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Little is known about physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) among nursing home residents although PA is known as a health promoter. This study examined PA, SB, and their predictors among nursing home residents (n = 63). Dependent variables were accelerometry-based PA and SB. Predictor variables included in a path analysis were age, sex, body mass index, Barthel Index, cognitive status (Mini-Mental State Examination), physical performance (hand grip strength and habitual walking speed), and well-being (World Health Organization-5 well-being index). PA was very low (M steps per day = 2,433) and SB was high (M percentage of sedentary time = 89.4%). PA was significantly predicted by age (β = −0.27, p =.008), body mass index (β = −0.29, p =.002), Barthel Index (β = 0.24, p =.040), and hand grip strength (β = 0.30, p =.048). SB was significantly predicted by body mass index (β = 0.27, p =.008) and Barthel Index (β = −0.30, p =.012). Results might be helpful for everyday practice to identify individuals at high risk for low PA and high SB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Previous literature has demonstrated the mediating role of adiposity in the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic risk as well as the potential role of CRF in attenuating the adverse consequences associated with excess weight. This study aimed to evaluate the mediating role of CRF and adiposity in the possible association with cardiometabolic risk. Method: Observational 3-year longitudinal study that included 420 children and adolescents (10.50 [2.05] y of age at baseline; 56.2% girls). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and CRF was evaluated using field assessments. A clustered cardiometabolic risk score (cMetS) was calculated from glucose, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and triglycerides z scores. Analyses evaluated the mediating role of BMI in the association between CRF and cMetS as well as whether CRF mediated the association between BMI and cMetS. Results: BMI at baseline was directly associated with the cMetS at follow-up (0.102; 95% confidence interval, 0.020 to 0.181), independently of CRF, whereas CRF was only indirectly associated with cMetS at follow-up through BMI (−0.036; 95% confidence interval, −0.070 to −0.009), meaning that the association between CRF and cMetS was explained via the mediation role of BMI. Conclusions: BMI presented direct association with cMetS, whereas CRF exhibited indirect association with cMetS mediated via BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to estimate the extent to which motivational regulations influence physical activity behavior through role identity among people 55 years or older. Participants (N = 409; Mage = 66.29 years [SD = 7.06]) completed online questionnaires to measure motivational regulations, role identity, and the frequency of physical activity in a typical week and in the past month. Mediation analysis using ordinary least squares path analysis revealed that autonomous forms of motivational regulation (positively) and controlled forms of motivational regulation (negatively) influenced role identity, which then positively influenced physical activity behavior. Bootstrap confidence intervals (95%) for the indirect effects (a × b) based on 5,000 bootstrap samples were entirely above or below zero. These findings point to future experimental evaluations of interventions aiming at both increasing and decreasing autonomous and controlled motivational regulations, respectively, to promote physical activity behavior through role identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Contributing to the literature on positive effects of overqualification, this research examines when and why perceived overqualification predicts affiliative and proactive performance at work. Integrating optimal distinctiveness theory with self‐construal theory, we propose that depending on the nature of an employee's self‐construal (i.e., independent, or interdependent), perceived overqualification will be associated with two opposing motivational processes—namely, differentiation and assimilation. We expect perceived overqualification to have a positive relationship with a motive for assimilation when an employee has a strong interdependent self‐construal. Conversely, we expect perceived overqualification to have a positive relationship with a motive for differentiation when an employee has a strong independent self‐construal. We further argue that assimilation‐seeking and differentiation‐seeking motives will be positively related to affiliative and proactive performance, respectively. We conducted two multi‐waved and multisourced studies to test our hypotheses. In a pilot study (N = 249), we first tested our moderation hypothesis. In our main study (N = 496), we tested our overall moderated mediation model. Results from both studies reveal that perceived overqualification can trigger a need for differentiation or assimilation in employees depending on the nature of their self‐construal. The differentiation‐seeking motive was positively related to proactive performance, while the assimilation‐seeking motive was positively related to affiliative performance. Our findings advance overqualification and motivation literatures and provide insights into talent acquisition and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the direct and indirect associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with survival time in older adults. Prospective population-based cohort study used exploratory survey-type methods and physical performance tests in 319 adults aged ≥60 years. Trajectory diagrams were used to represent the initial hypothetical and final models with the relationships of independent, mediating, and dependent variables. Physical activity was indirectly associated with survival time and was mediated by instrumental activities of daily living and functional performance. In contrast, instrumental activities of daily living, functional performance, the number of hospitalizations, and medications mediated the association between duration of sedentary behavior and survival time. The explanatory power of the final model was 19%. Future efforts should focus on increasing the participation and adherence of older adults to exercise programs to improve their physical functions and general health, which may increase their health period and, consequently, their survival time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Cognitive load theory focuses on providing appropriate cognitive engagement to facilitate knowledge learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions of cognitive load on high school students' in-class physical activity. Method: A stratified random sample of high school students (N = 150) who participated in a large curriculum intervention study provided the data. A path analysis and Hayes' PROCESS analysis were used to test a correlation model and moderation effect from gender and race. Results: The results showed that the reasoning learning tasks directly contributed to their in-class physical activity (path coefficient =.54, p <.01) and the gender and race factors were not significant moderators (p >.05). Conclusion: The findings imply that high cognitive load tasks can facilitate in-class physical activity. The findings suggest the power of the concept-based physical education curriculum in providing productive learning opportunities to all students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate environmental responsibilities have expanded to include their supply chains. Green supply chain management (GSCM) practices can be extensive – including both intra- and inter-organisational environmental management practices. Selecting and sequencing GSCM practices is an important issue given resource and strategic organisational considerations. Using the cumulative capabilities theory, this study empirically explores GSCM implementation sequences, following which firms can build cumulative capabilities. Correlation, sequential test, and path analysis are used to identify GSCM practice implementation sequence from secondary data. The results show that firms should first encourage suppliers to disclose their environmental data and respond to inquiries on environmental violations by their suppliers (the order of the two is exchangeable), then encourage suppliers to comply with environmental regulations, extend practices to lower-tier suppliers, and engage in responsible recycling. This study is one of the first to apply cumulative capability theory to analyse environmental practices and provides a framework for future research on GSCM sequences. The paper also offers practical implications for firms to adjust their strategies in order to adopt GSCM more effectively and successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

