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The intensity and destructiveness of natural calamities has increased in recent years. This thesis examines the causal effect of natural disasters on firm's access to finance across countries. Only largest catastrophes from years from 2003 to 2020 are considered. Data from the International Disaster Database and World Bank databases are matched into two time dimensional panel data set consist- ing of firms from 21 countries. The effects of natural disasters are analyzed by difference-in-differences method and the regression is estimated by Ordinary Least Squares and Fixed effect. The model is then subjected to various robust- ness checks to assess the validity of the results obtained. The overall results suggest positive response of firm's perception of access to finance 1 to 3 years after the occurrence of natural disaster. 1

Salivary gland choristoma is an extremely rare middle ear pathology. We present the case of a 10-year-old girl with unilateral conductive hearing loss. Tympanotomy showed a nonspecific middle ear mass, absence of stapes, anomaly of incus, and displaced facial nerve. It was not possible to remove the mass completely. Histology confirmed salivary gland choristoma. The hearing in this case can be improved with a bone-anchored hearing aid.

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is a rare condition characterized by mechanical compression of the third part of the duodenum between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. The relationship between Crohn‘s disease and SMAS is seldom described in literature, although patients with Crohn‘s disease have many predispositions to its development. We describe the case of a 17-year- -old female patient who has been dia gnosed with Crohn‘s disease for several years and has been experiencing symptoms of abdominal discomfort and significant weight loss for five months. Magnetic resonance imaging was a key method for dia gnosing SMAS. In addition, older contrast computed tomography scans were evaluated retrospectively with regards to the aortomesenteric angle and distance, the reduction of which is a diagnostic criterion for SMAS. Our goal is to highlight the importance of measuring these values in patients with Crohn‘s disease for early detection of the risk of SMAS.

MERS - mirna encefalopatie s reverzibilni lezi splenia corporis callosi (SCC) je klinicko‑radiologický syndrom charakterizovaný akutni mirnou encefalopatii a reverzibilnimi změnami SCC při zobrazovani magnetickou rezonanci mozku s difuzně važeným zobrazenim (DWI). Býva popisovan v souvislosti s infekci, předevsim virovou. Prognoza je obecně přizniva. Větsina pacientů ma uplne vymizeni přiznaků během jednoho měsice bez dlouhodobých neurologických nasledků. Prezentujeme připad desetileteho chlapce s nahle vzniklou dysartrii a klinicko‑radiologickým obrazem shodujicim se s timto syndromem.

Spindle cell hemangioma is a benign vascular tumor typically occurring in the dermis or subcutis of distal extremities as red–brown lesions that can grow in both size and number over time. They can be very painful and potentially disabling. A family history of cancer or previous history may be relevant and must be taken into consideration. Juxtaglomerular cell tumor (reninoma) is an extremely rare cause of secondary hypertension diagnosed mostly among adolescents and young adults. Excessive renin secretion results in secondary hyperaldosteronism. Subsequent hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis, together with high blood pressure, are clues for clinical diagnosis. Histological examination of the excised tumor leads to a definitive diagnosis. Reninoma is found in subcapsular localization, in most cases as a solitary mass, in imaging studies of kidneys. Exceptionally, it can be located in another part of a kidney. Both spindle cell hemangioma and reninoma are extremely rare tumors in children and adolescents. Herein, the authors present a case report of a patient with hereditary BRCA1 interacting protein C-terminal helicase 1 (BRIP1) mutation, spindle cell hemangioma, and secondary hypertension caused by atypically localized reninoma.

Legal regulation of the NATURA 2000 network Abstract The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyse the legal regulation of the Natura 2000 network, namely its creation and its subsequent protection. Natura 2000 is the network that primarily serves to the protection of biodiversity on the territory of the selected protected sites, which is created by the member states of the European Union on their terriotory. The creation and the protection of the Natura 2000 network are based on two major regulations of the secondary EU law, specifically Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the conservation of wild birds and Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. To achieve the most comprehensive analysis of the legal regulation were used five main chapters, into them is the thesis divided. The first chapter introduces the concept of Natura 2000, it describes the purpose of this network and also the principles on which it is based. The second chapter describes the international legal regulation in relation to the Natura 2000 network, this chapter contains the list of international agreements that are also focused on the nature protection and with that they present the basis for Natura 2000 network. The third chapter relates to the EU...

