Search

This review article will cover both general aspects of hand infections and the most common superficial hand infections. Hand and wrist infections are commonly encountered in clinical practice both by the generalist orthopaedic surgeon and the hand surgeon. Clinically, they appear as a spectrum, from easy to resolve superficial infections, to life and limb threatening deep infections (for example, necrotizing fasciitis). Multiple pathogens can be the causative agents of hand infections (virus, fungi, parasites, mycoplasma, bacterias and mycobacteria). Continuous and prolonged exposure of the hands to the environment expose them to several kinds of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White oats are an important species because they are included in different production systems and because of the need to develop sustainable practices, minimizing the adverse effects resulting from the use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers on human and environmental health. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the physiological, sanitary quality and pesticide residues in oat seeds managed under different fungicide applications. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, following a 3 x 6 factorial scheme, for three white oat cultivars and six fungicide application conditions, respectively, with four replications. In the laboratory, analyzes of germination, vigor, pathology and pesticide residues were carried out. Analysis of variance, Scott & Knott mean comparison test and regression were performed. In view of the results obtained, the physiological quality analysis of seeds indicated high levels of germination and vigor, even under conditions of high occurrence of pathogens. Fungicide residues were found from the second application and above the maximum limit after five applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The banano (Musa x paradisiaca L.) is a tropical fruit, susceptible to infection by Colletotrichum sp. Fungicides are the most typical approach for controlling postharvest infections. Concerns regarding its negative impact on human health and the environment have prompted the quest for alternate remedies. Because of its antimicrobial activity, chitosan is an environmentally friendly alternative. This study aimed to determine the influence of chitosan on the in vitro development of Colletotrichum sp. isolated from banana fruits. Inhibition mycelial growth, spore concentration and spore germination were evaluated in three chitosan concentrations, 0.5 %, 1.0 % and 1.5 %. Optical, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the impact of chitosan on spore growth and morphology. We observed that chitosan solutions inhibited Colletotrichum species in vitro. Chitosan at 1.5 % significantly decreased the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition and spore concentration in comparison with the control. Compared to the control, a concentration of 1.5 % chitosan considerably decreased the mycelial growth and spore concentration. In addition, a complete inhibition of spore germination and a low mycelium content was observed with 1.0% and 1.5% chitosan, controlling the in vitro development of Colletotrichum sp. in banana fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of MESO is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ingeniería Solidaria is the property of Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a public health problem, and the hospital environment is a favorable reservoir for various pathogens, therefore a health option for pathogen control is to evaluate the bactericidal activity of textile platforms with yarn copper against pathogens that cause carbapenemase-resistant HAI. Materials and methods: the bactericidal capacity of the biomedical textile with and without copper thread was evaluated in four bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella peumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Differences in survival time and bacterial density were established using ANOVA and Tukey tests with a significance level of P <0.05 in triplicate. Results: The survival of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, on biomedical textiles with copper thread, was 80, 90, 120 and 140 min, respectively. But in textile without copper thread the bacterial density (1x105 CFU/ml) remained viable for more than 180 min for all bacterial strains. Copper thread textile is more effective in eliminating Gram-negative bacteria (K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli), versus Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus). Conclusion: the textile with copper thread has an antibacterial effect against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli; Unlike textiles without copper, where bacteria remained viable, copper thread has potential as an antimicrobial against carbapenemase-resistant pathogens to be applied in biomedical textile platforms or dressings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic review was carried out on the production and publication of research works referring to the study of the study of the variables Avian Influenza and Latin America, the PRISMA approach (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses). The purpose of the analysis proposed in this document was to know the main characteristics of the publications registered in the Scopus and Wos databases and their scope in the study of the proposed variables, achieving the identification of 17 publications in total. Thanks to this first identification, it was possible to refine the results through the keywords entered in the search button of both platforms, the words were: bird influenza, Latin America, reaching a total of 11 documents, already excluding duplicates and those that did not meet the analysis criteria. From this analysis, it is expected to know the contributions of the scientific community to the study of the ethical implications of each advance registered in terms of studies related to the studies related to the diagnosis and treatment of avian influenza, as well as the agents that distribute the virus and main effects on human health. The review was carried out on the impact evidenced in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nativa is the property of Revista Nativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent metagenomic investigations of ticks have revealed that their microbiomes have a microbial diversity of endosymbionts and pathogens (pathobiome), which cause diseases in humans and other animals. Ticks are vectors of various diseases in cattle, so a more extensive study will elucidate their microbiome composition to propose new control and prevention strategies, such as anti-tick vaccines. This approach is promising and is based on identifying essential bacteria for the survival of the vector. Therefore, this work presents the metagenomic strategy to ticks for identifying the microbiota and the respective microbiome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los agentes causantes de las diarreas neonatales en terneros causan grandes pérdidas en los hatos ganaderos. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la frecuencia de patógenos relacionados a la diarrea neonatal bovina en terneros de ranchos ganaderos del Centro y Sur del estado de Veracruz. Se realizó un estudio por conveniencia en seis municipios del estado de Veracruz. Se tomaron muestras de heces directas del recto, se identificaron y refrigeraron hasta su procesamiento. Así mismo, se aplicó una encuesta por animal. Las variables de estudio en los terneros fueron: la edad, el sexo y diarrea. Se utilizó el Kit Rainbow Calf Scours”. Los datos de las encuestas se analizaron con estadística descriptiva a través del programa STATA ver 14.0, se determinó la frecuencia y se realizó una X2. De los 100 terneros muestreados, el 16% fue positivo a la presencia de algún patógeno de la diarrea neonatal bovina. Los ranchos ubicados en Sayula de Alemán, fueron los que presentaron mayores animales positivos con el 42.8%. De acuerdo con el sexo, la mayor frecuencia se presentó en las hembras con el 19.4%. Con relación a la edad de los animales, la frecuencia fue del 16% para todos los animales. Sin embargo, 15.1% de los animales que no presentaron diarrea fueron positivos a algún patógeno. Se encontró que, de la totalidad de las muestras recolectadas, 2 (2%), 5 (5%), 3 (3%) y 10 (10%) fueron positivas a Cryptosporidium spp, E coli, Coronavirus y Rotavirus respectivamente. Se demostró la presencia de patógenos causantes de la Diarrea Neonatal Bovina (Rotavirus, Coronavirus, Escherichia coli y Cryptosporidium spp) en terneros de ranchos ganaderos del Centro y Sur del estado de Veracruz.

Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing provide an international legal framework that aims to prevent misappropriation of the genetic resources of a country and ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their use. The legislation was negotiated at the behest of lower-income, biodiverse countries to ensure that benefits derived from research and development of genetic resources from within their jurisdictions were equitably returned and could thereby incentivize conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Despite good intentions, however, rapid adoption of access and benefit-sharing measures at the national level, often without participatory strategic planning, has hampered noncommercial, international collaborative genetic research with counterproductive consequences for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use. We outline how current implementation of the Convention of Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol affect noncommercial research, such as that conducted in many disciplines in biology, including mammalogy. We use a case study from Brazil, an early adopter, to illustrate some current challenges and highlight downstream consequences for emerging pathogen research and public health. Most emerging pathogens colonize or jump to humans from nonhuman mammals, but noncommercial research in zoonotic diseases is complicated by potential commercial applications. Last, we identify proactive ways for the mammalogical community to engage with the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol, through sharing of nonmonetary benefits and working with local natural history collections. Leveraging international scientific societies to collectively communicate the needs of biodiversity science to policy makers will be critical to ensuring that appropriate accommodations are negotiated for noncommercial research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bees are susceptible to diseases, which cause significant economic losses in beekeeping. The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of Varroa sp, Nosema sp and Acarapis in apiaries located in two regions in Campeche, Mexico. 116 bee samples from 10 apiaries were evaluated. The prevalence of Varroa was lower in Hopelchén compared to Sihochac (98.5% and 100%), the prevalence of Nosema was lower in Hopelchén compared to Sihochac (85.9% and 88.0%). The Varroa infestation level was higher in Hopelchén compared to Sihochac (7.32 and 3.73 mites in 100 bees), however, the Nosema infestation level was lower in Hopelchén compared to Sihochac (78x105 and 23x106 spores per bee), not the presence of Acarapis was found in none of the evaluated regions. In both regions a positive correlation was found between the presence of Nosema and Varroa. There is a 1.08 higher probability of finding Nosema in the presence of Varroa. We conclude that in both regions there is a high prevalence of Varroa and Nosema and the presence of Acarapis was not detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An evaluation of incorporated polylactic acid (PLA) active biodegradable films of essential oils to inhibit microbial adhesion was performed using a 25-1V fractional exploratory design, combining the factors, amount of PEG 400 plasticizer (10 and 20%), amount of cinnamon essential oil (0.5% and 1%), amount of oregano essential oil (0.5% and 1%), Salmonella spp. concentration (10³ CFU mL-1 and 104 CFU mL-1) and Staphylococcus aureus concentration (10³ CFU mL-1 and 104 CFU mL-1). The results of microbial adhesion inhibition test showed that the maximum inhibition percentage reached 73.82 ± 0.35% corresponding to experiment 7 (bce), which contains 10% of PEG 400, 1% of cinnamon essential oil, 1% of oregano essential oil, 10³ CFU mL-1 of Salmonella spp. concentration, 104 CFU mL-1 of Staphylococcus aureus concentration. Statistical analysis determined that there is strong significant evidence (p-value = 0.0283) that Staphylococcus aureus concentration influences the inhibition percentage to microbial adhesion; as well as that the cinnamon essential oil-Salmonella spp. interaction has little significant evidence (p-value = 0.0711) that influences the inhibition percentage. Inhibition results greater than 60% have the highest concentration of Staphylococcus aureus as a common factor. PLA active biodegradable films with a higher inhibition percentage can potentially be used in the food industry as a barrier mechanism to avoid bacterial contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En Ecuador, el maíz (Zea mays, L.) es un alimento básico de gran importancia económica y social. Esta gramínea es atacada por diferentes patógenos que afectan el rendimiento agrícola e industrial del cultivo. En el presente trabajo se presentan los resultados de una investigación documental fundamentada en la búsqueda de información sobre aspectos de interés científicos y académicos como los organismos causales, sintomatología, dispersión y manejo de las principales enfermedades del maíz.

