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The purpose of this study was to assess the immediate effect of video feedback on the regulation and control of the standing back tuck somersault in the absence of vision. Two groups of male parkour athletes performed the standing back tuck somersault under both open and closed eyes conditions. The first group received video feedback, while the second group received verbal feedback. Concurrent analysis, including kinetic data from a force plate (Kistler Quattro-Jump) and kinematic data in two-dimensional by Kinovea freeware, was employed for motion and technical performance analysis. The results indicate that the loss of vision during the standing back tuck somersault affected only the take-off and ungrouping angle, as well as the vertical velocity and displacement. These effects were consistent regardless of the type of feedback provided (i.e., video feedback or verbal feedback). Furthermore, a significant Vision × Feedback interaction was observed at the level of technical performance. This suggests that the use of video feedback enabled the parkour athletes to maintain a high level of technical performance both with and without vision (i.e., 13.56 vs. 13.00 points, respectively, p >.05 and d = 2.233). However, the verbal feedback group technical performance declined significantly under the no-vision condition compared with the vision condition (13.14 vs. 10.25 points, respectively, with and without vision, p <.001 and d = 2.382). We concluded that when the movement is proprioceptively controlled (i.e., without vision), the video feedback enables the athletes to globally assess the technical deficiencies arising from the lack of vision and to correct them. These findings are discussed based on parkour athletes' ability to evaluate the kinematic parameters of the movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeMethodsFindingsConclusionsAs an extension of adventure education in school physical education, parkour has the potential to develop problem-solving and creative thinking along with the development of curriculum linked motor competencies and self-competence in a fun and risk-taking environment. This study aimed to investigate whether an adventure education model-based parkour intervention is more effective than the regular physical education in development of divergent thinking, motor creativity, movement competence and perceived motor competence of fourth-grade students.A quasi-experimental, between group design was used. The participants were 55 fourth-grade students (Intervention: 28 from 1 school, Comparison: 27 from 2 schools) in rural regions. An eight-week parkour intervention (16 sessions) was designed and conducted for the intervention group, while the comparison group continued the regular physical education curriculum. One-way ANCOVA was used for the data analysis (p < .01). Measurement tools included Play Creativity, Divergent Thinking: Realistic Presented Problems, Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder: KTK and Perceived Motor Competence Questionnaire in Childhood (PMC-C).Significant differences in motor creativity [F(1,52) = 9.76, p = .003, partial η2 = .158], divergent thinking skills [fluency F(1,52) = 33.14, p < .001, partial η2 = .389; originality F(1,52) = 7.39, p = .009, partial η2 = .124], movement competence [F(1,52) = 34.45, p < .001, partial η2 = .398], and perceived motor competence [F(1,52) = 7.44, p = .009, partial η2 = .125] were observed when compared to the comparison group. The intervention integrity was assessed to be 90%, and the attendance rate of the participants in the intervention was 87.2%.This adventure education model-based parkour unit was effective in developing general and movement related creativity, as well as movement competence and perceived motor competence of primary school students. This study has implications for deploying movement exploratory approaches such as parkour as a means to achieve quality physical education characteristics which could involve professional development on the adventure education framework, parkour specific training, as well as non-linear and physical literacy enriched pedagogical practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to investigate voluntary participation of lower-, average, and higher skilled children during parkour recess and MVPA in physical education, parkour recess and regular recess. In total 147 (55 girls, 92 boys) elementary children from seven schools participated. During (i.e., generalization) and after (i.e., maintenance) a 10-lesson parkour unit was taught, five parkour recess sessions were organized. Systematic observation was used to assess children’s physical activity levels. Average skilled children participated more (74%) in parkour recess compared to higher skilled children (55%; p=.002). No differences were found for MVPA between lower-, average -and higher skilled children in any of the settings. Regardless of skill level, children voluntarily participated in parkour recess with MVPA levels 15-20% higher compared to regular recess. These findings are especially important for lower-skilled children, who are more at risk for lower participation in physical activities and adhering to physical activity guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of performer training remains closely entwined with the authorial vision of twentieth Century practitioners. Performers in the context of theatre and dance are still trained to embody specific ways of being and doing, defined in relation the aesthetic and philosophical concerns of artists making work in the last century. However, as industry practices and scholarship move further away from paradigms of single authorship, or