\nPRACTICE IMPLICATIONSYouth transport is a controversial yet pervasive admission practice in US residential wilderness therapy programs. Little is known about adolescents’ subjective experience of this practice and its connection to outcomes. We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data of 105 adolescents (Male = 64%, M age = 15.7) to examine transported youths’ self-reports of negative pressures (threat, intimidation, and force), voice exclusion (lack of voice), perceived coercion (lack of influence, control, and choice), and angry emotion at admission. We used SEM path analysis to examine the tenability of youth transport’s direct and indirect relationships with these experiences. Results showed 44.8% of adolescents were transported. Transported adolescents reported more negative perceptions of each subjective experience at admission. Path analyses supported the hypothesis that transported adolescents’ increased perceived coercion may relate to their increased perception of negative pressures and voice exclusion, and each of these experiences may relate to increased angry emotion at admission. These findings support the claim that transported youth experience a more coercive and negative admission process which may undermine treatment goals. These findings lay a foundation for future inquiry into potential factors driving these experiences. The therapeutic impact of youth transport remains concerning.Programs should prioritize adolescents’ subjective experiences especially during admission.Increasing adolescents’ voice and eliminating procedures that induce threat and force during admission are predicted to reduce perceived coercion.Programs should exercise caution when using admission procedures that may be perceived as involuntary and coercive, such as youth transport which lacks an empirical basis.Legislative policy should include protections for vulnerable adolescents transported into treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eye-tracking data can be used to understand how users interact with web pages. Understanding the eye-movement sequences of multiple users is a challenging task because the sequence followed by each user tends to be different. Scanpath Trend Analysis (STA) brings multiple individual eye-movement sequences together and identifies a representative sequence as a trending path. However, eye-tracking data on a web page is required to determine the trending path. Our aim here is to investigate whether we can train Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to identify trending elements on a web page without collecting eye-tracking data on that web page. This article presents our experiments with different ML classification algorithms towards achieving that goal. To validate the experiments, we used two datasets from previous research, the first one included browsing and searching tasks and the second one included browsing and synthesis tasks. Our experiments show that the k-nearest neighbors algorithm (KNN) model can successfully identify the trending elements in the first dataset for both browsing (F1= ≈ 91%) and searching tasks (F1= ≈ 88%). However, the second dataset's synthesis task results were not as successful as its browsing task results. Our work here shows that a model can be created to predict the trending elements in web pages solely with web page features but the task is a critical factor in the success of prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the envisioned scenario of smart factories, large-scale distributed intelligent industrial devices generate a substantial number of concurrent heterogeneous industrial tasks. A single device is inadequate to meet the demanding requirements of complex tasks, which necessitate high computational capabilities and low latency in the system. Typically, multi-access edge computing (MEC) is employed to address this challenge. However, industrial edge networks face threats such as network attacks, natural disasters, and hardware failures, posing security risks to the industrial edge network. Therefore, we have designed an emergency offloading framework to enhance its resilience. Based on a task path analysis method with multiple priority levels, we developed an emergency task scheduling pre-classification (ETSPC) algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the delay of emergency offloading for high-concurrency tasks, with a maximum reduction of up to 19.2%. In extreme scenarios, the task completion rate of the ETSPC algorithm increases by 45.3% compared to the control algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wide distribution and diversity have been identified in agro-morphological and quantitative traits of rice grown in Jumla district which is reported as the highest altitude in the world for rice cultivation. Local landraces and improved cultivars are commonly grown by Jumla Farmers. This research explored rice cultivars planted at different altitudes under field conditions to characterize and evaluate agro-morphological traits and their correlation. Results showed, there was no significant difference in yield between local landraces and improved varieties. Influence of altitudinal variation on local landraces was scarce, while its effect on improved variety: Chandannath-1 was significant. This study suggested that local landraces such as Jumli Marshi, Daarime Marshi and Raato Marshi were not significantly different from the improved varieties and suggested cultivation of local landraces because of better price and profit. Clustering observations showed the considerable performance of Cluster 4 regarding panicle length (PL), number of grains per panicle (NGPP), and thousand grain weight (TGW) which are essential traits for higher grain yield. The correlation and path analysis showed that yield had strong positive correlations with Number of tillers per hill (NTPH) and moderate positive correlations with Flag leaf length (FLL), PL, NGPP, and Grains weight per panicle (GWPP). This study indicated that GWPP and NTPH possessed both positive correlation and high positive direct effects. Further studies are needed to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative traits of both local landraces and improved varieties to provide farmers with sound recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between perceptions of inequality, feelings of loneliness, and societal fragmentation in South Korea, focusing on their interconnected dynamics. The research emphasizes the social contexts in which loneliness emerges and exerts its influence. In the first phase, path analysis is employed to examine how perceived inequality contributes to societal fragmentation—manifested through disbelief, exploitation, and indifference—with loneliness serving as a mediating factor. The findings reveal a significant link between perceived inequality and loneliness, which, in turn, undermines social cohesion. The second phase delves deeper into this relationship by analyzing each regression model, further substantiating the connection between perceived inequality and loneliness and its role in shaping perceptions of societal fragmentation. In an era marked by rising economic inequality and democratic erosion, loneliness extends beyond an individual concern, posing broader implications for societal emotional health. The study underscores the urgent need for interventions aimed at reducing economic inequality and addressing loneliness to promote more cohesive societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectivesMethodResultsConclusionLittle is known about the attitudes toward female genitals of men who are attracted to women. This is an important omission because these attitudes may influence men’s own sexual experiences; they may also influence the genital self-image of their female partners if these views are knowingly or unknowingly communicated. Therefore, we examined men’s views of women’s genitals both globally and with respect to specific aspects.Participants were 212 self-identified men who completed an online survey that included scales assessing the men’s views of female genitals, perceptions of women’s satisfaction with their own genitals, sexual experience, and genital feedback provided to female partners. All were attracted to and had sexual experience with women.On average the men’s attitudes toward female genitals were moderately positive, although they ranged from negative to very positive. The men did not rate any of 24 listed specific female genital aspects as extremely important to them. The men believed that the majority of women feel positively about their own genitals. However, a comparison with published data collected from women revealed that men’s estimates of the percentage of women who are satisfied with their genitals were lower than the percentage of women who actually report that they are satisfied with their genitals. This discrepancy was particularly large with respect to genital appearance. A path analysis revealed that men with more positive attitudes toward female genitals reported having more lifetime sexual partners and providing more frequent positive genital feedback and less frequent negative genital feedback to partners.These results suggest that although men generally have moderately positive attitudes toward female genitals, there is considerable variability among men ranging from negative to very positive. The study also provided some evidence that men’s views of female genitals may adversely affect both the men themselves and their female partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Integrating cognitive appraisal theory of stress and attachment theory, the current study explored the influence