Bacteriocins --peptides synthesized by bacteria that have great potential as food preservatives--are a good alternative to replace chemical additives and produce minimally processed foods. The more widely studied bacteriocins in the food industry are those derived from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) because they are Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS). However, bacteriocins have certain disadvantages when applied to food, especially dairy products. Such drawbacks can be remedied by combining bacteriocins with other treatments emerging from the food industry. The objective of this research was to analyze the main bacteriocins used and their synergistic effect on pathogenic and/or spoilage bacteria, when applied in combination with other treatments such as chemical substances, lactoperoxidase system, high hydrostatic pressures, nanoparticles, bacteriophages and essential oils. The results of this study indicate that applying bacteriocins with other treatments can increase antimicrobial activity, which improves food safety. It is concluded that the best combinations of bacteriocins and emerging technologies are bacteriocins and nanoparticles and bacteriocins with bacteriophages, whose combinations inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria. The advantages that such combinations offer are: They are easily applied to foods, are low cost, do not modify the sensory characteristics of the product, allow combating antimicrobial resistance and completely destroy microorganisms without giving them the opportunity to recover during the maturation or storage period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esta revisão resume os achados de estudos realizados em Santa Catarina (SC) sobre redução de patógenos em moluscos por meio de tratamentos pós-colheita. Estudos indicam que os níveis de Salmonella e Vibrio spp. de ocorrência natural podem ser eficientemente reduzidos em ostras por meio de ciclos de depuração de 48h, enquanto vírus (hepatite A e norovírus murino) requerem mais de 48 horas para serem completamente inativados. Protozoários (Cryptosporidium e Giardia) não foram eliminados pelos protocolos de depuração testados. O protocolo de tratamento térmico adotado nas indústrias locais (cozimento a vapor durante 6 min a 100ºC) é capaz de eliminar Vibrio spp. de mexilhões e norovírus murino de ostras. Apesar de algumas limitações, a adoção desses tratamentos pós-colheita é uma estratégia importante para melhorar a segurança dos moluscos em SC.

La evaluación de películas biodegradables activas de ácido poliláctico (PLA) incorporado de aceites esenciales para inhibir la adhesión microbiana se realizó mediante un diseño exploratorio fraccionario , combinando los factores, cantidad de plastificante PEG 400 (10 y 20%), cantidad de aceite esencial de canela (0,5 y 1%), cantidad de aceite esencial de orégano (0,5 y 1%), concentración en unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC) de Salmonella spp. (103 y 104 UFC mL-1) y concentración de Staphylococcus aureus (103 y 104 UFC mL-1). Los resultados del ensayo de inhibición a la adhesión microbiana mostraron que el porcentaje máximo de inhibición alcanzó el 73,82 ± 0,35 %, correspondiente al experimento 7 (bce), el cual contiene 10% PEG400, 1% aceite esencial de canela, 1% aceite esencial de orégano, 103 UFC mL-1 de concentración de Salmonella spp. y 104 UFC mL-1 de concentración de Staphylococcus aureus. El análisis estadístico determinó que existe evidencia significativa (valor p = 0,0283) que indica que la concentración de Staphylococcus aureus influye en el porcentaje de inhibición a la adhesión microbiana; así como también, que la interacción del aceite esencial de canela-Salmonella spp. tiene poca evidencia significativa (valor p = 0,0711) que influye en el porcentaje de inhibición. Los resultados de inhibición están en función del tipo de bacteria, siendo mayor para las Gram positivas. Los resultados de inhibición superiores al 60% tienen como factor común la concentración más alta de Staphylococcus aureus. Por lo tanto, las películas biodegradables activas de PLA con mayor porcentaje de inhibición pueden usarse potencialmente en la industria alimentaria como mecanismo de barrera para evitar contaminación bacteriana.

Se estudiaron las alternativas para el control del complejo denominado como manchado de grano en el cultivo de arroz y su efecto sobre el rendimiento de grano y se encontró la incidencia de los hongos que atacan al mismo. Se observó que en condiciones de campo produce una gran variedad de daños con diferentes formas de manifestación y se afianzó en informaciones colectadas en la aplicación de alternativas para el control y manejo de estos patógenos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el uso de alternativas ecológicas para el manejo del manchado, para identificar el efecto antagónico de biocontroladores en el contexto internacional y comparar la efectividad de productos químicos frente a las alternativas biológicas (bioproductos). El control con agroquímicos es el más utilizado, hasta la aplicación de alternativas de tipo biológicas, que inciden sobre la capacidad de infección. La utilización de estas alternativas continúan siendo estudiadas, los resultados experimentales encontrados aún son poco precisos y en algunos casos escasos para interacciones específicas. Respuestas positivas se reportan en aplicaciones tempranas con alternativas biológicas, siendo la más común, el uso de antagónicos como Bacillus y Tricoderma, los cuales inhiben la formación de los agentes causales del manchado en el cultivo de arroz.