ensembles tied to the vision of auteurs, conventional, studio-based training practices have come under scrutiny. This has led educators and institutions to explore alternative models of training, prioritising student agency and choice. This article analyses the decentralised training practices of Parkour. It examines how Parkour practitioners use video sharing to spread innovations in practice and technique, establishing a training culture that promotes agential learning and experimentation. By looking at online documentation of training and video sharing from the Parkour team Storror, the article argues that Parkour training establishes models of experimentation and innovation that are decentralised and rooted in the agency and curiosity of the practitioner. The article concludes by considering how culture and practices from Parkour might inform the broader field of performer training – articulating strategies for encouraging student agency in learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During its twenty-year history as a globally popular lifestyle sport, parkour has undergone institutionalization, professionalization and commercialization. In this article, the analysis of these changes is based on interviews conducted with Finnish traceurs who have long experience in parkour as practitioners and coaches, with some of them having parkour as their main occupation. Earlier research with the same participants provides the background to the subject and offers an overview of the development of the Finnish parkour scene. Special attention is paid to the ways in which indoor facilities and parkour parks have changed traceurs' relationships with urban public spaces. These changes are analysed by applying the concepts of tight and loose spaces. The study shows how some participants strongly connected parkour to its original roots, whereas others emphasized its physical elements and were not that concerned about the sportization of the discipline. Due to the increased popularity of indoor facilities and parkour parks, parkour's visibility in public spaces had diminished, which had decreased encounters between traceurs and other users of the same space and thus decreased parkour's potential to loosen urban spaces – to make them more tolerant towards different ways of being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science of Gymnastics Journal is the property of Science of Gymnastics Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the generalization of participation in parkour from physical education to parkour recess in two different elementary school classes taught by the same teacher. One class of 2nd grade (n = 19) and one class of 3rd grade (n= 26) elementary school children were taught a seven-lesson parkour unit during physical education. The teacher and the children were new to parkour, and the teacher taught each lesson first to the second-grade class followed by the third-grade class. The voluntary participation and MVPA of children from both classes in six parkour recess sessions connected with seven physical education lessons were recorded. In physical education, MVPA, lesson context, and teacher's physical activity promotion in both classes were investigated. Results indicated that more time was spent in management in grade 2 (50%) compared to grade 3 (45%). In grade 3, children had more skill practice and achieved more MVPA compared to second graders during physical education (38% versus 35%, p<.001). There was more in class physical activity promotion in third grade (15%) compared to second grade (7%). More children from 3rd grade participated in parkour recess (74%) compared to children from 2nd grade (43%, p=0.001), although both groups achieved similar mean MVPA levels (70%). The generalization of participation in parkour from physical education to recess varied between classes taught by the same teacher. This might be the result of teaching the content to two classes, which enabled the teacher to adapt the content and refine teaching strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the number of practitioners of disciplines such as parkour, break dance or calisthenics (freestyle or street workout) has increased. These disciplines share common characteristics, such as an unregulated street origin and a focus on acrobatics. This study aimed to analyze the state of scientific publications related to these acrobatic street sports. A bibliometric analysis was conducted, applying traditional bibliometric laws to scientific documentation found in journals indexed in WoS and Scopus. Data processing and visualization were performed using Bibliometrix and Excel. A total of 199 articles published between 1984 and 2024 were identified, indicating exponential growth. Among these, 139 papers were related to parkour, 48 to breakdance, and 12 to street workout. A review of 158 journals revealed that they contained related publications, although their distribution did not conform to Bradford’s model, showig only two areas. Among 417 authors identified, 22 were deemed prolific and 12 prominent. France emerged as the most prolific country, followed by the USA. The 553 author keywords were categorized into three groups, each associated with one of the sports. The 26 most cited papers were selected as relevant, demonstrating a correlation between the increase in publications and the popularization of these sports, largely due to television exposure. The "International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics” emerged as the most prolific journal. The most relevant authors identified in each sport were Signey Grosprêtre (parkour); Max Daniel Kauther and Christian Wedemeyer (breakdance); and Javier Sanchez-Martinez (street workout).