of daily workplace ostracism on employee short‐term work engagement and examined the mediating role of negative work reflection and the moderating effects of employee attachment styles (i.e., attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety). To test the theoretical model, we employed an experience sampling method to collect daily diary data over 10 consecutive workdays, resulting in a final sample of 834 observations drawn from 133 participants. Results of multilevel path analysis indicated that daily workplace ostracism was negatively related to employee next‐day work engagement through negative work reflection at night. In addition, we found that employee attachment avoidance not only moderated the within‐person relationship between daily workplace ostracism and negative work reflection at night but also alleviated the indirect effect of daily workplace ostracism on next‐day work engagement via negative work reflection at night. Taken together, our study contributed by unfolding the dynamic cognitive appraisal process of workplace ostracism and identifying the significant role of attachment avoidance in shaping employees' cognitive reactions to daily workplace ostracism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural Path Analysis (SPA) and the Hypothetical Extraction Method (HEM) are both established methods for studying CO2 emissions. However, their combined application to investigate emission linkages in specific sectors, such as construction, is relatively novel. This research integrates SPA and HEM to explore the CO2 emissions linkages within the construction sectors of China and the United States, providing a comprehensive understanding of how these emissions are interlinked. The findings show that construction sector of Untied States and China is the largest production-based CO2 emissions of construction sector in the world, but the consumption-based emissions of construction sector in China contributes 29.81% of total CO2 emissions, compared to 5.63% in the U.S. This suggests that the carbon footprint of the construction sector is a significant consideration, irrespective of whether it is assessed from the standpoint of production or consumption dynamics. Meanwhile, the development of construction sector has driven the electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply sectors to emit a large amount of CO2 emission in both countries. By analyzing the differences in the main emission linkages and pathways of the construction sectors between China and the U.S., this study provides insights for reducing CO2 emissions in the construction sector and assists policymakers in developing future strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined a model of the associations among self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, and the drive for muscularity among Jamaican male weight lifters, and compared model relationships between weight lifters from rural and urban areas of residence. Using a purposive sampling approach, cross-sectional data were collected from 225 male weight lifters, ages 18–67 years (M = 28.16, SD = 9.52), from gyms in rural and urban areas of Jamaica. Participants completed the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSE), the Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS), and the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS). Results from path analysis indicated that self-esteem exerted a negative direct effect on body dissatisfaction (β = -0.32, p < .001). The direct effect of self-esteem on the drive for muscularity was negative and non-significant (β= -0.10, p = .172), however, body dissatisfaction exerted a positive direct effect on the drive for muscularity (β = 0.27, p = .001). Self-esteem exerted a negative indirect effect on the drive for muscularity through body dissatisfaction (β = -0.09, 95% CI [−0.16, −0.03]). Model relationships remained similar across both rural and urban weight lifting subgroups. These results highlight self-esteem and body dissatisfaction as contributors to the drive for muscularity among Jamaican male weight lifters, with the role of self-esteem being primarily indirect by way of body dissatisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the psychological stress experienced by frontline medical staff during the Yangbi Earthquake and to understand how coping strategies and social support influence stress responses. Methods: From days 3 to 14 post-earthquake, online questionnaires were administered to frontline medical staff to assess perceived social support, coping strategies, and psychological stress responses using the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Trait Coping Strategies Questionnaire (TCSQ), and Stress Response Questionnaire (SRQ). Data analysis included correlation analysis to explore relationships between variables, multiple linear regression to identify key predictors of stress, and path analysis to determine direct and indirect effects. Results: A total of 253 valid questionnaires were analyzed, with a participant composition of 81.82% females and 18.18% males, and the majority being nurses (62.06%). Psychological stress responses varied by gender and age, with females and older age groups showing higher physical stress responses (P < 0.05). Correlation and regression analyses indicated that negative coping and lower levels of social support were associated with increased stress responses (P < 0.05). Path analysis revealed that intra-family and extra-family support influenced stress responses directly and indirectly through coping strategies (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that perceived social support directly influences stress responses in frontline medical personnel during disasters, with coping strategies mediating this effect. Future research should explore these dynamics over time through longitudinal studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adolescence is a key developmental period characterized by increased maladaptive risky behaviors. Two related but distinct constructs, urgency (the tendency to act rashly in response to strong negative or positive emotions) and emotion dysregulation, are important risk factors for engaging in maladaptive risky behaviors. Thus far, research has largely agreed that these two risk factors are highly correlated. However, the causal direction between these constructs is less understood. The goal of the current study is to determine whether urgency predicts emotion dysregulation change among adolescents. Method: This project is an analysis of 544 youth (49.8% female, Mage=14.22, SD=0.52). We tested whether urgency at baseline predicts change in emotion dysregulation over a nine-week period, and whether that relationship differs across boys and girls. Results: Two multigroup latent change score path analyses found that negative, but not positive, urgency significantly predicted emotion dysregulation change (negative urgency: b = -0.57, p =0.001; positive urgency: b =0.22, p =0.06). There was no evidence of moderation by gender. Discussion: This work provides initial evidence of a temporal relationship between higher negative urgency and increased emotion dysregulation. The next step is to determine whether negative urgency imparts risk for maladaptive behaviors through its effect on emotion dysregulation. The long-term goal of this program of research is to design and test interventions to reduce the impact of negative urgency for adolescent risk-taking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inter-specific hybridization is a key strategy in modern crop improvement, aiming to integrate desirable traits from wild species into cultivated backgrounds. This study delves into the evaluation and identification of advanced inter-specific derivatives (IDs) derived from crosses of cultivated chickpea with Cicer reticulatum and C. echinospermum. The primary aim was to incorporate desirable yield enhancement traits, disease resistance, and nutritional quality traits into cultivated chickpea. The IDs were assessed during rabi 2021-22 and 2022-23 in the northern plains zone of India. Significant amount of genetic variability was observed for key agro-morphological traits having high heritability and genetic advance. Superior derivatives were identified for early flowering, high seed yield, and resistance to Ascochyta blight, Botrytis grey mould, and Fusarium wilt. Significant variability for crude protein and total soluble sugar content was also observed among the derivatives. The findings highlight the potential of utilizing wild Cicer species to broaden the genetic base of cultivated chickpea for the development of robust, high-yielding, disease-resistant varieties with improved nutritional traits suitable for diverse environmental conditions. The superior derivatives identified in this study hold promise for future breeding programmes for improving productivity, disease resistance and nutritional quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genotype evaluation process requires analysis of GxE interactions to ascertain the responsiveness of a genotype to various environments, including the development of early maturing rice. However, the concept of interaction is relatively specific to grain yield. In contrast, grain yield is highly polygenic, so