Some microorganisms are responsible for food spoilage and foodborne infections worldwide. These microorganisms are becoming increasingly resistant to degradation or inhibition due to exposure to antibiotics, antifungal, and antiparasitics, posing a growing threat to human health. The aim of this study was to describe the antimicrobial properties of compounds present in Myrciaria dubia (pulp, seed, peel, and leaves) against bacteria (Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella and others), yeasts (Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and parasitic protozoa (Leishmania amazonensis and Plasmodium falciparum). Different papers published in the main databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, as well as in university repositories) were reviewed. These results were analyzed and organized according to their inhibitory activity, attributable metabolic actions of this plant, mainly based on its phenolic compounds present (rhodomyrtone, isomyrtucommulone B, myrciarone B, trans-resveratrol, 2.4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, myricetin, syringic, ellagic acid and casuarictin), which can inhibit the synthesis or destabilize the microbial membrane, nucleic acids, cell walls in bacteria and mitochondrial dysfunction in protozoa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La mastitis bovina es una enfermedad causada por bacterias patógenas que infectan la glándula mamaria del ganado lechero, lo cual genera pérdidas económicas importantes, además, debido al uso excesivo de antibióticos para tratar esta enfermedad, los microorganismos han creado resistencia a estos fármacos, por ello, se buscan nuevas alternativas para este fin. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto antimicrobiano de extractos de plantas nativas de Sonora contra bacterias patógenas aisladas de vacas diagnosticadas con mastitis. Se obtuvieron 17 extractos etanólicos de plantas nativas de Sonora, y se evaluó su actividad antimicrobiana por el método de difusión en agar contra siete patógenos aislados de leche de vacas con mastitis utilizando una concentración de 50 mg/ml de cada extracto. El contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales se determinó mediante espectrofotometría. Los resultados mostraron que los extractos de Ibervillea sonorae (wereke, tubérculo), Populus alba (álamo, hojas), Ambrosia ambrosioides (chicura, tallos), Krameria sonorae (cosahui, raíces) y Prosopis velutina (mezquite, hojas) fueron eficaces para eliminar a S. aureus, Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Shigella spp. y Citrobacter spp. (P<0.05). Además, los extractos con alto contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales (wereke, álamo, chicura, cosahui y mezquite) mostraron una correlación inversa con respecto al pH (r = -0.94, r = -0.92, respectivamente) (P<0.05) y presentaron mayor actividad antimicrobiana contra los patógenos probados. Por lo anterior, los extractos de las plantas de Sonora podrían representar una alternativa para el control de patógenos Gram (+) y Gram (-) que infectan la glándula mamaria del ganado lechero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecule rotation in the control of fungal diseases is essential to ensure sustainability and avoid the tolerance of pathogens to fungicides. Evidencing managements that promote greater efficiency in the control can contribute to increase the efficiency in the control of diseases. This work aims to reveal control alternatives for foliar diseases through different anti-fungal molecules applied in pre-flowering in the linseed crop. The experiment took place in the experimental area of Escola Fazenda, UNIJUÍ, located in the municipality of Augusto Pestana (RS). The experimental design used randomized blocks, with ten fungicide treatments in foliar application and three replications, totaling 30 experimental units. In the useful area of each experimental unit, the following characteristics were measured: plant height, plants per square meter, number of grains per plant, weight of grains per plant, grain yield, normalized green red difference index, green leaf index, spectral saturation index. The data obtained were submitted to descriptive analysis and to the assumptions of analysis of variance, such as homogeneity of residual variances by Bartlett's test and normality of errors by Shapiro Wilk. Afterwards, analysis of variance was carried out at 5% probability, with the significant variables, Tukey's test of multiple comparison of means was applied at the level of 5% of probability. In order to identify the tendency of association between the characters, Pearson's linear correlation was determined at 5% probability by t test. The active ingredient Pyraclostrobin + Fluxapyroxad can contribute favorably to the maintenance of floral units, capsules and grains per plant. The correct positioning of the use of the molecule is decisive and requires further studies in linseed culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fundamento: la sepsis neonatal es un síndrome clínico caracterizado por signos de enfermedad infecciosa sistémica generalmente bacteriana y es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en los neonatos.Objetivo: describir factores de riesgo y microorganismos aislados en pacientes con sepsis neonatal.Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en el Laboratorio de Microbiología y Sala de Neonatología del Hospital General Universitario Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima de Cienfuegos, desde enero del 2017 a diciembre del 2018. Fueron analizadas 249 muestras clínicas de recién nacidos en que se sospechó algún tipo de sepsis e incluidas aquellas donde se obtuvo aislamiento microbiológico útil para diagnóstico. Las variables estudiadas fueron antecedentes prenatales y natales, tiempo de diagnóstico de la sepsis, tipo y clasificación de muestra clínica y microorganismo aislado.Resultados: el 79, 1 % de las muestras fueron monomicrobianas. El 72, 4 % de las sepsis apareció después de las 72 horas; el factor de riesgo más observado fue la sepsis vaginal (34,2 %); el germen que predominó fue el Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo (24, 3 %), fundamentalmente en la punta de catéter (44 %).Conclusiones: la sepsis neonatal continua siendo un problema en nuestro medio y sigue patrones similares a los observados en el mundo.

Las epidemias causadas por microorganismos infecciosos han sido una constante fuente de inspiración para el cine comercial. Muchas películas sobre dicho tópico son bastante famosas y conocidas por el gran público, por lo que pueden ser unas buenas herramientas para explicar diversos conceptos epidemiológicos, inmunológicos y microbiológicos a los estudiantes de carreras biosanitarias. En este trabajo se han recopilado varias de ellas y se han comentado las secuencias más adecuadas para los fines docentes. Aunque una gran parte de las películas de temática epidemiológica suelen recrear situaciones poco plausibles y con escaso rigor científico, no por ello dejan de tener utilidad en su uso como herramientas docentes.

