractive core business prospects can be viewed as justifying corporate managers' involvement in the direct management of their firms' ICVs. However, venture planning autonomy is needed to avoid placing undue expectations on ICVs as the "saviors" of corporate performance. By extension, this need for autonomy is also anticipated to apply to other entrepreneurial contexts where experimentation and learning are significant concerns (e.g., business incubators, corporate venture capital investments, new venture divisions). Plain English Summary: This research demonstrates how and why corporations that have attractive core business operations are most likely to be good corporate parents to their internal corporate ventures (ICVs), and vice versa. In a sense, when it comes to internal corporate venturing, "the rich corporations get richer, and the poor corporations get poorer." Parent corporations with more attractive core business prospects were found to grant greater planning autonomy to the managers of their ICVs, and autonomy is needed to give ICV managers the discretion and flexibility they need when navigating their ventures though unchartered business territory. Overall, this research demonstrates the importance of corporate managers (1) granting ICV managers autonomy in planning their venture operations, (2) being willing to consider engaging in internal corporate venturing even though their firms' existing, core business operations may be attractive (i.e., before these ICVs "need" to be successful), and (3) not putting too much pressure on ICVs to "perform," and avoiding meddling in the management of those ventures, when prospects in the corporation's core business are unattractive. We argue that autonomy is likely efficacious in most entrepreneurial contexts where experimentation and learning are significant concerns (e.g., business incubators, corporate venture capital investments, new venture divisions). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the challenges faced by socially conscious corporations, particularly in cases where they are wholly owned subsidiaries of profit-oriented parent companies. It argues that the current legal system does not adequately address these conflicts and proposes a solution involving a two-tiered governance structure for corporations committed to activism.

Research Summary: Multi‐business firms redeploy human capital to strengthen individual business units. However, we know little about the antecedents of such redeployments and their effects on unit outcomes. Contributing to the resource redeployment and strategic human capital literatures, we test the relationships between parent–unit industry relatedness, the direction of redeployment (parent‐to‐unit and unit‐to‐parent), the type of human capital, the likelihood of redeployment, and post‐redeployment unit closure. Using Norwegian population‐level microdata of spinouts, we find that parent–unit industry relatedness increases the likelihood of human capital redeployment and that this effect is stronger for generalists than for specialists. Further, we find that parent‐to‐unit and unit‐to‐parent redeployment of generalists and specialists have distinct effects on unit closure, largely because of differences in post‐redeployment unit performance. Managerial Summary: Firms with multiple business units often transfer employees between units to strengthen them. However, we do not know which employees are more likely to be sent and which employees, if any, affect the receiving unit's survival and performance. Analyzing over 9000 spinouts in Norway between 2004 and 2015, we find that employees are more likely to be sent when the parent and the unit are in related industries. We further show that employees with specialized professional knowledge are sent regardless of relatedness, while generalists are sent when industries are related. Regarding post‐transfer unit survival, we find that parent‐to‐unit and unit‐to‐parent redeployment of generalists and specialists have distinct effects on survival, largely because of differences in the impact on post‐transfer unit performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Transactions carried out in MNEs among parent companies and subsidiaries affect the achievement of the strategic and operational objectives of MNEs, their financial results, taxes paid and intra-group relations. The aim of the paper is to justify the need to extend the areas of strategic management in MNEs to include the area of tax, in particular related to the valuation of transactions between entities within a group, and the need to meet the obligations related to transfer pricing. The practical aim of the article is to propose an original transfer pricing policy model for MNEs, which may be adopted to increase the transparency of settlements and have a positive impact on operational and strategic effectiveness within groups. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is based on qualitative research. Content analysis of legal provisions and prior literature was used for the collection of relevant data for building a transfer pricing policy model. Findings: A comprehensive and consistently implemented transfer pricing policy may help in optimizing the tax structure of MNEs, as well as minimizing the risk associated with changes in tax provisions. As an instrument influencing operational relations and performance management in MNEs, it can be a significant element of the strategic management of groups. Practical implications: The research impact upon MNEs is the possibility to apply and adopt the transfer pricing policy model proposed in the paper in order to support performance management within a group. Social implications: The way multinational entities conduct their business is often perceived negatively by society due to issues of tax evasion. The implementation of a comprehensive transfer pricing policy promotes corporate tax transparency and increases employee tax awareness. Originality/value: The originality of the article stems from a coherent combination of various aspects relating to intra-group transactions into one model, which on the one hand supports the management of subsidiaries, and on the other facilitates compliance with Polish and international legal provisions. The proposed model may be subject to further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Derecho Privado is the property of Fundacion Fernando Fueyo Laneri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study intends to investigate whether there are contagion effects resulting from supply-chain stock returns interaction and spillover effects deriving from returns volatility causation in quasi- vertically integrated Taiwan semiconductor industry. 17 paired groups (34 companies) of parent and subsidiary companies were found. The unit root test, LB-Q test, ARCH tests, Bi-GARCH model, parametric t test and nonparametric sign test, ranked sign test and Kruskal-Wallis test are applied. The major findings are as follows: Positive stock returns contagion effect exist in both parent-to-subsidiary and subsidiary-to-parent. Stock returns volatility spillover main and minor effects exist in quasi-vertically integrated supply chain. In general, the contagion effect and volatility spillover effect of parent-to-subsidiary are greater than those of subsidiary-to-parent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: Corporate parents are important to subsidiary performance, but prior strategy research presents mixed results about the extent to which parents drive subsidiary performance differences. Drawing on the corporate strategy literature, we argue that corporate parents' influence depends on the size of the corporate portfolio that determines subsidiaries' access to finite corporate resources and the contextual conditions—industrial relatedness and institutional distance—that favor or constrain the applicability of said resources. We find support using a variance decomposition analysis and data on 12,336 subsidiaries of 854 multinational firms. Our study demonstrates that the corporate effect varies according to the structure of the corporate portfolio and the subsidiaries in it. We reconcile theoretical arguments and empirical findings regarding the relative importance of corporate parents to subsidiary performance. Managerial Summary: A core objective of corporate managers is understanding those channels most salient to subsidiary performance. The implicit assumption is that the corporate parent matters, but how much so remains unclear, especially since corporate parents cannot contribute equally to all subsidiaries. We demonstrate that the corporate parents of small subsidiary portfolios play a significant role in explaining subsidiary performance differences vis‐à‐vis parents of larger portfolios. We also show how this relative importance increases when subsidiaries exhibit higher industrial relatedness to and institutional distance from the parent. Our findings offer insights into the role of corporate parents in multiunit firms that operate across multiple industries and geographic locations, as well as the need to consider the heterogeneity of corporate influence within and between subsidiary portfolios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of opening a high-speed railway (HSR) on the innovation output of offsite subsidiaries in China. Our findings suggest that the innovation output of offsite subsidiaries increases significantly after the opening of HSR between the cities in which the listed firms and their subsidiaries are located, and the results are robust after a series of robustness checks. Hence, the spatiotemporal squeezing effect generated by opening HSR significantly improves the efficiency of information exchange and resource sharing between parent and subsidiary companies, which greatly promotes the innovation output of offsite subsidiaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we use firm‐level data in Korea from 2010 to 2019 to analyze whether outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) affects the productivity of domestic firms, known as reverse knowledge spillovers. Using propensity score matching and difference‐in‐difference regressions, we verify that OFDI improves the productivity of parent companies. Considering the characteristics of OFDI and the parent company, these positive effects become greater when (1) parent company's absorptive capacity (technology level) is high, (2) OFDI is in the M&A form, and (3) OFDI is toward developed countries. In addition to these direct effects, we investigate whether OFDI improves the productivity of other domestic firms within and across industries, known as horizontal and vertical spillovers. The results demonstrate strong evidence of positive vertical spillovers but not horizontal spillovers. These evidence provide important policy implications about the specifics of outward direct investment that are beneficial to capital‐exporting countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Stiftungswesen is the property of Verlag Oesterreich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the importance of having a continuous and unique invoice number in the context of taxation and value-added tax regulations. It discusses legal requirements and administrative interpretations regarding invoice numbering and its impact on the ability to claim input tax deductions by businesses. It also addresses the European Union's role in harmonizing invoice requirements.