The main aim of the work was to understand the complex and demanding path in the development of energy and power engineering in the Czech lands from the end of the 19th century to the present. The introduction generally outlines the intention to briefly exclude the key moments that affected our energy. The next sections first describe the historical individual periods in which the power plants were built on the basis of certain conditions. Then I deal in detail with the most frequently used types of power plants in the Czech Republic with more emphasis on one of the modern technologies of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. The last larger chapter is a reflection on the possible development of energy in the future.

Ve stati předkladame výsledky obsahove analýzy clanků o celostatnim testovani žaků 5. ci 9. třid v CR v ceských denicich (Mlade frontě Dnes, Lidových novinach a Pravu) za obdobi od 1. ledna 1990 do 31. prosince 2011. Celkový pocet clanků ve zkoumanem souboru byl 121. Obsahova analýza proběhla dle předem vytvořene kodovaci knihy. Analýza ukazala, že celkove vyzněni clanků je v 40,5 % pozitivni, v 36,4 % negativni, v 8,3 % ambivalentni a v 14,9 % neutralni. Pocet clanků, jejichž celkove vyzněni bylo negativni, ovsem v poslednich letech výrazně vzrostl (v letech 2004−2008 to bylo 25,6 %, zatimco v letech 2010−2011 to již bylo 42 %). Zvýsil se i podil clanků zmiňujicich rizika testovani (v letech 2004−2008 to bylo 20,5 % z celkoveho poctu clanků, zatimco v letech 2010−2011 to již bylo 48,1 %). Analýza take prokazala, že jen 18 % clanků nějak propojuje zavedeni celostatniho testovani s nějakým cilem, ktereho ma být prostřednictvim testovani dosaženo. Jen v 19 % z celkoveho poctu clanků byly zminěny nějake zahranicni zkusenosti s testovanim. Medialni obraz celostatniho testovani lze celkově oznacit jako rozporuplný, „technicky“ orientovaný a bez dostatecne diskuse sirsiho kontextu testovani. The article deals with content analysis of articles on national testing of 5th and 9th class pupils in the Czech Republic, published in three major daily newspapers (Mlada fronta Dnes, Lidove noviny, Pravo) in the period between January 1st 1990 and December 31st 2011. The total number of researched articles is 121. The content analysis was conducted by a codebook, prepared in advance by authors. The analysis showed that the tone of the articles is in 40,5% of cases positive, in 36,4% negative, in 8,3% ambivalent and in 14,9% neutral. However, the number of articles whose tone is negative increased noticeably in the period 2010−2011 (in 2004−2008 it was 25,6% of cases, while in 2010−2011 it was 42%). The number of articles mentioning the risks of national testing also increased in the course of the time (in 2004−2008 it was 20,5% of total number of articles, while in 2010−2011 48,1%). The analysis also revealed that only 18% of articles link the launch of the national testing with a more general aim, which should be achieved through testing. Only 19% of the total number of articles mentions at least some foreign experience with testing. Generally, the media image of national testing is rather contradictory, technically-oriented and with insufficient discussion of a broader context of testing.

Myringotomy is a surgical incision of tympanic membrane used mainly as therapy for acute otitis media. It is a safe and simple procedure; however possible complications must be considered. In this article is described a case study of a 2-and-a-half-year-old girl with a massive oto-liquorrhea following myringotomy.

1 ABSTRACT The geopolitical conditions in Europe at the end of the 17th century, the transition from absolutist order to democratic systems, prompted a new cultural stream - the Enlightenment. Due to economic, social, and cultural changes in the 18th century, the Jewish Enlightenment, the so called Haskalah, emerged as a movement that brought European Enlightenment into the Jewish world. The Haskalah was an ideological and social movement that began in the early 19th century and was active until the rise of the Jewish national movement in the early 1980's. In a sense, the Haskalah represented the spread of the 18th century European Enlightenment but mainly dealt with the political status of the Jews and their relationship to European culture. Essentially, the Haskalah sought to exploit the new possibilities of economic, social, and cultural integration that became available to Jews at the end of the 18th century through the elimination of legal discrimination. Supporters of the movement - Maskilim worked in various fields: philosophy, education, culture, economy, politics, and religion. To promote Jewish emancipation in Europe, Maskilim caused a social upheaval, which resulted, among other things, in the disintegration of the traditional concept of the Kehilah and its theocratic organizational structure....