La mastitis bovina es una enfermedad causada por bacterias patógenas que infectan la glándula mamaria del ganado lechero, lo cual genera pérdidas económicas importantes, además, debido al uso excesivo de antibióticos para tratar esta enfermedad, los microorganismos han creado resistencia a estos fármacos, por ello, se buscan nuevas alternativas para este fin. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto antimicrobiano de extractos de plantas nativas de Sonora contra bacterias patógenas aisladas de vacas diagnosticadas con mastitis. Se obtuvieron 17 extractos etanólicos de plantas nativas de Sonora, y se evaluó su actividad antimicrobiana por el método de difusión en agar contra siete patógenos aislados de leche de vacas con mastitis utilizando una concentración de 50 mg/ml de cada extracto. El contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales se determinó mediante espectrofotometría. Los resultados mostraron que los extractos de Ibervillea sonorae (wereke, tubérculo), Populus alba (álamo, hojas), Ambrosia ambrosioides (chicura, tallos), Krameria sonorae (cosahui, raíces) y Prosopis velutina (mezquite, hojas) fueron eficaces para eliminar a S. aureus, Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Shigella spp. y Citrobacter spp. (P

Background: Louse-fly (Lipoptena spp.) and ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites of domestic and wild animals and accidentally of humans. Globally, there is little information on the medical importance of these ectoparasites, but there are studies that suggest that these ectoparasites might be involved in the transmission of pathogens. In Mexico, both ectoparasites have been reported parasitizing white-tailed deer (WTD, Odocoileus virginianus). Objective: To estimate the prevalence and intensity of Lipoptena spp. and ticks in WTD and its possible implication of louse-flies as a vector of Anaplasma spp. in Southeastern Mexico. Methodology: 25 WTD were inspected for their louse-flies and ticks. Pools of louse-flies were tested by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify the presence of a fragment of the 16S-rDNA gene of Anaplasma spp. Results: All louse-fly (96 specimens) were identified as Lipoptena mazamae and 348 ticks of the genera Amblyomma, Ixodes, Rhipicephalus and Haemaphysalis were also identified. The prevalence of WTD with L. mazamae was 56% with an intensity of 6.9 flies/WTD, meanwhile the prevalence of ticks was 92% with an intensity of 15.5 ticks/WTD. Anaplasma spp. was not detected in any of the pools of flies evaluated. Implications: WTD are parasitized by ectoparasites that affect their health and can be transmitters of pathogens to wild animals, domestic animals, and humans, therefore their identification is important for the design of prevention programs. Conclusion: WTD showed high prevelances of L. mazamae and different species of ticks, being the latter with high prevalence and intensity. Molecular tests showed that louse-flies evaluated in this study were not found to be infected with Anaplasma spp.

A região do meio oeste de Santa Catarina é responsável por cerca de 51,7% de toda a produção de sementes do estado, destacando a relevância da região no processo de produção de sementes comercias. A utilização de sementes salvas tem se tornado uma prática crescente, pois o produtor julga ser uma redução de seus custos de produção, afim de não pagar pelo royalties das sementes. Esta pesquisa, teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de soja produzidas de forma comercial e salva, provenientes da região do meio oeste de Santa Catarina. O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de sementes da Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina – campus de Campos Novos – SC. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4x2, sendo 4 cultivares de soja (55I57 RSF IPRO, 50I52 RSF IPRO, BS 2606 IPRO e DOM MARIO 5.9i), e 2 sistemas de produção (comerciais e salvas). Os atributos de qualidade fisiológica destas sementes foram avaliados pelo teste de germinação e vigor (tetrazólio, comprimento de raízes e hipocotilo), já a qualidade sanitaria foi avaliado pelo teste de sanidade em meio BDA. De acordo com o testes realizados foi possivel observar interação entre as cultivares e os sistemas de produção avaliados, sendo que o ambiente de armazenagem pode influencia diretamente na qualidade dessas sementes, tendo em vista que geralmente as sementes salvas são armazenadas em condições inadequadas causando maior deterioração no tegumento da semente. Conclui-se que as sementes comerciais foram superiores as salvas com relação ao teste de germinação e para a qualidade sanitária, devido a menor incidência de fungos de armazenamento. Para o vigor houve variação, conforme a cultivar e o sistema de produção.

Las bacteriocinas son péptidos sintetizados por bacterias que presentan un amplio potencial como conservador de alimentos. Son una buena alternativa para reemplazar los aditivos químicos y producir alimentos mínimamente procesados. Las bacteriocinas que se han estudiado con mayor interés en la industria alimentaria son las derivadas de bacterias ácido-lácticas (bal) porque tienen el estatus Generally Regarded As Safe (gras). No obstante, se ha determinado que las bacteriocinas tienen ciertas desventajas a la hora de aplicarlas en los alimentos, especialmente en derivados lácteos. Esas desventajas pueden enmendarse al combinar las bacteriocinas con otros tratamientos emergentes en la industria alimentaria. El objetivo de esta revisión fue realizar un análisis sobre las principales bacteriocinas utilizadas y su efecto sinérgico contra bacterias patógenas y/o alteradoras, cuando se aplican de manera combinada con otros tratamientos como sustancias químicas, sistema lactoperoxidasa, altas presiones hidrostáticas, nanopartículas, bacteriófagos y aceites esenciales. Los resultados de esta revisión indican que cuando se aplican las bacteriocinas con otros tratamientos pueden aumentar la actividad antimicrobiana, lo cual mejoraría la seguridad alimentaria. Se concluye que las mejores combinaciones del uso de las bacteriocinas y tecnologías emergentes son bacteriocinas y nanopartículas y bacteriocinas con bacteriófagos, cuyas combinaciones inhiben el crecimiento tanto de bacterias Gram positivas como de Gram negativas, entre las ventajas están, fáciles de aplicar en los alimentos, pueden ser de bajo costo, no cambian las características sensoriales del producto, permiten combatir la resistencia antimicrobiana, y destruyen completamente a los microorganismos sin darles oportunidad de recuperación durante el periodo de maduración o almacenamiento.