assessment should be carried out with multivariate approaches. Therefore, multivariate assessment in evaluating GxE interactions should be developed, especially for early maturing rice genotypes. The study aimed to develop a comprehensive multivariate approach to improve the comprehensiveness and responsiveness of GxE interaction analysis. The study was conducted in Bone and Soppeng districts, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, in two seasons. The study used a randomized complete block design, where replications were nested across two seasons and locations. Two check varieties and five early maturing varieties were replicated three times in each environment. Based on this study, a new approach to GxE interaction analysis based on multiple regression index analysis, BLUP analysis, factor analysis, and path analysis was considered adequate, especially for evaluating early maturing rice. This approach combined days to harvest, biological yield, and grain yield in multiple linear regression with weighting based on the combination of all analyses. The effectiveness of the GxE interaction assessment was reflected by high coefficient of determination (R2) and gradient (b) values above 0.8 and 0.9, respectively. Inpari 13 (R2 = 0.9; b=1.05), Cakrabuana (R2 = 0.98; b=0.99), and Padjajaran (R2 = 0.95; b=1.07) also have good grain yield with days to harvesting consideration, namely 7.83 ton ha-1, 98.12 days; 7.37 ton ha-1, 95.52 days; and 7.29 ton ha-1, 97.23 days, respectively. Therefore, this index approach can be recommended in GxE interaction analysis to evaluate early maturing rice genotypes. Furthermore, Inpari 13, Cakrabuana, and Padjajaran are recommended as adaptive early maturing varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in human health. However, the relationship between the PA and dysthyreosis was not clear. This study aimed to explore this question. Methods: We performed a population-based study on the basis of the participant's information that was collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. The association of the thyroid hormone and total PA metabolic equivalent task (MET) were assessed via linear regression analysis with adjusting for different covariates. Moreover, we also used path analysis to explore the causality between PA, thyroid hormone index, and dysthyreosis. The restricted cubic spline analysis was used to explore the non-linear relationship between the thyroid hormone index and the PA total MET. Results: A total of 2118 participants aged≥20, including 969 females and 1149 males, were collected from NHANES. The linear regression with multivariate adjustment suggested a linear relationship between the PA total MET and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Index (TSHI), and Thyroid Feedback Quantile-Based Index (TFQI), respectively. And TFQI and dysthyresis occurrence were significantly correlated (P<0.05). The path analysis showed that the PA total MET affected dysthyreosis occurrence by TFQI. In addition, we found a non-linear relationship between the total PA met and dysthyreosis via restricted cubic spline analysis. Conclusions: PA was significantly correlated with dysthyreosis via thyroid hormone sensitivity. Therefore, it can be considered to prevent the occurrence of dysthyreosis by regulating thyroid hormone sensitivity through PA in daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This research explores the relationships between the educational environment, student engagement, and academic achievement in Health Professions Education (HPE) , specifically examining the mediating role of engagement. Methods: The study used cross-sectional design, and data were collected from 554 HPE students via self-report questionnaires. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) assessed the educational environment while the University Student Engagement Inventory measured learning engagement across the behavioral, emotional, and cognitive dimensions. Academic achievement was measured using cumulative GPA. Relationships between study variables were analyzed using path analysis. Results: Path analysis demonstrated that four educational environment subscales directly affected emotional engagement (48% variance explained). Students' perception of learning and academic self-perceptions influenced behavioral engagement (28% variance explained), while cognitive engagement was influenced by academic self-perceptions (39% variance explained). GPA was positively influenced by behavioral and cognitive engagement but negatively by emotional engagement. Cognitive and behavioral engagement mediated the relationship between students' academic self-perceptions and academic achievement. Conclusions: Students' perceptions of the educational environment significantly influenced emotional engagement, followed by cognitive and behavioral engagement. Cognitive and behavioral engagement directly affected academic achievement and mediated the relationship between the educational environment and academic achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research to date suggests that physical activity (PA) can buffer menopausal symptoms and support well-being, but there is limited evidence on the link between PA and menopausal symptoms in the United Kingdom, and no study has assessed how PA affects well-being through menopausal symptoms and three psychosomatic factors (i.e. depression, anxiety and stress). Objectives: This study investigated whether PA affects well-being through menopausal symptoms and psychosomatic factors. This study focuses on how PA influences working women with menopause. Design: A cross-sectional design based on the STROBE (i.e. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) checklist was adopted. Methods: The participants were 324 working women in England. An online self-reported questionnaire was utilised to gather data through Qualtrics. The data were analysed with path analysis through structural equation modelling, and sensitivity analyses were performed to avoid or reduce statistical bias. Results: PA had a negative effect on menopausal symptoms (β = −0.21; p < 0.001) but a positive effect on well-being (β = 0.19; p < 0.001). Menopausal symptoms had a negative indirect effect on well-being, but PA had a positive indirect effect on well-being through menopausal symptoms and the three psychosomatic factors. Conclusion: PA was positively associated with well-being but negatively associated with menopausal symptoms. Menopausal symptoms may lower well-being through anxiety, depression and stress, but PA can be associated with better well-being through depression, anxiety and stress. Plain language summary: The influence of physical activity on well-being through menopausal symptoms, depression, anxiety, and stress Why was the study done? Studies have assessed the potential influence of physical activity on menopausal symptoms among women, but no study in the United Kingdom has examined this relationship. Although the positive effect of physical activity on well-being is well researched and documented, no study has explored how it is mediated by menopausal symptoms and psychosomatic factors (i.e. stress, anxiety, and depression). Evaluation of this potential mediation is needed to improve stakeholders' understanding of the best ways to manage menopause at work. What did the researchers do? The researchers designed an online survey and used Qualtrics to distribute it among 324 working women with menopause in England. They used the appropriate statistical analysis technique to ascertain how the effect of physical activity on well-being is mediated by menopausal symptoms and the psychosomatic factors. What did the researchers find? Women who reported higher physical activity experienced fewer menopausal symptoms. Women with higher physical activity reported better well-being through fewer menopausal symptoms and lower stress, anxiety, and depression. Physical activity may help to improve well-being among working menopausal women by lowering menopausal symptoms, stress, anxiety, and depression. What do the findings mean? Working women can maintain well-being and experience less menopausal symptoms, stress, anxiety, and depression if they participate in physical activities. Organizations can manage menopause by rolling out workplace programmes encouraging employees to regularly participate in physical activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study examined the relationships between home support (Chinese use at home, homework support, and tuition duration), motivational beliefs (self-efficacy, interest, and task importance), learning behaviors (classroom engagement, effort regulation, and effort withdrawal), and Chinese achievement in 1410 Singaporean Grade Five (aged 11) students learning Chinese as a second language. Gender differences were also examined. Path analysis revealed that Chinese use at home was the most powerful predictor among the three home support variables for both genders. It directly and positively predicted all motivational belief variables and also predicted Chinese achievement both directly and indirectly through motivational beliefs and learning behaviors. Homework support predicted motivational beliefs directly and predicted Chinese achievement indirectly through motivational