Search

Context: Periodontitis, a complex multifactorial, polymicrobial infection, involves deterioration of the supporting tissues surrounding teeth. Among the polymicrobiota, Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen implicated in chronic periodontitis. Aim: Identification of P. gingivalis in periodontally healthy adults and chronic periodontitis patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Periodontics, KLE V. K. Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum. The 60 patients were selected from the outpatient department considering the selection criteria, using convenience sampling. Materials and Methods: Patients were categorized into three groups: periodontally healthy, moderate, and severe periodontitis. Plaque index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured. The plaque samples were collected from patients and were cultured and analyzed for black-pigmented colonies, followed by biochemical characterization and DNA isolation. Samples showing bacterial DNA bands were further selected for PCR analysis with species-specific primer to confirm P. gingivalis. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive analysis was done using Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA, Chi-square, and Mann–Whitney U-test (P < 0.05). Results: Age and gender showed no significance in the prevalence of P. gingivalis. P. gingivalis was absent in periodontally healthy patients and detected in 10% of moderate periodontitis and 50% of severe periodontitis patients (P = 0.0001). No statistical significance with the prevalence of P. gingivalis was observed between moderate and severe periodontitis patients. In severe periodontitis patients, P. gingivalis was significantly associated with higher mean pocket probing depth scores (P = 0.0073) and CAL scores (P = 0.0022). Conclusion: The prevalence of P. gingivalis was significant in both moderate and severe periodontitis patients; however, a higher prevalence was observed in severe periodontitis patients. PCR analysis revealed a significant rise in the frequency of P. gingivalis with an increased periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss, indicating a correlation with the severity of periodontal destruction.

Background: The vestibular depth (VD) varies to a great extent among individuals and at different points of reference. The normal range of depth of the vestibule at different areas in the mouth remains to be established. Aim: The primary objective of this study is to assess the average VD around different teeth in the maxilla and the mandible. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to identify the various ranges of VD and understand what could be suggestive of a normal VD. Materials and Methods: The participants included were divided into four age groups, i.e., 6–14 years (Group 1), 15–30 years (Group 2), 31–50 years (Group 3), and >50 years (Group 4). Further, the subjects were grouped into subgroup A, periodontally healthy and subgroup B, gingival recession (GR). Group 1, 2, and 3 included 30 subjects each in subgroup A, while Group 4 subgroup B had 18 subjects. In case of subgroup B, Group 2 included 9 subjects, Group 3–31 subjects, and Group 4–30 subjects. Measurements included the depth of vestibule from 2 reference point, i.e., gingival margin (GM) and incisal edge (IE). Results: In subgroup A, the average VD from GM was found to be the least in the Group 1 i.e., 6–14 years (9.2 mm ± 4.26 in maxilla and 7.01 mm ± 3.14 in the mandible) and the highest in the Group 4 i.e., >50 years (12.06 mm ± 2.73 in maxilla and 10.08 mm ± 2.58 in the mandible). In the case of subgroup B, the least depth from GM was found in the Group 3 i.e., >30–50 years (9.44 mm ± 2.73 in the maxilla and 8.32 mm ± 1.7 in the mandible) and the maximum depth in the Group 4 (>50 years) (11.28 ± 2.31 in maxilla and 9.42 ± 2.87 in the mandible). Conclusion: The study provides a range of VD s in different areas of the mouth in periodontally healthy and individuals with GR, which will contribute to constitute a normal range of VD.

Background: The vestibular depth (VD) varies to a great extent among individuals and at different points of reference. The normal range of depth of the vestibule at different areas in the mouth remains to be established. Aim: The primary objective of this study is to assess the average VD around different teeth in the maxilla and the mandible. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to identify the various ranges of VD and understand what could be suggestive of a normal VD. Materials and Methods: The participants included were divided into four age groups, i.e., 6-14 years (Group 1), 15-30 years (Group 2), 31-50 years (Group 3), and >50 years (Group 4). Further, the subjects were grouped into subgroup A, periodontally healthy and subgroup B, gingival recession (GR). Group 1, 2, and 3 included 30 subjects each in subgroup A, while Group 4 subgroup B had 18 subjects. In case of subgroup B, Group 2 included 9 subjects, Group 3-31 subjects, and Group 4-30 subjects. Measurements included the depth of vestibule from 2 reference point, i.e., gingival margin (GM) and incisal edge (IE). Results: In subgroup A, the average VD from GM was found to be the least in the Group 1 i.e., 6-14 years (9.2 mm ± 4.26 in maxilla and 7.01 mm ± 3.14 in the mandible) and the highest in the Group 4 i.e., >50 years (12.06 mm ± 2.73 in maxilla and 10.08 mm ± 2.58 in the mandible). In the case of subgroup B, the least depth from GM was found in the Group 3 i.e., >30-50 years (9.44 mm ± 2.73 in the maxilla and 8.32 mm ± 1.7 in the mandible) and the maximum depth in the Group 4 (>50 years) (11.28 ± 2.31 in maxilla and 9.42 ± 2.87 in the mandible). Conclusion: The study provides a range of VD s in different areas of the mouth in periodontally healthy and individuals with GR, which will contribute to constitute a normal range of VD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]