The use of parasites in conservation of other animal species may increase knowledge of natural parasite communities, elucidate parasite ecological function, and provide a baseline to better understand hosts and parasites. Climate change, habitat loss, invasive species, overexploitation, parasite conservation, animal conservation, pathogens, patógenos, cambio climático, conservación animal, conservación de parásitos, pérdida del hábitat, especie invasora, sobreexplotación For example, vertically transmitted parasites inform movement between groups (Kerr et al., 2018), parasites with slower evolutionary rates inform large-scale geographic movements (e.g., between islands; Whiteman et al., 2006), and host-specific, rapidly evolving parasites (e.g., RNA viruses) inform fine-scale connectivity across landscapes (Fountain-Jones et al., 2021). Keywords: animal conservation; climate change; habitat loss; invasive species; overexploitation; parasite conservation; pathogens; cambio climático; conservación animal; conservación de parásitos; especie invasora; patógenos; pérdida del hábitat; sobreexplotación EN animal conservation climate change habitat loss invasive species overexploitation parasite conservation pathogens cambio climático conservación animal conservación de parásitos especie invasora patógenos pérdida del hábitat sobreexplotación 1 12 12 03/02/22 20220201 NES 220201 Introduction Large anthropogenic disturbances that act in synergy to negatively affect biodiversity include overexploitation, habitat degradation, introduction and expansion of invasive species, and climate change (Bellard et al., 2016; Maxwell et al., 2016; Wilcove et al., 1998). The use of parasite genetics to identify host source populations is sometimes more informative than host genetics, can provide greater information regarding the host, and alleviates difficulty in identification of cryptic parasite species (Criscione et al., 2006). [Extracted from the article]

To evaluate the ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA16 as starter to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in a fermented sausage, the pathogens were inoculated in the model meat system and in chorizo. Each pathogen was quantified and four inactivation models were evaluated to obtain the best fit. To validate the model, different variants of chorizo were prepared with or without starter. Pathogens were inoculated at concentration of 103 UFC/g CFU/g and the starter culture at 104 UFC/g CFU/g. The reduction of 2.5 log CFU/g observed in the pathogens occurred between three and six days for the variants with L. acidophilus and between seven and eight days for the variants without starter. This behavior was described by the biphasic model and it could be used to quantify Escherichia coli and S. aureus in chorizo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional del Nordeste and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is an accurate, sensitive, rapid, and easy-to-perform method for gene amplification under isothermal conditions, and it has served as a powerful diagnostic tool. In this study, we used LAMP to develop a diagnostic protocol for detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), and Perkinsus spp. in Crassostrea spp. in Mexico. These pathogens are associated with different diseases and are considered a threat in the aquaculture industry. Infected and uninfected oysters and shrimp were obtained from farms in the northwest coast of Mexico to standardize the LAMP assay. We determined the candidate target genes in the first-round analysis of many sets of primers, and then we chose a set of primers that successfully amplified with Mexican samples. We optimized the LAMP reactions for each pathogen with the chosen primer sets using temperature gradients from 61 to 65 °C, DNA concentrations from 2.5 pg to 250.0 ng, and reaction times from 10 to 60 min. This study established a diagnostic procedure for detecting pathogens in oysters and shrimp from Mexico. Early diagnosis and treatment of pathogens can immensely reduce disease transmission in aquaculture farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biostabilization of poultry excreta through efficient microorganisms for the control of environmental contamination En la ciudad de Calceta (Manabí, Ecuador) se han identificado tres granjas avícolas destinadas a la producción de huevos, las cuales no realizan tratamiento alguno de las excretas de las aves ponedoras, lo que conlleva la generación de gases y malos olores que afectan a la población. El presente trabajo analiza la eficiencia en la reducción de la contaminación del aire al tratar las excretas avícolas con diferentes dosis de microorganismos eficientes (EMs). Se diseñó el experimento de manera unifactorial con cuatro tratamientos, tomando como base 5 Kg de excretas de avícolas. Se agregaron dosis volumétricas de 0,5; 1,0; y 1,5 litros de EMs; mientras que, se agregó 1 litro de agua como control. Se evaluó la variación de parámetros como el pH, humedad, amonio y el desarrollo de colonias de Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp. y levaduras. El proceso de bioestabilización fue evaluado con dos mediciones, la primera a los 10 días y la segunda a los 20 días de aplicación de los EMs. Los resultados demuestran que a los 20 días los valores del pH alcanzaron rangos entre 8,3 y 7,6; disminución de concentraciones de amonio desde 3,14 mg/L hasta 0,60 mg/ L; en el caso de la humedad, existió una disminución de aproximadamente 50%, lo cual afectó en la disminución de la población microbiana de levaduras, Bacillus spp., y Lactobacillus spp. en más de un 90%. Se concluye que los microorganismos eficientes empleados permiten la reducción de más del 70% de malos olores representados por el amoniaco, generados por la acumulación de excretas avícolas. Palabras clave: microorganismos eficientes; aves; desechos; contaminación del aire; aerobiología; patógenos. Abstract In the city of Calceta (Manabí, Ecuador) three poultry farms have been identified for the production of eggs, which do not perform any treatment of the excreta of the laying birds, which leads to the generation of gases and bad odors that affect the population. The present work analyzes the efficiency in the reduction of air pollution when treating poultry excreta with different doses of efficient microorganisms (EMs). The experiment was designed in a unifactorial way with four treatments, based on 5 Kg of poultry excreta. Volumetric doses were added in the following order: 0,5; 1,0; and 1,5 liters of EMs; while, 1 liter of water was added as control. The variation of parameters such as pH, humidity, ammonium and the development of colonies of Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp. and yeasts. The biostabilization process was evaluated with two measurements, the first at 10 days and the second at 20 days of application of the EMs. The results show that at 20 days the pH values ​​reached ranges between 8,3 and 7,6; a decrease in ammonium concentrations from 3,14 mg/L to 0,60 mg/L was achieved; in the case of humidity, there was a decrease of approximately 50%, which affected the decrease of the microbial population of yeasts, Bacillus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. in more than 90%. In conclusion, the efficient microorganisms allow the reduction of more than 70% of bad odors represented by ammonia, generated by the accumulation of poultry excreta. Keywords: efficient microorganisms; poultry; wastes; air contamination; aerobiology; pathogens.