The bachelor thesis describes child's reaction to divorce and the potential problem behavior resulting from this situation. It also defines techniques suitable for working with children, who are facing such a situation. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the concept of family, marriage, divorce, problem behavior of the children as a consequence of the divorce and convenient methods of working with children facing the situation of their parents getting divorced. The practical part of the thesis looks into qualitative analysis of data obtained by semi-structured interviews, realized with four respondents. The data was processed by the method of clustering. Based on the thesis, it was found out that the most frequent, but acceptable change in the child's behavior, which was observed by the parents, was sadness, on the other hand, the most common problem behavior was the rejection of communication. The most significant proactive reaction of the parents was the effort to explain the child the reasons for the divorce, as for the reactive approaches, in most cases the parents sought professional help and discussed with the child his / her problem behavior. The conclusion of the thesis points out, among other things, the necessity of a suitable attitude toward the child in difficult time of divorce of parents and the importance of the parents' cooperation.

Aims: We mapped and described university study programmes in the addictions field (USPA) in Europe, according to degrees, professional backgrounds, titles, methods of delivery, duration, entrance requirements, fees, clinical practice requirements and courses offered. Methods: The study consisted of two parts: 1) a general mapping of USPA – utilising online databases of scientific literature, and subsequently the Google search engine and 2) a content analysis of the identified study programmes’ websites according to a set of a priori research questions. Findings: A total of 34 USPA were located at 25 universities in eight different European countries. 43.6% (n = 18) were master’s, 15.4% (n = 6) bachelor’s and 12.8% (n = 4) Ph.D. study programmes. Only the Czech Republic offers education across all three levels. The background of many USPA is built on medical (n = 5), social (n = 5) and psychological (n = 4) foundations. Ten programmes are offered both full-time and part-time, and 62% charge tuition...

Study programme addictology and its graduates' characteristics analysis in the context of the field addictology development Amalie Pavlovská ABSTRACT Background: The addictions field has a long and diverse history including development of education for professionals who work in it. In last decades we witness an emergence of a new profession of addiction specialist. Based on analysis of the Czech study programme of addictology and the overview of similar programmes in abroad we identified a need for feedback how the graduates in specialized discipline are successful in entering the labour market, and integration into the existing service systems. Such an extensive survey has never been conducted in the CR, abroad we found only limited attemps. Aims: The main aim was to find out the employability rate of study programme addictology graduates and its specific characteristics, both from the view of the graduates and their possible emloyers. Methods: The sample was created by two groups of respondents, addictology graduates and employers from the addictological services. For graduates the total sampling was used, the number of questionnaires returned was almost 60%. The employers sampling reflected all regions of the CR and all types of organizations. The sample was created by 18 organizations. For the...

Background: The field of addiction studies (AS) has grown in the last several decades. However, little is known about the structure and conditions of current academic programs. Only two studies have examined AS programs in the U.S., and both were conducted almost 15 years ago. The current study was designed to identify AS programs existing in the U.S. universities. Methods: We conducted an Internet search to identify university-based programs according to defined key words. The university program websites were then subjected to content analysis. Results: A total of 333 U.S. universities were identified that offered 392 different academic programs in AS of which 302 were degree programs. Out of these, 161 (53%) programs were offered at the associate degree level, 48 (15,9%) at the bachelor’s level, 55 (18.2%) at the master’s level, and 5 (1.6%) at the doctorate level. The largest number of programs was in California. Two states in the U.S. had no identifiable programs. Only one university located in the state of New York offered comprehensive academic programs across the educational spectrum. Many of the academic programs offered certificates. The most common phrases used in program titles were “substance abuse”, “addiction studies/counseling”, and “chemical dependency”. Conclusions: There is a wide range of academic AS programs in the U.S., although their focus is mostly on clinical training rather than on research or drug policy. Future surveys such as this one would benefit from greater attention to issues related to certification, licensing, and academic curricula.