beliefs and learning behaviors, but these predictive relationships were only significant in boys. Interestingly, tuition duration was not a significant predictor of motivational beliefs, learning behaviors, or achievement variables for either boys or girls. Additionally, motivational beliefs, such as self-efficacy and interest were pivotal in predicting both learning behaviors and Chinese achievement between genders, while task importance had a less pronounced effect. These findings underscore the nuanced roles of home support and motivational factors in educational outcomes, highlighting the need for tailored educational strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of 5G technology, studying its evolution path is crucial for innovation and development. This study explores the evolution of 5G technology using patent data analysis. By applying main path analysis and network techniques to a dataset from the IncoPat patent database, the study identifies the main path of 5G technology evolution and analyzes its trends. The Citespace is used to construct citation networks and reveal the main path of the patent citation network, regional citation network, and institutional citation network. Furthermore, the study incorporates the 5G technology lifecycle to dynamically interpret the main path and analyze the major evolution trends of 5G technology. The methodology includes data collection from the IncoPat patent database and the adoption of clustering analysis to identify community structure within citation networks. The Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR) algorithm is employed for community detection, facilitating the analysis of interrelationships among different communities. The main path analysis involves traversal counting and path searching, with the LLR algorithm selected to identify critical nodes in the evolutionary paths of technologies. Additionally, dynamic main path analysis is conducted by incorporating the temporal attribute, enabling the observation of the dynamic changes in technological evolution. The study concludes with important insights into the current development status and evolution of 5G technology, shedding light on key paths and trends in 5G technology evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the study of operational path analysis with exogenous inputs (OPAX), it is generally challenging to obtain a vibration signal with high signal-to-noise ratio. To address this issue, we propose an improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN) and improved wavelet threshold joint denoising algorithms with sample entropy (SampEn) participation. Through ICEEMDAN, the vibration signal is decomposed into several intrinsic mode function (IMF) components. These components are then classified and filtered based on their SampEn values, excluding high-frequency noise components while retaining low-frequency effective components. For signal-noise mixed components, adaptive denoising is achieved by incorporating them into an improved threshold function with corresponding adjustment factors. Finally, the low-frequency effective components and the denoised signal-noise mixed components are reconstructed to effectively denoise the vibration signal. Results of simulations and experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithms over Single signal decomposition component reconstruction algorithms and general joint denoising algorithms in its ability to effectively suppress noise and enhance the accuracy of contribution analysis in OPAX while preserving the original information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In carnivorous plants, the fitness impacts of phenotypic variation in traits involved in prey attraction and capture have been well documented. However, floral traits could also contribute to the fitness of carnivorous plants. Pinguicula moranensis is a carnivorous plant that presents colorful zygomorphic flowers, which suggests some degree of specialization in its interactions with pollinators. We first tested pollen limitation experimentally by comparing the fruit set in plants that were manually cross‐pollinated with those that were pollinated naturally. Then, using a path analysis approach, we explored the effects of plant size and floral traits (corolla shape, corolla size, spur length, nectar guide size, and stalk length) on fitness (seed number per fruit). We performed two independent path analyses—one with the naturally pollinated plants and the other with the hand pollinated plants—to consider the impacts of these variables with and without the pressure of pollinator attraction. We expected stronger selection on floral traits in naturally pollinated plants. We found evidence of pollen limitation in the fruit set of the naturally pollinated group, suggesting that pollinator availability could impose selective pressures. The path analyses showed a marked direct positive effect of rosette size on plant fitness in both groups. The direct effects of all floral traits had similar magnitudes between the naturally pollinated and hand pollinated plants, except for corolla shape that showed higher coefficients in the first group. Thus, although we evidenced pollen limitation, our prediction about the role of pollinators as selective agents of floral traits in P. moranensis was barely supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Women at risk of carrying a genetic mutation report higher levels of distress compared to the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mediating role of psychophysical stress in the relationship of anxiety and depression with quality of life and well-being in women undergoing genetic counseling for BRCA1/2 mutations. The results indicate that psychophysical stress, generated by emotional distress, significantly influences the perceived mental well-being and overall psychophysical health. This paper emphasizes the need for integrated care, addressing psychological distress alongside physical health and recognizing the multifaceted impact of hereditary breast cancer screening on patients' overall quality of life and well-being. Background: Women undergoing genetic counseling for hereditary breast cancer often experience a high emotional burden. Distress and stress in the initial phases of genetic counseling can be significant predictors of long-term psychological health, influencing quality of life and well-being. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the mediating role of psychophysical stress in the relationship of anxiety and depression with quality of life and well-being in women undergoing genetic counseling for BRCA1/2 mutations. Methods: A sample of 193 women from two genetic counseling clinics was assessed using validated questionnaires measuring the psychological variables under study. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were also considered. Results: The results of path analyses indicated a mediating role of psychophysical stress on the relationship between emotional distress and mental quality of life and well-being: higher levels of anxiety and depression were associated with increased psychophysical stress, which, in turn, was linked to a reduced perceived mental quality of life and well-being. Depression was the only significant psychological predictor of physical quality of life. Conclusions: These findings indicate that addressing both anxiety and depression in genetic counseling is crucial for enhancing mental and overall well-being. Interventions should focus on stress management to improve the quality of life, emphasizing depression treatment to enhance physical health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood sexual abuse, especially in the context of cumulative childhood interpersonal trauma (CCIT), is associated with an increased risk of revictimization by an intimate partner among women. The aim of the present study is to examine the role of self-capacities disturbances in the association between CCIT and revictimization by an intimate partner. The sample comprised of 247 adult women survivors consulting in sex therapy. Path analyses showed an indirect effect of self-capacities disturbances in the association between CCIT and revictimization (ORs = 1.49 and 1.62), demonstrating the importance of intervening in relational and affective difficulties among women survivors to prevent the risk of revictimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Despite abundant information about negative consequences of consuming meat, consumption in many Western countries is many times higher than recommended. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is that people consciously decide to ignore such information—a phenomenon called deliberate ignorance. We investigated this potential barrier for information interventions aiming to reduce meat consumption. Methods: In three studies, a total of 1133 participants had the opportunity to see 18 information chunks on negative consequences of meat consumption or to ignore part of the information. Deliberate ignorance was measured as the number of ignored information chunks. We assessed potential predictors and outcomes of deliberate ignorance. Interventions to reduce deliberate ignorance (i.e., self-affirmation, contemplation, and self-efficacy) were experimentally tested. Results: The more information participants ignored, the less they changed their intention to reduce their meat consumption (r = −.124). This effect was partially explained by cognitive dissonance induced by the presented information. While neither self-affirmation nor contemplation exercises reduced deliberate ignorance, self-efficacy exercises did. Conclusion: Deliberate ignorance is a potential barrier for information interventions aiming to reduce meat consumption and needs to be considered in future interventions and research. Self-efficacy exercises are a promising approach to reduce deliberate ignorance and should be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media coverage of large-scale violence can result in interfering thoughts and depression. This research investigates the relationship between interfering thoughts and depression when watching the Russo-Ukrainian war. In the theoretical model, the more the war is watched, the more it is related to interfering thoughts, which are related to depression. With the ongoing pandemic, depression, when watching the war, was related to coronavirus threat. Data was collected online from April to June, 2022, with university students in Germany, Finland, and Canada (N = 865). Path analysis results in each sample showed that the model fit the data with sample-specific modification indices. There was full mediation of watching the war by interference on depression, indicating that it is not watching the war, per se, but rather its relationship to cognitive interference, that is associated with depression. Denial and coronavirus threat were positively related to depression. Implications for research and student support are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: Police officials who participated in war on terror were exposed to high frequency of traumatic exposures. Previous research suggests that exposure of war trauma can results in negative changes like stress and positive changes like growth. Our objective was to study the role of post-traumatic stress in relationship between war trauma and post traumatic growth among police officials. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted from January 2019 to December 2022. The sample consisted of 400 police officials (having direct and indirect exposure of war trauma) who participated in war on terror in FATA Pakistan. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used for sample selection. Relationship among trauma, PTS (Post traumatic stress) and PTG (Post traumatic growth) was assessed. Results: Findings from the present study indicated that stress played vital role in paving pathway from trauma to growth (β =0.08). Study results also confirmed that moderate level of stress is linked with positive changes like posttraumatic growth. R-square change in linear relationship among stress and posttraumatic growth was 0.59 but in curvilinear relationship among stress and posttraumatic growth R-square change was 0.77 which is higher than linear relationship which confirmed the curvilinear relationship between stress and growth and these findings proved that moderate level of stress after war trauma exposure produced higher levels of post traumatic growth. Conditional indirect effect of exposure to trauma on growth is highly significant (***p < .001) so the role of stress as mediator has been confirmed. Conclusion: The study provided initial evidence that after trauma exposure levels of posttraumatic stress which is experienced play a significant role in the promotion of PTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the protective and risk factors of substance use behaviors (tobacco, marijuana, e-cigarette, and alcohol) among young adult childhood cancer survivors. The study focused on clinical (receipt of cancer-related follow-up care, treatment intensity, late effects, depressive symptoms, self-rated health) and demographic (race/ethnicity, neighborhood socioeconomic status) factors and their associations with substance use. Methods: Participants were from the Project Forward cohort, a population-based study of young adult survivors of childhood cancers. Participants (N = 1166, Mage = 25.1 years) were recruited through the Los Angeles Cancer Surveillance Program (Cancer Registry covering Los Angeles County, California). Multivariate path analyses were performed with substance use as the outcome variables and clinical and demographic factors as independent variables. Covariates included age and sex. Finding: Substance use was positively associated with depressive symptoms, and inversely associated with cancer-related follow-up care, female sex, age, Hispanic ethnicity, treatment intensity, and self-rated health. Neighborhood SES was inversely associated with tobacco use, while being positively associated with binge drinking and e-cigarette use. The results highlight the interrelationship between the clinical and demographic variables and their associations with different substance use. Conclusion: Findings support the need for effective interventions targeting substance use behavior among CCS. This will help improve long-term outcomes and mitigate the risk for early morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Menopause may negatively impact Quality of Life (QoL). Our study used a cross-sectional design and research participants were 99 women in natural menopause. In our study, we analyzed the relationship between age at menopause onset, hormone therapy use, duration of couple relationship, menopause duration, psychological morbidity, marital satisfaction, menopause representations, and QoL following the Wilson and Cleary Health-Related QoL conceptual model. The authors found that negative representations, lower marital satisfaction, psychological morbidity, and shorter duration of menopause contributed to lower QoL. Moreover, the authors found that psychological morbidity and menopause representations (identity and control/cure dimensions) had an indirect effect between marital satisfaction and vasomotor, psychosocial, and sexual QoL. Also, we found that age at the onset of menopause showed a moderating effect in the final model. Future studies should replicate these results in a longitudinal design and analyze how the variables that showed a moderating role and indirect effects will function as moderators and mediators, respectively, over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hate-motivated behaviour (HMB) ranges from microaggressions to criminal acts and is a public health concern with wide-ranging consequences. Aims: The current study aimed to examine the mental health correlates of HMB perpetration, victimisation and co-occurring victimisation/perpetration. Methods: Participants (n = 447) completed an online cross-sectional survey assessing demographic factors, HMB (perpetration and victimisation), positive mental wellbeing and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Results: HMB victimisation was associated with lower positive mental wellbeing and increased symptoms of anxiety and depression. However, neither HMB perpetration nor co-occurring perpetration/victimisation were associated with any of the three mental health outcome measures. Conclusion: Experiencing HMB as a victim is linked to increased psychological distress. Additional research, which focuses on sampling populations who are known to be at greater risk for involvement in HMB, is needed to fully understand the impact of the victim-offender overlap on mental health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Body image-related psychological flexibility is considered an important positive process in the field of body image, associated with lower levels of psychological distress. The present study hypothesised body image flexibility as a relevant construct in the study of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). A mediation model was proposed, exploring if body image flexibility mediated the relationship between shame – a core construct of BDD symptomatology – and dysmorphic concern and anxiety while controlling for age and BMI. Methods: The sample comprised 477 Portuguese-speaking participants from the general population – male and female, who completed a set of self-report measures. Results: Females presented significantly higher levels of dysmorphic concern (d =.42). All main variables under study were significantly correlated, with dysmorphic concern presenting positive correlations with internal shame, external shame, and anxiety, and a negative and weak correlation with body image flexibility. Path analysis results indicated that body image flexibility mediated the relationship between shame, in its internal dimension, and dysmorphic concern and anxiety, explaining 34% of the variance of dysmorphic concern and 24% of anxiety. The model was invariant across biological sex. Conclusions: Our results support the pervasive association between internal shame and dysmorphic concern, and indicate body image flexibility as a relevant emotional process in this relationship. Key Points: What is already known about this topic: Dysmorphic concerns (or body dysmorphia-related symptoms) are distressing and can cause significant suffering. Shame is a core construct of BDD symptomatology, but positive processes that are involved in this relationship