Purpose: Our purpose was to investigate the effect of generalization of participation in parkour from physical education classes to organized parkour recess. Methods: A total of 143 (64 girls and 79 boys) third-grade elementary school children received a 12-lesson parkour sport education season in physical education. Voluntary participation in five organized parkour recess sessions was investigated. Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) data in physical education, organized parkour recess, and traditional recess were collected. Results: Girls participated significantly more in organized parkour recess compared with boys (53% vs. 35%, p =.034). Boys achieved significantly higher MVPA than girls in physical education (47% vs. 42%, p =.045), organized parkour recess (73% vs. 65%, p =.003), and traditional recess (56% vs. 36%, p <.001). Children generated on average 22% of MVPA through performing parkour-specific skills in organized parkour recess. Conclusion: Generalization of participation from physical education classes to organized recess programs is a promising strategy to increase children's daily MVPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is used to modulate brain function, and can modulate motor and postural control. While the acute effect of tDCS is well documented on patients, little is still known whether tDCS can alter the motor control of healthy trained participants. This study aimed to assess the acute effect of tDCS on postural control of parkour practitioners, known for their good balance abilities and their neuromuscular specificities that make them good candidates for tDCS intervention. Eighteen parkour practitioners were tested on three occasions in the laboratory for each stimulation condition (2 mA; 20 minutes)–primary motor cortex (M1), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and sham (placebo). Postural control was evaluated PRE and POST each stimulation by measuring Center of Pressure (CoP) displacements on a force platform during static conditions (bipedal and unipedal stance). Following M1 stimulation, significant decreases were observed in CoP area in unipedal (from 607.1 ± 297.9 mm2 to 451.1 ± 173.9 mm2, P = 0.003) and bipedal (from 157.5 ± 74.1 mm2 to 117.6 ± 59.8 mm2 P<0.001) stances. As well, the CoP total length was significantly reduced in bipedal (from 3416.8 ± 295.4 mm to 3280.6 ± 306.2 mm, P = 0.005) as well as in unipedal stance (from 4259.6 ± 398.4 mm to 3846.5 ± 468.9 mm, P<0.001), only after M1 stimulation. Relative pre-post changes observed after M1 stimulation were negatively correlated to experience in parkour only after unipedal stance (r = 0.715, P<0.001), meaning that the more participants were trained the less tDCS was effective. No significant changes were noticed after sham and dlPFC stimulation. These results suggested that the modulation of gait performance in athletes following an acute intervention of tDCS is specific to the targeted brain region, and that postures with reduced base of support (such as unipedal stance) were more sensitive to tDCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkour is a recent type of sport where the body appears to produce moving sequences along urban spaces. Now, however smooth these sequences might seem, our perception of them entails media representations of the sport already. These actually generate certain uneasiness in practitioners themselves, who see them more like stagings than accurate depictions. Still, media representations are paramount to understand the social organization of parkour. What ensues is thus a paradox on parkour's media uses, which on a closer examination uncovers the role of non-representational strategies that contribute to organize the activity. Some non-representational forms may be read or discerned through media traces, while other non-representational strategies may function as contextual common ground. Developing emergent categories out of a grounded theory approach,this article examines how both representational and non-representational elements interact together, underlining the unique capacity of a urban experience to set an distinctive organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decades, sport federations have been confronted with new variants of sports, such as parkour. Parkour is considered a lifestyle sports which embraces a specific culture that often conflicts with the culture of federation-organized sport (Sterchele and Ferrero Camoletto 2017). Participation in lifestyle sports is increasing rapidly, which may pose a threat to the market position of federations regarding leisure sports (Gilchrist and Wheaton 2011). Despite the studies emphasizing the dichotomous relation between sport federations and lifestyle sports, our study explores why and how both can reconcile. In particular, our study examined how and why readiness for change was achieved in the gymnastic federation as well as in the parkour