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The article presents the life and achievements of Antonio de Ulloa, a Spanish sailor and scientist from the 18th century. Born in Seville in 1716, Ulloa excelled in mathematics and participated in a scientific expedition to Quito, Ecuador, to measure a meridian arc and determine the exact shape of the Earth. During the expedition, Ulloa and his companion Jorge Juan mapped the coasts and islands of the Pacific and explored the region. Upon his return to Europe, Ulloa was captured by the English, but managed to recover his scientific documentation and was recognized by the Royal Society in London. Upon returning to Spain, Ulloa promoted scientific research and participated in the creation of important scientific institutions. [Extracted from the article]

Jorge Juan Santacilia was a Spanish sailor, engineer, and scientist born in 1713 in Novelda, Alicante. He participated in a Franco-Spanish scientific expedition to measure the shape of the Earth, demonstrating that it was flattened at the poles. During his mission, he also mapped the coasts and islands of the Pacific and studied the customs of the peoples of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Additionally, he was sent to England on an industrial espionage mission to study British shipbuilding techniques. He died in 1773 in Madrid. [Extracted from the article]

The article is about the life and career of chemist and physicist Miguel A. Catalán Sañudo, specialized in Spectroscopy. Catalán made important discoveries in the field of spectrography, such as the multiplets in the spectrum of manganese, which allowed for advancements in the interpretation of the electronic structure of atoms. He collaborated with internationally recognized scientists and participated in the creation of the National Institute of Physics and Chemistry in 1932. Despite the difficulties caused by the Spanish Civil War, Catalán continued working in industry and education, and was remembered as an outstanding scientist and educator. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the life and contributions of French mathematician Laurent Schwartz (1915-2002), highlighting his groundbreaking work on the theory of distributions and his significant impact on mathematics and education. It states that Schwartz, known for his integrity and passion, overcame personal and societal challenges, including his involvement in political activism and his struggles during World War II.

The article "Recovering the memory of Frank Sherwood Rowland (1927-2012)" narrates the life and career of American scientist Frank Sherwood Rowland. Rowland was born in 1927 in Delaware, Ohio, and studied chemistry at the University of Chicago. In 1974, he became interested in the effect of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on the atmosphere and discovered that these compounds could damage the ozone layer. Along with Mario Molina, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995 for their contribution to the protection of the ozone layer. The article provides links to various sources that contain information about the biography and work of Rowland and Molina. [Extracted from the article]

The book "The Skies Portrayed: Journey through Time and Weather in Painting" is an art treatise that explores the relationship between weather and painting throughout history. The author, José Miguel Viñas, is an atmospheric physicist and meteorologist who combines his passion for science and art in this work. The book examines different genres of clouds represented in paintings from different eras and artists, and analyzes how these atmospheric elements reflect the experiences and research of the artists. The objective of the book is to establish a link between scientific dissemination and art, blurring the boundary between sciences and humanities. The book was presented at the Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences in Madrid. [Extracted from the article]

The article talks about the life and legacy of Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, a prominent British chemist known for her work in X-ray crystallography. Hodgkin developed X-ray diffraction techniques to determine the molecular structures of biological interest, and her technique has been crucial in elucidating the structure of numerous organic compounds and natural products. Despite the obstacles she faced as a woman in her field, Hodgkin managed to stand out and became the third woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964. In addition to her scientific work, Hodgkin was also a peace advocate and participated in the "Pugwash" movement. She died in 1994 at the age of 84. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents the life and career of Inez Fung, a prominent climatologist. Born in Hong Kong in 1949, Fung graduated in applied mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and obtained her Ph.D. in Meteorology in 1977. Throughout her career, Fung has worked on climate modeling, biogeochemical cycles, and climate change, contributing to reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Currently, Fung is a member of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology and has received numerous awards for her work in the field of climatology. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents the life and work of Esteban Terradas e Illa, a Spanish mathematician, scientist, and engineer. Terradas was recognized for his contributions in mathematics and physics, as well as his involvement in educational reform in Catalonia. He held academic positions at universities in Zaragoza and Barcelona, and was a member of the Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences. Additionally, he played an important role in the construction of the telephone network and secondary railways in Catalonia, as well as in projects related to aeronautics in Argentina. The article provides links to online sources that contain additional biographical information about Terradas Illa. [Extracted from the article]

Lynn Margulis was an American biologist born in Chicago in 1938. She studied at the University of Chicago and the University of Wisconsin, specializing in cell biology and genetics. Her main contributions include the theory of serial endosymbiosis, the classification of life into five kingdoms, and the formulation of the theory of symbiogenesis. She was recognized as a member of the National Academy of Sciences and received numerous awards and honorary doctorates. Her groundbreaking work on eukaryotic cells and endosymbiosis has transformed our understanding of life on Earth. Margulis also wrote books that influenced many young people to study science, and her unique perspective opened up a new way of understanding evolution and ecology. She passed away in 2011, leaving a lasting legacy in the field of biology. [Extracted from the article]

María Teresa Toral Peñaranda was a Spanish chemist, pharmacist, and printmaker artist. Despite her academic brilliance and dedication to science, her scientific career was interrupted due to her political affiliation during the Spanish Civil War, which led to her being sentenced to prison. After her release, she went into exile in Mexico, where she continued her scientific research and developed a successful career as a printmaker artist. Her artistic work was internationally recognized and stood out for her experimentation and search for new mediums. Although she passed away in 1994, her work is still remembered and valued to this day. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents the profile of Maryam Mirzakhani, an Iranian mathematician, as an example for the International Day of Women and Girls in Science. Topics include Mirzakhani's background, her achievements in mathematics, her contributions to the field, and her impact as a role model for women in science; and Mirzakhani's personal life, including her family and her untimely death from breast cancer.

An interview with Graciela M. Salaberri Vacani, a meteorologist and the Permanent Secretary of the Latin American and Iberian Federation of Meteorological Societies (FLISMET). Topics include FLISMET's role in supporting affiliated societies such as forming a working group to investigate the professionalism of meteorologists; and the importance of continuous training, community empowerment, and reducing vulnerabilities to promote risk reduction and disaster management.

The article reports that the four Barnés sisters are an exceptional example of a scientific vocation: Dorotea and Adela were chemists; Petra, pharmacist and Ángela, a specialist in Arab Studies. Topics include examines they were the daughters of Dorotea González and Francisco Barnés, a high school history professor who became a deputy and Minister of Education in the Second Republic.