The objective of this work is to present the new bean cultivar ʻCoral 10ʼ. The origin of this cultivar, was a selection of the SCR 5 line, which was achieved by hybridization between NCB226 x RCB591/-MC-2C-MC-11C-MC at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and it was introduced in Cuba, in the F5 generation, in 2010. Selection in Cuba began in November 2010 from individual plants with desirable agronomic characteristics and subsequent evaluation in regional yield trials. ʻCoral 10ʼ has red colored grain, is of medium cycle (81 days), resistant to common mosaic virus (BCMV) and bean yellow gold (BGYMV), common bean bacteriosis (Xanthomonas axonopodis p.v phaseoli), intermediate to rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) and has shown a high and stable yield potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The litter is an essential component in poultry production, as the birds inhabit this material for most of their production cycle. As a result, located in the litter is feces, enteric bacteria, pathogens of zoonotic importance and / or foodborne pathogens, pesticides and antimicrobials, which affect the health of birds. After the poultry production cycle, litter is commonly used as an organic fertilizer to improve the quality of the soil and of crops. Despite its wide use in poultry and agriculture, little is known about its importance in food security. The present study provides more information about litter-borne pathogens, the risks associated with contaminants and zoonotic diseases in the waste generated from poultry, management practices and treatments. It is essential to consider the impact of the litter because not doing so represents a danger to humans, animals, and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência & Trópico (03042685) is the property of Fundacao Joaquim Nabuco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Las abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera) polinizan plantas tanto de sistemas naturales como manejados para la agricultura, contribuyendo a la producción de alimentos y a sostener y aumentar la biodiversidad. Desafortunadamente, en la actualidad ocurren casos de despoblación y pérdida de colonias de abejas en todo el mundo. Diferentes factores contribuyen a la disminución de poblaciones de abejas, entre ellos, patógenos (parásitos, hongos, bacterias y virus), alteración o pérdida de ecosistemas, o el uso de agroquímicos. Todos estos factores alteran los mecanismos de defensa del sistema inmune de las abejas. Las abejas melíferas poseen un sistema inmune innato que incluye barreras físicas, así como respuestas celulares y humorales, que son generalizadas y que les permite defenderse contra organismos infecciosos y parasitarios. Además de los agentes patógenos, acaricidas, fungicidas, herbicidas y otros plaguicidas, han demostrado tener efectos sobre su salud y sistema inmune. Los mecanismos involucrados en la defensa están representados por vías de señalización, receptores de reconocimiento de patógenos y efectores del sistema inmune innato. Aunque el sistema inmune de A. mellifera es muy similar al de las moscas Drosophila y los mosquitos Anopheles, solo poseen aproximadamente un tercio de los genes relacionados al sistema inmune de esos insectos. Este menor número de genes se debería al hecho de que A. mellifera posee inmunidad social, que es una estrategia de defensa que disminuye la presión sobre el sistema inmune individual de las abejas. En este artículo de revisión se discuten las bases del sistema inmune de la abeja melífera.