community for integrating parkour into the federation. Applying a single-case study design, drawing on Oakland and Tanner (2007) change framework, our study revealed several key mechanisms to develop a lifestyle sport in a federation context. Organizational learning proved to be an essential determinant to overcome the cultural differences. Furthermore, our results emphasized the importance of leveraging behavioural and technical leadership in the change process. This study enhances sport managers' knowledge on how they should approach lifestyle sport communities, while delivering insights to lifestyle sport communities on the intentions of federations regarding their sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluency is a movement parameter combining smoothness and hesitation, and its objective measurement may be used to determine the effects of practice on sports performance. This study aimed to measure fluency in parkour, an acrobatic discipline comprising complex non-cyclical movements, which involves fluency as a critical aspect of performance. Inter-individual fluidity differences between advanced and novice athletes as well as intra-individual variations of fluency between different parts and subsequent repetitions of a path were addressed. Seventeen parkour participants were enrolled and divided into two groups based on their experience. We analysed signals captured from an inertial measurement unit fixed on the back of the pelvis of each participant during three consecutive repetitions of a specifically designed parkour routine under the guidance of video analysis. Two fluency parameters, namely smoothness and hesitation, were measured. Smoothness was calculated as the number of inflexions on the so-called jerk graph; hesitation was the percentage of the drop in the centre of mass velocity. Smoothness resulted in significantly lower values in advanced athletes (mean: 126.4; range: 36-192) than in beginners (mean: 179.37; range: 98-272) during one of the three motor activities (p = 0.02). A qualitative analysis of hesitation showed that beginner athletes tended to experience more prominent velocity drops and negative deflection than more advanced athletes. In conclusion, a system based on a video and an inertial measurement unit is a promising approach for quantification and the assessment of variability of fluency, and it is potentially beneficial to guide and evaluate the training process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I argue that parkour can be understood as a way to recapture moments of non-alienated human experience in urban space. I draw on Hartmut Rosa's theory of temporally caused alienation and Edward Casey´s phenomenological study of place and space. Based on empirical data I describe how the practitioners aren't indifferent to urban space, but they carry a unique material curiousness and a concrete physical presence wherever they go, thereby enabling an experience of resonance. Even though parkour, as well as other informal sports, is subjected to societal patterns of sportification, acceleration and alienation, it is a good example proving that human beings can transform, for a moment, the most alienated environment, into a place of play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Capital Institute of Physical Education is the property of Shoudu Tiyu Xueyuan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

On December 3rd, 2018, the 82nd Congress of the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG), voted to include parkour as the FIG's 8th gymnastic discipline. Unlike, trampoline and acrobatic gymnastics, which became gymnastic disciplines following the agreed dissolution of their respective federations, parkour's inclusion followed two years of unilateral and ultra vires development of competitive showcases. Despite athlete participation in FIG-organized parkour competitions, the global parkour community has been largely opposed to parkour under FIG, especially its attempts to include parkour in the Olympic programme. This situation catalyzed the federating of the international federation Parkour Earth. However, all attempts by the global parkour community to halt the FIG's appropriation of parkour have proved unsuccessful to date. Digital ethnographic work conducted during the controversy and the authors' experiences as key protagonists in the formation and administration of Parkour Earth highlights the politics, influences, and power struggles between the different stakeholders. With help from Ritzer's theory of grobalization it is clear that the FIG is attempting to grobalize parkour to grow its power and profits, and the IOC is enabling, and to some extent complicit in this process. This has implications for the parkour community and other long-standing gymnastic disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of vision (i.e., open and closed eyes) on the kinetic and kinematic parameters of the standing back tuck somersault (SBTS) in artistic gymnasts and parkour athletes. Methods: Eleven male parkour athletes (age 22.53 ± 2.36 years; height 1.72 ± 0.08 m; weight 69.58 ± 3.72 kg) and seven male artistic gymnasts (age 21.96 ± 2.64 years; height 1.62 ± 0.02 m; weight 63.54 ± 1.35 kg) participated in this study. Each subject was asked to perform the SBTS in the same condition (i.e., first open-eyes then closed-eyes). 