Copyright of FinanzRundschau is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of FinanzRundschau is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of FinanzRundschau is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While studies on corporate philanthropy have blossomed in recent times, little is known empirically about its practice formalized through foundations. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with seven corporate foundations, this paper explored the giving strategies, opportunities, and challenges of corporate foundations in Ghana. Our findings based on thematic analysis revealed that corporate foundations rely on a combination of strategies (request, media-lead, adoption, and contest) to identify potential beneficiaries and implement their giving programs. Further evidence indicates that giving of corporate foundations presents opportunities to the foundations themselves (serve society, get partnership offers from other companies, and obtain goodwill from the public) and their parent companies (indirect business and advertising opportunities). Nonetheless, corporate foundation giving is constrained by insufficient funding, lack of support from stakeholders, managing expectations of individuals, poor maintenance culture, and cultural rites. The findings have implications for practitioners as it present insights that could serve as a model to guide new entrants into the corporate foundation landscape of developing economies. In addition, the findings could assist the development of government interventions necessary to foster more formalized corporate giving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate venture capitalists (CVCs) have shorter lifespans than independent venture capitalists (IVCs), but the reasons for this are not well understood. This paper identifies influencing factors affecting lifespans of CVCs and IVCs. Based on a sample of 190 articles, this systematic review identifies 41 factors that influence VC performance across four dimensions: decisions about strategies, the exploitation of venture capital resources and characteristics, active involvement in the venture capital environment, and limited underlying room for maneuvering. These dimensions show differences in the decision-making of IVCs and CVCs and impact lifespan. CVCs yield greater financial performance than IVCs. However, our results suggest that five CVC-specific factors are significant influencing factors which can explain lifespan differences: investment objectives, organizational autonomy and structure, interorganizational relationships, commitment of corporate parent, and parent company size. Overall, the longevity of CVCs is largely determined by a number of internal decisions made between the CVC and its parent company. Limiting the influence of corporate parents is suggested to enhance the success and lifespan of CVCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Research studies on offshoring and reshoring have predominantly focused on the home company, widely ignoring the offshored company in the host country. The host company's influence and contribution have been unseen. This research explores how the host company responds to the home company's location decisions to maintain the dyadic relationship. Design/methodology/approach: An exploratory case study in China was conducted to examine the host company's response to reshoring. The case company has two Japanese parent companies that acted for the emergence of reshoring drivers. Primary and secondary data were collected and analysed through thematic analysis. The host company's response strategies to the home company's relocation decisions were identified and explored. Findings: The findings reveal that four strategies, identified here as being cost control, market expansion, knowledge seeking and relationship bonding, were implemented by the host company. The importance of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and knowledge transfer is also emphasised within these strategies. Practical implications: This research identified active and practical strategies conducted by the host company to maintain a cooperative relationship with the home company(ies). Instead of encountering a passive response from the host company, the home company may consider working with the host to overcome difficulties caused by emerging reshoring drivers and create an outcome beneficial to both. Originality/value: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first research to study manufacturing reshoring from the perspective of the host company. It provides a new perspective to understanding this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: Using matched employer‐employee data from 30 U.S. states covering a wide range of industries, we compare spinouts with new establishments formed by incumbents (INEs). We propose a selection‐based framework comprising idea selection by parents to internally implement ideas as INEs, entrepreneurial selection by founders to form spinouts, and exit selection to close ventures. Consistent with parents choosing better ideas in the idea selection stage, we find that INEs perform relatively better than spinouts, and more so with larger parents. Regarding the entrepreneurial selection stage, we find evidence consistent with resource requirements being a greater entry barrier to spinouts. Parents' resource redeployment opportunities are associated with lower relative survival of INEs, consistent with their being subject to greater selection pressures in the exit selection stage. Managerial Summary: Spinouts, or new ventures started by employees leaving a parent firm, have received special attention because spinouts tend to outperform other types of new firms. This superior performance is typically attributed to the better knowledge and higher‐quality ideas developed by the founders at parent firms. However, parent firms can also select and implement such ideas internally, particularly if they are good quality ideas. We compare spinouts with new establishments formed within parent firms and find that consistent with such a process of selection, the latter outperform spinouts, more so in the case of larger parents. Interestingly, new establishments of parent firms tend to close at a greater rate than spinouts, consistent with parent firms being able to redeploy resources elsewhere within their firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Die Unternehmensbesteuerung (Ubg) is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)