A água pode servir como veículo de diversos agentes patogênicos aos seres humanos e a contaminação de superfícies de equipamentos mal higienizados pode contribuir com baixa qualidade microbiológica da água. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade higiênico-sanitária das superfícies de bebedouros e da água para consumo da Universidade Federal do Paraná – Setor Palotina. Foi estabelecido um Procedimento Padrão de Higiene Operacional (PPHO) para a higienização dos bebedouros e aplicado um treinamento para o setor responsável pela atividade, para a padronização da higienização. Foram realizadas 392 avaliações de 24 bebedouros distribuídos pelo Setor, totalizando 784 análises microbiológicas de superfícies e 37 de água. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: contagem de micro-organismos aeróbios mesófilos e pesquisa de coliformes totais, termotolerantes e Escherichia coli. Todos os bebedouros (100%) apresentaram contagens de micro-organismos aeróbios mesófilos superiores a 30 UFC/cm2 em pelo menos uma das avaliações realizadas. Dos 24 bebedouros, 17 (70,8%) apresentaram coliformes totais, sete (33,3%) apresentaram coliformes termotolerantes e em seis (25%) foi verificada a presença de Escherichia coli. Das amostras de água, 31 (83,8%) estavam adequadas para o consumo. Todos os bebedouros apresentaram-se inadequados para a utilização, no entanto a qualidade microbiológica da água não pareceu ter sido afetada. Os resultados podem ser reflexos do grande fluxo de utilização dos equipamentos, bem como da proximidade com instalações sanitárias. Por isso atividades de monitoramento higiênico-sanitária da água e dos bebedouros e trabalhos contínuos de treinamento e verificação são importantes.

Campylobacter jejuni é o principal causador de gastroenterite bacteriana aguda e a carne de frango é um importante veículo do agente. Entretanto, as metodologias convencionais de isolamento de Campylobacter muitas vezes não são eficientes, podendo levar a resultados errôneos. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes métodos utilizados na detecção de C. jejuni em produtos de frango. Carne moída experimentalmente contaminada com três diferentes diluições do microrganismo foi analisada com diferentes protocolos para isolamento de C. jejuni. Foram feitas semeaduras diretamente nos ágares mCCDA, Columbia e ágar sangue, e após pré-enriquecimento nos caldos Bolton ou Brucella. As colônias características de Campylobacter foram identificadas e os resultados comparados a fim de avaliar qual o método foi mais eficaz. Os únicos protocolos em que foi possível recuperar o microrganismo de todos os testes foram aqueles em que foi utilizado o ágar mCCDA associado com o Caldo Bolton ou com o Caldo Brucella. Estes foram também os únicos protocolos que permitiram a recuperação de C. jejuni 24 horas após a contaminação experimental com inóculo igual a 100 UFC/25 g. Entretanto, o ágar mCCDA sem o uso de pré- enriquecimento apresentou desempenho insatisfatório, inferior ao dos demais protocolos. Conclui- se que ágar mCCDA com pré-enriquecimento em caldo Brucella ou em caldo Bolton foram mais eficientes para o isolamento de C. jejuni que os demais protocolos.Palavras-chave: alimentos, segurança alimentar, detecção de patógenos.

Fresh Minas cheese is na originally Brazilian product widely consumed by the population, which manufacture is, generally, of small scale and with little technology. The hygienicsanitary condition of production is the first step in the manufacture of a product that guarantees food safety for consumers. Based on this, the need for information about food safety during processing was the premise for the present study, which aimed to conduct a survey on the hygienic-sanitary quality of fresh Minas cheese and if these products pose a risk to the consumer. This review was based on articles available in the SciELO database, CAPES journals, PubMed and MEDLINE and other publications of journals in databases in the area of Food Science and Technology and the respective legislation in force. Publications on microbiological quality of fresh Minas cheeses published between the years 2016 to 2020 were selected and in order to guide the research, the following terms were consulted: fresh Minas cheese, microbiological quality, public health, food safety, food pathogens and good manufacturing practices. With this study it was possible to identify that in all articles the evaluated parameters are in disagreement with the quality standards proposed by the current legislation, indicating that producers are not aware or are unaware of good manufacturing practices. Based on the results, it is suggested that producers of fresh Minas cheese adopt effective measures of good manufacturing practices in order to guarantee the safety of the product and the preservation of consumers' health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se buscó el aislamiento de levaduras de muestras de miel de la Provincia de Jujuy, Argentina, con el objetivo de utilizarlas in vitro como antagonistas de mohos patógenos pre- y poscosecha, de diferentes cultivos de interés, como, cítricos, maíz, maní y caña de azúcar. Se utilizó miel, ya que la misma puede actuar como medio selectivo de cepas inocuas y tolerantes a distintos estrés abióticos, como bajo pH, elevada presión osmótica, presencia de fitoquímicos, entre otros. Se logró aislar un total de 15 levaduras de 25 muestras de mieles. Las levaduras fueron identificadas como: Candida parapsilosis, Zygosaccharomyces baili, Zygosaccharomyces mellis, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Tausonia pullulans, Lachancea thermotolerans, Lachancea fermentati, Torulaspora delbrueckii y Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Todos los géneros se encontraron descriptos como presentes en la miel, provenientes, ya sea, de fuentes primarias de contaminación o del ambiente circundante. De los aislamientos obtenidos se probó el antagonismo in vitro, por disminución del crecimiento micelial de los mohos: Penicillium italicum, P. ulaiense, Aspergillus parasiticus y Fusarium sacchari. Lachancea thermotolerans, fue el único aislamiento que presentó antagonismo hacia todos los mohos ensayados. Candida parapsilosis manifestó antagonismo hacia P. italicum; Lachancea fermentati hacia P. ulaiense; Z. mellis frente P. ulaiense y uno de los aislamientos de T. delbrueckii frente a P. italicum y P. ulaiense. Se podrían utilizar las levaduras antagonistas en futuros ensayos in vivo, en vistas al diseño de un biofungicida activo contra mohos patógenos de cultivos, en la etapa de producción a campo o durante el almacenamiento.