2D kinetic and kinematic analysis was conducted. Results: The results showed significant interaction (i.e., vision and sport) obtained at the take-off angle (p < 0.05 and d = 1.992), horizontal displacement (p < 0.05 and d = 1.906) and technical execution (p < 0.05 and d = 1.972). This interaction indicates that when vision is permitted, artistic gymnasts and parkour athletes were similar in all kinetic and kinematic parameters, and technical execution (p > 0.05). However, the elimination of vision during SBTS only affected parkour athletes (i.e., landing angle, ground reaction force, vertical velocity and technical execution, p < 0.05 and d >1.20) while artistic gymnasts remain unchanged. Conclusion: We conclude that the specificity of the practice in each of the two sports disciplines influences the kinetic and kinematic control of the SBTS and suggests that with closed-eyes, the integration of afferent information relating to the vestibular and proprioceptive systems is different and specific to each discipline's goal. Artistic gymnasts seem to be better skilled in the mechanical and technical control of the SBTS than parkour athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iluminuras is the property of Revista Iluminuras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This study is a secondary analysis of the IDOSP trial published in the Annals of Surgery 2020. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of stereo acuity on surgical performance in a laparoscopic training parkour with 3D- versus 4 K-2D-display technique. Methods: The surgical performance of medical students (MS), non-board-certified surgeons (NBC), and board-certified surgeons (BC) was compared using 3D- versus 4 K-2D-display technique at a training parkour in a randomized cross-over trial. Stereo acuity was tested by TNO and Titmus Stereo tests. Results: Eighty-nine participants were included in this sub-trial. The median stereo acuity for all participants, measured with the Titmus test, was 25 s arc, with TNO test 30 s arc. Higher quality stereo vision, measured with the Titmus test, correlated significantly with a reduced parkour time (r = 0.26, p = 0.02) and error (r = 0.21, p = 0.048) with the 3D screen. The TNO test did not correlate significantly with parkour performance. There was no statistically significant correlation between parkour time nor error and stereo acuity using the 4 K system (p > 0.457 respectively). Higher age showed a significant correlation with lower stereo acuity measured with TNO (r = 0.21, p = 0.014), but not with the Titmus test (r = − 0.7, p = 0.39). Seven percent of the group "NBC and BC" showed reduced stereo acuity > 120 s arc with the Titmus test and 3% with the TNO test. Conclusion: High-quality stereo vision is of utmost importance for surgical skills using a 3D-display system. This was most obvious for MS and for tasks that place particularly high demands on hand–eye coordination. The Titmus test was more precise than the TNO test to predict the benefit of a 3D monitor system. Experience and fine motor skills could partly compensate for a poorer stereo acuity. Trial registration: This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (trial number: NCT03445429, registered February 26, 2018). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backward standing is considered as one of the most important and commonly-used movements in free running parkour, where it may take place at any point while performing the skills. The study sample consisted of (1) player from the academy of Parkour and free running in Basra, where the participant trains in the hall of gymnastics training center of Basra directorate of education. Data were taken by 240 photo/second by using iPad 2020 camera, and this allowed the calculation of kinematic data. The results revealed that as the numbers of rotation increase, the communication angle at which the athlete lands on the mat while standing up decreases. In the back flip with one rotation (360°), the angle average was (51.9°), while in the back flip with two rotations (720°), the angle average was (49.3°). These results contribute to improving the technical training among parkour athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various reports within the issue on topics, including the experiences of gymnasts Ilona Peuker of Brazil and Karin Lindberg of Sweden and their prominent role in shaping gymnastics in their respective countries and the inclusion of parkour in the Olympic gymnastics programme.