have been understudied. Body image-related psychological flexibility is an important emotional process in the field of body image-related difficulties. What this topic adds: Further confirms the pervasive association between shame, particularly internal shame, and dysmorphic concern. Body image-related psychological flexibility is an emotional process that mediates this relationship. Supports interventions that target body image-related psychological flexibility for BDD and associated symptomatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The family environment is essential but underused for promoting sexual and reproductive health protective behaviors (SHPB). However, previous literature had no consistent findings regarding how families can efficiently provide sex education and what aspects of family communication may facilitate SHPB. Based on family communication patterns theory (FCPT) and new research that segments family conformity orientation into four sub-dimensions (i.e., respecting parental authority, experiencing parental control, adopting parents' values, and questioning parents' beliefs), we explored the roles that family communication patterns (FCP) and parents' (direct and indirect) sexual communication play in influencing adult daughters' intentions to engage in SHPB. Using survey data from 234 female participants, path analysis suggested that daughters' SHPB intentions were associated with more direct and indirect sexual communication, higher conversation orientation, higher parental control, and less adoption of parental values. Also, parents' direct sexual communication mediated the impact of conversation orientation on SHPB intentions. Additionally, parents' indirect sexual communication mediated the path from parental value adoption to SHPB intentions, mitigating the negative direct impact of parental value adoption. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media use for risk communication during the COVID-19 pandemic has caused considerable concerns about an overabundance of information, particularly misinformation. However, how exposure to COVID-19 information on social media can lead to subsequent misinformation sharing during the pandemic has received little research attention. This study adopted the social amplification of risk framework to delineate how exposure to COVID-19 vaccine information on social media can be associated with individuals' misinformation sharing through heuristic information processing. The role of social media trust was also examined. Results from an online survey (N = 1488) of Chinese Internet users revealed that exposure to COVID-19 vaccine information on social media was associated with misinformation sharing, mediated by both affect heuristics (i.e., negative affect toward the COVID-19 pandemic in general) and availability heuristics (i.e., perceived misinformation availability). Importantly, both high and low levels of trust in social media strengthened the mediating associations. While a low level of trust strengthened the association between exposure to COVID-19 vaccine information on social media and the affect heuristics, a high level of trust strengthened its association with the availability heuristics, both of which were associated with misinformation sharing. Our findings suggest that heuristic information processing is essential in amplifying the spread of misinformation after exposure to risk information on social media. It is also suggested that individuals should maintain a middle level of trust in social media, being open while critical of risk information on social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demanding nature of caring for relatives with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) can lead to family caregiver burden and poor health. The stigmatization of people with ADRD can also impact caregivers' stress, while their support-seeking strategies may mitigate negative impacts of burden on their health. To examine hypothesized relationships, the present study considered whether different dimensions of ADRD family stigma influenced the association between a care recipient's behavioral symptoms and their family caregiver's perceived burden and if direct support seeking explained a connection between caregiver burden and well-being. Family caregivers (n = 375) completed a Qualtrics survey. Path analysis revealed ADRD behavioral symptoms predicted both caregiver and layperson forms of stigma. Layperson stigma also intervened between behavioral symptoms and caregiver burden. Direct support seeking mediated the association between caregiver burden and well-being. Findings underscore the utility of including stigma within ADRD caregiver stress models and studying caregiver health from network and communication perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Diet is a key aspect of life in animals. There have been numerous independent origins of herbivorous diet across animals, but the factors that explain these origins remain poorly understood. One potentially crucial factor is body temperature (Tb), as the gut‐dwelling bacteria that help digest cellulose in many herbivores are thought to require high temperatures. However, analyses in birds, lizards and mammals found only limited evidence for higher Tb in herbivores than in carnivores. These analyses tested whether diet explains Tb evolution. Here, we focus instead on testing whether Tb helps explain the evolution of diet across tetrapods. Location: Global. Time Period: Past 350 million years. Major Taxa Studied: Tetrapods. Methods: We analysed 1712 species with matched data on diet and Tb using diverse phylogenetic methods. Results: Ancestral reconstructions indicated that tetrapods likely had a carnivorous ancestor, followed by repeated transitions to omnivory and herbivory, especially in the last 110 million years. Thus, extant herbivorous lineages in tetrapods are relatively young, in contrast to many older carnivorous lineages. They are also relatively unstable in that reversals from herbivory back to omnivory and from omnivory back to carnivory were as frequent as the origins of herbivory and omnivory. Using phylogenetic logistic regression, we support the hypothesis that higher Tb helps explain the evolution of herbivory across tetrapods and within birds, mammals, lepidosaurs and turtles. Phylogenetic path analyses suggest that Tb generally drives the evolution of herbivory, and not vice versa. Our analyses also suggest that Tb is more important for the evolution of herbivory than large body size or diurnal diel activity, which are both significant predictors of herbivory in some cases. Main Conclusions: Our results show for the first time that Tb is a significant predictor of diet evolution among and within many major animal clades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Marital goals reflect individuals' understanding of the purpose of marriage and could influence the dyadic interactions and satisfaction in intimate relationships. The current study examines how each partner's marital goals and the concordance of marital goals between the partners influence dating couples' relationship satisfaction through dyadic coping. Method: The sample consisted of 200 heterosexual dating couples from Hong Kong. Both partners completed a survey that assessed three types of marital goals, dyadic coping, relationship satisfaction, and other background variables. Path analysis was conducted to estimate the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) with each partner's three types of marital goals and marital goal concordance between the two partners as the predictors, each partner's dyadic coping as the mediators, and each partner's relationship satisfaction as the outcomes. Results: Women's dyadic coping significantly mediated the effects of women's companionship goals and marital goal concordance on both partners' marital satisfaction. Meanwhile, men's dyadic coping significantly mediated the effects of men's companionship goals and marital goal concordance on their own relationship satisfaction. Conclusion: The current study offered the first evidence supporting the importance of marital goals, the goal concordance between the partners, and dyadic coping in dating relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harlow's seminal work on the nature of attachment focused on the importance of warm, responsive, and loving relationships in children's healthy development. While the need for love and care is arguably universal, the ways in which these emotions are expressed can vary across cultural contexts. We examined how Chinese American parents' expressions of love were associated with children's attachment security. A total of 110 Chinese American immigrant parent–child dyads (children 7–11 years old, 49% girls) participated in 3‐min conversations in which parents were instructed to communicate love and care. Proposition‐level analyses in speech (total 8825 propositions) identified three types of affection: training (guan and chiao shun); relational affection (qin); and validation (acceptance and encouragement of child's own expression of emotion, thoughts, and behaviors). Higher training was observed in parents with lower American orientation and lower income. Higher relational affection was observed in parents with lower income. Higher validation was observed in parents with higher income. Using path analyses, training and validation were found to be positively associated with children's attachment security beyond parenting styles. Effects of parents' relational affection were moderated by children's American orientation. Results demonstrate how immigrant parents draw on multiple cultural scripts to express love and care. These findings expand traditional concepts of parental love in immigrant families and illustrate how bicultural expressions of love can shape attachment security in middle childhood. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/HqUfIDxkFsE Research Highlights: Analyses of parent‐child discussions identified three parental affection styles (i.e., training, relational affection, and validation) as expressions of love and care in Chinese American immigrant families.Training and validation were positively associated with children's attachment security.Relational affection was associated with lower attachment security for children with higher American cultural orientation, suggesting the effects of parent–child expressions of love are shaped by acculturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to assess the association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and rejection sensitivity in college students, and whether it is mediated or moderated by elements of mental well-being. Using a cross-sectional design, the study examined 304 Hungarian college students who responded online to a set of questionnaires that included the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, The Mental Health Test, and the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire. Path analysis indicated that well-being, creative/executive proficiency, self-regulation, and resilience partially mediated the relationship between ADHD symptoms and rejection sensitivity, while savoring moderated this link. The model explained up to 50% of the total variance in rejection sensitivity scores. Findings suggest that university students with ADHD symptoms may particularly benefit from acquiring savoring skills to enhance their mental well-being and lower rejection to sensitivity. As such, the results carry significant implications for counseling psychologists, educators, and mental health professionals working in the higher education sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this research was to test an extension of the incentive motivation model of alcohol by examining effects of personality traits on drinking motives and contexts, as mediated by social isolation. Methods: Participants were 1269 adults who resided in the United States (n = 618) or United Kingdom (n = 651) and completed an online questionnaire measuring the traits of negative emotionality and resilience, along with social isolation, drinking motives (coping, social) and drinking contexts (alone, at a party, at a bar/club). Six months later, 70% of the participants returned to complete a similar online questionnaire. Results: Path analysis was used to test the hypothesized models and revealed that negative emotionality had a prospective indirect effect on drinking to cope and drinking alone through increased social isolation over the 6-month period of observation. In contrast, the trait of resilience had a prospective indirect effect on reductions in the drinking to cope motive and reductions in drinking alone, through decreased social isolation. Conclusion: The findings suggest that personality traits that contribute to social isolation may be risk factors for dysfunctional drinking motives and contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although studies have highlighted the role played by couple and parental relationships for children's psychosocial adjustment, especially in challenging situations, research on these two relationship domains has largely developed separately and mostly focussed on negative couple processes. However, Family Systems Theory highlights how these subsystems are interconnected, and studies inspired by this theoretical framework provide evidence of how the quality of the interparental relationship predicts the parent–child relationship. This study focussed on the association between two relational resources (dyadic coping and parent–child relationship quality) and children's emotional difficulties during the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Italy. Five hundred ninety‐one Italian parents filled in an online self‐report questionnaire. A path analysis model was estimated to test the mediating role of parent–child relationship quality in the association between partner positive dyadic coping and children's emotional difficulties. The findings showed both a direct effect and an indirect effect of partner positive dyadic coping on children's emotional difficulties, because parent–child relationship quality partially mediated this association. Enhancing parents' ability to cope together with stress and the quality of the parent–child relationship might contribute to decrease children's vulnerability to emotional difficulties in challenging times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic language and its associations with school success have been established in many prior studies. However, the scholarship lacks research on the mechanisms that constitute these relations. This study investigates the mediating role of motivational--affective variables, specifically reading self-concept and reading enjoyment, in relations between academic language and reading comprehension assessed one year later. Path analyses were performed with a newly developed German measure of academic language proficiency on two samples (N = 198, Mage = 9.05 years [SD = 0.76], 49% girls, and N = 360, Mage = 9 years [SD = 0.80], 52% girls) of primary school students in Grades 2 and 3. Results reveal differential outcomes, suggesting an effect mediated via reading self-concept when academic language is operationalized as the comprehension of connectives. The findings are discussed within the context of contemporary perspectives on mental abilities, ranging academic language into current views on cognitive capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the vibration transfer characteristics of a dual-rotor aeroengine system, an aeroengine system dynamic model containing high- and low-pressure rotors as well as inner and outer casings is established. The Newmark- β method is used to solve the developed model and obtain the dynamic characteristics of the system. This paper proposes a dynamic model and operational transfer path analysis (OTPA) method to analyze the vibration transfer path of a dual-rotor aeroengine system. The concept of insertion loss is introduced, and Cramer's rule is used to improve the computational efficiency of dynamic equations for systems with variable stiffness and damping matrices. The vibration contribution of three vibration transfer paths is calculated separately. A dual-rotor–casing vibration transfer path test bench is built to make experimental research on vibration transfer characteristics and verify the accuracy of simulation results. The results indicated that among the three vibration transfer paths, the first vibration transfer path has the highest contribution to the vibration of the outer casing of the system. Due to the nonlinear superposition of responses, the overall response amplitude of the outer casing shows an increasing trend as the rotational speed ratio increases. The contribution rate of the three paths does not change with the rotational speed, and the vibration contribution of each path at different rotational speed ratios fluctuates slightly near the mean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigates the possible curvilinear relationship between operational interdependency and supply chain performance as well as the contingency effect of supply chain disruptions, in terms of disruption orientation and disruption impact. Design/methodology/approach: Path analysis was employed to test the hypotheses using the data collected from Chinese manufacturers. Findings: The results confirm an inverted U-shape effect of operational interdependency. As level of buyer-supplier operational dependency increase, the supply chain performance is enhanced. However, the benefits of operational interdependency diminish beyond a certain point. Additionally, the findings of this study show the disruption orientations positively moderate the relationship between interdependency and performance, whereas the effect of disruption impact is not significant. Originality/value: The findings of this study provide an explanation to the theoretical gap about the equivocal results of the effect of dependency, which provide new insights into the literature regarding buyer-supplier relationships. Furthermore, this paper identifies the moderating role of supply chain disruption in the relationship between operational interdependency and supply chain performance, which provide further explanation about the mixed results of the effect of dependency. The results confirmed that supply chain disruption orientation positively moderate the relationship between operational interdependency and supply chain performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]