Animals with altered freerunning periods are valuable in understanding properties of the circadian clock. Understanding the relationship between endogenous clock properties, entrainment, and influence of light in terms of parametric and non-parametric models can help us better understand how different populations adapt to external light cycles. Many clinical populations often show significant changes in circadian properties that in turn cause sleep and circadian problems, possibly exacerbating their underlying clinical condition. BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice are a model commonly used for the study of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Adults and adolescents with ASD frequently exhibit profound sleep and circadian disruptions, including increased latency to sleep, insomnia, advanced and delayed sleep phase disorders, and sleep fragmentation. Here, we investigated the circadian phenotype of BTBR mice in freerunning and light-entrained conditions and found that this strain of mice showed noticeably short freerunning periods (~22.75 h). In addition, when compared to C57BL/6J controls, BTBR mice also showed higher levels of activity even though this activity was compressed into a shorter active phase. Phase delays and phase advances to light were significantly larger in BTBR mice. Despite the short freerunning period, BTBR mice exhibited normal entrainment in light-dark cycles and accelerated entrainment to both advanced and delayed light cycles. Their ability to entrain to skeleton photoperiods of 1 min suggests that this entrainment cannot be attributed to masking. Period differences were also correlated with differences in the number of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide–expressing cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Overall, the BTBR model, with their unique freerunning and entrainment properties, makes an interesting model to understand the underlying circadian clock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many lifestyle sports are undergoing a process of institutionalisation and sportisation. A growing body of research in the institutionalisation of lifestyle sport is developing. This is especially the case for parkour where researchers have begun analysing how parkour has been developed in different national contexts. By drawing on institutional theory and various empirical data collected through ethnographical field studies, this article offers a qualitative analysis about how the national, socio-cultural context and the sport governance system have coloured the institutionalisation of parkour in Denmark. The institutionalisation has been driven by the practitioners' interest in getting access to sport facilities and therefore a need to accommodate the sport governance system. But also, at the same time, by the existing associations who are facing challenges to attract young people and therefore integrating parkour into their schedules. Even though the institutionalisation creates tensions, it also illuminates how parkour has been integrated into the existing gymnastic organisations without being turned into an achievement sport, but as a sport-for-all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice of parkour in urban spaces by young people, especially those who call themselves traceurs ("plotters"), illustrates how identities are formed in an ephemeral way by reinterpreting spaces in the city – briefly and without leaving a trace. However, in a sort of paradox, these interventions are registered in the socio-digital spectrum, tokenistically anchoring and incorporating them into conversations and social interactions. This work aims to explain the practice of the sport called parkour as a socio-semiotic phenomenon. We have used some zones of Mexico City as a specific case for our approach. The foregoing leads to the conclusion that the meaning of parkour goes beyond its recreational role and places it as a relevant piece of identity for excluded urban social groups – even though these practices have been appropriated by marketing strategies. Our approach will use a cultural semiotics perspective, as well as direct observations and interviews as research techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In "Postscript on Societies of Control", French philosopher Gilles Deleuze proclaimed that "Everywhere surfing has replaced the older sports". By this, he alluded to Foucault's thoughts on older societal regimes and power diagrams of sovereignty and discipline, and that now such models have been supplemented with governance through control and allegations of increased freedom. This article has as its point of departure the potential of sports to reflect social change. Contemporaneously to the coining of Deleuze's surfing sentence, a new sport emerges: parkour, in which practitioners "surf" the urban realm. This practice gained attention globally when it was featured in the 2006 James Bond film Casino Royale. The analysis in this article revolves around the different ways of moving in and through the environment in the renowned parkour chase in the beginning of the movie. How do different kinds of displacement in the parkour chase of Casino Royale relate to the transition between the societies described by Deleuze, and what new adaptations emerge and what old logics and models return? It is concluded that the older forms of power prevail and that the ideal of the society of control cannot be realised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O Parkour é uma prática que vem ganhando espaço nas cidades brasileiras, uma vez que o mobiliário urbano apresenta um cenário perfeito para essa manifestação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o surgimento e o desenvolvimento do Parkour em Vitória, Espírito Santo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, na qual se utilizou para a coleta de dados a entrevista estruturada com um praticante de reconhecido envolvimento com o Parkour. Com base nos resultados, estabeleceram-se as categorias que trataram da história do Parkour na capital capixaba, os aspectos pedagógicos de seu ensino-aprendizado e o perfil de seus praticantes. Foi possível constatar que o Parkour surgiu em Vitória em 2004 sob forte influência midiática. Seus participantes são na maioria jovens e seu desenvolvimento ocorreu por meio da divulgação empírica entre os grupos de praticantes e como forma de lazer e confraternização.

The following paper contributes to interdisciplinary debates at the intersection of informal sport/leisure, migration and urban studies. It does so by drawing on an ethnographic research with young men of migrant origins in Turin, Italy, and by addressing the relevance of parkour in the participants’ experiences and negotiations of ‘what it means to (not) belong’ in urban spaces. The focus on parkour provides a unique entry point to address the politics of belonging that unfold in urban spaces as contested sites where competing images of the city, the nation and of who belongs to them converge, clash and overlap. This is particularly relevant, though not limited to the Italian context, where political narratives and realities still legally and socially define the children of migration as alien bodies in the nation, while Turin’s urban leaderships portray youth cultures and multicultural diversity as assets for the city’s symbolic, cultural and financial regeneration. As the intersection of such discourses shapes the manifold ways through which post-migrant urban subjects become essentialised, valorised and pathologised in Turin, the paper’s findings foreground the relevance of informal sports as entry points to (re)consider discussions on citizenship, conviviality and rights (to the city) in contemporary urban contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkour is the sport of rapid and efficient movement across the cityscape. Less than 50 years old, parkour matured alongside the internet and handheld recording devices. Combining a flâneur's dérive with a daredevil attitude, traceurs unlock a hidden ludic stratum of the built environment. By applying Eisenstein's montage theory and Choisy's peripatetic analysis of the Acropolis, parkour's legibility increases dramatically. Eliding the Brutalism of the IMAX at Waterloo Station, London and Manpower Gap in Évry, France, a montage of architecture and sport is created. Trespassing and transgressive, parkour is about unrestricted movement and the defying of the planned intent. Pitting architecture, society, moving bodies, and film against each other, sites and runs must be montaged to be understood. Dynamically promenaded via chase and body cameras, the mobile viewer transcends quotidian architecture, makes new meaning, and temporarily escapes the strictures of the metropolis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce a method to automatically reconstruct the 3D motion of a person interacting with an object from a single RGB video. Our method estimates the 3D poses of the person together with the object pose, the contact positions and the contact forces exerted on the human body. The main contributions of this work are three-fold. First, we introduce an approach to jointly estimate the motion and the actuation forces of the person on the manipulated object by modeling contacts and the dynamics of the interactions. This is cast as a large-scale trajectory optimization problem. Second, we develop a method to automatically recognize from the input video the 2D position and timing of contacts between the person and the object or the ground, thereby significantly simplifying the complexity of the optimization. Third, we validate our approach on a recent video + MoCap dataset capturing typical parkour actions, and demonstrate its performance on a new dataset of Internet videos showing people manipulating a variety of tools in unconstrained environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]